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  • 1995-1999  (146)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1351-1356 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Current macromolecular energy minimization algorithms become inefficient and prone to failure when bond length constraints are imposed. They are required to relieve steric stresses in biomolecules prior to a molecular dynamics simulation. Unfortunately, the latter often require constraints, leading to difficulties in initiating trajectories from unconstrained energy minima. This difficulty was overcome by requiring that the components of the energy gradient vanish along the constrained bonds. The modified energy minimization algorithm converges to a lower energy in a fewer number of iterations and is more robust than current implementations. The method has been successfully applied to the Dickerson DNA dodecamer, CGCGAATTCGCG. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1378-1393 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the ternary complex formed between chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase, a phenyl triazine inhibitor, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The solvent was represented by a sphere of water molecules encompassing the system. We report the results of quantum mechanical calculations of the rotational barrier in the pyrophosphate link and the barrier to inversion of the triazine ring. AMBER parameters for NADPH and the triazine are provided. Over the course of a 300-ps molecular dynamics simulation of the ternary complex in water, the triazine inhibitor maintains the same hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme that are observed in the X-ray crystal structure. Despite the low calculated barrier to inversion of the triazine ring, a single puckered conformation is observed throughout the simulation. It is proposed that this is primarily due to interactions with Phe34, which maintains an approximately parallel orientation to the triazine ring. The nicotinamide portion of NADPH maintains the interactions observed in the crystal structure, but more conformational change is observed at the adenine end together with associated changes in the protein. Two conformations for the sidechain of Tyr31 are present in the X-ray structure. The main simulation reported here corresponds to the conformation characterized by (χ1 = - 161°, χ2 = - 103°). A separate simulation was also performed in which the sidechain of Tyr31 was initially set to the other conformation present in the crystal structure (χ1 = 139°, χ2 = -99°). During this simulation, χ1 of this sidechain gradually changed until it occupied the region characterized by χ1 = -160°, thereby suggesting that this is the preferred conformation for this residue. The simulation required 200 ps to reach structural equilibrium (as measured by the root mean square, rms, deviation from the initial crystal structure), thus reinforcing the view that simulations of at least several hundreds of picoseconds are desirable when studying such systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1428-1433 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular dynamics simulations of extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water have been performed to study the effects of the truncation of long-range interactions on some calculated bulk properties of the liquid. The mean potential calculated in liquid water is sensitive to the choice of the cutoff center in the water molecule. The pair distribution function is also dependent on this choice, although not as strongly as the mean potential. An analysis is carried out to understand the origin of these effects. A common cutoff center is at the oxygen atom in the water molecule, but our study shows that this choice does not yield a mean potential value consistent with a more accurate estimate when no cutoff is applied. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1447-1447 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1459-1467 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article presents a new method for topological analysis of molecular surfaces. Explicit representation of the van der Waals interaction according to the Lennard-Jones potential enabled determination of the function of the maximum radius of a hypothetical atomic probe in any location, r, inside the host's domain. The size of the spatial gradient of the maximal probe's volume (named the ξ value) at that location was found to be a good descriptor of the local shape of the host. Consequently, mapping of the host domain according to the ξ value could be used as a quantitative tool for localization of potent local binding sites. The proposed method is illustrated by mapping an organic host (calix[4]arene) as well as an enzyme (HIV-aspartic protease). Analysis of the calix[4]arene derivative revealed that the proposed method reproduces immediately the known binding site of conic calix[4]arenes. The second test case demonstrated how the catalytic site of the enzyme could be disassembled into many local binding sites. Some of these sites, located according to the proposed method, were found to follow the shape of a known inhibitor of the enzyme in a complementary manner. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Three- and four-center Slater orbital bielectronic integrals are evaluated by means of a complete function set. The method provides a series to approximate the bielectronic integrals. Their corresponding partial sums are analyzed in detail for 1s orbitals. The comparison with the Fourier transform-based method brings forth encouraging perspectives for the present approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1522-1542 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Methods have been developed for the determination of vibrational frequencies and normal modes of large systems in the full conformational space (including all degrees of freedom) and in a reduced conformational space (reducing the number of degrees of freedom). The computational method, which includes Hessian generation and storage, full and iterative diagonalization techniques, and the refinement of the results, is presented. A method is given for the quasiharmonic analysis and the reduced basis quasiharmonic analysis. The underlying principle is that from the atomic fluctuations, an effective harmonic force field can be determined relative to the dynamic average structure. Normal mode analysis tools can be used to characterize quasiharmonic modes of vibration. These correspond to conventional normal modes except that anharmonic effects are included. Numerous techniques for the analyses of vibrational frequencies and normal modes are described. Criteria for the analysis of the similarity of low-frequency normal modes is presented. The approach to determining the natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration described here is general and applicable to any large system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 705-714 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Two exquisite models of the acyl-chymotrypsin intermediate, one designed by Bruice and another by Bender, were studied to elucidate the role of the carboxylate ion in the catalytic triad of serine proteases. However, opposing conclusions were drawn from these studies. Computational chemistry analysis of these models indicates that the carboxylate ion plays an insignificant role in the former model because of the correct orientation and the distance of the imidazole group without the carboxylate ion. However, in the latter model, the carboxylate ion serves to orient and place the imidazole group at the correct position. This analysis suggests that an important role of the carboxylate ion in serine proteases is to position the imidazole group to be an effective general base catalyst. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 729-742 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A Genetic Algorithm for Geometry Optimizations (GALGO) program has been developed to study the efficiency of this method of finding global minimum structures. Using a semiempirical tight-binding potential, the behavior of different genetic algorithm (GA) operators has been tested for the linear chain isomer of a C8 cluster. An optimum set of parameters for the GA operators is proposed for this problem and afterward is used to obtain the global minimum structure of rare-gas atomic clusters of up to 13 atoms using the 12-6 Lennard-Jones interatomic pair potential. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 743-757 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We address the problem of marking points on a grid lattice of arbitrary size and spacing as either accessible or inaccessible to a solvent-sized spherical probe. It is shown that an analytical description of the solvent-accessible volume suitable for rapidly testing a large number of lattice points can be constructed from relatively simple geometric elements. By first constructing these basic analytical elements and storing them in suitable data structures, any number of subsequent lattice markings can be carried out. This approach leads to increased computational efficiency whenever a multiple calculation using different lattice sizes and scales is necessary on the same molecular geometry. We also present an algorithm for determining the analytical volume elements. Some aspects of this algorithm, particularly the method for finding all sterically allowed probe positions in which the probe simultaneously contacts three atoms, may also be useful for improving the speed and reliability of analytical surface area calculations. An object-oriented implementation of these algorithms written in C + + is freely available via Internet. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 777-789 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We compare the electrostatic potential surrounding several natural and synthetic nucleic acid bases calculated using an atom-centered multiple expansion (ACME) derived from integration of the charge distribution with that from potential-derived charges (PDCs) obtained using the CHELPG procedure. When the multipole expansions are carried out to octapoles, the root mean square (rms) error in the potential is always less than that from PDCs. Electrostatic interactions in pairs of these nucleic acid bases were also evaluated using ACMEs up to octapoles and PDCs. The electrostatic interaction energies from ACMEs were found always to be larger than those from PDCs or the total self-consistent field (SCF) interaction energy. The value of the electrostatic energy differs by as much as approximately 19 or as little as approximately 8 kJ/mol between the ACME and PDC methods. The rank ordering provided by the electrostatic models is grossly similar but differs in the ranking of systems with two and three hydrogen bonds. A rigid twist about the N—H ⃛ N axis of the pairs was examined using SCF calculations and the electrostatic models. It was found that with ACMEs the energy required for a 90-degree rotation was always higher than that found from SCF calculations. With PDCs, similar results are obtained, except with the adenine/thymine and 9-methyl-adenine/1-methyl-thymine pairs. In these instances, the barrier is about 4 kJ/mol lower than that found with SCF calculations. These results demonstrate that integration of the charge density can provide convergent multipole expansions that provide a more accurate description of the electrostatic potential than the commonly used PDC model. In addition, the description of electrostatic interactions during twisting of AT and mAmT given by this model is shown to be somewhat anomalous. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The parameters for an empirical point charge calculation method, Mulliken Population Constrained Potential Derived-Modified Partial Equalization of Orbital Electronegativity (MPCPD-MPEOE) method, for hypervalent sulfur, phosphorus, and the atoms bonded to these atoms, were determined. A new empirical method, MPCPD, which has inherent advantages over both the Mulliken population and potential derived methods, is proposed here. The MPCPD net atomic charges are transferable and reproduce the electrostatic potential. The electrical properties were calculated with the MPCPD and MPCPD-MPEOE charges. These properties agreed well with experimental results and with 6-31G** ab initio results. The MPEOE parameters for the sulfur atom in aromatic molecules and trivalent phosphorus in phosphite molecules were also determined. The dipole moments calculated with the MPCPD-MPEOE point charges agreed well with experimental results. All the parameters obtained in this work are consistent with those obtained in our previous work. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1468-1473 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A new technique incorporating the protein-dipole Langevin-dipole (PDLD) model into the Tanford-Kirkwood (TK) formula has been proposed which provides a rather detailed description of solvent and ionic strength effects on the electrostatic energies. Applications of this method to realistic problems have been performed and concern the solvation energies of four residues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and the pK shift of His-64 of mutant subtilisin BPN′. We focus our calculation on the back-field effects of bulk solvent.The determination of protein-induced dipoles is cumbersome due to the solvent screening effects. The protein-induced dipoles are dependent on their local electric fields, which come from the protein net charges, the surrounding water molecules, and bulk solvent. The bulk solvent will usually screen the electric fields from the protein net charges and dipoles, which are defined here as the back-field effects of bulk solvent on protein net charges and dipoles, respectively. Our calculations indicate that the back-field effects of bulk solvent on protein dipoles can simply be ignored, introducing a relative error less than 3%; whereas such back field-effects on protein net charges are relatively important and cannot simply be ignored, especially when considering a system of highly charged species. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1513-1521 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The relative free energy difference (ΔΔGhyd) for the reversible addition of water to two unsaturated molecules is accurately computed using a combination of ab initio quantum mechanical calculations and free energy perturbation methods. Initial attempts to calculate the absolute hydration free energy difference (ΔGhyd) for formaldehyde and trichloroacetaldehyde gave values that differed substantially from experimental results even after inclusion of electron correlation energy contributions using third-order (MP3) and fourth-order (MP4) Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and QCISD(T) correlation methods at the 6-31G** basis set level. Inaccuracies in ΔGhyd were attributed to errors in the calculation of both ΔGgas and ΔΔGsol. Gas phase quantum mechanical free energies (ΔGgas) varied significantly (2-3 kcal/mol) depending on the level of theory. Errors in ΔΔGsol were attributed to slow convergence of the calculations using the thermodynamic cycle perturbation (TCP) method with explicit solvent. These errors were minimized or canceled, however, when relative hydration free energy differences (ΔΔGhyd) were calculated using a combination of ab initio quantum mechanical calculations and free energy perturbation methods. Calculated values for a variety of aldehydes and ketones were consistent with experimental data. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1543-1553 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A series of normal mode analyses of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been performed. The results of modifying the long-range truncation of electrostatics, reducing the conformational space of the system (reduced basis normal mode analysis), and using different parameter sets and models for the potential function are reported. Both explicit (904 atoms) and polar hydrogen (580 atoms) representations of BPTI were examined and produced nearly identical normal mode vectors but slightly modified vibrational frequencies. The truncation methods - no cutoff, shift, and switch - were examined, and the use of a short switching function was found to alter harmonic motion greatly. A table relating the different cutoff methods to several previously published frequencies for BPTI indicates that the diversity of published lowest frequencies is due to the use of different electrostatic models rather than to inherent differences in the models or energy parameters. Examining reduced basis results demonstrates that a dihedral basis yields similar normal mode vectors, though the vibrational frequencies are shifted to higher values. The analysis of BPTI harmonic dynamics using a spherical harmonic reduced basis set yields significantly altered dynamics, indicating that BPTI is not well represented as a homogeneous object at low temperatures. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1554-1566 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Atomic motions in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), derived from molecular dynamics, harmonic analysis, and quasiharmonic analysis, are compared when a single protein model, energy parameters, and environment are employed. Molecular dynamics (MD) was carried out for 2 nanoseconds. An average structure was determined from the last nanosecond of the MD simulation, when no major structural changes were observed. This structure was used for several harmonic analysis calculations as well as for a reference structure for the quasiharmonic analysis, for both full basis and reduced basis sets. In contrast to the harmonic analysis results, the quasiharmonic reduced basis calculation using a spherical harmonics reduced basis provided good agreement with the full basis calculation, suggesting that when anharmonic effects are considered, BPTI can behave as a homogeneous object. An extensive analysis of the normal modes from a diverse set of 201 minimized MD simulation frames was performed. On only the sub-picosecond time scale were energy minima revisited after a transition to another state. This analysis shows that the dynamics average structure is not representative of the simulation frames in terms of energy and vibrational frequencies. For this model of BPTI, 42% of the motion (mean-squared fluctuation) can be attributed to harmonic limit behavior. A spectral analysis of the correlation function of deformation for a particular normal mode or quasiharmonic mode can be used to determine the time scales of motions which correspond to harmonic vibration, large-scale drift, or sharp transitions between local substrates. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 690-704 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A potential energy function is developed to represent the interaction of small monovalent cations, Li+, Na+, and K+, with the backbone of polypeptides. The results are based on ab initio calculations up to the 6-31G* level of the interactions of the ions with acetamide and N-methylacetamide. Basis set superposition errors are corrected with the counterpoise method. A systematic overestimate of the bond polarities is taken into account by an empirical scaling procedure that uses the ratio of the experimental to ab initio dipole moment. The calculated binding energies obtained with this procedure show consistent convergence with different basis sets and are in good agreement with experimental data on cation-water and cation-dimethylformamide systems. Investigations of the calculated ab initio potential energy surface indicate that the cation-peptide interaction is dominated by electrostatics and includes a nonnegligible contribution from polarization of the peptide group by the ion. The induced polarization results in a steeper-than-Coulombic interaction and cannot be described by fixed ion-peptide partial charges electrostatics. Atomic polarizabilities located on the atoms of the ligand molecule are introduced to account for the induced polarization in the empirical energy function. A ∼1/r4 attractive interaction appears in the potential function. The resulting radial and angular dependence of the potential energy surface is well reproduced. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 171-187 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article introduces several methods of assessing the extent to which a collection of conformations represents or covers conformational space. It also describes poling: a novel technique for promoting conformational variation that can be applied to any method of conformational analysis that locally minimizes a penalty or energy function. The function being minimized is modified to force similar conformers away from each other. The method is independent of the origin of the initial conformers and of the particular minimization method used. It is found that, with the modification of the penalty function, clustering of the resulting conformers is generally unnecessary because the conformers are forced to be dissimilar. The functional form of the poling function is presented, and the merits are discussed with reference to (1) efficacy at promoting variation and (2) perturbation of the unmodified function. Results will be presented using conformers obtained from distance geometry with and without poling. It will be shown that the addition of poling eliminates much redundancy in conformer generation and improves the coverage of the conformational space. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The force field previously obtained for both anomers of glucose has been applied to six disaccharides that are molecules of D-glucopyranosyl residues. These six disaccharides have different types of glycosidic linkages - that is, α, α trehalose dihydrate (1-1), sophorose monohydrate (β, 1-2), laminarabiose (β, 1-3), maltose monohydrate (α, 1-4) and cellobiose (β, 1-4), and gentiobiose (β, 1-6). From a careful analysis of the infrared and Raman spectra and from harmonic dynamics calculations in the crystalline state, the results show the reliability and the transferability of the set of parameters previously obtained for different carbohydrates. Below 1500 cm-1, observed data and the corresponding calculated frequencies agreed within 5 cm-1 for each of the six disaccharides. The vibrational density of states are well reproduced by these calculations for each molecule, particularly for the fingerprint regions. Moreover, as found by other workers who used sophisticated potential energy functions, no additional terms are needed to express the exoanomeric effect. Specific force constants characteristic of each glycosidic linkage have been derived, particularly for the glycosidic angle bending. More interesting are the values of the internal rotation barriers. It is shown that they are of the same size for both sides of the glycosidic linkage: VC1O1 = VO1Cx′ = 3.29 kcal/mol for an alpha residue and 2.64 kcal/mol for a beta unit (x = 1-6 depends on the position of the glycosidic linkages of the considered disaccharide). © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 422-440 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We present improved algorithms for the SMx (x = 1, 1a, 2, 3) solvation models presented previously [see the overview in C. J. Cramer and D. G. Truhlar, J. Comp.-Aided Mol. Design, 6, 629 (1992)]. These models estimate the free energy of solvation by augmenting a semiempirical Hartree-Fock calculation on the solute with the generalized Born (GB) model for electric polarization of the solvent and a surface tension term based on solvent-accessible surface area. This article presents three improvements in the algorithms used to carry out such calculations, namely (1) an analytical accessible surface area algorithm, (2) a more efficient radial integration scheme for the dielectric screening computation in the GB model, and (3) a damping algorithm for updating the GB contribution to the Fock update during the iterations to achieve a self-consistent field. Improvements (1) and (2) decrease the computer time, and improvement (3) leads to more stable convergence. Improvement (2) removes a small systematic numerical error that was explicitly absorbed into the parameterization in the SMx models. Therefore, we have adjusted the parameters for one of the previous models to yield essentially identical performance as was obtained originally while simultaneously taking advantage of improvement (2). The resulting model is called SM2.1. The fact that we obtain similar results after removing the systematic quadrature bias attests to the robustness of the original parameterization. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 445-448 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An approach using the finite difference solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation to estimate binding free energy changes for two receptor-ligand systems, arabinose binding protein and sulfate binding protein, is presented. The eight calculated binding free energy changes agree with experiment, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and energy deviations of 1 kcal/mol or less. More importantly, the decomposition of solvation and assembly energies in this approach provides an understanding of binding mechanisms and therefore could suggest directions to alter binding affinities. The method is demonstrated to be useful in analyzing experimental binding structures and predicting binding effects of mutants or modified ligands for macromolecular systems, in which the electrostatic forces dominate the overall interaction and the structural perturbations upon modifications are small. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 512-516 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An improved version of the “marching-cube” method1 is proposed for molecular surface triangulation. This new algorithm involves fewer and simpler basic building blocks and avoids the artificial gaps of the original one. Moreover, to make it applicable to the boundary element method, the procedures for the protein cavity identification and triangle reduction are also presented. The triangulation procedure was tested by incorporating it into the boundary element method (BEM) to estimate the pKa values of subtilisin BPN′ and bovine trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Simple expressions for the forces due to dihedral-angle interactions are derived using first principles of mechanics. The expressions require significantly fewer numerical operations than those generally used in the literature and provide insight into the physics of dihedral-angle interactions. It is also shown that the scalar virial due to angle-dependent interactions is zero. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1038-1044 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A novel method to calculate the derivatives of solvent accessible surface areas is presented. Unlike earlier analytic methods, which require the molecular topology and the use of global Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this method requires only the fractional accessibilities of surface arcs. We developed an efficient numerical algorithm to calculate the surface arcs by creating a uniform set of points on the circles of intersection between surface atoms. A hierarchical point density doubling scheme led to a logarithmic dependence of Central Processing Unit (CPU) time on the number of points used. This algorithm calculated area derivatives for a 1000-atom protein in 1.5 s on an SGI INDIGO2 which were within 2% of the analytic area derivatives calculated with the program ANAREA. This algorithm scales linearly with the number of atoms for large molecules and is easily parallelizable. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1055-1066 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio calculations using both pseudopotential and double and triple-ζ all-electron basis sets, with and without electron correlation (MP2, QCISD), have been performed on the λ4-sulfanyl (SH3), λ4-selanyl (SeH3), and λ4-tellanyl (TeH3) radicals. All-electron basis sets of double-ζ quality predict that SH3 and SeH3 correspond to transition states on their respective potential energy surfaces. In contrast, the pseudopotentials of Hay and Wadt predict that SH3 and SeH3 correspond to local minima at the QCISD level of theory while the pseudopotentials of Christiansen and Stevens predict transition states. By comparison, TeH3 proved to be a local minimum at all levels of theory. Interestingly, when a very large (triple-ζ) all-electron basis set was used, SH3 proved to be a transition state; however, in this instance the potential energy surface was found to be much flatter than in the case for which a double-ζ basis set was used, suggesting that further improvements in the basis set may lead to a local minimum. Further improvements in the all-electron selenium basis also led to a local minimum for SeH3 at the QCISD level of theory. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1096-1119 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The realization that conformational flexibility must be incorporated into the description of the structural and dynamical behavior of carbohydrates has stimulated the quest for an appropriate force field and associated parameterization capable of dealing with the many specific features of these molecules. Accordingly, we set out to evaluate the capacity of very different force fields to reproduce a series of experimental spectral data such as optical rotatory dispersion, coupling constants, and nuclear Overhauser effects. NOESY volumes and long-range homonuclear and heteronuclear vicinal coupling constants were measured at 400.13 MHz. Optical rotation measurements were also performed on ethyl β-lactoside. The conformational behavior of ethyl β-lactoside was investigated in three different molecular mechanics force fields leading to three complete ensembles of theoretical conformations, which were used for evaluating these statistically averaged observables. The calculations of optical rotation followed a recent model based on interacting oscillators. Coupling constants were calculated using the appropriate sets of Karplus-type equations, and theoretical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data were obtained for models which account for either slow or fast internal motions. The calculated potential energy surfaces were shown to be dependent on the type of force field, even in the case of such a simple disaccharide. They differ in several respects, including the number and location of low-energy conformers and the shallowness of the dominant primary region. It was possible to assess the different time-averaged orientations about the glycosidic linkage of the three force fields from the fit obtained for the interglycosidic heteronuclear coupling constants. Poor fits between theoretical and experimental NOESY volumes were observed for all three force fields when the slow internal motion model was used, while a greatly improved fit was obtained when the fast internal motions model was applied. It has been shown that the motional model established from NOESY data is analogous to the one obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The quality of the fit for the NOESY data varies with the force fields and corroborates the classification obtained from heteronuclear coupling. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1181-1191 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We have developed a novel simulation strategy based on cellular automata methods which can be used to simulate a variety of physicochemical processes, including those involved in polymerization. Our approach leads to dynamic, parallel models. This strategy can address several classes of questions in technologically or scientifically important systems for which only limited structural or dynamical information is available by current experimental techniques. We illustrate the use of our methods by creating a model of lignification in vivo. The monomers are represented by pseudo-diatomic molecules as a refinement to the usual point-particle geometry normally used in such models. Our lignification model captures the essence of the underlying physical processes, as evidenced by the fact that it reproduces satisfactorily many experimentally determined properties of lignin. Due to the inherent efficiency of parallel cellular automata, our simulation strategy shows great promise, particularly for modeling species of very high molecular weight (over 106 daltons). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1227-1237 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF), second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2), and density functional calculations [using the Becke/Lee-Yang-Parr (B-LYP) exchange/correlation gradient-corrected functionals] employing the 6-311G(d, p) and 6-311 + + G(d, p) basis sets have been carried out to calculate isodesmic bond separation energies for reactions involving a number of representative five- and six-membered ring organic compounds. The MP2 and density functional approaches yield reasonably good energies; the density functional method agrees particularly well with experiment, exhibiting a root-mean-square error of only 2.5 kcal/mol. Ring geometries are calculated satisfactorily in all approaches but are given particularly accurately by the MP2 approach. A comparison of the B-LYP bond separation energies with several other definitions of resonance energy shows that these different approaches correlate with each other in a reasonable fashion. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The double cubic lattice method (DCLM) is an accurate and rapid approach for computing numerically molecular surface areas (such as the solvent accessible or van der Waals surface) and the volume and compactness of molecular assemblies and for generating dot surfaces. The algorithm has no special memory requirements and can be easily implemented. The computation speed is extremely high, making interactive calculation of surfaces, volumes, and dot surfaces for systems of 1000 and more atoms possible on single-processor workstations. The algorithm can be easily parallelized. The DCLM is an algorithmic variant of the approach proposed by Shrake and Rupley (J. Mol. Biol., 79, 351-371, 1973). However, the application of two cubic lattices - one for grouping neighboring atomic centers and the other for grouping neighboring surface dots of an atom - results in a drastic reduction of central processing unit (CPU) time consumption by avoiding redundant distance checks. This is most noticeable for compact conformations. For instance, the calculation of the solvent accessible surface area of the crystal conformation of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (entry 4PTI of the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, 362-point sphere for all 454 nonhydrogen atoms) takes less than 1 second (on a single R3000 processor of an SGI 4D/480, about 5 MFLOP). The DCLM does not depend on the spherical point distribution applied. The quality of unit sphere tesselations is discussed. We propose new ways of subdivision based on the icosahedron and dodecahedron, which achieve constantly low ratios of longest to shortest arcs over the whole frequency range. The DCLM is the method of choice, especially for large molecular complexes and high point densities. Its speed has been compared to the fastest techniques known to the authors, and it was found to be superior, especially when also taking into account the small memory requirement and the flexibility of the algorithm. The program text may be obtained on request. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 285-295 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The concept of moment statistics for evaluating conformations of molecules derived from molecular dynamics simulations is presented. A comparison of the rigidity of tetralin with benzene and cyclohexane, the effect of “tooth thickness” in geared systems, the fluctional motion of a linear alkane, and the differences between dynamical motions of hydrogen-bonded systems in gas versus solution phases were studied. The strengths and weaknesses of implementing moment statistics as a tool for data reduction are described. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 856-882 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Detailed investigations are performed of the binding energetics of Zn2+ to a series of neutral and anionic ligands making up the sidechains of amino acid residues of proteins, as well as ligands which can be involved in Zn2+ binding during enzymatic activation: imidazole, formamide, methanethiol, methanethiolate, methoxy, and hydroxy. The computations are performed using the SIBFA molecular mechanics procedure (SMM), which expresses the interaction energy under the form of four separate contributions related to the corresponding ab initio supermolecular ones: electrostatic, short-range repulsion, polarization, and charge transfer. Recent refinements to this procedure are first exposed. To test the reliability of this procedure in large-scale simulations of inhibitor binding to metalloenzyme cavities, we undertake systematic comparisons of the SMM results with those of recent large basis set ab initio self-consistent field (SCF) supermolecule computations, in which a decomposition of the total ΔE into its four corresponding components is done (N. Gresh, W. Stevens, and M. Krauss, J. Comp. Chem., 16, 843, 1995). For each complex, the evolution of each individual SMM energy component as a function of radial and in- and out-of-plane angular variations of the Zn2+ position reproduces with good accuracy the behavior of the corresponding SCF term. Computations performed subsequently on di- and oligoligated complexes of Zn2+ show that the SIBFA molecular mechanics (SMM) functionals, Epol and Ect, closely account for the nonadditive behaviors of the corresponding second-order energy contributions determined from the ab initio SCF calculations on these complexes and their nonlinear dependence on the number of ligands. Thus, the total intermolecular interaction energies computed with this procedure reproduce, with good accuracy, the corresponding SCF ones without the need for additional, extraneous terms in the intermolecular potential of polyligated complexes of divalent cations. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 370-377 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We present an efficient technique for Monte Carlo simulation of electrostatic free energy changes in biomolecular systems. It is a development of a recent method for the study of the influence of electrostatic interactions on the ion binding properties and redox potentials of biomolecules. The electrolyte solution is described by the primitive model, in which ions are treated as hard charged spheres and the solvent is replaced by a structureless continuum. The protein is kept fixed in the center of a spherical simulation cell, and the dielectric constant has the solvent value throughout the cell. By a multiparticle perturbation approach, it is possible to obtain a number of free energy changes within one simulation only. The usefulness of the method is illustrated with a study of the copper binding electron-transport protein azurin (from Alcaligenes denitrificans). The change in acidity of the histidine residues upon changing the redox state of the copper ion is calculated. The theoretical predictions agree well with available experiments. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 378-384 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A reaction field theory, combined with the MNDO, AM1, and PM3 molecular orbital methods, was applied to hydration phenomena of metal cationic species. The first hydration shell was treated explicitly by using a supermolecular model, [M(H2O)n]m+, and its surrounding medium was described with a continuum dielectric. Hydration free energies were evaluated as a sum of the contributions from the electrostatic interaction with the bulk medium, the hydrated cluster formation, the cavity formation, and the vaporization of water molecules forming the cluster. As a whole, calculated hydration energies were in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data over various kinds of metal cationic species. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 414-421 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is presented which is much faster than the traditional algorithm for data sets in which the number of features is significantly larger than the number of feature vectors. The algorithm is constructed by utilizing the covariance structure of feature vectors and cluster centers. By using results from a previous clustering, modified versions of the new algorithm achieve additional reductions in floating point operations. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 973-983 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: MM3(94) has been used to predict the conformers of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles with polar aliphatic sidechains. Computations were done for cases in which experimental gas-phase rotational constants have been determined and include histamine and analogs of tryptophan. The agreement with experiment for the tryptophan analogs is better than earlier MM2(87) computations but still not complete. A fairly good match can be made to experimental rotational constants of four histamine conformers, but other conformers are also predicted that may not be important experimentally. A comparison can be made with ab initio calculations undertaken for histamine. Similar structures were generally predicted, but there were significant discrepancies with MM3 in relative conformer energies. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1027-1037 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Electrostatic models frequently proposed to describe ion-molecule interactions have been tested on the adducts formed by Group 1 and 2 cations with H2O, NH3, H2S, PH3, their methyl analogs, and their anions. The results from the model calculations were compared with all-electron calculations (geometry optimized, MP2, TZP basis sets) carried out on adducts formed with Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The electrostatic potential model was utilized in two ways: The attraction of the point charge was calculated with and without relaxation of the ligand. A third model allowed relaxation of the ligand but treated the cation as a frozen core. The final model was the crude point charge/point dipole approximation. At long range, the models satisfactorily track the effects on energy of gross changes in the ion-ligand interaction (monovalent versus divalent ions, neutral ligands versus anions, parent ligands versus methyl derivatives), but correlation at close range is poor, especially for binding by divalent cations. The hypothesis that the calculated strength of cation-dipole binding is dependent on calculated dipole moment could not be verified. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 465-477 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The structures and relative stabilities of a series of disulfide (XSSX) and thiosulfoxide (X2SS) isomers have been studied for X = F, Cl, CH3, and H, using various levels of conventional ab initio and density functional theory (DFT). The XSSX isomers are more stable than the X2SS isomers for all substituents. The energy gap ΔE(X) between the two isomers increases (i.e., XSSX becomes more stable with respect to X2SS), and the S—S bond contracts in the series for X = F, Cl, CH3, H. The results are interpreted by means of natural population analysis (NPA) (e.g., the interaction between the disulfide moiety S2· and the two substituents X·). The bonding in the hypervalent X2SS species is similar to the bonding in the nonhypervalent XSSX and does not involve a special role for sulfur-3d orbitals. These orbitals acquire only minimal populations and are not to be conceived as valence orbitals. The DFT and conventional ab initio results, Xα/DZP and MP2/6-31G** optimized structures and isomerization energies (at the highest levels of both methods), agree well. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 454-464 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We present a computational method for prediction of the conformation of a ligand when bound to a macromolecular receptor. The method is intended for use in systems in which the approximate location of the binding site is known and no large-scale rearrangements of the receptor are expected upon formation of the complex. The ligand is initially placed in the vicinity of the binding site and the atomic motions of the ligand and binding site are explicitly simulated, with solvent represented by an implicit solvation model and using a grid representation for the bulk of the receptor protein. These two approximations make the method computationally efficient and yet maintain accuracy close to that of an all-atom calculation. For the benzamidine/trypsin system, we ran 100 independent simulations, in many of which the ligand settled into the low-energy conformation observed in the crystal structure of the complex. The energy of these conformations was lower than and well-separated from that of others sampled. Extensions of this method are also discussed. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 501-511 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The thermodynamic, dielectric, and dynamic properties of a newly parameterized flexible water model are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The potential function developed is based on the popular simple point charge (SPC) rigid model with the addition of appropriate harmonic and anharmonic energy terms for stretching and bending. Care was taken to account for the self-polarization and gas-phase monomer energy corrections during the parameterization, which have typically been ignored in past studies. The results indicate that an increased Lennard-Jones repulsive coefficient and slightly scaled partial charges are required when adding flexibility to the rigid model potential to reliably reproduce the experimental density, energy, and O ⃛ O radial distribution function of water at 298 K and 1 atm. Analysis of the power spectrum derived from the H-velocity autocorrelation function allowed the water potential to be evaluated further and refined by adjusting the valence forces to fit the vibrational frequencies of the gas and liquid. Once a consistent set of parameters was determined, the static dielectric properties of the water model were calculated at two temperatures using the reaction field method to treat long-range forces and correlations. The dielectric constant of 75 ± 7 calculated at 300 K is in good agreement with the experimental value of 78.5. The Kirkwood g factor was also examined for temperature dependence and showed the correct increasing behavior with decreasing T. As a final check of the water potential, the free energies of solvation of a flexible water molecule and neon were predicted using thermodynamic perturbation methods. The calculated solvation energies of -7.0 ± 0.8 for water and 2.7 ± 0.7 for neon are both consistent with the experimental values of -6.3 and 2.7 kcal/mol. Comparisons are made throughout the study with the results of previous rigid and flexible model simulations. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 141
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 534-544 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The exponents method for calculating the concentrations of species in multimetal-multiligand systems is introduced. This method uses the Newton-Raphson method with restricted step iteration, which guarantees a monotonically decreasing objective function. Variable transformation and scaling are performed to avoid underflows and overflows during the calculations. A special linear solver using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix is implemented for overcoming disastrous singularity of this matrix, and the singular value decomposition method is applied for setting the initial guess. In addition, polynomial extrapolation is used for improving the performance when simulating a diagram of concentrations of species. The method was tested with 14 systems of different sizes over the whole pH range and presented robust and efficient behavior. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 563-575 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method proposed by Miertus, Scrocco, and Tomasi (MST) has been optimized for MNDO and PM3 semiempirical Hamiltonians. Different algorithms used to compute the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and different solute cavities have been investigated. The ability of the optimized models to reproduce experimental free energies of solvation and to mimic the solvent effect in several chemical processes has been compared with the ab initio and AM1 versions of the MST method as well as with experimental data. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 610-619 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The EFF'93 force field is used to study crystalline alkanes. In addition to detailed molecular geometries, the sublimation enthalpy, heat capacity, and lattice vibrations for a number of saturated hydrocarbons are reported and compared with experiment. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 654-658 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A general procedure is presented for computing the gas phase heats of formation of a wide variety of organic compounds. ΔE for the formation of the molecule from its elements at 0 K is obtained from density functional calculations (Gaussian 92/DFT) for optimized geometries. This result is converted to ΔH at 298 K by assuming ideal behavior and adding the translational, rotational, and vibrational energies. Additive correction terms corresponding to the various coordination states of the carbons, nitrogens, and oxygens were developed using a database of 54 compounds. The experimental ΔHƒo values of these compounds are then reproduced with an average absolute error of 3 kcal/mol and a standard deviation of 4 kcal/mol. For a group of 10 test cases that were not part of the database, the average absolute error is 3.5 kcal/mol and the standard deviation is 4.1 kcal/mol. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 659-666 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio MP2/6-31G** calculations render the same mechanism for the gas-phase addition of HF and HCl to ethylene in contrast with previous HF/3-21G calculations. The leading interaction is in both cases the electrophilic attachment of the hydrogen atom in the hydrogen halide to a carbon atom in ethylene. The presence of a second molecule of hydrogen halide causes a catalytic effect by allowing an alternative mechanism for electron density rearrangement through ethylene polarization. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 791-816 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The (φ, ψ) energy surface of blocked alanine (N-acetyl-N′-methyl alanineamide) was calculated at the Hartree-Fock (HF)/6-31G* level using ab initio molecular orbital theory. A collection of six electrostatic models was constructed, and the term electrostatic model was used to refer to (1) a set of atomic charge densities, each unable to deform with conformation; and (2) a rule for estimating the electrostatic interaction energy between a pair of atomic charge densities. In addition to two partial charge and three multipole electrostatic models, this collection includes one extremely detailed model, which we refer to as nonspherical CPK. For each of these six electrostatic models, parameters - in the form of partial charges, atomic multipoles, or generalized atomic densities - were calculated from the HF/6-31G* wave functions whose energies define the ab initio energy surface. This calculation of parameters was complicated by a problem that was found to originate from the locking in of a set of atomic charge densities, each of which contains a small polarization-induced deformation from its idealized unpolarized state. It was observed that the collective contribution of these small polarization-induced deformations to electrostatic energy differences between conformations can become large relative to ab initio energy differences between conformations. For each of the six electrostatic models, this contribution was reduced by an averaging of atomic charge densities (or electrostatic energy surfaces) over a large collection of conformations. The ab initio energy surface was used as a target with respect to which relative accuracies were determined for the six electrostatic models. A collection of 42 more complete molecular mechanics models was created by combining each of our six electrostatic models with a collection of seven models of repulsion + dispersion + intrinsic torsional energy, chosen to provide a representative sample of functional forms and parameter sets. A measure of distance was defined between model and ab initio energy surfaces; and distances were calculated for each of our 42 molecular mechanics models. For most of our 12 standard molecular mechanics models, the average error between model and ab initio energy surfaces is greater than 1.5 kcal/mol. This error is decreased by (1) careful treatment of the nonspherical nature of atomic charge densities, and (2) accurate representation of electrostatic interaction energies of types 1 - 2 and 1 - 3. This result suggests an electrostatic origin for at least part of the error between standard model and ab initio energy surfaces. Given the range of functional forms that is used by the current generation of protein potential functions, these errors cannot be corrected by compensating for errors in other energy components. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The positions and orientations of water molecules in violuric acid crystals have been determined with the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. The interaction potentials between water and violuric acid needed in the simulation have been developed using ab initio calculations corrected for the basis set superposition error with the C.P. technique and fitted to atom-atom pairwise potentials. The agreement between experimental data and simulation results is good, proving that the interaction potentials can be used with confidence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO computations using a minimal basis set have been carried out on the acetylcholine ion in different conformations. The rotational barrier around the C9-C8-O1-C2 dihedral angle (τ1) has been also calculated: the curve presents a broad minimum. SCF calculations have been carried out on the system Ach-water at 468 different separations and/or orientations; the interaction energies were then fitted to a pair potential function used in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of Ach water solution. The rdfs indicate a global first hydration shell with about 38 waters. Details about the hydration shell are presented. The overall MC results indicate that for the Ach ion in water solution at room temperature relative free rotation is possible around τ1, and that Ach is well represented as a large positively charged hydrated globe with a small mobile tail free of strong interactions with the surrounding water molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 18-24 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article examines the numerical estimation of molecular surface areas within the model of overlapping atomic spheres. One has the choice of either basing the estimate on all elements that contribute to the surface, or of ignoring systematically some elements in the interatomic clefts. It is argued that the second choice, even though more approximate, implicitly improves on the model and is to be preferred. Since surface areas are not measurable, the demonstration is unavoidably roundabout, relying mostly on correlation analysis. Among the regressors occur two compounded parameters. One, ratio of the surface area of the equivalent sphere to the surface area, is interpreted as a measure of molecular globularity. It reflects the molecular axis-ratio and surface convolution. The other, ratio of the surface area to the volume, is interpreted as a measure of the global congestion of a chemical residue. Together with a measure of the local congestion at the point of attachment, it affects the steric hindrance that a residue offers. The relation between the surface area and the number of valence electrons is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The multidimensional potential energy surface for a soluble analog of a chiral phase is computed with MM2 and MNDO. Minimum energy conformations are located. The minimum energy reaction pathway between these forms is located, and the templating ability of these phases is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The conjugated system (E)-tiglaldoxime is the simplest example of a perillartine analog which exhibits sweetness with a taste potency greater than sucrose with almost no bitter aftertaste. In previous studies, the structure of this biologically active compound has been assumed to be planar with the C=C double bond trans to the C=N bond of the oxime moiety. In this article a conformational analysis of this molecule is reported. The results indicate that, although the trans conformer of the planar molecule is indeed the global minimum, other conformers lie within a few kilocalories of this minimum. Hence, other accessible conformations may be available for interaction with the receptor and, therefore, may be biologically active. The structural parameters obtained for this conjugated syn-oxime are nearly identical to those of (E)-acetaldoxime. This fact has implications for the transferability of these parameters to the more complicated perillartine analogs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 80-90 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: In an earlier article8 the need was demonstrated for atomic physicochemical properties for three dimensional structure directed quantitative structure-activity relationships, and it was shown how atomic parameters can be developed for successfully evaluating the molecular octanol-water partition coefficient, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. In this work we report more refined atomic values of octanol-water partition coefficients derived from nearly twice the number of compounds. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens are divided into 110 atom types of which 94 atomic values are evaluated from 830 molecules by least squares. These values gave a standard deviation of 0.470 and a correlation coefficient of 0.931. These parameters predicted the octanol-water partition coefficient of 125 compounds with a standard deviation of 0.520 and a correlation coefficient of 0.870. There is only a correlation coefficient of 0.432 between the atomic octanol-water partition coefficients and the atomic contributions to molar refractivity over the 93 atom types used for both the properties. This suggests that both parameters can be used simultaneously to model intermolecular interactions. We evaluated the CNDO/2 gross atomic charge distribution over several molecules to check the validity of our classification. We found that the charge density on the heteroatoms in conjugated systems is strongly affected by the presence of similar atoms in the conjugation which suggests it should be incorporated as a separate parameter in evaluating the partition coefficient.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 91-91 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 107-110 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article is concerned with the improvement of convergence of the iterative procedure for solving the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan equations by the dynamic “level shift” method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 95-106 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Vibrational transition dipole moments and absorption band intensities for the ground state of formaldehyde, including the deuterated isotopic forms, are calculated. The analysis is based on ab initio SCF and CI potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. The formalism derives from second-order perturbation theory and involves the expansion of the dipole moment in terms of normal coordinates, as well as the incorporation of point group symmetry in the selection of the dipole moment components for the allowed transitions. Dipole moment expansion coefficients for the three molecule-fixed Cartesian coordinates of formaldehyde are calculated for internal and normal coordinate representations. Transition dipole moments and absorption band intensities of the fundamental, first overtone, combination, and second overtone transitions are reported. The calculated intensities and dipole moment derivatives are compared to experiment and discussed in the context of molecular orbital and bond polarization theory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 111-124 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular mechanics methods are applied to the study of neutral molecule complexation with crown ethers. Protocols for the development of parameters necessary to describe these molecule-molecule interactions are presented. Application of these methods to the study of 1:1 and 2:1 (guest:host) complexation between acetonitrile (1), nitromethane (2), malononitrile (3) and dimethylsulfone (4) reveals positive cooperativity in formation of the 2:1 complexes in isolation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Intermediate water structures in a solution of Nα-acetyl-N-methylphenylalaninamide[Phe(amide)2] were investigated by the energy minimization method. The results show that ninety-eight water molecules hydrate Phe(amide)2 and several kinds of cyclic structures are observed. The distribution of water molecules around Phe(amide)2 agrees with the results of molecular dynamics and monte carlo studies. The distribution of cyclic structures shows that the six-membered ones are distributed mainly at the outside of the first hydration shell.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 133-147 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We present here a protocol for the determination of oligosaccharide solution conformation from a combination of molecular mechanics calculations and NMR distance constraints treated as pseudoenergies. As an illustration of our methodology we have chosen the determination of the solution conformation of the tetrasaccharide headgroup of the glycolipid globoside. In order to test the ability of our methodology to avoid becoming trapped in local minima, we have chosen three starting structures, well displaced from one another in conformational space. The structures obtained upon convergence of the calculations with distance constraint pseudoenergies were quite similar to one another. For two of the three glycosidic linkages in globoside, the results from the calculations were virtually identical for each of the three starting structures. We also apply our protocol to a model which allows for the existence of multiple conformers in an effort to explore the possibility of conformational flexibility in the oligosaccharide headgroup of globoside.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 148-157 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Compression of two-electron integral data is used to reduce integral storage and I/O requirements with FPS M64 Series (formerly FPS-X64) processors. Schemes are developed and implemented in assembly language to compress floating-point values to a fixed-point accuracy, and unsigned integer numbers. The floating-point scheme stores only the significant bits of the mantissa and a short, biased exponent. The unsigned integers are packed into fixed-length fields just long enough to hold the largest value. The packing procedures are tested on FPS-164 and FPS-264 processors (since renamed M64/145 and M64/60 by FPS) and incorporated into HONDO to compress two-electron integral files. Reduction factors of 0.2-0.4 are obtained for floating-point compression and 0.3-0.5 for index packing, with typical overall factors around one-third. The advantages of improved I/O and storage efficiency are accompanied by a small increase in processor time to perform the packing and unpacking. Timing changes for HONDO are presented, and both packing schemes dramatically reduce SCF elapsed times with FPS-264 processors. It is concluded that compression effectively extends external storage capacities, improves I/O efficiency, and can reduce the elapsed time of I/O bound calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 161
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 158-170 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We report herein, the implementation of a second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) program on the IBM LCAP parallel supercomputers. The LCAP systems comprise IBM 308X hosts and 10 FPS-X64 attached processing units (APs). The APs are interconnected by a 512 Mbyte shared memory which allows rapid interprocessor communication. All the computationally demanding steps of the MP2 procedure execute efficiently in parallel. Parallel computation of two-electron integrals is accomplished by distributing the loop over shell blocks among the APs. Parallel Fock matrix formation is achieved by having each AP evaluate the contribution of its own integral sublist to the total Fock matrix. The contributions are added together on the host, and the sum diagonalized either on the host or on a single AP. The parallel implementations of the integral transformation and the MP2 calculation are less straightforward. In each case, the use of the shared memory is essential for an efficient implementation. Details of the implementations and performance data are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 188-188 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 171-187 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A method is presented for the rigorous computation of the electric potential of molecules of arbitrary shape, under the assumption of continuous linear dielectric media. The computational technique involves finding the distribution of induced polarization charge on the molecular surface, and proceeds by an application of the method of boundary elements. The surface, which separates the molecular interior (of low dielectric constant) from the highly polar solvent, is given a piece-wise analytic representation as a collection of curvilinear elements. Given a set of internal fixed charges, the distribution of polarization-charge is found as a continuous function over the surface elements, and the electric potential (including all polarization effects) is then easily computed at any point. The method is applied to a spherical interface, and to several small molecules of biological interest, including a hexapeptide. The resulting potentials show good convergence in all cases. The future application of the method to macromolecules is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An efficient algorithm for solving eigenvalue problems of type HC = SCe or FC = SCe is described. This algorithm is generally faster than conventional algorithms. That is to say, this algorithm is more than 1.8 times faster than Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and about 8 times faster than Löwdin's S-1/2 method. This algorithm is beneficial for large molecules and molecules having a high degree of symmetry. In addition, this algorithm is more compact than conventional algorithms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: YETI, an interactive molecular mechanics program for drug-design applications on small-molecule protein complexes, is described. To model short-range interactions in better agreement with experimental data, its force-field energy expression includes directional potential functions for H-bonds, salt linkages, and metal ligand interactions. The program works on an internal coordinate concept and uses a conjugate-gradient minimizer. YETI is available for distribution through the author. The program has been used to model details of small-molecule binding to the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase I. The impact of the directional potential functions on the geometry of H-bonds and metal-ligand interactions is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 244-256 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A previously published scheme for the calculation of partial atomic charges has been extended to include silicon, and has been parameterized for a range of Si—X bonds (X=C,H,O,F,Cl,Br). For the silicon-halogen and silicon-oxygen bonds, a comparison is made between charges calculated with and without the inclusion of π-bonding. An extensive data set consisting of experimental geometries and dipole moments for the silicon compounds considered is presented and this leads to the selection of standard Si—X bond lengths. The calculated dipole moments for the above compounds are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally only when the π charges are included. A comparison has also been made between the partial charges from this scheme and those obtained from computational methods using the Mulliken population analysis. There is considerable disagreement between the methods. Finally, the implications of the charges and structural data are considered in terms of application to zeolite systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 441-441 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 406-415 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A computer code based on the Givens-Householder matrix diagonalization method is used to calculate the spectra of graphs containing a large number of vertices. The code is most general in that it can handle graphs containing 200 or more vertices. Further, the code can be used to generate the spectra of weighted graphs. The program requires as input only the neighborhood table of the graph. The spectra of many graphs are generated for the first time in less than a few minutes of computer time. Applications to a number of chemical systems including two forms (foot and hand) of the recently synthesized C60 cluster and the effect of bond alternation on these systems are discussed. In addition, the spectra of square and honeycomb lattices and the characteristic polynomials of the foot and hand forms of the C60 cluster are obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 441-441 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 424-440 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The PEOE (partial equalization of orbital electronegativity) procedure has been modified slightly and reparametrized for haloalkanes to calculate partial atomic charges suitable for evaluation of dipole moments and electrostatic energies in conjunction with molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations. Dipole moments of 66 haloalkanes are calculated with an average absolute deviation of 0.14 D from experimental values. The conformational energies of 40 compounds have been calculated and the agreement with experimental data is generally good and compares well with calculations by the IDME (induced dipole moment and energy) method. In addition, carbon and proton charges correlate well with C-1s core binding energies and 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) shifts for halomethanes. The most striking benefit of treating electrostatics through a set of partial charges compared to the standard MM2 bond dipole approach is demonstrated by calculations on 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes, for which standard MM2 fails to predict the most stable conformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 455-459 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An algorithm for finding rings in graphs is presented. The algorithm is based on the Welch-Assembly-Gibbs algorithm of Wipke and Dyott but using the homeomorphically reduced pruned graph (the extension of HRG of Balaban et al). The algorithm is able to generate both the fundamental set of rings and all possible rings in a given graph. The time and storage needs are superior to both underlying algorithms. The CPU times of the old and new algorithms are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 564-577 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The four isomers of Si6 H6, hexasilabenzene (1), hexasilaprismane (2), hexasila-Dewar benzene (3), and tris-(disilanediyl) (4), have been investigated, using highly correlated wavefunctions in conjunction with a local pseudopotential approach. At the Hartree-Fock level 1 (D6h), 2 (D3h), and 3 (C2v) are established as minima by means of the harmonic vibrational frequencies. Inclusion of the most important correlation corrections via CI however, provokes a significant puckering of 1 resulting in a D3d structure, 7.1 kJ/mol below the planar conformer. The detailed analysis shows unambiguously that the propensity to puckering is due solely to the correlation contributions from the σ framework while correlation of the π electrons is of little relevance. Isomer 2 turns out to be the most stable of the investigated isomers lying 41 kJ/mol below 1 (D3d). Isomers 3 and 4 are more than 100 kJ/mol higher in energy. The Si—Si bond energies of 1 and 2 are determined as 251 and 176 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 591-595 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Hydrogen bonding is qualitatively accounted for in the early versions of the MM2 program, but not quantitatively. Experimentally, the hydrogen bonds are somewhat shorter and stronger than calculated by MM2. This has been corrected now in MM2(87), by reducing the van der Waals radius of the hydrogen involved in hydrogen bonding for that interaction only, and by increasing the van der Waals' attraction between the hydrogen and the various electronegative atoms to which it can hydrogen bond by about 1-3 kcal/mol, depending on the particular atoms involved. It is now possible to reproduce reasonably well ab initio calculations on simple amides and the methanol dimer, and experimental data on compounds in which a hydroxyl hydrogen is hydrogen bonded to an alcohol, an alkyl chloride, or to a carbon-carbon double bond.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 596-599 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: By use of rotation angle method a direct algorithm is derived, which determines the least-squares superposition that matches two sets of atomic coordinates. The program based on this algorithm runs fast. The solution obtained by this algorithm cannot be trapped by any local minimum. Testing examples are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 581-590 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Hartree-Fock valence calculations have been used to study small ZnxSy, (x,y = 1-13), clusters. The aim was to develop surface models for chemisorption processes on zinc sulfide. The calculations show that proper models should have closed ring systems with x = y. The description of the adsorption site is not very critical to the size of the cluster. The coordination to the nearest neighbors is more critical and must be described accurately. The electronic structure was shown to be localized and a minimal basis set treatment gives a qualitative picture of energy and electronic structure trends. Zinc chloride is calculated to chemisorb to a surface sulfur atom with an adsorption energy of 395 to 570 kJ/mol depending on the size of the surface model and on the basis set of the valence orbitals. The adsorption geometry is found bent and virtually independent on the modelling parameters. The calculations predict free rotation of the adsorbate. The study suggests that calculations even at the simplest level are sufficient to give a qualitative picture of the zinc chloride adsorption on zinc sulfide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 600-603 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio calculations employing a standard double-zeta basis set augmented with various polarization functions have been used to investigate the lowest energy region of the ground-state potential energy surface of the formamide molecule. Hartree-Fock calculations with only d polarization functions on the nonhydrogen atoms located two stable minima, that with geometry distorted from planarity having slightly lower energy; only one stable minimum with planar structure is found when p polarization functions on the hydrogens are included. In contrast optimizations, which account approximately for the correlation energy using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory consistently favor a single slightly nonplanar minimum energy geometry.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 604-607 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article describes the numerical application of projection operators to restore the symmetry of molecular orbitals in self-consistent field (SCF) calculations when the symmetry is lost because of degeneracy or near degeneracy. The application of projection operators is particularly useful in cases of near degeneracies of three or more molecular orbitals, where it is difficult to find an effective algorithm for restoring the symmetry of molecular orbitals by orthonormal transformations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 608-619 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The study of the qualitative and quantitative product distribution in a chemical reaction, in particular regioselectivity, is of fundamental importance. Recently, it has been shown that the regioselectivity of some Diels-Alder cycloadditions can be explained by analyzing the interrelations between electron density contours and molecular electrostatic potentials. This problem is related to a central topic of modern theoretical chemistry and biochemistry: the analysis of molecular shape. This work deals with a rigorous, algebraic method to analyze these surfaces. The procedure is based on the computation of the shape groups (symmetry-independent homology groups of algebraic topology) of the molecular surface, using either a fully analytical algorithm requiring no visual inspection, or a precise method for processing pictorial information if the latter is available. The method provides a concise description of the molecular contour surface, that can replace the usually intuitive, and somewhat subjective, visual characterization of density and electrostatic potential contours. The method is illustrated for the case of Diels-Alder reactions by considering a number of monosubstituted dienes. Extensions of the analysis to dienophiles, as well as other types of reactions are also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 627-635 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A new program named JASON2 for ab initio MCSCF calculations with large basis sets has been developed. In this program, the density-formulated super-CI CASSCF method proposed by Roos et al. was adopted in order to overcome difficult problems caused by large basis sets. The sparsity of integrals and vectorization on supercomputers were utilized as much as possible. With JASON2, we performed CASSCF calculations on a Fe-porphine complex with 232 CGTFs (contracted Gaussian-type functions). Our algorithms and timing data of the above calculations are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 40-50 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: SINDO1 calculations are presented for ground state geometries, heats of formation, ionization potentials and dipole moments. These calculations are based on a new parametrization of SINDO1 for second-row elements which features inclusion of 3d orbitals and zero point energies. The comparison shows an improvement over MNDO, especially for hypervalent phosphorus compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: SINDO1 calculations are presented for ground state geometries, heats of formation, ionization potentials and dipole moments of silicon, aluminum and magnesium compounds. These calculations are based on a new parametrization of SINDO1 for second-row elements. Important features are the inclusion of 3d orbitals and the explicit evaluation of zero point energies. A comparison with MNDO data is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 25-39 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular structures of 26 organosilicon compounds have been optimized using ab initio calculations at the 3-21G* (modified) level. From these optimized structures, the internal coordinates have been deformed and the variation of the total molecular energy has been studied. Parameters for stretching and bending deformations are reported herein. The bending potential for the Si—O—Si bond which has an unusual flexibility is also included. Nonbonding interactions are described in terms of steric and electrostatic potentials. For systems which do not include bond resonance effects, torsional behavior is well described by steric potentials with van der Waals radii 20% larger than the previous values and simple electrostatic potential (monopole-monopole) with net atomic charges obtained from ab initio or Extended Huckel Theory calculations. The nonbonding potentials, as defined in this study, have an advantage in that they allow for the computation of torsional barriers without torsional potentials, in the case of single bonds where no additional electronic effects interfere. As an example, it is shown that no torsional potentials are necessary to estimate the torsional barriers in the case of ethane. The newly defined potentials are used to study the torsional barrier in hexamethyldisiloxane and the conformation of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). The most stable calculated conformation of D4, coincides with the experimentally determined structure. This study shows that the most stable conformation is determined by the steric repulsion of methyl groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: It is shown how standard computer programs for calculating the equilibrium geometry of a molecule may be adapted to yield floating functions. These functions satisfy the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and so lead to simple electrostatic interpretations of intramolecular forces and vibrations. The theory is illustrated by detailed calculations for the water molecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 200-203 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The effect of scaling the molecular velocities to a fixed total energy in molecular dynamics simulations within the (N,V,E) ensemble has been investigated. The effect of using different time steps is also discussed. It is found that, even for small time steps, velocity scaling has a substantial influence on the resulting molecular trajectories, velocities, and forces. Furthermore, velocity rescaling and larger time step seem to have an additive effect on the calculated trajectories, but not on the average thermodynamic properties, such as temperature, pressure, and energy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A model is proposed which assumes that the pseudorotational potential in five-membered rings is given by the combination of contributions from the unsubstituted ring, from the individual substituents and from interactions between pairs of substituents. The application of this model to the potentials calculated by the MM2 force field for the cis and trans-2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran shows that the contributions from the individual substituents explain the main features of the potentials of these disubstituted rings. The pseudorotational analysis from vicinal proton spin-spin coupling constants 3JHH confirms the realibility of the MM2 potentials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The computer code developed previously (K. Balasubramanian, J. Computational Chem., 5, 387 (1984)) for the characteristic polynomials of ordinary (nonweighted) graphs is extended in this investigation to edge-weighted graphs, heterographs (vertex-weighted), graphs with loops, directed graphs, and signed graphs. This extension leads to a number of important applications of this code to several areas such as chemical kinetics, statistical mechanics, quantum chemistry of polymers, and unsaturated systems containing heteroatoms which include bond alternation. The characteristic polynomials of several edgeweighted graphs which may represent conjugated systems with bond alternations, heterographs (molecules with heteroatoms), directed graphs (chemical reaction network), and signed graphs and lattices are obtained for the first time.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 212-221 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The conformational potential energy surface as a function of the two internal torsion angles in C-nitrosomethanol has been obtained using the semiempirical AM1 method. Optimized geometries are reported for the local minima on this surface and also for the corresponding points on the HF/6-31G, 6-31G*, and 6-31G** surfaces. All methods predict cis and trans minima which occur in degenerate pairs, each pair being connected by a transition state of Cs symmetry. The AM1 structures are found to compare well with the corresponding ab initio structures. Ab initio HF/6-31G and HF/6-31G* harmonic vibrational frequencies are reported for the cis and trans forms of nitrosomethanol. When scaled appropriately the calculated frequencies are found to compare well with experimental frequencies. The ab initio calculations predict the energy barrier for cis → trans isomerization to be between 5.8 and 6.5 kcal/mol with the trans → cis isomerization barrier lying between 2.3 and 6.5 kcal/mol. The corresponding AM1 energy barriers are around 1 kcal/mol lower in energy. The ab initio calculations predict the barrier to conversion between the two cis rotamers to be very small with the AM1 value being around 1 kcal/mol. Both AM1 and ab initio calculations predict interconversion between trans rotamers to require between 1.2 and 1.4 kcal/mol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 222-231 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An algorithm to solve the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation based on the finite-element method is proposed. In our scheme, the molecular Hamiltonian with any arbitrary internal coordinate system can be solved as easily as with the Cartesian coordinate system. The efficient computer program based on the algorithm was developed on the HITAC S-810 supercomputer. The performance of the program is examined in the following test problems; (1) free particle in a box, (2) linear triatomic molecule with two equal force constants, (3) coupled Morse oscillators, (4) Henon-Heiles potential, (5) H3O+ symmetric vibrational modes. The algorithm is demonstrated to be very suited for the vector-type supercomputer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 193
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: In this article we describe a novel approach to the application of graph theory in structure-activity relationship studies. An information-theoretical topological index for the vertices of a molecular graph has been used for the qualitative evaluation of the mutagenic activity of a series of nonfused ring aromatic compounds. The use of a vertex index contrasts with the conventional approach of using a topological index for the entire molecule. The idea is to identify regions, or substructures in the molecules (molecular graphs) which may be used to determine certain biological activity of chemical compounds. The results obtained in this paper indicate that the present approach is capable of classifying the mutagenic activity of the compounds under consideration and may find useful application in structure-activity relationship studies of diverse bioactive compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 194
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations at the 6-31G*//3-21G level of theory are reported for bicyclo[2.2.2]-2,5,7-octatriene (barrelene), 1, bicyclo[2.2.2]-2,5-octadiene, 2, bicyclo[2.2.2]-2-octene, 3, and bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane, 4. The stepwise heats of hydrogenation of 1 were found to be 38.1, 31.8, and 28.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The unusually large heat of hydrogenation for the first double bond is attributed to the destabilizing electronic effects involving the interaction of the three double bonds of 1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 288-297 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A general method for calculating pi charges based on the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) approach is incorporated into an existing scheme for calculating partial atomic charges in saturated systems. The parametrization of the Hückel coulomb and resonance integrals is given based on (a) the CNDO pi densities and (b) the observed molecular dipole moments. The results for these two schemes are compared both with other theoretical methods and also with the observed dipole moments of a variety of conjugated and aromatic compounds. The dipole moment (DM) parametrization gives in general more consistent results and is to be preferred. The compounds studied include substituted olefins and aromatics (with substituents R, F, Cl, Br, I, OR), aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amides, and the heterocyclic ring systems of furan, pyrrole, pyridine, and indole.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An algorithm for the recognition of all isomorphisms for any pair of labeled graphs as well as for generation of the graph group is described. Some results obtained with computer realization of the suggested algorithm are briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We present a numerical method for calculating the electrostatic potential of molecules in solution, using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The emphasis in this work is on applications to biological macromolecules. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparisons with analytic solutions for the case of a single charge in a dielectric sphere (Tanford-Kirkwood theory), which serves as a model for a macromolecule. We find that the solutions are generally accurate to within 5%. Larger errors occur close to the charge and the dielectric boundary, but the maximum error found at ion-bonding distance (3 Å) from a charge close to the boundary (1 Å deep) is only ∼15%. Several algorithmic improvements, described here, contribute to the accuracy of the method. The programs involved compose a coherent software package, called Del Phi, which goes from a Brookhaven Protein Data Bank format file to calculated electrostatic fields.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 465-475 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A branching point is a point on a reaction path leading from reactants to products (via a transition state) at which it is energetically favorable for the system to break symmetry. Such a point can be defined in terms of normal modes along the reaction path and corresponds to zero curvature (a zero Hessian eigenvalue) along a symmetry-breaking mode. An effective method for the location of such points is presented and realized in an efficient, practical algorithm designed for use in the ab initio program package Gaussian 82.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations at the 6-31G*//6-31G* and MP3/6-31G*//6-31G* levels of theory are reported for propylamine. All ten stationary points needed in a description of the rotation around the C1-C2 bond have been located on the 6-31G* surface and each of these points has been examined at the MP3 level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 476-487 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Electrical interactions between molecules are important effects in weak and long-range attractions. With quantum mechanical techniques now capable of yielding values of all multipole polarizabilities, hyperpolariabilities, and beyond, exhaustive treatment of electrical interaction is no longer out of the question. An efficient computational strategy is presented for the evaluation of electrical interaction energies to any desired level for small, medium, and large (ca. 100 molecules) clusters. With incorporation of repulsive, hard-wall potentials, global surfaces may be examined. Example calculations are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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