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  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (482)
  • 1967  (482)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (422)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (60)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (482)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220301
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytalan fibers in the periodontal ligament of the Caiman and the Alligator (Crocodilia, Reptilia) (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histological examination of the fibrous and cellular connective tissue components of the periodontal ligament in the Caiman and the Alligator reveals the presence of reticular fibrillae, collagenic, elastic, and oxytalan fibers, as well as fibrocytes, osteoblasts, cementoblasts and epithelial rests. The oxytalan fibers differentiated by the peracetic acid aldehyde-fuchsin method are most numerous in the coronal region, radiating from the primary cementum into the periodontal ligament a short distance. Oxytalan fibers in fewer numbers are found interspersed between the oblique and the horizontal principal fiber bundles. Inasmuch as the crocodilian teeth have continuous replacement and thus a relatively short functional life, the oxytalan fibers of the Caiman and the Alligator appear to be proportionally fewer in number than they are in the mammalian periodontal tissues. The presence of the oxytalan fibers and epithelial rests in the Order Crocodilia (Crocodilia) adds to the number of dental structures shared with the Class Mammalia (Mammalia) (mammals) such as a stellate reticulum, a primary and secondary cementum and a periodontal ligament. This furnishes additional histological evidence for evaluation of the phylogenetic position of this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220302
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical studies on cell death and histolysis during regeneration I. Distribution of acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the normal, the regenerating and the resorbing forelimb of the larval spotted salamander, Amblystoma maculatumSupported by grants (GM-05483 and AM-03605) from The National Institutes Of health, United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 203-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histochemical methods, especially azo dye methods for detecting acid phosphomonoesterase activity were applied to normal, regenerating and denervated, amputated limbs from larval Amblystoma maculatum. Efforts were made to control inactivation of enzymic activity and diffusion of both enzyme and reaction product. “Base-line” values for enzymic activity were determined for normal limbs. Activity appeared most intense in macrophages, less intense in epidermis and cartilage matrix. Some activity was detected in Schwann cells, peri- and endoneurium and muscle fibers form normal limbs. Enzymic activity in regenerating limbs was strongest within macrophages which appeared in increased numbers especially in early stages. Wound tissue showed little increased activity. As the blastema formed, increased enzymic activity was detected in epidermis and within increased numbers of macrophages. Chondrocytes showed increased activity especially during cartilage matrix deposition. Amputated, denervated limbs showed large numbers of active macrophages beneath and within epidermis and along muscle. As regression commenced, areas of cartilage matrix breakdown showed increased enzymic activity but, in general, greatest activity was in macrophages. The various possible roles of acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the specific biological situations dealt with are considered in light of such observations.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220304
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The histology of inhibition of limb regeneration in the newt, Triturus, by actinomycin D (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 249-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adult newts, Triturus viridescens, were treated with from 1.0-10.0 μg/g body weight of actinomycin D one day before amputation of both forelimbs. Mean survival times ranged from over 50 days in newts treated with 1.0 μg/g to 13.2 days in animals given 10.0 μg/g body weight of actinomycin. Low doses little altered the course of regeneration, but animals treated with over 2.0 μg/g never formed blastemas. In another series, animals were given doses of 2.5 μg/g body weight of actinomycin D at intervals from 14 days before to 30 days after amputation. It was found that certain signs of toxicity (loss of equilibrium) are related to the time of administration of the drug whereas others (hemorrhage into the limb stumps) are restricted to a definite phase of the regenerative process. Early administration of actinomycin completely inhibits regeneration whereas later treatment results in a considerably lessened effect. The postamputational stages which are basically destructive in nature are not noticeably affected by actinomycin D, but the phases of dedifferentiation, blastema formation and redifferentiation are strongly inhibited.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220306
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  • 105
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    The morphogenesis of the stomach and intestine in the salamander Ambystoma maculatumSupported by grant HD1789 from the National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 345-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The major events associated with the morphogenesis of the amphibian alimentary tract are described and illustrated with a series of photomicrographs that present a continuous account of the differentiation process from its onset at stage 38 until the initiation of feeding at stage 46. Histological evidence is presented for the normal disappearance of the midgut region of the archenteron and the de novo formation of the intestine through the yolk mass. The mechanics of intestinal lumen formation are discussed in terms of the dynamic autonomous actions and interactions of the endoderm and the splanchnic mesoderm. The opening of the intestinal lumen as a consequence of cytolysis or cellular digestion is discounted. The relation of the present observations to the previously described polar endoderm cells is considered.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220405
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230101
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  • 107
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    Lympho-myeloid organs of amphibia I. Appearance during larval and adult stages of Rana catesbeianaSupported by USPHS grant AM 09030 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 381-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, possesses lympho-myeloid and epithelial structures that are morphologically similar in some respects to lymph nodes of mammals. These organs are present during the entire life cycle of the frog, however, the structures that are present during larval stages do not appear to be morphological precursors of adult organs. According to certain terms used previously by other investigators, two major organs are present throughout the larval stages: the lymph gland and the ventral cavity body. In the adult, the jugular body, the epithelial body, the precoracoid and propericardial bodies are found in the ventral neck region in contrast to the lateral and ventral arrangement of the lymph gland and ventral cavity body in larvae. The function of these organs is not known but it is believed that they play a role in the production of certain blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, and they may be involved in some aspects of the differentiation and maintenance of the immune response capacity.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220407
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the functional mesonephros in the eight-day chick embryo (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 441-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopic study of the functional mesonephros in the 8-day chick embryo revealed the following features of the nephron:Proximal tubule cells. Nuclei are spherical and basally oriented. Mitochondri are round or elongate with clear-cut cristae. Intramitochondrial granules occur sporadically. The Golgi complex, lying adjacent to the nucleus in apical cytoplasm, consists of flattened lamellae and associated secretion droplets. The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes which occasionally are spiral in arrangement. Characteristic microvilli project from the apical end of cells. Basal regions of the cells are bounded by a homogeneous basement membrane. Adjacent epithelial cells are separated at their base by wide intercellular spaces. Interdigitating processes between cells are common in this area. At their apices, cells are joined by junctional complexes.Distal tubule cells. Nuclei are round and centrally located. Microvilli are sparse and usually absent. When present, they are short and blunt. Cells are closely allied at their base and joined tightly at their apices. Interdigitating processes are not as prevalent as in proximal tubules. Infoldings of the plasma membrane are prominent and compartmentalize mitochondria.Glomerulus. Endothelial cells are elongate, bordering the capillary lumen, and their membranes contain definite slit-pores. Epithelial pedicels extend from the cell body, intergiditate with each other and rest on the capillary basement membrane. The latter consists of three layers resembling those in adults.The similarity in the fine structural characteristics between chick mesonephros and adult metanepros corroborates the holonephric theory of vertebrate kidney evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230408
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  • 109
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    Histological and histochemical observations of the hemolymph cells in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 559-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hemolymph cells of Orconectes virilis were stained during the months of August to November by a variety of histological and histochemical techniques. Cells were classified as hyaline cells, small granulocytes, and large granulocytes. Presence of mitochondrial enzymes was indicated by tests for succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase. Reaction to test for the hydrolytic enzyme, leucine acylnaphthylamidase was intense in the granules of the large granulocytes. The PAS reaction indicated a mucopolysaccharide at the cell membrane. Lipid was found in all three hemolymph cell types of Orconectes virilis at the time of this study.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230413
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  • 110
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    The fine structure of the ductuli efferentes of the opossumSupported by grant GB-2651 from the National Science Foundation and by grant 1 RO 1 GM 14435-01 from USPHS. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 559-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the straight portions of the ductuli efferentes of the opossum were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two cell types, a ciliated and non-ciliated cell, characterize the simple columnar epithelium that lines the ductuli. The non-ciliated cell possesses an extraneous coating of the luminal plasma-lemma, aggregations of apical canaliculi, and vacuoles of varying density distributed in the supranuclear cytoplasm. Such morphological criteria have been regarded as suggestive evidence for absorptive function. The epithelium rests upon a thick basement membrane beneath which are variable amounts of smooth muscle and connective tissue elements.Observations of the structure of the simple squamous epithelium lining the processus vaginalis are reported.Myelinated and unmyelinated nerves are found in the adnexa of the ductuli. These are enclosed in a thin, cellular investment, the innermost layer of which is usually incomplete. This cellular wrapper is considered a “perineural epithelium” but its characteristics are at variance with those found in the recent literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570403
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  • 111
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    Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of the fetal rabbitSupported by Research grant HE-04061-08 (HEM) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 589-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the extravascular origin of erythrocytes from undifferentiated mesenchymal or reticular cells in mammalian bone marrow is generally accepted, the morphological evidence on which this concept is based has not conclusively ruled out the possibility of endothelial cell contributions to erythropoeisis or of the preferential localization of developing erythrocytes within endothelial cell-lined spaces. Since conventional methods of tissue preparation have produced artifacts which obscure the fine details of marrow architecture, the re-examination of this problem using newer histological and fixation methods permits a more critical study of the bone marrow in nearly artifact free sections.Ribs and long bones of 65 rabbits, ranging from 18 days of gestation to the second day after birth were removed, fixed intact with 10% aqueous acrolein, decalcified in 5% aqueous nitric acid and embedded in plexiglass-methacrylate. Two micron sections stained with toluidine blue were examined with the light microscope. Serial paraffin sections of formal-Zenker fixed material also were examined.Morphological studies conclusively indicate that erythrocytes develop extravascularly arising from mesenchymal or reticular cells in the fetal bone marrow. Mature erythrocytes enter the circulation through discontinuities in the sinusoidal walls. Neither endothelial cells or blood-borne lymphocytes make an apparent contribution to erythropoiesis. The first hemopoietic cells to form in the fetal marrow are determined and develop along the erythrocytic line. These proerythroblasts initially arise randomly in the marrow parenchyma and are not in obvious association with the sinusoids. Subsequent maturation and proliferation of the primitive erythrocytic cells result in the formation of colonies of erythrocytic cells at all stages of development. As these colonies enlarge, the erythrocytic elements come in close association with the sinusoids. In later stages of marrow development, developing erythrocytic and granulocytic cells become intermixed and more randomly associated in the extravascular space of the marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570405
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  • 112
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    Perilymphatic fibrocytes in the vestibule of the inner earResearch supported by grant RG-06729 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and in part by a grant from the William F. Milton Fund of Harvard University. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A description is given of the fine structure of perilymphatic fibrocytes and their associated fibers in the vestibule of the inner ear in rats. The identification of the extracellular fibers as keratin is discussed in relationship to their fine structure and to biochemical and biophysical data of other workers. The numerous junctional complexes between fibrocytes are described and it is shown that these do not form zonula occludens as has been reported by other workers.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570409
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  • 113
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    Ultrastructure of the carotid body of the cat as revealed by various fixatives and the use of reserpineSupported by USPHS grants 5RO1 NB 05665, 5RO1 AM 08222 and 2RO1 NB 00690.The authors wish to acknowledge the essential and able assistance of Messers Joe Mascorro and Ricardo Morales. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 667-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Carotid bodies from 11 cats were prepared for study with the electron microscope. All cats used were initially healthy and weighed from 1.5 to 4.0 Kg. Four cats were given daily doses of reserpine 1.5 mg/Kg for 2, 3, 4 or 12 days; the other cats were untreated. Carotid bodies were fixed by immersion in Dalton's fluid, collidine buffered osmic acid or 3% potassium permanganate in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Other carotid bodies were fixed by perfusion with buffered formalin or with 3% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer. Each fixative produced distinct differences in the appearance of the carotid body, particularly in the size and opacity of the granules within the characteristic vesicles of glomus cells (type I). After Dalton's fixative the granules were faint and inconspicuous whereas after osmic acid fixation the granules were very dense but small in comparison to the size of the enclosing vesicular membrane. Aldehyde fixation resulted in very dense granules that almost completely filled the vesicles but permanganate fixation produced vesicles that were devoid of the dense central cores except for a very few. Carotid bodies from reserpine treated cats that were fixed in osmic acid displayed empty vesicles while those from reserpinized animals fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde revealed granules that differed little from normal in numbers, size and density. However, vesicles in the adrenal medulla and in sympathetic nerve endings in the pineal gland from the same animals contained empty vesicles. The results are regarded as evidence of a different degree or method of binding between catecholamines and other components of the vesicles in glomus cells when compared to similar vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570412
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  • 114
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    Book received (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 701-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570416
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  • 115
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    The development of the arterial outflow tract in the chick embryo heart (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bloodstream flow patterns have been outlined in the arterial outflow tract (ventricular outflow tract and bulbus arteriosus) of the chick embryo heart during the period in which septation takes place, Hemodynamic factors underlying flow changes during this period are discussed.The mapping of flow patterns did not support the concept of a conoventricular flange reported previously. Septation was found to take place between two separate and discrete bloodstreams.The cellular nature of the aorticopulmonary septum has been described. The spiral ridges that form this septum expand by cellular growth, explaining the ability of this septum to develop against the direction of blood flow. The aorticopulmonary septum divides about two-thirds of the arterial outflow tract; the final partitioning of the most proximal portion of the outflow tract was found to take place by means of the apposition of endocardial cushion tissue masses.Failure of aorticopulmonary septum development (truncus arteriosus communis persistens) was found to follow fusion of the bloodstreams in experimental studies. In experimental aortic stenosis the appearance of a small left stream was found to be followed by the development of a stenotic aorta. Thus in the first instance the septum apparently cannot develop unless the streams remain separate and in the second case the size of the prhnordial bloodstreams appears to determine the diameter of the vessel.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580105
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  • 116
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    Brain abnormalities in early chick embryos infected with influenza-a virusThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service grant HD 00310 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryos were inoculated with influenza-A virus over the blastoderm at 42-50 hours incubation (37°C). Surviving embryos were harvested 24 hours later, Grossly and microscopically, the developing brain exhibits a type of abnormality in which the neural wall is highly convoluted with folds projecting into the ventricular cavities, suggesting “overgrowth” of the neural tissue.A comparison of measurements on projection drawings of serial sections of virus inoculated and control embryos at comparable developmental stages indicates that the ventricular surface area, volume of brain tissue and volume of the ventricular cavity are markedly less in the experimental embryos, but average thickness of the brain wall is greater. There are fewer nuclei and mitotic figures in experimental embryos, although average nuclear and mitotic densities and mitotic index are approximately the same as control values.It is evident that the characteristic neural defect is not due to excessive growth, since the volume of brain tissue and number of cells are consistently less in experimental embryos. It is concluded that the virus infection results in an inhibition of growth of the brain wall, and that the increased thickness and foldings must result from collapse of the brain which in turn may be due to a decrease in the amount of ventricular fluid.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580102
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  • 117
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    Daily rhythmic variations in blood coagulation times in ratsThis work was supported by Research grant no 4659 from U.S.P.H.S., N.I.H. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With all other environmental factors rigidly standardized, normal Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the following schedules: (1) 12 hours of artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness-LD; (2) reversal of the first-DL; (3) constant darkness-DD, and (4) constant illumination-LL.After the animals had been under a specific lighting regimen for at least three weeks, blood coagulation times were determined on separate groups of 8 to 16 animals at bi-hourly intervals during a 24-hour period. Significant daily fluctuations or rhythms in coagulation times under all lighting conditions were found by plotting each of the bi-hourly mean values as a function of time. The temporal phasing of all rhythms in LD, DL, LL and DD were similar. The major changes found in the different lighting schedules involved overall magnitude, e.g., the overall 24-hour mean coagulation time for rats maintained in LL was 21% greater than for rats maintained in DD. Although total adrenalectomy or adrenal medullectomy did not abolish the characteristic LD rhythm, there was about a 100% decrease in the mean 24-hour coagulation time of LD adrenalectomized animals when compared to normal LD animals. No significant decrease was seen in adrenal demedullectomized animals when similarly compared with normal LD animals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570411
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  • 118
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    The recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 699-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery is of considerable applied importance. The extracerebral course of the vessel has been studied in dissection of 12 brains. Numerous variations in the course of the vessel were found and these have been presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570414
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  • 119
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    Histologie und mikroskopische anatomie des menschen. By. W. Bargmann. xvi + 856 Seiten, 671 figures, DM 72 ($23.00). Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 5th Edition 1964 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 701-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570415
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  • 120
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    Reconstruction of the human atrioventricular nodeThis investigator was supported by U.S.P.H. Research grant H-7047, and Career Award 5-K6-GM 14,092. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The right atrioventricular junction and A-V node area in each of five human hearts was studied histologically in serial sections. The A-V node of a 54-year old female was reconstructed in four colors to provide a three-dimensional model of cardiac relationships, blood supply, and nodal configuration. The nodal fibers demonstrated two laminations. A superficial layer was composed of longitudinally oriented fibers, whereas a deeper layer was composed of oblique and transversely directed fibers. The atrioventricular bundle fibers were always continuous with nodal fibers of the deeper portion of the A-V node. Atrionodal fiber junctions occur along the superior, endocardial and inferior borders of the A-V node and impart to these surfaces a spiked appearance. The potential significance of A-V node structure to atrial cardiac conduction is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580103
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  • 121
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    Asymmetrical distribution of aortic nerve fibers in the pigBased on a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana.Supported in part by General Research Support funds provided under U.S.P.H.S. grant 1-501-FR-05460. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The innervation of the aortic arch and associated arterial trunks was investigated in the pig by gross dissection, by microscopic examination of normal arterial walls, and by observation of degenerative changes following selective surgical interruption of right and left cervical vagi. It is concluded that the aortic depressor fibers of the pig are organized unilaterally, being distributed by the left vagus to arterial walls, and by observation of degenerative changes following selective surgical with the absence of a dissectable right aortic nerve, there was no histological evidence of sensory innervation in the walls of the brachiocephalic, right subclavian, bicarotid or right common carotid artery. The majority of depressor endings were located in the ventral wall of the aortic arch in a band extending between the origin of the left subclavian artery and the aortic attachment of the ligamentum arteriosum. A few were present in the dorsal wall of the aortic arch and the ventral walls of the pulmonary trunk and ligamentum arteriosum. The depressor fibers were thick, heavily myelinated, varicose, extensively branched and associated with numerous terminal and intercalated neurofibrillar corpuscles. The only epithelioid body observed was a poorly innervated, rudimentary paraganglion in the interval between the aortic arch, the pulmonary artery and the ligamentum arteriosum.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580107
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  • 122
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580201
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  • 123
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    The origin of intra-arterial cells in the pregnant uterus of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An investigation into the source of the cells present in the endometrial arteries of the pregnant Macaque is presented. By comparing the levels of sex chromatin found in these cells with those in fetal cytotrophoblast and in maternal endometrial stroma it was possible to determine that they are essentially of fetal origin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580112
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  • 124
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    Congenital malformations in nonhuman primates: Spontaneous and experimentally inducedSupported by NIH grants HD-00607, HE 06379 and DE 02012. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An attempt to survey spontaneous teratogeny among nonhuman primates bred under laboratory conditions revealed interesting but nonconclusive results. Data on controlled breeding in 2950 animals representing 12 species yielded an estimated incidence of 0.44% malformations. No indication was found that other primates display more malformations than man, and the limited information available suggests that there may be fewer spontaneous defects in nonhuman forms.Macaques and baboons appear to respond in a similar manner and to the same types of extrinsic agents as does man. Thalidomide, Rubella virus and androgenic hormones produce similar defects in comparable dosage at equivalent stages in development in both groups. Several other agents thought not to be teratogenic in man have been realistically tested in primates and also found to be non-teratogenic.Using thalidomide an attempt was made to determine the degree of sensitivity and delimit the susceptible period of Macaca mulatta to this drug. Typical limb malformations were obtained with a single dose of as little as 16 mg/kg between the twenty-fifth and thirtieth days of gestation. Comparable doses at earlier and later ages were without effect, thus defining the susceptible period. In addition, evidence of a positive dose-response relation and of a cephalocaudal gradient in teratogenesis was obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580111
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  • 125
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    Electrophoretic patterns of proteins in the blastocoelic fluid of the rabbit following ovariectomyThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS research grants HD 00585-03 and HD 01013-03 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Scientific Paper 2878, College of Agriculture Research Center, Project 1698. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 286 blastocysts were recovered 6 to 8 days post coitum (p.c.) from untreated or ovariectomized rabbits. The weight of the blastocyst and the volume of the blastocoelic fluid increased at a linear rate from seven to seven and one-half days p.c., thereafter they increased more rapidly. The weight of the embryonic tissue did not change appreciably between seven and eight days p.c. The appearance of protein in the fluid was dependent on the stage of development, albumin being first detectable at six days p.c. Seven days p.c., β-globulin was detectable, followed by α- and γ-globulins (seven and one-quarter days p.c.) and fibrinogen (seven and one-half days p.c.). Seven and one-half days p.c., the electrophoretic distribution of proteins was qualitatively similar to that of the maternal serum and peritoneal fluid, however, quantitatively different. Ovariectomy at six days p.c. had no effect 24 hours later on blastocyst growth or blastocoelic fluid volume. In contrast, ovariectomy at six and one-half days p.c. had a negative effect 24 hours later on blastocyst growth, blastocoelic fluid enhancement and albumin accumulation in the fluid. These latter three phenomena were alleviated by administration of progesterone.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580202
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  • 126
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    The histological fine structure of perineuriumSupported by NIH grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Extraocular muscles of the rat possess numerous nerves suitable for the study of fine structure. In these muscles, small nerves made up of one to ten myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers are surrounded by two or three layers of perineurium. The perineurium is arranged in concentric sleeves, each one cell thick. Continuous boundary membranes separate the perineural sleeves from the epineural and endoneural tissue space, but the boundary membranes may be spotty or absent between individual sleeves. The presence of boundary membranes around perineural cells distinguishes them from nearby fibroblasts which lack similar membranous investment. Tight intercellular junctions join the cells comprising each sleeve so that the nerves are completely ensheathed in perineurium. The number of sleeves decreases as the nerve becomes smaller, either by the termination of the innermost sleeve or by the loss of a sleeve as the nerve branches. The last sleeve ends shortly before the termination of the nerve. The perineurium is thus open-ended peripherally and, at these places, the epineurium and endoneurium are continuous. Continuities between the epineurium and endoneurium also exist at the entrance and exit of blood vessels supplying the nerve and at points where reticular fibers pierce the perineurium. These structural features correlate well with the action of the perineurium as a diffusion barrier and as a pathway in the transmission of infections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580207
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  • 127
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    The junctional specializations of sertoli cells in the seminiferous epitheliumSupported by a research grant RG-06729 and training grant G-406 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Attention is directed to an unusual type of junctional complex between Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium. The space between the membranes of adjoining cells is narrowed to 70-90 Å over large areas of their contact surfaces. In the superficial cytoplasm of each cell is an extensive cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum, parallel to the membrane and 400-600 Å from it. Spaced at more or less regular intervals in the thin layer of cytoplasm between the cisterna and the cell membrane are periodic densities that appear to be band-like aggregations of fine filaments. The sub-surface cisternae are smooth-contoured on the side toward the cell membrane but bear ribosomes on the side facing the cytoplasm. The possible significance of these distinctive junctions is discussed in relation to the support of the germ cells and the coordination of the developmental events in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580210
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  • 128
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    A method for intracardial injections on ratsThis investigation was supported by a USPHS grant HD 00177 from the National Institue of Child Health and Human Development, Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for applicating liquid material into the circulation of rats via the heart is described and the applicability is exemplified in some illustrations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580213
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  • 129
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580301
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  • 130
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    Gross and microscopic observations on the communicating branch of the facial nerve to the lesser petrosal nerveThis investigation was partially supported by United States Public Health Service grant FR 05388. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The contents of the facial canal (first and second parts of the facial nerve, and geniculate ganglion), the tympanic plexus, the greater and lesser petrosal nerves, and all intervening connections were dissected in 40 cadavers. This entire nerve complex was removed in 30 cases, and in parts in ten cases, dehydrated, and stained with Sudan Black B or Protargol. A constant communication from the second part of the facial nerve, the geniculate ganglion, or the greater petrosal nerve was observed to pass to the lesser petrosal nerve in all dissections. A review of the literature indicates other points relative to the exchange of autonomic fibers between the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580304
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  • 131
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    The skin of the whale (Balaenoptera physalus)Publication no. 268 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant FR 00163 of the National Institutes of Health and by funds from grant AM 08445, Biology of the Skin of Man and Other Primates. Also supported by the Revlon Research Center, Inc., New York. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Skin specimens were obtained from every representative region of the body of an adult Finback whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and examined by means of various histochemical and histological techniques. The following characteristic features were found:The epidermis is exceedingly thick over the general body surfaces and varies from a maximum of 3.0 mm over the ventral surface to 2.5 mm on the back.The complex understructure of the epidermis has rete ridges oriented to the craniocaudad body axis.The papillary layer of the dermis has long and pointed papillae which are wedged into the epidermis.The sensory cutaneous nerve endings demonstrated by silver impregnation and cholinesterase consist predominantly of small Vater-Pacini corpuscles situated in the higher level of the dermis.The intricate blood capillary network, positive for alkaline phosphatase is encased in the dermal papillae.There are no hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590110
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  • 132
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    Chemotaxis of mature and immature blood cells in tissue culturesThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant CA 05493 from the National Cancer Institute. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chemotactic behavior of the cells of bone marrow, lymph node, and buffy coat has been studied in tissue culture. Heat-attenuated S. aureus was found to be a consistent and convenient chemotactic agent. Mature granulocytes showed chemotaxis to this agent, whereas bone marrow stem cells did not show chemotaxis. In this respect they behaved like lymphocytes of peripheral blood or of lymphatic tissue, which also do not exhibit chemotactic behavior. The chemotactic, locomotory and morphologic similarities between the lymphocyte and the stem cell of the bone marrow are discussed in relation to the developmental potencies of these cells. Chemotactic behavior of the granulocytes appears to develop between the myelocyte and the metamyelocyte stages. It is possible that the granulocytes have differences in chemotactic ability in vivo also, which could be a factor in the selective migration of the mature granulocytes from their extravascular sites of formation into the peripheral blood. Cells of the erythrocyte series did not show chemotaxis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590115
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  • 133
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    Two cases of intersex in rabbits (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A description is given of two intersex rabbits, which appeared to be females and, in the course of an experiment, were injected with chorionic gonadotrophin, and then matted with a male. When the animals were sacrificed six days later, the reproductive system was found to be absent except for testes located in the abdomen. On histological examination of the gonads, large amounts of interstitial tissue were found, together with immature seminiferous tubules. The tubules contained large atypical cells, spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The chromosome number and karyotype, as determined from bone marrow, were male in each case. The intersex pattern and the morphology of the large cells within the seminiferous tubules are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590202
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  • 134
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    The juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetal and newborn mice (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kidneys of timed fetal and newborn mice of the C57BL stock were sectioned and stained with a modified Bowie technique. The juxtaglomerular cells, indentifiable by their granularity and position, were recognized rather late in fetal life  -  three or four days before birth. By the eighth day postpartum, the granular cells of the JGA had reached a peak of differentiation and closely resembled the adult JGA in their number, size, granularity, and position. The mesangial cell was often but not always granulated. The granular cell indices (G.C.I.) of fetal, newborn, and adult mice are compared. The high G.C.I. in fetal kidneys in our studies should account for the high renin titre found by others in fetal kidney extracts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590206
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  • 135
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    Lymphotaxis induced by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of fibroblasts in tissues cultured from mouse embryosThis investigation was supported in part by a PHS Research Grant GM-09397, from the Division of General Medical Sciences, U. S. Public Health Services, and in part by Institutional Grants from the American Cancer Society. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When portions of the cytoplasm of fibroblasts cultured from mouse embryo tissues are irradiated with heterochromatic microbeams of ultraviolet light, lymphocytes are attracted (Lymphotaxis) to the injured areas. The lymphocytes approach in the “hand mirror” shape characteristic of tissue cultures. On reaching the fibroblast, pseudopodia shoot out to “lick” the wound and then the lymphocyte “worms” its way across the cell. Only one lymphocyte contacts a fibroblast but the same one may make several passes. It is postulated that lymphocytes are cleaning the wounded area of undesirable irradiation products and/or applying healing substances to the wounded fibroblast.Irradiation of lymphocytes in portions of the cytoplasm fails to evoke responses from nearlby lymphocytes. Instead, the cytoplasm whirls around the nucleus as if the irradiation products can not leave the cell, resulting in convulsions and death.A technique is described by which relatively pure cultures of lymphocytes may be obtained from leukocyte cultures by selectively killing all granular leukocytes with excessive exposure to microbeams of ultraviolet light. Lymphocytes are harvested and introduced into fibroblast cultures to study experimental lymphotaxis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590209
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  • 136
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    A radioautographic study of cell proliferation in the mammary gland of the pregnant mouseThis investigation was supported by grant HD-01009 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Proliferation of the mammary gland epithelium on days 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 19 pregnancy has been studied in mice, by means of radioautography. Each animal received an intraperitoneal injection of 25°c of tritiated thymidine and was killed one hour later. The inguinal mammary glands were processed for paraffin sectioning and radioautographs prepared using the dipping technique. The rate of mammary epithelial cell proliferation was quantitated for each animal by determining the percent of labeled epithelial cells in a large sample (〉 2000 cells) of cells (labeling index).The data showed that the proliferative activity of the mammary epithelium during pregnancy followed a bimodal distribution. The first evidence of a proliferative response to pregnancy was noted on day 3. By day 4, the labeling index reached a maximum of 25.3%. The labeling index declined on days 6 and 8 to 7.5% and 8.0% respectively. On day 12, the labeling index increased to 12.1%, then fell to 7.9% and 1.3% on day 16 and 19, respectively.Separate labeling indexes were determined for the interlobular epithelium (ducts) on day 12, 16, and 19. The data showed that the labeling indexes of the interlobular and intralobular epithelium during these stages of pregnancy were not significantly different. The correlation of the hormones secreted during pregnancy with the data on mammary epithelial proliferation is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590213
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  • 137
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    Alpharadiographic and histological observations on the skeletal effects of hypervitaminoses A and D in the rat (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Male Holtzman rats were fed large doses of vitamin A, D or A and D for 43 days. Sections of the tibia demineralized in EDTA were submitted to alpharadiography or stained by a variety of procedures, including mucopolysaccharide histochemistry. The results were as follows: (1)In hypervitaminosis D, slightly increased periosteal apposition of normal bone; greatly increased maturation of osteocytes with lacunar enlargement and confluence, interstitial metachromasia and loss of density (osteocytic osteolysis).(2)In hypervitaminosis A, large growth of abnormally stained cancellous bone at periosteum and stimulation of osteolysis in new and old bone.(3)In combined A and D hypervitaminoses, the peripheral apposition rate exceeded that induced by vitamin A or vitamin D alone. The new bone appeared fragile and this combined with increased osteolysis was responsible for a number of spontaneous fractures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580408
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    The ampulloglomerular organ: An unusual neurovascular complex in the suboccipital regionSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grant HE 10961-01 and The Stroke Research Center, Philadelphia General Hospital, Phila., Pa. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of venous sacculations associated wth a system of glomerular arteriovenous anastomoses and numerous nerves lies adjacent to the vertebral artery. As thin walled extensions of a dural sinus, these ampullae are structurally capable of responding to changes in venous pressure. The function of their glomerular connections to branches of the vertebral artery is not apparent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590208
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  • 139
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590301
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  • 140
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    A comparison of the in vivo incorporation of S35 methionine by two-celled mouse eggs and blastocysts (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five-day-old mouse blastocysts were transferred into the oviducts of recipients on the second day of pregnancy. S35 methionine was then injected into the recipients and the blastocysts and native 2-celled eggs were recovered six hours later. Radioautographs reveal that the blastocysts incorporate S35 methionine while exposed to the tubal environment to the same degree that they would in the uterus. However, the 2-celled eggs in the same oviducal environment incorporate little or no methionine. It is therefore concluded that the difference in the incorporation of S35 methionine is due to maturational changes in the blastocyst rather than to a deficiency of the labelled amino acid in the tubal lumen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590302
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    A technique of decalcification suited to electron microscopy of tissues closely associated with boneThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant NB-04993 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness and National Science Foundation grant GB-4159. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Systematic experiments have resulted in a method of decalcification which, although specifically developed for cytological study of reptilian aural tissue, should be applicable to other problems involving electron microscopy of organic components of bone or tissues closely associated with bone. Reptilian otic capsules and control specimens of mammalian hepatic tissue were subjected to planned variations of fixatives and decalcifying agents, embedded, sectioned, and evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Additionally, applicability of the more satisfactory agents to other mammalian tissue was checked by limited testing on specimens from Mongolian gerbils. Acceptable results were achieved in tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde, and then decalcified in cold 0.1 M solutions of disodium or tetrasodium EDTA (adjusted to pH 7.2-7.4 with sodium hydroxide or versenic acid, respectively), containing 4.0% glutaraldehyde; following decalcification, specimens were washed in buffer, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and embedded in epoxy resins with minor modification of standard techniques. Acceptable cytological detail and morphological relationships were retained, and extended treatment with the decalcifying solution did not apparently result in degradation of tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590306
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    Effects of cadmium upon the excurrent duct system of the rat testisThis research project was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health General Research Support Grant, and in part by the Ernest L. Woodward Fund, of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. A prehminary report of these studies was presented before the 78th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, April, 1963 (Anat. Rec., 151: 382. 1965). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes lesions observed in excurrent ducts of the testis in 152 of 518 rats, in the course of studies concerned with cadmium-induced testis injury and the actions of selenium and zinc, separately and combined, in protecting against such damage. All elements were injected subcutaneously, as soluble salts. Necropsy was usually five days (77% of rats) after cadmium injection, but lesions were observed within six hours.Ductuli efferentes showed variable degrees of sperm blockage, epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, periductal round cell infiltration, fibrosis and contraction. In 56 of 93 rats showing only ductuli lesions, testes were either normal or exhibited dilation of the rete testis and of variable numbers of seminiferous tubules, with or without “pressure degeneration” of the germinal epithelium. In the other 37 rats, the testes showed cadmium-induced injury.Lesions involving both ductuli efferentes and proximal segments of the caput epididymis (13 rats), or the latter alone (46 rats), tended to be associated with more severe testis damage. Epididymal lesions were characterized by focal proliferation and desquamation of duct epithelia, and formation of spermatoceles.The lesions observed were attributed primarily to ischemia, secondary to effects of cadmium upon the capillary bed of the tissues involved. However, their possible enhancement or modification by direct chemical action of cadmium, selenium or zinc upon the duct system or perivascular tissues could not be excluded.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590308
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    The effect of bilateral or unilateral adrenalectomy and bilateral thyroidectomy on the anterior pituitary of perinatal ratsThis work was supported by USPHS Research grant TW 00161 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of volume of the anterior pituitary and diameter of pituitary cells and differential counts of acidophilic and basophilic cells were made under normal or experimental condition of bilateral or unilateral adrenalectomy or bilateral thyroidectomy in late fetal and newborn rats. The pituitary volume showed a consistent rise from the twentieth day of pregnancy to the third day after birth, but not as rapidly relatively as did body weight. Just after birth, the cell diameter declined. Acidophilic and basophilic cells increased in per cent and stained more intensely.In fetuses, bilateral adrenalectomy caused an increase in both the “pituitary volume/body weight” ratio and the cell diameter. Unilateral adrenalectomy caused an increase in the cell diameter. Thyroidectomy showed an increase in both the cell diameter and the per cent of basophilic cells which were partially degranulated.In newborns, bilateral adrenalectomy caused the death of all operated rats. Unilateral adrenalectomy caused no significant change in all categories observed. Thyroidectomy showed an increase in per cent of basophilic cells, but not to the extent observed in fetuses. The basophilic cells were somewhat degranulated.The observations support the views that in the rat the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid systems begin to function before birth and that the functioning of both systems is slightly reduced just after birth.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590404
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  • 144
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    Electron microscopic observations of dense bodies in parietal cells of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)Supported by NSF grants GB-6984 and GB-4159 and USPHS grant FR-05423. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 387-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parietal cells of the fundic region of the stomach in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) contain numerous electron-dense bodies which have different morphologies. Granular dense bodies are the most common, with lamellar and crystalloid forms less frequent; angular dense bodies with bizarre profiles are seen rarely. In random counts on sections of identical thickness, profiles of electron dense bodies averaged five per cell section and as many as 20 to 30 per cell section are found occasionally. These structures bear a striking resemblance to lysosomes described by other workers. Electron microscopic studies were made of frozen sections of the stomach incubated in Gomori's substrate mixture. Results indicated a discrete localization of acid phosphatase reaction products within the dense bodies. Studies on glutaraldehyde fixed material without further fixation in osmium tetroxide demonstrate features not readily discernable with standard osmium fixation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590408
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    Cellular dynamics in the jejunum of essential fatty acid deficient miceThis work was supported by USPHS grant 5-T01-CA-05007-10.This investigation represents a portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Division of Biological and Medical Sciences, Brown University. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The population dynamics of the jejunal epithelium of mice maintained on a semi-synthetic diet deficient in the essential fatty acids (EFA) has been investigated. Colchicine was employed to collect mitotic figures for the determination of mitotic indices. Twenty-five crypts in longitudinal section were counted per animal and the mean mitotic index computed as the number of mitoses per total number of crypt cells. EFA-deficient animals had a mean mitotic index of 36.56 as compared with 26.51 and 16.74 for the linoleic acid-supplemented and chow-fed control animals, respectively. Counts of the number of epithelial cells on one side of a villus and crypt indicated that the height of the villi, but not the crypts, of the EFA-deficient animals was significantly lower than either control group. In the EFA-deficient animals the mean percentage of villi having extrusion zones exceeded that of both control groups. Radioautography demonstrated that 36 hours after injection of tritiated thymidine the majority of villi in the EFA-deficient animals were labeled at their tips, whereas in control samples label was restricted to the lower one-half to three-fourths of the villus. Thus, EFA-deficiency induces increased rates of mitosis, migration and sloughing, resulting in alterations in villous architecture.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590411
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  • 146
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    The passage of exogenous peroxidase from blood capillaries into the intestinal epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3-3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
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    The vascular architecture of the small intestinal mucosa of the monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Silicone rubber microvascular injection compounds have been used to describe the mucosal vascular architecture of the monkey's small intestine. The mucosal vascular patterns of this animal differ from the classical description. Instead of the villus blood supply being delivered via a central villus arteriole, the arterioles ramify to the undersurface of the mucosa where they terminate in the capillary plexus surrounding the crypts of Lieberkuhn. The villus capillary net is derived directly from the cryptic capillary plexus and is drained by a single, central villus vein. There is a secondary venous return system that directly drains the cryptic plexus. These secondary venous channels might represent a mechanism that regulates the proportional distribution of blood in the cryptic and villus capillary beds.This report is intended to describe the vascular patterns only as they occur in the monkey. Observations of rat and rabbit mucosa prepared by the same technique reveal arterial and venous channels extending the length of the villi. These animals, therefore, more closely resemble the classical description.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590210
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    Developing boundary (basement) membranes in the chick embryoSupported by grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The primordia of boundary (basement) membranes are present in the freshly laid egg along the basal surface of the epiblast. This location provides boundary membranes for all ectodermal derivatives including the central nervous system. Entodermal boundary membranes begin to form during the first half of the second day and eventually serve all entodermal derivatives. Mesodermal boundary membranes are slower to form. Those around the myotomes undergo considerable remodeling before the adult arrangement is reached. Endothelial boundary membranes are very slow to develop, not having appeared at 36 hours incubation.
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  • 149
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    Microradiography of intrapulmonary bronchial veins of the dogSupported by National Institutes of Health grants HE 06780-05 and HE 08932-03. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microradiographs of 100-300 μ slices of dog lungs which had pulmonary veins injected with barium sulphate showed good filling of brochial veins. Bronchial veins joined pulmonary veins at frequent intervals along the longitudinal axis and around the circumference of bronchi. Frequently, pulmonary veins and pulmonary capillaries entered the bronchial venous system, suggesting venous flow from lung to bronchus. Single veins along the margin of small bronchi (1 mm) received both pulmonary venous and bronchial venous blood. Therefore, there was a particularly intimate relationship between pulmonary and bronchial veins. The submucous venous plexus was prominent and was composed of thin-walled, 50 μ-diameter veins which had surprisingly direct connections to pulmonary veins. The proximity of a large venous plexus to the airway lumen suggested that oxygen transport could occur, thereby reducing venous admixture of the arterial blood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590303
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    Endometrial and embryonic enzymes in relation to implantation of the rabbit blastocyst (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GD) has been determined in the rabbit endometrium at estrus, in pseudopregnancy, and at days 5-10 of pregnancy. Enzyme analyses were also made on the placenta and embryo during early pregnancy.The most striking changes were increases in the SDH and GDH levels of the endometrium and a decrease in amylase when the does became pregnant or pseudopregnant. Amylase did not rise significantly from its lower level between five and ten days of pregnancy; SDH and GDH activity, however, fell away after reaching a maximum prior to implantation. At implantation there was some evidence of an increase in LDH and phosphatase activity. All enzymes had lower activities following implantation (10 days pregnancy). The endometrial enzyme activities of prepubertal does were usually similar to those of adult females in estrus. However, alkaline phosphatase activity of the prepubertal endometrium was particularly low.The activity of enzymes in the placental areas were, in general, similar to those found in the interplacental areas of the endometrium. However, from 7-10 days of pregnancy the activity of SDH was lower in the placental area than in the interplacental areas; whereas, amylase was higher on the eighth and ninth days of pregnancy. Changes in the activities of the phosphatases, GOT and SDH occurred in the blastocyst and trophoblast on eight to ten days of pregnancy. Enzyme activities in blastocoelic fluid were much less than in the trophoblast with the exception of amylase which was higher.
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  • 151
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    Time of transuterine migration and distribution of embryos in the pigThis investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant HD 01987 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The time of intrauterine migration and spacing of embryos was determined in 36 gilts with one oviduct occluded, and in 48 gilts with one ovary. Embryos could enter the uterus from one oviduct only. Uteri of seven pregnant gilts were examined on each of days 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 of gestation. Migration of embryos from one horn to the other usually occurred first on day 8 or 9. The uterus was occupied completely by day 15. Rate of migration and distribution of embryos was not affected by number of embryos, number of corpora lutea, or by uterine length. Uterine length did not change between days 6 and 15. Bilateral ovariectomy after breeding was associated with arrested growth of embryos, a decreased rate of embryo migration and a reduction in uterine length.
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    The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organSupported by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Helsinki, Finland and the National Research Council for Medical Sciences, Finland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of excess thyroxine, thiouracil and thyroidectomy upon the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ, the choroid plexus and the wall of the caudal part of the third cerebral ventricle in the adult male albino rats were studied. A total of 203 rats were used. Thiouracil and thyroxine were administered orally, thyroidectomy was performed by means of radioiodine. Thiouracil was seen to diminish the ependymal nuclear volume especially in the subcommissural organ and in the wall of the third ventricle. Similar effects were observed by thyroidectomy, though the change was significant only in the ependyma covering the wall of the third ventricle. Excess thyroxine, again, increased nuclear volume of all ependymal cells studied. The changes could be observed over a period of 4-18 days. The signs of a return to normal after withdrawal of thyroxine and thiouracil were perceived after four days. Visual estimation revealed no clear change in aldehyde-fuchsin-positive “secretory material” in the subcommissural organ of any test group. The functional significance of the results is discussed.
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    Dedication (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570102
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570101
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    Follicle stimulation as an intrinsic property of human chorionic gonadotropin (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antiserum to human chorionic gonadotropin (anti-HCG) with measured capacity to inhibit its antigen was used in conjunction with HCG in intact immature and in hypophysectomized female rats to determine if this hormone has intrinsic follicle stimulating properties. In intact rats, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 I.U. of HCG were given alone and in conjunction with anti-HCG. In hypophysectomized rats, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, and 6400 I.U. of HCG were given alone and with anti-HCG. Anti-HCG inhibited both the second rise in ovarian weight in intact females and follicular development in hypophysectomized females in a manner anticipated on the basis that these responses depended upon the HCG molecule. In hypophysectomized females inhibitition of follicular growth preceded inhibition of interstitial cell development. This result is also in accord with the view that both of these responses depend upon the HCG molecule.The anti-HCG serum did not inhibit synergism between HCG and NIH-FSH-S1, an ovine pituitary FSH, with doses of 100 and 200 I.U. of HCG combined with 240 m̈g of FSH. An amount of antiserum which would inhibit 500 I.U. of HCG augmented rather than inhibited the response to 1000 μg of NIH-FSH-S1 (43 mg ovarian weight as compared to 29 mg).We conclude from these data that the HCG molecule has intrinsic follicle stimulating properties.
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    Androgen-induced masculinization in the ovariectomized and hysterectomized guinea pig (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previously it had been demonstrated that daily injections of testosterone propionate (T.P.) will not induce male-like mounting nor clitoral hypertrophy in pregnant guinea pigs to the extent it will in non-pregnant females. In addition, administered progesterone had been shown effective producing a similar behavioral, but not somatic, “protection.” In an attempt to clarify the relationships of endogenous progesterone producing organs and this antiandrogen protective phenomenon the behavioral and somatic responses of females ovariectomized while pregnant and females hysterectomized (made pseudopregnant) while non-pregnant were studied.Guinea pigs were hysterectomized on the sixth day of their ovarian cycle and ovariectomized 60 days later. Additional groups of females were mated and then ovariectomized on the thirty-sixth or forty-sixth day of gestation. Groups of normal pregnant females, aborted females, and sham operated controls were also studied.All groups received daily injections of T.P. starting on the eighteenth day of pregnancy and continuing for the duration of the experiment (116 days). With these androgen treatments masculinization or protection from maculinization was evaluated on the basis of periodic sex behavior tests and on the basis of daily inspection of the external genitalia.The results indicate that protection from testosterone propionate-induced virilization is offered by exogenously administered progesterone as well as by an endogenous progestagen-producing structure such as the corpora lutea of the ovary in a hysterectomized female or the placenta in a pregnant animal. Some factor other than progesterone production is involved and the neural and somatic tissues exhibit different response thresholds.
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    Postnatal development of sensitivity to estrogen and androgen in male, female and psuedohermaphroditic guinea pigsPublication no. 211 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center supported in part by grant FR 00163 of the National Institutes of Health and in part by research grants MH 504 and 08634 from the National Institute of Mental Health, United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lordosis responses on the day of birth were measured in female pseudohermaphrodites, their male siblings, and control females and males. All subjects displayed lordosis. Differences in average duration of the response were not significant.Relationships between exogenous estrogen and display of lordosis at later ages were studied in gonadectomized subjects. At seven days, estrogen did not induce lordosis in any subject. All normal females displayed lordosis at 21, 35, 60, and 90 days, and estrogen-sensitivity increased steadily. Pseudohermaphrodites failed to respond to hormones until 35 days, and responses were infrequent and abbreviated. Age at time of ovariectomy did not influence performance of pseudohermaphrodites. Males showed lowest responsiveness to estrogen over all ages.Pseudohermaphrodites resembled the male in postnatal responsiveness to androgen. Although postnatal testosterone induced mounting behavior in normal females, pseudohermaphrodites, like males, displayed more mounting and mounted at earlier ages.Results suggest that prenatal androgen has not impaired the neural mechanism for lordosis at birth. Rather it acts to alter, during the fetal stage, the mechanism which normally directs the development of estrogen-sensitivity of the neural mechanism in the genetic female. Additionally, prenatal androgen lowers the hormonal threshold for mounting behavior.
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    Effect of a single dose of anti-LH-serum at proestrus on the rat estrous cycleA preliminary report of some of this work was presented at the 47th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, June, 1965.This investigation was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grants HD 00440 and A 3064. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 137-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that pentobarbital administration at 2 p.m. of proestrus in the rat blocks ovulation and the drop in pituitary LH content normally seen at estrus; these data were interpreted as indicating that the drug acted by blocking LH release. Signs of prolongation of estrogen secretion were seen in these rats and, in the absence of further treatment, ovulation occurred 24 hours later. In the present study a single dose of anti-ovine-LH-serum administered at 1 p.m. of proestrus also blocked ovulation, but did not prevent the drop in pituitary content on the moring of “estrus.” Therefore, one may conclude that this blockade was the result of preventing the peripheral effects of LH on the ovary. The antiserum blockade did not produce prolongation of estrogen secretion and no rat ovulated within the next four days. During this time pituitary LH content was normal, as were ovarian and uterine weight, although large follicles, rather than recent corpora lutea, were seen in the ovary. Six rats were followed until the next vaginal cornification (by 6 days); only three of the six had ovulated by day seven. The contrast between the sequelae of pentobarbital and antiserum blockade is interpreted in the light of a new theory of regulation of reproductive cyclicity in the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570204
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    Sexual behavior patterns in the prepubertally castrate ratSupported by grant GB-914 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Prepubertally castrate female rats are capable of showing the lordosis response when given replacement therapy with female sex steroids, regardeless of age at which the ovaries are removed post birth, or when replacement therapy is commenced after adulthood. Estrogen alone is reraly a sufficient stimulus for behavioral estrus. Therefore the natural physiological trigger for estrous behavior in the rat is likely estrogen plus progesterone. Prepubertally castrate male or female rats never showed any male or female behavior following androgen implant in the brain. All rats castrated on day three or ealier, and given implants of estrogen plus progesterone in the preoptic hypothalamic area displayed the lordosis response. Thus the female sex response pattern is present in both sexes in the absence of gonadal hormones from birth. Brain development in the male castrate at birth does not appear to be identical to brain development in the female castrate at birth because a number of males showed the complete male sexual response pattern plus the female response pattern following neural implant of estrogen plus progesteron. The genotypic male thus appears to possess the information necessary to produce the neural connections for male and female sexual response patterns. Androgen acting at birth disrupts the development of the feminine response pattern so that the adult male ordinarily displays only the copulatory pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570209
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  • 160
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    Relationships of leydig cell characteristics and intratesticular testosterone levels to sexual activity in the African elephant (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histological characteristics of testis tissues from 25 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) collected in Uganda, showed no consistent relationships among the following variables: Leydig cell size, cytoplasmic characteristics, and abundance; testicular testosterone content; and age. From these findings, plus field observations of sexual behavior, emerges the hypothesis that individual cyclicity in Leydig cell function was inherent in the elephant population studied. Testosterone content of testes from 32 elephants (including the 25 studied histologically) suggested that lone bulls were not of a senile nature since they contained relatively large quantities of testosterone and were relatively young (from about 12 to 25 years of age). Also, lone bulls were observed searching out estrous females. Among bulls collected from family units and herds, testosterone levels and behavior differed conspicuously. Behavior appeared to be directly related to testosterone content in several instances. Nonaggressive behavior among members of bull herds, plus the high proportion of such aggressive behavior among members of bull herds, plus the high proportion of such individuals with low testosterone content, suggest that some of these animals were in a depressed phase of sexual activity whereas others were undergoing pubertal development.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570210
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  • 161
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    Effects of beef insulin upon the granulation of beta cells in cultures of pancreases of fetal rats from diabetic mothersThis study was supported in part by N.I.H. grants HD412, AM6517, and AM5127. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Portions of pancreases were removed from nineteen and one-half day fetuses from diabetic and nondiabetic rats. These explants were grown for four days in organ culture by the watch glass method.Four types of culture media were used: standard medium containing 165 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar standard medium supplemented with 0.70 to 2.20 mU per ml of insulin (beef); high glucose medium containing 1050 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar high glucose medium supplemented with 0.65 to 2.00 mU per ml of insulin (beef).In cultures of pancreases grown on standard media both with and without added insulin, there were large increases in the number of granulated beta cells.In cultures of pancreases of fetuses from diabetic rats, which were grown on high glucose medium, the high level of glucose maintained the cultures in a simulated diabetic environment in which few granulated beta cells appeared. Conversely, when the cultures of fetuses from diabetic rats were grown on high glucose medium with added insulin, there was an increase in the number of granulated beta cells.These observations suggest that the insulin level in the culture medium influences the granulation of the beta cell.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570302
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  • 162
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    Variability in body and organ weights in the newborn dog and cat compared with that in the adult (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Body and organ weights of 24 newborn dogs and 35 newborn cats were studied. All of the measurements, except weights of hypophysis, spinal cord and testes are larger in the dogs. As percentages of body weight, the organs are more equally divided, with seven organs relatively heavier in the dogs and eight in the cats. All except two of the measurements of the newborn dogs are more variable than in the newborn cats.All of the organs are significantly correlated with body weight in the dogs and all except one, in the cats. All 15 of the organs are significantly correlated with body length in the dogs and 13, in the cats. The intercorrelations of the organ weights are somewhat higher in the dogs.The coefficients of variation of the newborn are compared with similar coefficients in adult dogs and cats. Body weight, body length and the kidneys are more variable in the adult dogs and the other organs, so far as data are available, are more variable in the newborn dogs of both sexes. Seven organs are more variable in adult male cats and three in females. The newborn dog is more variable in body and organ weights than the newborn cat, but weights of body and organs are better correlated in the newborn dog than in the newborn cat.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570305
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  • 163
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    The effects of ovarian hormones on uterine phosphatases of the rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endometrial acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied histochemically in rhesus monkeys treated with various combinations of estrogen (E, 17β-estradiol and/or estriol), progesterone (P) and relaxin (R) or a low potent relaxin control preparation (NRF). In the cells of the uterine glands of the E-treated animal, the apical cytoplasm showed intense activity of both phosphatases. This estrogenic response was depressed in the stratum functionale by P and in the stratum basale by PR. With E, acid phosphatase-staining granules appeared in scattered stromal cells with eccentric nuclei. Addition of P or PR increased the number of acid phosphatase positive stromal cells, especially in the stratum functionale. With the exception of the sinus-like channels and superficial vessels of the stratum functionale of monkeys treated with ER and EPR, all endothelium of capillary and precapillary vessels was rich in alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, acid alkaline phosphatases appear to be metabolically important components of the endometrium which undergo cyclic variation and reflect specific influences of the ovarian hormones; estrogens, progesterone and relaxin. The implications to human menstrual physiology are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570307
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  • 164
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    Bony pelvic sexual dimorphism in the ratThis investigation was supported in whole by Public Health Service Research Grant AM09499, from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.From a thesis submitted by the senior author to the Faculty of the Yale University School of Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the M.D. degree. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 517-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal pelvic dimorphism is the result of the male pelvis acquiring morphological features during postnatal development that differ from those of the female. The first dimorphic features appear at 32 days of age. At 76 days of age the male pelvis has eleven dimorphic features that constitute the dimorphism of the normal adult. The development of five of the 11 features is dependent on the presence of the testes, whereas, the other six develop independently of the testes. The testes-dependent features develop in males castrated at birth and treated with testosterone. The postnatal development of the female-type pelvis in the normal female is not dependent on the presence of the ovaries.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570311
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  • 165
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    A radioautographic study of proliferation in brown fat of the rat after exposure to coldSupported by a research grant (04921) from National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, U.S.P.H.S. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 537-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Radioautographs of the interscapular brown fat of six weeks old animals showed that within 24 hours after cold exposure at 4°-5°C, proliferation increased in endothelium of the already profuse capillary network and also that of arterioles and especially that of venules. This continued at a high level for 48 hours then declined. Extravascular fat precursor cells but not fat cells showed an increased proliferative activity at 48 hours cold exposure which continued until 96 hours. By eight days, adaptation to the cold occurred and proliferative activity was not increased thereafter nor did it occur significantly in animals seven months old. Animals exposed to cold 48 hours, given thymidine-H3, and then returned to a temperature of 23°C for a week or more showed a considerable number of labeled fat cells which presumably were precursor cells when the thymidine-H3 was given. When the interscapular brown fat was denervated on one side, there was no loss of lipid nor increased proliferative activity in the vascular or extravascular cells on that side after 48 hours cold exposure. The normally innervated opposite side, however, had more proliferating cells than usual, especially in the endothelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570313
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  • 166
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    Modification of the endoplasmic reticulum in some mammalian oocytesThis study was supported by USPHS grant HD-01110 of the National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oocytes of the hamster, rat, Mongolian gerbil and squirrel monkey demonstrate an unusual “twin” or multilaminated arrangement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Two or more cisternae appose laterally apparently after the ribosomes vanish from the adjacent surfaces. A central electron dense leaflet, composed of filamentous components can be discerned between the apposed surfaces. Between two cisternae of the membrane complex found in hamster oocytes, narrow connecting pillars or walls also develop. The nuclear envelope frequently represents one cisternal element in the membrane complex, at which place nuclear pores are lacking. In rat oocytes the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae take on either a concentric form, apparently by end-to-end fusion of “twin” cisternal membranes, or form a spiral by several turns of the same cisternum. No functional role could be suggested for the observed specilization of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580108
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  • 167
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    The morphology of valves in cerebral arteries of the ratSupported by grant HE 09041 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Valves associated with major arterial branches at the base of the brain in rats were studied after fixation by perfusion with buffered aldehydes. These endothelial covered structures are entirely intimal. All cellular and non-cellular elements of their core are laminated, including the PAS positive ground substance. Smooth muscle and nerve endings are not demonstrable. Reticular fibers form a substantial sheath around the base of each valve. Their location and morphology suggest that they may serve a regulatory function in maintaining proper intracerebral blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570308
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  • 168
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of elephants (Elephas indicus and Loxodonta africana)A part of this work was read at the 32nd Anatomical Meeting of Kanto District, May 14, 1966, Tokyo. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Frozen sections from Indian and African elephant tongues were investigated neurohistologically. On the dorsum there are 3 to 5 vallate papillae. Foliate papillae consisting of 18 to 27 clefts are observed in the posterolateral region of the tongue. Wart-like papillae are distributed along the lateral border of the tongue from the foliate papillae region to the apex. Vallate and foliate papillae contain serous glands but have no taste buds. They are supplied with abundant lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type in their upper mucosa. The wart-like papillae are composed of two or more papillae, each of which has many secondary papillae supplied with plexiform thin and thick nerves. They bear a few taste buds and contain lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type.From these neurohistologic characteristics wart-like papillae should be regarded as a receptive organ for secretion of the lingual glands. Lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type are widely distributed over the whole surface of the tongue. The histologic location of these two structures is of interest in suggesting that they together play important roles as receptors of taste and tactile sensations during mastication of food. Double motor end plates are found on single muscle fibers. The mixed glands which are plentiful in the inferolateral area of the tongue are in close topographic relation with the wart-like papillae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570310
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  • 169
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570401
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  • 170
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    Subcommissural organ, lateral hypothalamus, and dorsal longitudinal fasciculus in water and salt metabolismThe present report is based on a Ph.D. dissertation presented to the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 1962. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-two albino rats were divided into three groups for chronic brain electrode implantation. The effects of subsequent stimulation and ablation of the subcommissural organ (SCO), the bilateral lateral hypothalamic nuclei (LH), and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (FLD) on volume of water intake, and on concentration of urinary excretion were observed over twenty-two hour periods of free access to water both before and after treatments.It was observed that neither stimulation nor lesion of the SCO resulted in disruption of water intake or of urinary volume and concentration. Similar stimulation of LH potentiated drinking, while similar lesions produced a hypodipsia that necessitated tube feeding. Lesions of LH produced, in addition, marked elevation of urine volume, but no change in urine concentration. Sectioning of the FLD was followed by effects similar to those following lesions of the LH nuclei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570306
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  • 171
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    Cell proliferation in the mammary gland during late pregnancy and lactationThis investigation was supported by grant HD-01009 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 489-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nulliparous, CFW mice were injected with 25 m̈c of tritiated thymidine on day 19 of pregnancy, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 of lactation. The animals were killed one hour after injection. The inguinal mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin sectioning. Radioautographs were prepared, using the dipping technique.Quantitation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation for the intra- and interlobular (ducts) epithelium was performed by determining the percent of labeled epithelial cells in a large sample of cells (labeling index). It was concluded that epithelial cell sample sizes of 1,000-2,000 cells were adequate to measure mammary epithelial proliferation. A wave of epithelial proliferation was observed during early lactation. In the intralobular epithelium, a peak labeling index of 11.1% was attained on day two of lactation whereas a peak labeling index of 7.9% was observed on day three of lactation in the interlobular epithelium. Cells of the connective tissue and vascular bed proliferated in response to the growth of the mammary epithelium. Myoepithelial cells were frequently labeled on days two and three of lactation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570309
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  • 172
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    An intercellular substance in rat cerebral cortex: Submicroscopic distribution of ruthenium redThis work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Research grant NB 05175-02. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 527-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specimens of rat cerebral cortex were fixed in solutions containing ruthenium red and prepared for electron microscopy by a method described by Luft ('65a). In specimens taken from a narrow zone 5-10 m̈ thick and about 5 m̈ beneath the pial surface the ruthenium red reaction was found to be uniform and reproducible. In this zone a particulate reaction product was distributed extracellularly. The reaction product accumulated in intercellular gaps, filling them with closely-packed, dense particulates which adhered closely to the outer leaflets of apposed plasma membranes and filled also the intercellular spaces with additional particulates.The selective, extracellular distribution of the ruthenium red reaction product suggested the presence of an intercellular acid mucopolysaccharide, which may be different in capillary basal laminae, intercellular gaps and synaptic clefts, as suggested by the variable reactivity of these extracellular sites.The presence of an intercellular acid mucopolysaccharide in the cerebral cortex would controvert neither ion transport by glial cytoplasm nor intercellular channels. It is suggested that such an intercellular substance might facilitate ion transport and the histophysiological significance of this is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570312
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  • 173
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    The antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of progesterone in the defense of a normal fetus (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-gonadal system of the infant rodent is sensitive to sex hormones. In the female, an increase in androgens leads to improper development of an anovulatory ovary. In the male, an increase in estrogens prevents the testis from attaining normal development. These atrophic testes show serious abnormalities of spermatogenesis and androgen biosynthesis. Progesterone, which may function as both an antiestrogen and an antiandrogen, can prevent these abnormal developmental changes.It is suggested that a function of progesterone, in pregnancy, may be the defense of the fetus against increased concentrations of androgens and/or estrogens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570402
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  • 174
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    Interneocortical connections in the opossum, Didelphis virginianaThis work was supported by the General Research Support Grant of the United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Discrete neocortical lesions were placed in the brains of 12 opossums. After a survival time of 1 to 3 weeks, the brains were subjected to the Nauta-Gygax technique for degenerating axons or to the Swank-Davenport modification of the Marchi technique for degenerating myelin. A partial hemispherectomy was performed on the brains of two additional animals. The entire intact hemisphere opposite the lesion was then subjected to the Nauta-Gygax technique.The results of histological examination indicate that fibers cross extensively in the anterior commissure from all areas of the neocortex. Degenerating fibers passed from each of the neocortical lesions into the ipsilateral external capsule. It was by means of the external capsule that they entered the anterior commissure. After crossing in the anterior commissure, the degenerating fibers passed into the contralateral external capsule and subsequently terminated on cells in the homotypic cortex opposite the lesion. Some fibers, however, terminated in non homotypic cortical areas. Fibers, particularly from the more dorsally placed lesions, also crossed in the hippocampal commissure. The results support the concept that a portion of the anterior commissure of certain marsupials is homologous to the corpus callosum of higher forms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570406
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  • 175
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    Age and the cell cycle of the mouse colonic epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The colonic progenitor population has been investigated in four age groups of male Swiss albino mice utilizing tritium thymidine and autoradiography. The duration of the progenitor cell cycle and its component phases as well as the DNA synthetic index were determined for each age group following sequential sacrifice of the experimental animals.Analysis of the kinetics of metaphase labeling revealed that the mean duration of the cell cycle lengthens with age, whereas S (about 7.8 hours), G2 and M remain relatively constant. Estimates of the cell cycle from the ratio of the S-phase duration to the DNA synthetic index also demonstrate an increase with age, although the values derived from this method do not agree with those based on metaphase labeling.Determination of the DNA synthetic index disclosed a decrease in the percentage of labeled cells with increasing age. Thus, the prolongation of the mean duration of the cell cycle apparently results from an increase in the G1-phase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570408
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  • 176
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    Postnatal development of pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations in the calf and the effects of chronic hypoxiaSupported by grants HE 06780-04 and HE 08932-01 from U. S. Public Health Service, The National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 641-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seven calves were placed in an altitude chamber on the day of birth and were maintained at the simulated high altitude of 11,000 feet for 2 to 5 months. Circulatory measurements during life and structural changes in the lungs after death were compared with findings in 20 normal calves. The normal calves showed a surprising growth of lung parenchyma and pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations during the first seven days of life. Such a rapid postnatal lung growth has not previously been reported and may account for much of the normal decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure seen during this period of life. By contrast calves maintained from birth at simulated high altitude rapidly increased their pulmonary arterial pressures during the first two weeks of life. The pulmonary arterial circulation remained constricted and at autopsy presented an exaggerated radiographic and histologic pattern seen in normal calves less than 24 hours old. The bronchial arterial circulation in the calves at high altitude became greatly increased. Chronic hypoxia in these calves probably sustained increased tone in the pulmonary, but not systemic arterioles, with the result that the normal growth pattern of the lung vessels was altered. This study emphasizes the different regulation of the two arterial supplies to the same organ, namely, the lung.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570410
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  • 177
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    Cell architecture in the papillary layer of rat incisor enamel organ at the stage of enamel maturation (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 683-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Shape and arrangement of cells and extent of intercellular spaces were studied in sections of enamel organ cut in three planes: at right angles to the axis of the incisor tooth, at right angles to the axis of the ameloblasts, and parallel to the axes of the incisor and ameloblasts.The cells in contact with the base of the ameloblasts make up the proximal part of the papillary layer. They have a polygonal cross section close to the ameloblasts and point several sheet-like cell processes towards the blood vessels which invaginate in the papillary layer. Intercellular spaces of constant width pervade the proximal part and provide a direct and straight communication between blood vessels and ameloblasts.The cells of the ridges make up the distal part of the papillary layer, and are flattened in the direction of the ridges. Intercellular spaces in the ridges are narrower than in the proximal part and visible with the light microscope only during a fraction of the enamel maturation period.No distinct cell layers are visible within the papillary layer during enamel maturation. All cells in the papillary layer may be in contact with the basement membrane investing the enamel organ. The structure of the papillary layer changes with the different phases of enamel maturation. Functional aspects of the papillary layer are briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570413
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    Fine structure of the posterior subclavian ganglion of the newt TriturusThis work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (TICA-5055), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 453-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The posterior subclavian ganglion of the newt Triturus viridescens consists of a central zone of adrenal or interrenal cells and an outer cortex of chromaffin cells and sympathetic ganglion cells. Interrenal cells contain abundant large clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with tubular cristae. Two types of chromaffin cells were observed: cells containing opaque granules, 1500 Å in diameter (norepinephrine), and cells containing moderately dense granules, 2600 Å in diameter (epinephrine). Both types of granules are present in a few cells. Sympathetic ganglion cells and their efferent nerves contain vesicles, 750 Å in diameter, with dense cores. Small unmyelinated nerves are located between chromaffin cells or between ganglion cells and their satellite sheaths. In synaptic regions, spherical or oval clear vesicles are abundant. Large bundles of a few myelinated nerves and many small unmyelinated nerves occur between the cellular elements. Axons are enveloped by Schwann cells and the large nerve bundles are loosely enclosed by a connective tissue sheath (endoneurium). Melanophores or pigment cells and connective tissue elements occur in the cortex of the gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580409
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  • 179
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    The aorticopulmonary artery of the cat  -  its location and postnatal closureSupported by USPHS grant HE-06285 and Morrison-Watson Research Fellowship, Department of Anatomy, University of Manchester, England. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the position and time of postnatal closure of a vessel from the pulmonary artery to the aorticopulmonary glomus (carotid body-like) tissue. Nine prenatal and eight postnatal kittens (killed at 12 hours, and 8, 12, 16, 30, 42, 60 and 90 days) and 50 adult cats were examined. The vessel arose from the root of the right pulmonary artery and had ascending and descending branches. The latter supplied the aorticopulmonary glomus tissue and mingled with vessels arising from the root of the coronary arteries  -  usually the left. In two prenatal cats an actual anastomosis was demonstrated. There was no change in the intramural part of the branch of the pulmonary artery in kittens less than 16 days old. The vessel was partly closed by cellular proliferation by the sixteenth day and was almost certainly occluded by the forty-second day. It was not patent in any animal more than 42 days of age. In the adult cat, the aorticopulmonary glomus tissue was less cellular than in the fetus. It is suggested that the communication between the branch from the right pulmonary artery and the coronary arteries through chemoreceptor tissue may have functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580412
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  • 180
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    American Association of Anatomists. Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists Eightieth Meeting, University of Kansas School of Medicine, April 4, 5, 6, 7, 1967, with List of Officers and Members (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 509-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580414
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  • 181
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    Cholinesterase activity in the harderian gland of anas domesticus (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histochemical localization and quantitative levels of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase have been determined in the Harderian glands of normal ducks and ducks fed with salt to increase their serum sodium concentrations; there was no significant difference between the two groups.Acetylcholinesterase was present at a mean concentration of 68.2 μM/gm/hour (range 65.5 - 72.7 μM/gm/hour) in the normal animals and 67.6 μM/gm/hour (range 63.8 - 76.4 μM/gm/hour) in the salt-fed group; the enzyme was present in nerves related to blood vessels. Butyrylcholinesterase was present at a mean concentration of 42.5 μM/gm/hour (range 20.4 - 58.7 μM/gm/hour) in the control animals and 40.2 μM/gm/hour (range 29.3 - 61.3 μM/gm/hour) in the salt-fed group; the enzyme was present in epithelial cells and in nerves related to blood vessels similar to those containing acetylcholinesterase. There was a close correlation between the subjective assessment of cholinesterase activity based on histochemical techniques and the amount quantitatively measured.The gland probably secretes mucus and lipids; the epithelial butyrylcholinesterase may play a role in lipid metabolism in the tissue. The nerves may regulate the flow of blood through the gland.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 182
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    Effect of steroid hormones on biochemical characteristics of blastocysts in ovariectomized rabbitsThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS research grants HD 00585-03 and HD 01013-03 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Scientific Paper 2903, College of Agriculture Research Center, Projects 1698 and 1794. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Groups of nulliparous pregnant rabbits were bilaterally ovariectomized on the third, fifth, sixth or seventh days of gestation; some groups were then treated daily with 40 mg of progesterone alone or with 4 mg progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol at a ratio of 1:400 or 1:4000. Animals ovariectomized 3 days post coitum (p.c.) were autopsied four days later; those ovariectomized five, six, or seven days p.c. were autopsied 24 hours later. The number of viable blastocysts per doe was greatly decreased following ovariectomy; however, the number was increased by treatment with progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol (1:400 or 1:4000). The weight of blastocyst and embryonic matter (trophoblast and embryonic disc), and the volume of blastocoelic fluid in the blastocyst at six or seven days p.c. were neither affected by ovariectomy nor by injection of 4 mg of progesterone. The weight of the blastocysts was significantly reduced when ovariectomy was performed seven days p.c. The concentration of the biochemical compounds in the blastocoelic fluid was not altered by ovariectomy at five or seven days p.c. In contrast, the concentration of glucose, lactic acid, protein N and nonprotein in the blastocyst was greatly lowered by ovariectomy at six days p.c., being partly alleviated by daily injections of progesterone, alone or in combination with estradiol. Ovariectomy at three days p.c. was no more detrimental than later ovariectomy if steroids were administrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580307
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    Congenital malformations induced by alloxan diabetes in mice and ratsSupported in part by grant HD00074 from National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.We are deeply indebted to James G. Wilson, Ph.D., for his encouragement in the experiment on rats and for his kindness in correcting the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr. Moriyasu Yada, Mrs. Carol Thompson and Mr. George Pinkney for technical help. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two separate experiments were carried out. (1) Alloxan was injected subcutaneously into ICR female mice at 200 mg/kg on day 0 (zero) of gestation. In the animals which became persistently diabetic, 27.5% of the conceptuses underwent resorption or death and 7.2% of surviving fetuses showed gross malformations, including exencephaly, spina bifida and cleft palate. In nondiabetic experimental animals there was no increase in fetal mortality or malformation rate. (2) Wistar rats were treated by alloxan intraperitoneally at 160 mg/kg on the seventh day of gestation. Again, only in cases of persistent diabetes were there raised fetal mortality and high incidence of external and internal malformations (50.0% of survivors abnormal), including cataract, hydronephrosis, microphthalmia, exencephaly and cleft palate. When glucose concentration was determined in the embryo and amniotic fluid on the eleventh and thirteenth days of gestation, it was found to be much higher in the diabetic than in the control or the nondiabetic treated animals. The embryonic glucose level was always slightly lower than that of the maternal blood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580310
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    The projection of optic nerve fibers in the frog Rana catesbeiana as studied by radioautography (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated leucine was unilaterally introduced into the vitreous chambers of metamorphosing bullfrog tadpoles in an attempt to determine whether the optic fibers may be traced by radioautography. After injection, the animals were sacrificed at varying time intervals from 4½ minutes to 32 days. Serial sections of the brain were subjected to radioautography. The optic fibers were thereby traced to their known terminations and to a small thalamic cell cluster to which we found no reference in the literature. Significant differential radioactivity was detectable in the contralateral optic lobe as early as six hours postinjection, suggesting a flow, whether intra- or extraaxonal, of at least 10-22 mm/day.A single postmetamorphic frog underwent excision of the optic chiasm with positioning of the stumps of the optic nerves against the lateral wall of the thalamus. Fifteen weeks were allowed for regeneration. When the same histologic and radioautographic technique as above was used (sacrificing at eight days postinjection), a grain path was found to extend from the optic nerve into the brain. This path divided into two distinct branches, one branch crossing over and one remaining on the same side. These results indicate the practicality of tracing nerve distribution within the CNS by radioautography.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580313
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  • 185
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    The premaxilla: Embryological evidence that it does not exist in manFrom a thesis submitted as part of the requirements for the M.S. degree at Northwestern University Dental School.Partial support for this study was provided by USPHS grant DE 2014. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many accounts of the human premaxilla describe its ossification centers and time of fusion with the maxilla, but that such a bone even exists in the human has long been questioned. Very few specimens undergoing initial phases of ossification have been reported and no convincing photographs of separate centers have been published.This report is based on 90 serially sectioned human embryos whose ages (Streeter's Horizons XVIII to XXIII) were closely grouped around the age when ossification of the upper jaw begins. There is but one ossification center bilaterally which, although it appears first in the cuspid region, rapidly involves an area extending from the molar to the central incisor region.Not one of the specimens showed an independent center for the “premaxilla” nor an “incisive suture” in the area of ossification. The premaxilla does not exist as an independent bone in man.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580411
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    DNA synthesis by cultured myocardial cellsResearch supported by USPHS grants HE-02083-11 and AI-06150 from the National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Myocardial cells cultured from ventricles of 4-day embryonic chick hearts were labeled with H3-thymidine for the radioautographic study of DNA synthesis and nuclear cycling. After the myoblasts had been in culture for 48 hours and had begun to grow out and contract, the cultures were exposed to H3-thymidine, 1 μc/ml of Hank's balanced salt solution, for one hour. Pairs of cultures were fixed in methyl alcohol for analysis every two hours over a subsequent period of 60 hours. The total percentage of labeled cells, together with labeled mitotic figures which developed after labeling, determined the average values for generation time and nuclear cycle phases as follows: generation time, 45 hours; DNA synthesis, nine hours; G2 interval, 2-6 hours; G1 interval, 27-33 1/2 hours; and mitosis, one-half to one hour. Autonomous control of DNA synthesis was observed occasionally in a binucleate cell having only one labeled nucleus, although both nuclei were in a similar phase of mitosis. It is evident from these data that cultured myocardial cells synthesize DNA similarly to other cells.
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    Morphology of the specialized conducting tissue in the atria of the equine heartThis investigation was supported in part by grants HE 19,835-03 and GM-1052 from the National Institutes of Health and a grant from the Central Ohio Heart Association. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 401-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gross and microscopic anatomy of the sinus node (SN), atrioventricular node (AVN) and specialized fibers in the atrium were studied in 19 horses and eight mules. The SN is supplied with blood by a branch from the left circumflex artery which subdivides within the node. The SN has a body and long tapering cranial and caudal crura which encircle the lateral margin of the precaval orifice. The AVN, which has no large artery consistently present within its structure, is located within the fibrous septum above the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and anterior to the coronary sinus.Histologically most of the fibers in the SN and AVN are similar to those in other species. They are smaller, paler staining and much more interwoven than ordinary myocardial fibers. In the caudal crus of the SN, the fibers are clumped together with loss of individual characteristics.Large, glycogen-rich cells morphologically similar to ventricular Purkinje fibers are found in the right atrial subendocardium. The distribution of these fibers suggest that they may be concerned with intraatrial spread of excitation. Muscular pathways between the SN and AVN are composed of ordinary myocardial fibers. The large atrial myocardial fibers do not connect directly with SN or AVN fibers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580405
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    The ontogeny and growth of the human tentorium cerebelliSupported by a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service (IRO1 NBO 6805-01). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 433-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ontogenetic pattern of the human tentorium cerebelli was reconstructed by analyzing the series of stages through which the tentorium passes in the attainment of maturity. The absolute and relative growth rates were calculated for the maximum cranial breadth, maximum cranial length, and various tentorial dimensions. The relationship between the growth of different parameters was established and expressed mathematically according to Huxley's formula (y = bxk). The growth ratios (k) and constants (b) for different combinations of tentorial and cranial parameters were elicited from logarithmic graphs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580407
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    An autoradiographic study of chondrocyte transformation into chondroclasts and osteocytes during bone formation In vitroThis investigation was supported in whole by Public Helath Service Research Grants AM-09499 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and DE-01894 from the National Institute of Dental Research. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 473-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Excised mouse pubic bone rudiments were exposed to H3-thymidine. Rudiments preserved immediately after exposure consisted of mesenchyme with a large number of cells showing intense radioactivity. Rudiments incubated on a filter membrane after exposure went through the developmental stages of complete chondrification of the pubic rami followed by periosteal and then endochondral bone formation. Only chondrocytes showed radioactivity in rami consisting of cartilage and periosteal bone that were preserved prior to endochondral ossification. Cell types showing radioactivity in rami preserved during endochondral ossification were chondrocytes, chondroclasts, and osteoblasts and osteocytes of endochondral bone. The results of the study demonstrated that hypertrophic chondrocytes of the calcified cartilage of a developing mammalian long bone not only survive dissolution of their matrix, but transform into chondroclasts and osteoprogenitor cells that give rise to osteoblasts and osteocytes which form endochondral bone in the absence of blood vessels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580410
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590101
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    Prolonged individuality of the accessory contribution to the vagus: A peculiarity of the pig (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The bulbar and spinal components of the accessory nerve of the pig are thoroughly integrated in a common trunk at the jugular foramen. The fibers of bulbar origin separate from this trunk to form the internal ramus. The latter is especially demonstrable in the pig, since it is independent over a considerable distance in the upper part of the neck before joining the vagus. As far distally as the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the efferent fibers contributed to the vagus by the accessory nerve remain histologically separate from the afferent fibers belonging properly to the vagus. Parasympathetic, branchiomotor and afferent fibers can be distinguished in the vagal trunk without the necessity of inducing selective degeneration by supranodose vagotomy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590102
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXXIX. Ponderal correlation coefficients of the bones form two races of rabbits (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-five male an 30 female rabbits of large race III derived from the New Zealand White race and the same numbers of small race X, from Castle's small race, were used in this study.Earlier studies on these two races have shown that the males are more variable in body weight and body length; and that the individual bones are likewise more variable in weight and in length in the males.In this study, body weight and the weight of the entire skeleton were correlated on the basis of the null hypothesis with the individual bone weights and the individual bone weights were intercorrelated. The correlations are, for the most part, higher in the males than in the females of both races. The males of small race X have higher correlations than the males of large race III.Thus, although the entire body size varies more in the males. the weights of the bones are, for the most part, more closely correlated with body weight and total skeletal weight and with the other bones in the males than in the females.Some of the lowest correlations are with bones having large proportions of cancellous bone.
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    An electromyographic study of some muscles crossing the elbow jointThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-03 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted into the lateral, medial and long heads of the triceps brachii, into the anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an eight channel recorder. Many movements and exercises were studied, and the relative contribution made by each muscle to any given movement was appraised.The anconeus initiates extension of the elbow and acts to maintain extension and to stabilize the elbow joint during other motions involving the upper extremity. The anconeus is responsible for fine control, but its activity frequently decreases when the more powerful triceps brachii contracts or when it loses its mechanical advantage at full extension. In pronation, the anconeus is very active; whereas during supination the anconeus is less active, and the triceps counteracts the powerful pull of the biceps brachii.The long head of the triceps also works as an adductor of the arm. When the triceps assists the anconeus in stabilizing the joint, the biceps brachii, brachialis and event the brachioradialis may contract to counteract any tendency to further extend the joint.
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    Weights and variability of components of the human vertebral column (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Principal vertebral segments and individual vertebrae of 83 Asian skeletons were weighed and the data treated statistically.Average weight in grams per unit vertebra in the cervical segment was 6.3, in the thoracic, 8.7, in the lumbar, 17.9 and in the sacrum, 10.6. Mean weights of segments of this series were the lightest of the populations compared except those of the American White and Japanese females. Individual vertebral weights increased in caudad sequence except that the first two cervical and first two thoracic were respectively heavier than the third cervical and third thoracic. Mean weights of the twelfth thoracic, fifth lumbar and the sacrum were approximate multiples of that of the seventh cervical. The third cervical was the lightest in the column.The cervical segment represented 15% of the weight of the entire column, the thoracic segment 36%, lumbar 31%, sacral 18% and coccygeal 0.4%. Relative weights of individual vertebrae corresponded closely with those of other populations compared.Coefficients of variation ranged from 16% in the cervical segment, 19% in the thoracic, 17% in the lumbar, 18% in the sacral to 48% in the coccygeal. Variation was least in the second cervical and greatest in the third thoracic vertebra.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590112
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590201
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    Fine structure of nerve terminals in the human gutThis investigation was supported, in part, by grant NB-01879-08 of the United States Public Health Service, Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness; in part by the Dysautonomia Association, Inc., New York, New York. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopical investigation was made of neuronal terminals in operatively removed human duodenum and jejunum. No intraepithelial neuronal elements were found. The lamina propria mucosae, submucosa and muscular layer possessed, in addition to large bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers, small ones consisting of three or four axons wrapped by infoldings of one Schwann cell. Some of these axons were light; others contained mitochondria and clear vesicles measuring 200-500 Å across. Still other axons had dense-cored vesicles with a diameter ∼ 700 Å. The plasma membranes of vesiculated axons were not thickened and only in part invested by the Schwann cell, but were covered by a basement membrane. Such profiles were interpreted as nerve terminals, and were separated from fibers of the muscularis mucosae, bases of epithelial cells and submucous capillaries by interspaces measuring 5,000-6,800 Å. The gap between neuronal terminals and smooth muscle in the muscular wall was smaller (900 Å, more often 1,500-3,000 Å). The myenteric plexus contained nerve bundles consisting of the usual axons and of preterminals; some of the latter contained small clear vesicles, others predominantly larger granulated vesicles, and still others a mixture of both types of vesicles. The similarities and differences of neuronal terminals occurring in animals and in man were pointed out. The significance of the findings of this study was discussed in the light of current concepts of the physiology of autonomic nerve transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590203
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    A quantitative morphological study of the postnatal development of the pineal body of the mouse (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal growth of the mouse pineal was studied quantitatively. The volume was estimated by means of a histometric method in serial histological sections. During postnatal development the pineal showed no sex difference in absolute size. The growth in volume gradually increased from birth to 40 days, reamained the same for a short period between 40 and 60 days, and after 60 days again increased until 90 days when it finally attained the adult volume. From 90 to 210 days it remained almost constant.The pineal weight was calculated from the volume by means of a weight-volume ratio of the cerebral tissue. The pineal growth during early postnatal period, especially the first ten days, is attributed to both proliferation and enlargement of pineal cells, but after 20 days, primarily to enlargement. Differentiation of the pineal was estimated quantitatively on the basis of nuclear changes in shape characteristic of the pineal cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590413
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  • 198
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    An analysis of the growth retarding effects of trypan blue in the albino ratsSupported by NIH Research grant HD630, T-141. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 453-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A laparotomy was performed on 74 pregnant Wistar rats after eight days of gestation and injection with trypan blue, normal rabbit serum, or sterile saline. Also, a laparotomy was performed on a control group which received no injections. After 21 days of pregnancy, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentae removed, weighed individually, and then fixed in Bouin's fixative. All fetuses were dissected and examined for abnormalities. Several analyses of variances and a paired t-test were completed to determine if fetal growth was retarded in the abnormal fetuses. Fetuses in each experimental group were also separated into weight classes as determined by Sturge's Law for class intervals. It was shown that in inbred colonies the timing of the pregnancy, litter size, and maternal factors cannot be neglected. The results indicate that: (1) Trypan blue exerts a definite growth retarding effect on rat fetuses; (2) The weights of malformed fetuses are significantly reduced; (3) The mean term fetal weight of the normal fetuses that were exposed to trypan blue is not significantly different from the mean weight of the control normal fetuses; (4) The mean weight of the abnormal fetuses that were exposed to trypan blue is significantly less than that of the control normal fetuses as well as the normal fetuses treated with trypan blue; (5) There is no weight threshold below which all fetuses are abnormal and above which all fetuses are normal.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590414
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    Derivation of the vascular elements in the fetal cotyledon of the hemochorial placenta: A contribution to the theory of placental morphogenesisSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant HD 00975. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A schematic plan of late developmental organization of the fetal cotyledonary elements of the hemochorial placenta is presented. It involves mechanical shaping by hemodynamics and stretching of the elements involved in the late chorion frondosum stage after the 2nd month of gestation. The result is the fetal cotyledon as described by Wilkin. The components of the fetal cotyledon are derived from differentiated vascular elements in tertiary stem, or anchoring, villi and vascular elements of the blastoderm which are formed by the twenty-first day after ovulation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570107
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    Localization of the neural control of luteinization in the feminine male rat (FALE)Supported by grant HD-01182 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Castration of the male rat during the first three days of life allows retention of the cyclic pattern of gonadotrophin release with which the male is born. Since the neonatally castrated male shares several endocrine characteristics with the female, the terms feminine male or FALE have been employed to identify these animals. Twenty-seven of 28 FALES developed corpora lutea (CL) in ovarian transplants provided no other treatment was initiated. In contrast, exposure to constant illumination, suprachiasmatic lesions, or transection of anterior hypothalamic pathways prevented CL formation in 18 of 20 FALES. These findings support the concept that the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic region is an essential component of the neural mechanism which regulates the cyclic luteinization of ovarian grafts in the FALE. Since the FALE is a male rat in which differentiation has not been permitted to occur, it is suggested that sexual differentiation of the normal male hypothalamus consists of an alteration in function of this preoptic system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570110
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