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  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969  (360)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1965  (360)
  • Chemical Engineering  (301)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (59)
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Material
Years
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969  (360)
  • 1890-1899
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxyluminescence of polymers III. Effects of oxidation and structure; Mechanisms involved (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 246-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of polypropylene oxyluminescence show the luminous intensity to be dependent upon the degre of oxidation. The length of the low intensity level portion of the luninescence curve, or pseudo induction period, was found to be a measure of the useful stabilizer life, and the intensity of this portion indicative of the effectiveness of stabilization. The effect of peroxide decomposers was studied and results indicate that peroxide reactions are major producers of luminescence. Analysis of the accepted modes of polymer oxidation, in view of our luminescence findings, indicate that the rate of luminescence buildup should depend upon ease of R. formation and the luminous intensity should be dependent on peroxy radical concentration. The effect of tertiary-carbon content on luminescence was also investigated, and luminous intensity was found to be dependent upon the amount of polymer branching. Model Compounds having slight structural variations were examined and were found to produce different intensity-time curves during oxidation, which may be attributed to ease of formation of a reactive site and subsequent peroxy radical reactions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050407
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of thiazole polymers for thermally stable plastics (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sixteen polymers containing thiazole and aromatic rings in the polymer chain were prepared and investigated for the production of fibers and films that would be useful up to about 500°C. None of these polymers was completely satisfactory. Some of the polymers gave tough fibers and films, but they had relatively low melting points (〈300°C). Other polymers did not melt below 500°C, but they did not have good fiber and film forming properties because of their low molecular weights. Fibers and films of one of the polymers (polytetramethylenephenylenethiazole) were prepared, and their physical properties, hydrolytic stabilites under acid and alkaline conditions, and resistence to ultraviolet and gamma radiations were determined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxiliary stabilizers for plasticized polyvinyl chloride (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: More than seventy materials were examined for their ability to improve the performance of DTDP plasticized PVC wire formulation in a modified 105°C wire oven aging test. Twenty of these were as effective as the widely used Bisphenol A, four of which were effective at a lower concentration.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface tension of polyethylene (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 5-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Extrapolation from data on low molecular weight n-alkanes indicates that the surface tension of polyethylene at 150°C is 26 dynes/cm. The total surface energy, γ  -  Tdγ/dT, is 51 dynes/cm and is much less dependent on chain length. The surface tension of polyethylene extrapolated to 20°C is 34 dynes/cm, consistent with the critical surface tension below which liquids will wet the polymer. The total surface energy is in reasonable accord with the incremental energy of vaporization, 1.029 kcal/mole of CH2 groups. The surface entropy is less than that of low molecular substances. This is attributed to a reduction in the opportunities for rotational isomerism at the surface.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitional phenomena in α-polyolefin melts (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A first order transition was observed in the temperature range of about 210°C by dilatometric studies on both isotactic and atactic polypropylene and for isotactic poly (butene-1) and poly (pentene-1). No such transition was observed for polyethylene. It was found that the transition is not due to the measurements per se, to polymer treatment, to catalyst residues, or to polymer degradation. It is suggested that the transition could be due to the disappearance of liquid crystals.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt viscosity - temperature dependence of some low density polyethylenes (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 34-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melt viscosities of three low density polyethylenes of widely varying melt indices were studied as a function of temperature over a broad range of shear rates and shear stresses. Apparent viscosities at constant shear stress could be fitted adequately to a simple Arrhenius equation over the entire temperature range studied. However, pronounced curvature of the log ηa-1/T curves was observed for apparent viscosities at constant shear rate. The apparent activation energies for viscous flow at constant shear stress were found to decrease slowly with increasing shear stress and also to decrease with decreasing molecular weight. A temperature-shear rate superposition was demonstrated to hold, and the shift factor dependence on temperature was determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 2-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nuclear radiation on the thermal conductivity of polyethyleneSupported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation. (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal conductivity curves for the 0°C to 170°C temperature region are presented for six irradiated low density polyethylene samples (radiation doses from 0 to 3100 megarads) and one irradiated high density sample (120 megarad dose). In agreement with data in the literature for unirradiated polyethylene, the thermal conductivity values for lightly irradiated polyethylene are found to decrease with increasing temperature in the elevated temperature region where the crystallites begin to melt. Beyond the crystalline melting point, test results for lightly irradiated and crosslinked samples indicate that the thermal conductivity is almost independent of temperature. Although radiation doses of less than 250 megarads produce only small changes in the thermal conductivity, higher radiation doses result in a significant lowering of the conductivity in the room temperature region and an increase of the conductivity at temperatures above the melting point. The decrease in conductivity at low temperatures is considered to be a result of disordering of the crystallites by the radiation, and the increase above the melting point is attributed primarily to radiation induced crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of unsaturated materials (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Unsaturated polymers thermally degrade by a number of different mechanisms depending on the structure of the polymer and the experimental conditions. By use of deuterium tagging it was shown that polyisobutylene degrades stepwise from the end by a cyclic unimolecular mechanism. Volatile products from isotactic polypropylene contained 75% propane at 340°, 64% n-pentane at 375° and 49% propylene plus 12% isobutylene at 495°. Polyethylene was shown to give mostly propylene at lower temperatures but gave a 60% yield of ethylene at 600°.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 118-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050302
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent effects in plastic materials (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050306
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between structure and mechanical properties of polyolefins (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 142-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recent studies of the morphology of semicrystalline polymers have demonstrated the inadequacy of the familiar fringed micelle concept. It is now generally recognized that polyolefins crystallize in a spherulitic form having a skeletal structure of coherent crystals with a fibrous habit. Crystallization occurs in two stages: (1) spherulitic growth of crystalline lamellae, and (2) partial crystallization of residual melt in regions between lamellae. The dependence of modulus on degree of crystallinity in polyethylene indicates that the crystalline network carries much of the elastic energy acquired when the plastic is subjected to stress. Two of the mechanical transitions are also related to morphological structure. The high temperature or α transition is attributed to motion within lamellae while the intermediate or β transition is attributed to motion in disordered regions between lamellae.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050310
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering of polyolefins under stress (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 148-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many plastic articles when exposed outdoors deteriorate first at points of highest stress. Consequently, weathering of polyolefins under stress speeds the deterioration and hence the evaluation of ultraviolet stabilizers used to retard it. Cracking of the stressed polyolefin specimens denotes failure and is a direct measure of the minimum useful outdoor lifetime of the materials, whereas in other methods the change in some property, such as elongation, is used to predict the useful lifetime. In this work, the results of nine years of natural and artificial weathering illustrate the usefulness of the stresscracking method for evaluating polyethylene and polypropylene compositions. The evaluation of compositions by this method was found to correlate with that made by measuring the loss of elongation during outdoor weathering.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050311
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture topography of brittle polymers (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fracture surfaces record the kinetics of failure at two levels in the structure of polymeric solids. The first is evidenced by the formation of geometric markings resulting from the interaction of the primary fracture front with secondary fractures developing radially just ahead of the primary fracture. These markings are often visible to the unaided eye and have minimal dimensions in the micron range. The second fracture phenomenon appears to involve the orientation of molecular chains or bundles. Such orientation manifests itself in the interference-color producing film found on the fracture surfaces of poly (methylmethacrylate) and polystyrene. It is also apparent in the free or adherent film found on the surfaces of large fractured crazes. Some evidence is presented for the existence in these films of chain bundles 30A or less in diameter. It would seem that similar mechanisms are operating in the production of “craze matter” and of fracture surface films.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050313
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering of epoxy resins systems (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article presents data on outdoor weathering of unfilled epoxy resins. The data have been accumulated after five years of weathering. The anhydride cured epoxy resin system was least affected by outdoor exposure. In addition, systems with higher deflection temperatures were more resistant to attack by outdoor exposure than those of lower deflection temperatures. It was also evident that heat curing is better than curing at room temperature. Hardness, for all systems, decreased with exposure time. Microscopic examination of the exposed systems showed that surface change closely correlated with changes obtained in the mechanical and electrical properties tested in this program. Systems showing the greatest change also had the worst surface appearance.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050314
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Dynamic mechanical properties of polymers‥ a review” (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There has been a marked increase in the interest shown in the field of characterization of polymeric materials via dynamic techniques, so much so that symposia devoted exclusively to “dynamic” properties of materials are now commonplace (1, 2). This article provides both a frame of reference with regard to the wide variety of “dynamic” test techniques now in use, and…as well…dynamic test data for a wide range of polymers. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the difference in function of varying test techniques and the applicability of data obtained for specific R & D vs engineering applications. For the purposes of the presentation an arbitrary distinction will be made between “dynamic” tests of the cyclic type and “dynamic” tests of the unidirectional type.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050315
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate dependent response of modified polystyrene to multiaxial loading (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The balance of engineering properties of rubber-modified polystyrene make it attractive for many applications, but it is difficult for the design engineer to relate laboratory data to service requirements because of differences in strain rates, temperatures, etc. Data are presented which show how the toughness and stiffness of an appliance-grade, impact polystyrene vary with impact velocity (or loading rate), temperature, fabrication method, and pigment level. The ability to survive multi-axial impact loads is strongly dependent on loading rate; a maximum in energy-absorbing ability was observed in the range 500-2000 in./in./min, where the failure mechanism changed from ductile to brittle.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050317
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent aspects of the uncatalyzed thermal oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The authors previously reported work on the kinetics and mechanism of the uncatalyzed thermal oxidation of isotactic polypropylene. The data, obtained form infrared absorption spectra of the carbonyl region, was utilized in developing the theoretical expressions presented. This paper summarizes this work and presents further evidence which substantiates the derived expressions. The additional evidence is obtained from infrared absorption spectra involving the apparent hydroperoxy region and from measurements on the rate of formation of volatile products. Some recent pertinent literature is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050316
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of time effects in solid polymeric systems (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The time-dependent mechanical behavior of solid polymers can be classified into linear viscoelastic, nonlinear viscoelastic and rheological types. The linear viscoelastic theory has now been worked out in detail, and applies with particular success to amorphous polymers above their glass transition temperature. Examples of systems falling outside this category are principally discussed, including glassy, composite, and crystalline materials. These systems are characterized by the fact that structure and structural changes are playing a major role in the mechanical behavior. Specific theories must be developed in the future which adequately treat this type of behavior.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050318
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene in a closed system. Effect of the nature of the surface of the reaction vessel wall (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 200-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene has been investigated in a closed system as a function of the nature of the surface of the reaction vessel wall. Reproducible results cannot be obtained in a stainless steel vessel as metal fluoride is continuously formed and a stable fluoride is not formed on the wall. Quartz spoon reaction vessels coated with calcium fluoride give a few reproducible runs, before the coating has to be renewed. If the dimerization of the monomer, which takes place very rapidly around 600°C, is considered, first order rates are obtained up to about 75% monomer formation. The kinetics is briefly discussed on the basis of random initiation followed by depropagation with a relatively short kinetic chain length and disproportionation as termination reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050320
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles of polymer stability (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 204-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are essentially two ways to arrive at high softening polymers: crystallization and cross linking. The first approach leads to thermoplastic materials which have a more or less sharp and reversible melting point; the second produces three dimensional unmeltable networks which are thermosetting and can support very high temperatures without degradation. Factors which affect the mechanical behavior of a polymer exposed to high temperatures are degradation and cross linking. The first process is caused by scission of the chain molecules. The second process, cross linking, ties individual polymer chains into a rigid network, increases the molecular weight and leads to a very hard, brittle product which can neither be melted nor dissolved. The stability of a polymer against oxidation is always improved by the addition of an oxygen scavenger which reacts with oxygen in preference to the polymer and also by the addition of a UV absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050321
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep experiments and examples for viscoelastic material under combined stress with abrupt changes in state of stress (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep experiments under combined tension and torsion loading are reported for tubular specimens of polyvinyl chloride copolymer. Experiments include a sequence of several combinations of tension and torsion on each specimen with abrupt changes between combinations, including reversal of sense of torsion, recovery and reloading after recovery.Results show a strong path and time dependence for the strain and for the direction of the strain-rate vector at constant state of stress following a change in state of biaxial stress.The character of the results is described reasonably well by the Boltzmann superposition principle of linear viscoelasticity using a constitutive equation of the form: Examples are given of the use of this equation for common states of stress.Better agreement with the data is obtained from a similar but non-linear equation employing hyperbolic sine functions of stress.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050402
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calculation of screw characteristics for the extrusion of non-Newtonian melts (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Common methods of calculating screw characteristics are reviewed, and predictions of performance based on these techniques are compared with those based upon the exact solution for simultaneous pressure and drag flow in a plane infinite slit. The error made in superimposing pressure and drag flow, as if each were independent of the other, is indicated. Some brief remarks are also made with regard to the effect of transverse (cross-channel) flow on the output of the extruder.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050405
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    Electronic Resource
    Melt flow of polyethylene at high rates (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flow of high-density polyethylene at high shear rates in round dies in laboratory instruments and in extruders depends in an unusual way on capillary diameter. With small diameters this dependence can be explained in terms of slippage of the melt at the wall of the capillary; with large diameters, in terms of temperature increases developed through viscous flow. A rapid increase in slip velocity appears to be responsible for a discontinuity in the flow curve determined in laboratory instruments. Recurring transitions between the two branches of the flow curve are responsible for the oscillating flow observed in equipment operating at constant or nearly constant throughput rate. The energy stroage capability of the over-all system, apparatus plus melt, controls the dynamic aspects of flow in the vicinity of the discontinuity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050406
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  • 25
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    Internal stresses developed in an epoxy resin potting compound during long-term storage (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 280-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Strain gage techniques have been developed to monitor the internal stresses in epoxy resin castings. The data obtained are a measure of the stresses developed on a transducer held in the center of a mass of polymerizing epoxy resin or those caused by thermal cycling of the potted unit at intervals of storage time. Results show that the stresses developed on the transducer during the first 70 hours of room temperature polymerization reached 900 psi in axial compression. Further polymerization during storage increased the stress to 2300 psi after 12 months. During thermal cycling approximately 10,000 psi compressive stress was developed at -54°C. These stresses were relieved at 71°C but reappeared at the lower temperatures upon subsequent cooling.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050411
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    The use of visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy to identify carbonyl compunds in photodegraded plastics (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 284-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method was developed for identifying certain carbonyl compounds formed in plastics during exposure to carbon-ac or solar radiant energy. The reaction of aldehydes and certain ketones with phenylenediamines (o-, m-, p-, and N, N-dimethyl-p-) in glacial acetic acid was found to yield stable colored products whose transmittance spectra are charactersitic of the carbonyl compound. Similar colored products were also formed when exposed plastics were dissolved in acetic acid solutions of the diamine. A comparison of the spectra of solutions of the plastics with those from known carbonyl compounds facilitates identification. The method was applied to the identification of carbonyl compounds from photodegraded poly (methyl methacrylate) and cellulose acetatebutyrate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050412
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    Masthead (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050101
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  • 28
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    Kinetics of spherulitic crystallizationThis work is being carried out in the olin center for the study of materials. (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer crystallization is discussed with attention given to primary nucleation, spherulite growth, and bulk crystallization. Primary nucleation is the area of least knowledge, and the authors discuss the kinetics of nuclei appearance and recent observations concerning the effects of foreign materials and surfaces. Spherulitic growth rates are discussed in general and specifically with respect to data at low degrees of supercooling in conjunction with secondary nucleation theory. The Avrami Theory and its limitations are discussed in the interpretation of bulk crystallization data. The authors propose that n = 4 in all cases and that the Avrami Theory be used for calculating the primary nucleation rate, kn, not for determining n itself.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050105
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  • 29
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    Polyaromatic heterocyclesPresented at the symposium on ring contanining, polymer division American Society meeting, philadelphia, pennsylvania, April 7, 1964; ACS award in polymer Chemistry lecture. (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article is a brief review of recent work in the author's laboratory on heat stable polyaromatic heterocycles. New polymers based on 2,7-disubstituted-1,3,6,8-tetraazopyrene structure are described.Some background material on ladder or two-strand polymer structures will be discussed. This will be followed by a description of recent work aimed at producing polyquinoline types and some properties of such polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050106
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    Infra-red spectroscopy of brominated epoxy resins (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of determining the epoxy equivalent weight of resins derived from Bis Phenol A and epichlorohydrin described by Kagarise and Weinberger has been extended to resins derived from epichlorohydrin and Tetra Brom Bis Phenol A and/or Bis Phenol A. In the infrared spectra of the latter, the characteristic aromatic band at 1610 cm-1 is replaced by a strong band at 738 cm-1, the intensity of which increases linearly with the content of Tetra Brom Bis Phenol A. The logarithm of the epoxy equivalent weight is linearly related to the ratio of the absorbance at 915 cm-1 to a linear combination of those at 1610 and 738 cm-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050108
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    Polyimides - new high temperature polymers: H-film, a polypyromellitimide film (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: H-Film is a polypyromellitimide which results from polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine. Its unique blend of thermal, physical, and electrical properties make it an outstanding candidate for a variety of electrical and non-electrical end-use applications. These properties recommend H-Film for use as Class H (220°C) electrical insulation. Thermal aging of this polymeric film to embrittlement in air will require on the order of ten years at 250°C (482°F), one year at 275°C (527°F), and three months at 300°C (572°F). Even greater thermal durability in inert atmospheres has been observed. Our continuing thermal characterization studies on this polypyromellitimide have resulted in data relating to weight loss and decomposition products.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050207
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  • 32
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    The application of infrared spectrophotometry to the reactivity and cure state determination of epoxy resins (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes a simple and accurate method for measuring the reactivity and final cure state of epoxy resins. In the method, the reaction of a thin film of epoxy resin between two Nace plates is followed during a complete curing cycle. The method makes it possible to study effect of temperature and catalyst on cure rate, as well as comparing the equivalence of various materials. The techniques discussed in the article may be useful in the application of thermosetting resins other than epoxies.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050208
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  • 33
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    Masthead (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050301
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    Four members of SPE's editorial board appointed specialists for polymer engineering and science (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 122-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050305
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    Why do plastics stress-crack? (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Possible applicability of Griffith's theory to stress-cracking in microcrystalline organic polymers is considered. Although the time-dependent nature of the phenomenon and the plastico-elastico-viscous character of the medium make such application debatable, it is found that this approach in combination with the contributions of others notably Rebinder and his associates, can provide rationalization for many of the empirical facts. The observed “case-hardening” action of surfactants on specimens under stress suggests that the mobility of polymer chain segments in surface layers may in fact be restricted under these conditions as theorized, facilitating local concentration of stresses to a level exceeding the strength of the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050307
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  • 36
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    Degradation of polymers by thermal gravimetric techniques (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The techniques involved in dynamic thermal gravimetric analysis are reviewed. Methods of studying overall kinetics of degradation, especially with respect to evaluation of order of reaction and overall activation energy, are outlined. Some applications to polymers such as Teflon and epoxide resins are described. Since the use of thermal gravimetric results for evaluating thermal stability raises the problem of a suitable standard for describing decomposition, some indices of thermal stability of polymers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050309
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    Structure-property studies in polymer melt rheology (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various continuum theories of viscoelastic materials have predicted that extrudates issuing from a die will swell and this phenomenon is well known experimentally. One such continuum theory has been formulated by Pao in terms of relaxation times which can be evaluated independently in other tests. Since relaxation times are qualitatively understood in terms of molecular mechanisms, the swelling of extrudates can be given a molecular interpretation. We have found that the phenomenon originates from entanglement and those molecular motions characterized by relaxation times in the terminal zone of the viscoelastic spectrum. Extrudate swelling has been associated also with the capacity of materials to store energy. Since stored energy is also related to relaxation times, there must exist a functional relation between stored energy and swelling. For this same reason there must also exist a relation between swelling and recoverable strain. We have also presented in this paper some data concerning this latter relation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050308
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    Brief review of biochemical degradation of polymers (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Proteins and synthetic polypeptides undergo specific catalytic cleavage by enzymes. It is the object of this article to review the specific hydrolytic, redox, and electron transfer reactions involving enzymes and their mechanisms. The stability of the synthetic high polymers in the biochemical environments is much higher than that of proteins in general, but the increasing use of these materials in the field of surgical implants and internal prostheses has necessitated the systematic long range study of the systems in these surroundings. The enzymatic attack on the synthetic polymers has not been the subject of general study until now, but the intimate knowledge of the specificity and mode of attack of the enzymes, in case of the proteins, would pave the way towards experimental designs to elucidate the comparative stability of various synthetic plastics in these environments. The study of the correlation of the mechanical strength and the chemical structures of these polymers tested as implants in living animals is reviewed, and the suitability of several synthetic polymers for this application is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050404
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    Experimental investigations on fracture of polymersThe material presented in this paper is based on an investigation which was conducted under the sponsorship of Allegany Ballistics Laboratory, Cumberland, Maryland, through research development subcontract No. 70 (NOrd 16640). (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 254-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes the experimental investigations on fracture of a polymeric material under various uniaxial and biaxial stress fields, at controlled rates of loading. The biaxial stress fields have been produced by subjecting tubular specimens to pure internal pressure, internal pressure combined with tension loading, pure torsion and torsion combined with tension loadings. The experimental arrangements developed for conducting the above tests have been described. Examination of fractured specimen subjected to various biaxial stress fields indicates that the fractured surface is mostly along the plane of maximum normal stress. However, the mode of fracture in the case of pure compression test resembles that of a brittle material. From the experimental fracture data, limiting failure curves for the material have been obtained corresponding to various maximum extension ratio rates. The experimental failure data were compared with various criteria of failure essentially developed for metals. It was found that none of the classical failure criteria applies to the material tested.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050408
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  • 40
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    Resins and reinforced plastic laminates for continuous use at 650°F (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article reports the preparation of a number of high molecular weight aromatic amide and imide polymers. An order of relative thermal stability of a series of alternative linkages between benzene rings in aromatic polymers is established on the basis of weight loss of thin films in air. It is found to agree with the stability order established by others by study of model compounds. It is further confirmed by the aging performance of laminates employing such resins. Electrical properties of the polymers were measured as a function of temperature. Change in the dissipation factor with temperature was used to determine Tg, which in turn was correlated to the minimum temperature required to produce laminates. Examples of the performance of these organic polymers in long time exposure tests at elevated temperature are given. Flexural properties of laminates aged and tested at temperatures of 600-650°F are reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050203
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  • 41
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    Effect of stearate processing aids upon polypropylene stability (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fatty acid salts are often added to polymers as processing aids. Although calcium stearate promoted highly reduced mixing torque requirements in polypropylene compositions, this was due largely to lowering of the polymer molecular weight. However, the amount of shear withstood without severe degradation was less. The effects of calcium stearate upon polypropylene stabilization systems were investigated by oxygen absorption studies Up to 50% stabilization was lost, particularly with metals such as copper, with 0.1% calcium stearate even in compositions protected by inhibitors. The stearate evidently reacts with transition metals or their oxides, particularly if acidic materials are present, to give metallic stearates which are extremely effective polyofin oxidation catalysts. Considering these results, the use of stearate processing aids should be avoided if property retention and stability are important in the fabricated article.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050204
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  • 42
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    Heat-resistant epoxy-boroxine foams for high temperature applications (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 90-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Foams are produced by mixing an epoxy resin, a primary polyamine and a trialkoxyboroxine without applied heat. The reaction heat evolved, predominantly from the reaction between the boroxine and the amine, speeds up the gelation of the epoxy resin and simultaneously evaporates methanol, a by-product, to form the foam, leading to the formation of a highly crosslinked polymer. A theory for the mechanism involves the chemical properties of intermediates, the basicity of the nitrogens, the acidity of the borons, and the mode of curing of the epoxy resin. The physical properties can be varied using different epoxies, amines and boroxines and different proportions. With a typical mixture, the foams produced have densities and thermal conductivities similar to polystyrene foam but have heat resistance up to 300°C. Adhesion to various substrates is excellent. Compression strengths are low but can be increased by the addition of fillers. The foams are self-extinguishing. Potential applications and method of dispensing the foams are suggested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050205
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  • 43
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    The effect of filler particle-size distribution in epoxy casting formulations (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 101-104 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The selection of particle size distribution is based on a theoretical concept of the “close packing” of particles. The usefulness of this concept was investigated using silica as the filler in a single epoxy-hardener system. The viscosity and settling characteristics for several particle-size distributions and concentrations of silica fillers were studied. These studies show that significant decreases in the viscosities of casting formulations can be obtained using a two-component filler system which permits the use of higher filler loadigs. The increase in the ratio of coarse filler to fine filler reduced the flexural strength of the castings and increased the rate of settling in the formulations. The effect of parameters other than particle size is demonstrated by the use of non-silica fillers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050206
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 66-67 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050209
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  • 45
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    Low molecular chemistry and its effect on macromole chemistry (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 121-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050303
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  • 46
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    “The name change and what's behind it” (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 122-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050304
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    The deterioration of polypropylene by oxidative degradation (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An explanation is presented to account for the deterioration of the mechanical properties at very low concentrations of absorbed oxygen. The induction time as measured by the oxygen absorption technique overestimates the time to failure with respect to the mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is shown that the extrapolation of accelerated aging data as obtained at elevated temperatures should not be carried out below 50°C. Data are presented to show that an anti-oxidant is one of the major constituents of a stabilizer system against UV radiation, because the oxidative degradation mechanism is involved. A modified oxygen uptake equipment is described which allows the simultaneous determination of the oxygen absorption and the deterioration of the mechanical properties on the same sample.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050312
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    Mechanisms contributing to the autoxidation of hydrocarbon polymers (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrocarbon polymers and many polymers which contain hydrocarbon segments are oxidized by a free-radical, chain mechanism. In most commercial polymers, radicals which initiate this chain reaction originate from such reactive products as hydroperoxides rather than from cleavage of C—H or C—C bonds. These intermediates are formed in many polymers by preoxidation reactions occurring during synthesis and formulation. The dependence of autocatalysis on the homolytic decomposition of hydroperoxides is evidenced by inhibition reactions in which peroxide deactivators are used rather than chain terminating stabilizers.Hydroperoxides are decomposed by certain types of stabilizers into nonradical products, and the oxidation of polymers which oxidize through these intermediates does not become autocatalytic. Sulfur compounds and high concentrations of carbon black inhibit oxidation of hydrocarbon polymers primarily by this mechanism. Other types of peroxides, e.g., diperoxides and cyclic peroxides, which may be formed during autoxidation of certain hydrocarbon polymers, are much more stable to decomposition by sulfur compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050319
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  • 49
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    Stabilization of polypropylene (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effectiveness of polyproylene antioxidant systems in other than a simple oxidative environment has been studied. For example, it has been found that contact of stabilized propylene polymers with a number of materials, particularly with plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) and with copper and copper salts, markedly decreases the resistance of the composition toward oxidative degradation. The use of antioxidants having higher molecular weights results in improved retention of stabilization when polypropylene is used in contact with materials such as plasticized poly (vinyl chloride), presumably because partition of the antioxidant from the polypropylene composition is decreased. Antioxidant effectiveness in polypropylene compositions in contact with copper can be greatly increased by the addition of new and more effective copper inbibitors. The usefulness of copper compleming agents such as hydrazides, triazoles, tetrazoles, and derivatives of malonamide and oxamide are compared in polypropylene compositions containing copper dust and antioxidants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050403
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  • 50
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    Deformation and failure of plastics and elastomers (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 270-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of various environmental conditions, other than chemical, on the mechanical properties of amorphous polymers is considered. The response of such polymers to an applied stress or strain depends on the mobility of polymeric chains which in turn is largely a function of free volume. The free volume varies with temperature, pressure, and plasticizer concentration; in the glassy state, it also depends on thermal history and tensile strain. These concepts are reviewed and some illustrative data, primarily from the published literature, are presented. A discussion is also given of the nonlinear viscoelastic properties (in uniaxial tension) of amorphous network polymers in the rubbery state. Methods for characterizing the ultimate tensile properties of such polymers are also described. Finally, some comments are made about the mechnical characteristics of polymers in the glassy state.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050413
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  • 52
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    The influence of resin strength and defects on the interlaminar shear strength of filament-wound composites (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interlaminar shear strength of reinforced plastic composites has long been recognized as a critical property in the structural performance of composites. However, its role in structural performance and the many factors that influence it have not been clearly elucidated. Although much attention has been given to the importance of resin-glass adhesion, little is known regarding the contribution of resin strength and composite quality. In this article it is shown that interlaminar shear strength is a direct function of both resin strength and composite void content. The curves of resin tensile strength vs interlaminar shear strength indicate a limiting value for interlaminar shear above which increases in resin tensile strength do not increase defects.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050110
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  • 53
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    Masthead (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050201
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  • 54
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    Plastics processing and fabricating problems involving membranes and rotational symmetry (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 68-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Equations of equilibrium can be used as tools to convert observations of plastic processing operations into a complete process analysis, including the interpretation of simulated fabrication experiments. If material properties of the plastic are known under the fabrication conditions, a predictive process analysis can be made, yielding such data (in the case of extrusion) as membrane thickness and radial velocity. Such predictive analyses also may be used to develop valuable insights into thermoforming operations by means of simulation experiments.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050202
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  • 55
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    Masthead (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050401
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  • 56
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    Starter populations as determined under steady state conditionsContribution No. 1561 from the WHOI. Supported in part by Grant No. 861 of the National Science Foundation. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous cultures of some heterotrophic Spirilli (Sp. serpens, Sp. curvatum, Sp. sp.) exhibit threshold concentrations of lactate, the growth limiting carbon and energy source, around 15 mg./l. This value corresponds to a threshold population density of 0.92 mg. dry weight/l. at a dilution rate of D = 0.185 hr.-1 (= 0.5 maximum growth rate). The minimum population density, which is regarded as equivalent to the starter population in batch culture, was dependent on the growth rate and the redox potential. The existence of minimum populations and the pronounced effect of population density on growth at low nutrient levels seem to be widespread phenomena closely related to growth under suboptimal conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070207
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  • 57
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    Resistance of microorganisms to hydrostatic pressure (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 139-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A small fraction, about 0.05%, of the microorganisms in milk are resistant to pressure to at least 150,000 p.s.i. The pressure-resistant microorganisms were shown to be mainly bacterial spores. Some of the pressure-resistant organisms were identified. The lethal effect of pressure is more pronounced in the solid phase than in the liquid phase of water. B. subtilis was found to be capable of surviving solid-phase transitions from Ice II, III, and V to Ice I. The lethal effect of high pressure in the liquid phase of water was found not to be counteracted by an increase in temperature. The pressure resistance of B. subtilis was found to be maximum around neutral or slightly basic pH. The damaging effect of low and high pH are counteracted by sodium chloride and glucose. It is suggested that the primary mechanism of protein denaturation by pressures above 30,000 p.s.i. is ionization and formation of ionic bonds between charged groups on proteins, altering their solubility.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070124
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    Electrochemical observations in microbiological processes. Growth of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans. II (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 491-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrochemical activity of the individual chemicals in the nutrient medium for growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans was studied along with the effect of the gases in equilibrium with their solutions. Several chemicals were active individually; however, the magnitudes, as measured by changes in half-cell potential, were less than that observed when T. thiooxidans was present in their composite mixture. Sterilized Skerman's mineral salts and the American Type Culture Collection (without ferrous sulfate) media were not sensitive electrochemically to changes from pure oxygen to nitrogen atmospheres. When T. thiooxidans was present in these media, the biological half-cell emf became sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of the atmosphere in equilibrium with the organism and nutrient. The ability of T. thiooxidans to make an electrochemical contribution, as registered by a platinum electrode, is substantiated further by these investigations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070405
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  • 59
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    Production of Bacillus cereus exopenicillinase on a pilot-plant scale (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 517-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A substrain of Bacillus cereus 569/H produced above 10,000 units of penicillinase/ ml. when grown in a pilot-plant fermentor using a medium containing Casamino acids techn. (Difco) or N-Z-Amine type B (Sheffield), and salts. Simplified purification and concentration procedures give an overall yield of 50-65% enzyme. The freeze-dried enzyme preparation had a good storage stability in vacuumsealed ampules kept at 4, 30, and 37°C. In vials containing air in the head space, partial inactivation occurred in two months at 30 and 37°C. The freezedried preparation showed satisfactory performance in the production of yoghurt fermented milk.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070407
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    Process equipment (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 8-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070104
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  • 61
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    Kinetics and continuous culture (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070106
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  • 62
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    Amino acids (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070108
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  • 63
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    An automatic aeration control system for biosynthetic processes (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic aeration controller was constructed to assure the optimal amount of oxygen for aerobic biosynthetic processes. A platinum electrode and a KCl bridge for the calomel electrode were inserted hermetically into the fermentor and were sterilized with the culture medium. The electrode potential developed at the surface of the Pt electrode continuously indicated the actual oxygen concentration of the medium. This served as the controlled variable of the system. The concentration of dissolved oxygen resulted from the actual demand and supply of the microorganism. The electrode potential, which was the measured variable of the process, operated a closed-loop automatic aeration system. The controller activated an air inlet valve in order to balance the controlled variable. The automatic controller operated in fermentors of industrial scale for long periods in a satisfactory manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070120
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070201
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  • 65
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    Kinetic studies of gluconic acid fermentations (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 229-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the gluconic acid fermentation have been studied at pH 5.8 Pseudomonas ovalis B-1486 was used as the fermenting organism. D-Gluconolactone was found as an intermediate in the fermentation and accumulated at times in large amounts. When this occurred, hydrolysis of the lactone was found to be the rate limiting reaction. This can be, under certain conditions, a poor fermentation in which to study oxygen transfer limiting conditions. Further, it is impossible to relate batch and continuous kinetic data for this fermentation unless the lactone hydrolysis reaction is taken into account.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070204
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  • 66
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070101
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  • 67
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    Product isolation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070107
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  • 68
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    Cell and tissue propagation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070110
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  • 69
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    Effect of potassium ferrocyanide on the chemical composition of molasses mash used in the citric acid fermentationIssued as N.R.C. No. 8405. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of potassium ferrocyanide to the molasses substrate (mash) used in the citric acid fermentation had little or no effect on the total carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus content of the substrate but reduced the ash content by 1-4% depending on the type and crop year of molasses. Eighteen of the 21 metals identified in beet molasses by spectrographic analysis were precipitated in part by the treatment. The metals known to interfere with citric acid production, particularly manganese and iron, were those most efficiently precipitated. At mash temperatures of 80°C. and approximately 100°C., precipitation was completed within 15 min. after ferrocyanide addition and the reductions in the soluble mineral content in each case were similar. At 25°C. the precipitation reactions occurred but required more than 50 hr. to complete. Significantly more total mineral and more iron, calcium, and copper were precipitated at pHs 4 and 6 than at pH 8; manganese precipitation, however, was not affected by these pH changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070206
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    Die kontinuierliche Züchtung von Mikroorganismen als apparatives problem (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 101-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der kontinuierlichen Züchtung von Mikroorganismen ist die zuverlässige Aufrechterhaltung des stationären Zustandes die Grundbedingung für die erfolgreiche Untersuchung der biologischen Probleme. Auftretende Instabilitäten können apparativen oder biologischen Ursprunges sein; eine einwanddfrei funktionierende Ausrüstung ist daher bei der Einführung der Kontinuität primäres Erfordernis. Es wird auf die wichtigsten Ursachen, welche zu Instabilitäten führen können, eingegangen und eine Laborapparatur beschrieben, welche eine Basisausrüstung umfasst, die speziell für hohe Betriebssicherheit und Einfachheit der Bedienung ausgelegt wurde. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der Konstanz des Zuflusses f des Mediums, und des arbeitenden Volumens v, sowie der sicheren Ausschaltung von Infektionen durch Verwendung sterilisierbarer pH-Elektroden und eines Membranverschlusses geschenkt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070121
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    Antimicrobial agents as liquid chemosterilizers (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 435-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many antimicrobial agents are available for commercial use, but only a few are truly sporicidal and can be used as chemosterilizers. The action of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and β-propiolactone is well documented. Strong acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid, or alkalis may be used as chemosterilizers but their use is extremely limited. The synthetic phenolics accompanied by boiling were recommended, but heat cannot always be employed. Chlorine and iodine have been used in higher concentrations. The use of 8% formaldehyde or 20% formalin was suggested by Spaulding.17 Other aldehydes possess antimicrobial potency. According to work performed in our laboratories, the sporicidal activity of certain alcoholic, saturated dialdehyde solutions equalled or surpassed that of formaldehyde. These included glyoxal, succinaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde. Aqueous alkaline glutaraldehyde solutions killed the most resistant bacterial spores, e.g., B. subtilis and Cl. tetani, within a few hours (Borick1,2). Glutaraldehyde, a 5-carbon dialdehyde, was shown to be a chemosterilizer when tested by various methods, destroying bacteria, including M. tuberculosis, fungi, and viruses. Acid glutaraldehyde solutions stored at room temperature are highly stable, whereas alkaline solutions show a significant change in pH and a diminution of glutaraldehyde concentration on alkalinization. For this reason, fresh (not over 2 weeks old) alkaline glutaraldehyde solutions can be used as chemosterilizers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070310
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    A vibrating mixer for agitation of suspension cultures of mammalian cellsSupported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants Nos. CA-08204-01 and SOL-FR-05250-1 from the National Cancer Institute. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 507-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of mixer that utilizes the Bernoulli effect has been found highly useful for providing gentle agitation in suspension cultures of fragile mammalian cells in culture volumes up to 6 l.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070406
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    Oxidation-reduction potential and pH patterns obtained in growth of earle's strain L cells in instrumented roux bottles (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070409
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    Polymers and lipids (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 72-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070116
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    Solvents (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 74-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070117
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  • 76
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    Organic acids (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070115
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  • 77
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    Steroids and related compounds (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 76-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070118
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  • 78
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    Vitamins (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070119
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  • 79
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    Production of industrial-grade polysaccharide B-1459Presented at the 145th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., September 8-13, 1963. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method to make purified polysaccharide synthesized exocellularly from cereal carbohydrates by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 and a characterization of its properties have been reported previously by this Laboratory. Because of increasing commercial interest in a less purified polymer, we have extended our work to include production of a lower cost industrial-grade product. Fermentation of media containing 2.25% corn sugar, seeded with 5% inoculum of X. campestris NRRL B-1459 and cultured aerobically at 82°F., is complete in 96 hr. The viscous fermented broth contains about 1.5% polymer. A tan product containing approximately 60% polymer and having good viscosity characteristics is obtained by drum drying the fermented broth at steam pressures below 40 p.s.i.g, 287°F. Drying at higher temperatures adversely affects viscosity. A good product is also obtained by spray drying. Cost estimates indicate that 5 million lb./yr. of dried crude solids could be produced for 37 cents/lb. by drum drying or for 41 cents a pound by spray drying.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070125
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  • 80
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    Stripping in sparged fermentation systems. I. Two component model systems (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 199-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical approach to the prediction of stripping or accumulation of minor components in solution with water by a sparged stream of dry air bubbles is developed and tested experimentally for two model systems, containing 1 mole-% respectively, of ethanol, to represent situations where the minor component is more volatile than water, and of acetic acid, to represent the reverse. Close agreement between theory and practice is achieved in the former case, where an overall reduction in the liquid phase concentration of the minor component occurs, while in the latter, where overall accumulation occurs, there is some discrepancy. Considerations for an extension of the study are included.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070202
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  • 81
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    Studies on the plateau in oxygen uptake during exertion of biochemical oxygen demand by pure cultures of bacteria (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 387-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evidence for generation of the plateau in oxygen uptake during exertion of carbonaceous BOD by pure cultures was sought by making long term Warburg studies using glucose and phthalic acid as substrates. One organism, tentatively identified as Escherichia intermedia, of the 57 tested, exhibited a plateau. Detailed studies on this organism indicated that generation of the plateau depended upon the type of substrate and to some extent upon the initial cell concentration employed, but not upon substrate concentration. Oxygen utilization during the second stage was accompanied by metabolism of secondary extracellular carbon source(s) produced by the cells during metabolism of the original extracellular carbon source (glucose) in the first phase of O2 uptake. The secondary substrate was registered as volatile acids. Selective inhibition of protein synthesis at various times during oxygen uptake led to the conclusion that the plateau occurred because of the need for an induction period before the secondary substrate could be metabolized. Using this organism, it was also found that a plateau could be generated during endogenous respiration. This secondary O2 utilization was accompained by uptake of organic materials excreted into the medium by the cells during metabolism of endogenous carbon sources.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070307
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  • 82
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    Submerged culture of hamster kidney cells in a stainless steel vessel (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 417-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the design and operation of an industrial type culture system for the submerged growth of BHK 21 cells at a volume of 30 l. Using a modified Eagle's medium and with the culture controlled at pH 7.4 ± 0.05 and at a temperature of 35 ± 0.25°C., the cells grew from 0.5 × 106 to about 2.5 × 106 viable cells/ml. in 50 hr. at stirrer speeds of 330 and 460 rpm. The significance of certain aspects of design and operation of a culture system of this type is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070309
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  • 83
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    A practical method for partial purification of the organism of psittacosis grown in chicken embryo yolk sacIn conducting the research reported herein the investigators adhered to Principles of Laboratory Animal Care, as established by the National Society for Medical Research. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 447-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure described for the partial purification of suspensions of the organisms of psittacosis utilizes tryptic digestion, calcium chloridedextran sulfate precipitation, and centrifugation through a sucrose barrier. More than 40% of the organisms in the original suspension are recovered in 80% of the original volume, with approximately 95% of the lipids and 85% of the proteins removed. This method is suggested as a preliminary purification procedure in laboratories desiring relatively large amounts of purified agent for studies on metabolism, physical properties, or antigenicity of the organism. Significant aspects of the investigations leading to the selection of the procedures are included.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070402
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  • 84
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    Studies on the response of activated sludge to shock-loadingsPaper presented at the 12th Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, Muskoka, Ontario, June 14-16, 1965. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 455-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of heterogeneous populations to shockloading was studied under a variety of operational conditions using synthetic wastes consisting of glycerol, glucose, and a mixture of glucose and glycerol. In all experiments, the cells were acclimated to glycerol. The addition of glucose as a shockloading at various times during the aeration period caused an immediate cessation of glycerol metabolism, and glycerol was not again actively metabolized until all glucose had been assimilated. Experiments conducted at various initial sludge concentrations showed that this effect was not dependent upon biological solids level. Glycerol metabolism was also blocked when glucose was applied as a shockloading to a system operating under severe nitrogen deficiency, further reenforcing the conclusion that there is a blockage mechanism for catabolic pathways which operates to suppress enzyme function rather than enzyme synthesis. It was also found that considerable amounts of metabolic intermediates or end products were released during glucose metabolism regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol. In systems containing a source of nitrogen, these products were metabolized after dissimilation of glucose. In resting cell suspensions, the metabolic intermediates were not subsequently removed, indicating that their metabolism depended upon the synthesis of new enzymes. Using old cell sludge, concurrent rather than sequential removal of glycerol and glucose was observed. The results using two component (C6—C3) carbon sources were in general the same as for C6—C6 synthetic wastes. The results provide further evidence for the generality of sequential substrate removal, and suggest that the metabolite suppressing catabolism of glycerol lies below the triose level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070403
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    Controlled pH and oxidation-Reduction potential with a new glass tissue-culture fermentor (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 529-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 1-l. fermentor was designed and tested for use as a tissue-culture vessel. It features a temperature control device, impeller agitation without the necessity of a shaft seal, and a means of measuring, recording, and controlling both pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Tests have shown the ORP to change fairly rapidly with impeller speed variations under conditions of a continuous carbon dioxide-air overlay. Working with strain L mouse fibroblasts (Earle), cell counts of more than 1.25 ×106 ml., without centrifugation and medium renewal, were achieved, and cell counts were maintained above 1 ×106 for more than 30 hr. With the vessel studied, pH control was ±0.05, the ORP control was ±10 mV. Controlled environments for tissue-cell metabolic studies are entirely feasible with this system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070408
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  • 86
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    Sterile techniques (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 6-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070103
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  • 87
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    Agitation and mass transfer (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070105
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  • 88
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    Antibiotics (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 29-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070109
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  • 89
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    Miscellaneous products (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 60-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070113
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  • 90
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    Isolation of bacterial polysaccharide B-1459 through calcium hydroxide complex formation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is described for the isolation of bacterial polysaccharide B-1459 from aqueous dispersion as a calcium hydroxide complex. The polysaccharide is liberated in fibrous form from the complex by means of hydrochloric acid in methanol solution. Overall recovery of the polysaccharide from aqueous dispersion is 85%. Direct conversion of the insoluble calcium hydroxide complex to aqueous polysaccharide solution appears to be a low-cost procedure for preparing viscous solutions for industrial use.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070126
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  • 91
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    Stripping in sparged fermentation systems. II. The effect of operating temperature and gas phase pre-humidification in an ethanol-water system (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of operating temperature upon relative stripping of a two component (ethanol-water) mixture by dry air, with the aid of a previously derived equation,1 is considered. The variations encountered in the relative humidity of air sparged to fermentors are discussed. A general equation is developed for the stripping of a more volatile component from a solution in water by wet air. The theoretical results derived from this equation are tested experimentally at one particular level of prehumidity of the air sparged to an ethanol-water system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070203
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  • 92
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    Production of cell tissue from hydrocarbons by a microbiological process (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 5940 was grown in an aerated mineral salts medium with pure octadecane as sole carbon source, both in batch and continuous culture experiments. Carbon and nitrogen balances were made under different conditions. It was found that the only significant products were fresh cell tissue and carbon dioxide, although traces of several fatty acids were detected.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070210
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    The use of frozen inoculum in the transformation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 321-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070211
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    Microorganisms (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070102
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  • 95
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    Enzymes (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070111
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  • 96
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    Hydrocarbons (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 59-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070112
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070401
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  • 98
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    Electrochemical observations in microbiological processes. Growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. I (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 471-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, utilizing sulfur in three media, was studied by observing changes in halfcell emf, bacterial cell count, and acid production, all as a function of time. A comparison of the biological halfcell emf with comparable control halfcells reveals that T. thiooxidans makes an electrochemical contribution to halfcell voltage. A change from the more complex medium of Skerman's mineral salts to ATCC allowed a clearer delineation of the ability of T. thiooxidans to make an electrochemical contribution. Reproducible biological halfcell emf's were obtained when the ferrous sulfate was removed from the ATCC medium. One halfcell, consisting of T. thiooxidans utilizing sulfur in ATCC, was observed over a 111-day period. During this time, the initial halfcell voltage of -0.35 V. decreased to a value of -0.64 V. (hydrogen emf series). T. thiooxidans, in utilizing sulfur, produces only sulfate ion, thereby simplifying the identification of an electrochemical contribution during growth.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070404
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  • 99
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    Preparation of amphotericin B-14C (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a study of fermentation methods of producing amphotericin B-14C, a variety of C-14 labeled precursors were added to cultures of the amphotericin-B producing streptomycete growing in a glucose-cottonseed meal medium. Acetate-14C and propionate-14C were efficiently incorporated into the amphotericin-B while formate-14C, glucose-U-14C and methionine-14CH3 were not.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070123
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  • 100
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    Oil cake meal for preparation of protein hydrolysate (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With a view to preparing substitutes for liver or other animal protein hydrolysates used in the treatment of protein malnutrition, a process has been developed based on sesame and mustard cakes as the starting materials. The laboratory process has been successfully scaled up to pilot plant production to compute tentative costing schedule. Essentially the process consists in defatting the cake, isolating the protein by peptization and isoelectric precipitation, enzymatically digesting the protein isolate by papain, and concentrating the digest under reduced pressure. The final product is a light brown fluffy powder, rich in almost all the essential amino acids. Growth experiments with rats have indicated that the product is comparable to commercial casein although supplementation with lysine could further enhance its biological value.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070208
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