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  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (826)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1976  (826)
  • Organic Chemistry  (693)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (110)
  • pharmacokinetics
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (826)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antipyrine ; pharmacokinetics ; half-life ; blood ; plasma ; saliva ; individual variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously described GLC method has been modified and applied to measurement of antipyrine levels in plasma, blood and saliva of man following administration of a single oral dose (10 mg/kg). The levels in blood and saliva were comparable to those in plasma at every time studied. The half life of antipyrine determined in blood, plasma or saliva in any given individual was similar. The intersubject variation in half-life was about two-fold (n=5). Antipyrine levels in saliva were not affected by the rate of saliva flow when collections were made continuously for 20 minutes. This study has demonstrated that kinetic data about antipyrine comparable to that from plasma may also be obtained from readily accessible tissue fluids, such as saliva and capillary blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlorthalidone ; diuretics ; drug plasma concentration ; protein binding ; red blood-cell concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method has been employed to determine chlorthalidone in plasma and whole blood after therapeutic doses. Radioactively labelled chlorthalidone was used for in vitro studies of the uptake of chlorthalidone from plasma by red blood cells. Chlorthalidone was markedly concentrated in red cells and as a compartment they would account for at least 30% of total drug in the body after multiple doses. The ratio between the plasma and red cell concentration of chlorthalidone varied between individuals. After a single oral dose of 50 mg in 6 healthy volunteers chlorthalidone was eliminated with a half-life of 51 to 89 hours. The apparent volume of distribution varied between 3 and 13 1/kg and the clearance between 53 and 145 ml/min. The mean steady-state plasma concentrations during treatment with a standard dose of 50 mg daily (n=10) varied 5-fold between individuals. During the steady state approximately 50% of the daily dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during 24 hrs. The plasma levels observed in patients were higher than those predicted from the single oral dose studies in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sotalol ; β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs ; exercise tachycardia ; efficacy ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sotalol after oral administration were measured on the tachycardia induced by strenuous exercise in normal subjects. Plasma sotalol levels were also determined. The oral administration of sotalol (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg) to 6 subjects produced a progressive reduction in the tachycardia induced by severe exercise. This was similar to the effects of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg given to different subjects. Each increase in sotalol dose produced a successively greater reduction in exercise tachycardia. This did not appear to be maximum even with 800 mg. Oral sotalol was rapidly absorbed and produced peak blood levels in 2 – 3 hours. The plasma levels of sotalol measured 2 hours after the oral administration of 25 to 800 mg showed never more than a six-fold variation between different subjects. The half-life of sotalol in plasma was 12.7 ± SE 1.6 hours. There was a significant correlation between the logarithm of the plasma sotalol concentration and the percentage reduction of exercise heart rate. It is concluded that the oral administration of sotalol either once or twice daily (depending on dose level) will provide satisfactory 24-hour blockade of β-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 443-450 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cyclobarbital calcium ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; relative bioavailability ; oral administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of cyclobarbital calcium have been studied after oral administration of Phanodorm, of tablets according to the Formularium Nederlandse Apothekers (1968; FNA), and an aqueous solution. Six healthy volunteers participated in the investigation on three occasions and each received the three preparations. The dose administered was 300 mg cyclobarbital calcium. Plasma concentrations of cyclobarbital were determined at regular intervals. Absorption from the three preparations was rapid and was faster from the solution. Peak concentrations were usually attained within 1 h. The elimination of cyclobarbital could be described by a single first-order process with an average half-life of 11.6 h (range 8 – 17 h). There was little intra-subject variation of the half-life. Relative bioavailability for each volunteer was estimated by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration curves. The FNA-tablets and Phanodorm exhibited similar bioavailability, whereas the average bioavailability of the solution was 78% of that of FNA-tablets; the reason for this unexpected finding is unknown. It was concluded that cyclobarbital cannot be regarded as a uniformly suitable drug for the treatment of insomnia. The long half-life that was apparent in some of the volunteers (15 – 17 h) creates a substantial risk of residual effects on the following morning. In principle, however, the calcium salt of cyclobarbital may be used for induction of sleep, because of its rapid absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sisomicin ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; two-compartment analysis ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, a new single component aminoglycoside antibiotic related to gentamicin c1a, were determined in four healthy volunteers after intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 1 mg/kg dose. The elimination profile of this antibiotic follows two-compartment model kinetics after I.V. administration. The fast (α) and slow (β) disposition rate constants averaged 0.072 and 0.004 min−1, respectively. The volume of distribution at the steady-state averaged 0.185 liters/kg which approximately corresponds to the volume of extracellular space. The physiological availability of an intramuscular dose appeared to be complete. A method of administration adapted to the kinetic properties of the drug is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 311-317 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; instability of impaired renal function ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline®) in 13 patients with impaired renal function, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was correlated with an increase in serum half-life (T1/2) of the drug (r=−0.69; p〈0.01). The T1/2 was 15.8 h in one patient with a GFR of 16 ml·min−1, as compared to a T1/2 of 1.7–3.0 h found previously in 16 healthy volunteers. In 49 patients on long-term antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine, the ratio between the minimum steady-state drug concentration and the daily dose of hydralazine (C SS min : Dose) increased as the GFR decreased. This accumulation of the drug was particularly evident in patients with a GFR less than 30 ml·min−1 (r=−0.63; p〈0.01; n=19). As renal excretion of unchanged hydralazine is generally regarded as unimportant, the slower elimination rate in chronic renal failure was probably caused by a slower rate of metabolic conversion. It was found, however, that the renal excretion of hydralazine could easily have been underestimated, as only 12.7% of an initial hydralazine concentration of 200 ng·ml−1 in urine could be recovered after storage of the samples at room temperature for 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Flutiorex ; pharmacokinetics ; sex ; anorectic agent ; sympathetic stimulation ; CNS stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of flutiorex, a new anorectic agent, and of a placebo on food intake and the activity of the sympathetic and central nervous systems have been compared in a double blind trial in two groups of healthy volunteers, one of five males and the other of five females. Flutiorex 20 mg orally had a significant anorectic effect both in males and females, the observed reduction in food intake being 34.0 and 27.5%, respectively. It caused α-adrenergic stimulation (blood pressure and pupil diameter) and central nervous system excitation (critical flicker frequency), both of which were more marked in males than in females. Flutiorex was better tolerated by women than by men. Measurement of the blood level of flutiorex and its de-ethylated metabolite, norflutiorex, showed that both compounds were detectable in four of the five male subjects, but in only one of the five females. Sex-linked differences in the pharmacokinetics of flutiorex may explain the greater intensity of its effects in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methaqualone ; hypnotic ; pharmacokinetics ; combination formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of methaqualone have been measured in the serum of five male human subjects receiving five consecutive evening doses of a combination formulation containing methaqualone (250 mg), carbromal (300 mg) and benactyzine (0.33 mg) in each tablet. After administration of the first dose, mean peak serum concentrations of methaqualone (1.2 µg/ml) occurred at 3 h. After obtaining peak levels, mean concentrations of methaqualone declined rapidly during the next 6 h and there-after more slowly during the next 18 h. After administration of the last (fifth) dose, mean peak serum concentrations of methaqualone (1.9 µg/ml; 1.5 µg/ml above the predose level) occurred at 2 h. After attaining peak levels, mean concentrations of methaqualone declined rapidly during the next 6 h, and thereafter more slowly, with a half-life of approximately 10 h. Mean concentrations of methaqualone in serum samples 24 h after the second, third, fourth or fifth doses were not significantly different (0.3 µg/ml – 0.6 µg/ml) during this period of dosing. This suggests that significant accumulation of methaqualone in the serum did not occur during a period of five consecutive evening doses of the combination formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug ; indoprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a pharmacokinetic study of the new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug indoprofen, plasma levels and urinary excretion were determined in four healthy volunteers after 100 mg and 200 mg iv, and after 100 mg (capsules) and 200 mg (tablets) oral doses. After iv administration, the mean biological half-life (t1/2 β) was about 2 h (range 1.4 to 3.2 h). The apparent volume of distribution Vdβ ranged between 11 to 17 % of body weight, indicating its limited extravascular distribution. Most of the drug was excreted in urine as glucuronide and a smaller proportion as unchanged indoprofen: the 24 h urinary excretion of these compounds accounted for 67 to 95 % of an iv dose. Peak plasma levels occurred between 30 and 120 minutes after oral administration of 100 mg as capsules or 200 mg as tablets. The mean biological half-life was about 2 h, as after iv administration. The bioavailability of oral doses was assessed using both plasma levels and urinary excretion data. The absorption of capsules and tablets was practically complete, that of the former being faster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; exchange transfusion ; pharmacokinetics ; neonates ; 86Rb assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of an86Rb-uptake inhibition assay, changes in the plasma concentration of digoxin and the amount of the glycoside removed during exchange transfusion have been studied in two newborns. For comparison, the exchange procedure was simulated by a computer on the basis of a two-compartment open model and available pharmacokinetic constants. A rapid decrease in plasma digoxin concentration during exchange transfusion was found when the glycoside was administered intravenously or intramuscularly within 60 min before the procedure. The amount of digoxin removed by the exchange was less than 6 per cent of the given dose. Computer simulation of the procedure also showed removal of only a minor amount of digoxin. It is concluded that the decrease in plasma concentration and the removal of only a small amount of glycoside by the exchange transfusion can be attributed mainly to extensive tissue distribution of digoxin. The results imply that replacement of digoxin after an exchange transfusion seems unnecessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; subchronic dosage in man ; desmethyldiazepam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In seven healthy male volunteers the effects of the pattern of dosing on the pharmacokinetics of diazepam have been studied. A cross-over design was employed that consisted of three parts: a single intravenous dose (0.1 mg/kg), and oral dosing (10 mg/day) for six days followed by an intravenous bolus (0.1 mg/kg) on the seventh day, followed by re-examination of a single intravenous dose after diazepam (D) and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DD) had been completely eliminated. Plasma levels of D and DD were monitored by a specific, sensitive GLC-method. In younger patients (n=5, age 29 – 35 years) the elimination half-life, T1/2 (β), of D was 33.9±10.6 h (mean±S.D.) after the single dose. The control study gave an almost identical result (35.7±12.1). After subchronic dosage in all patients T1/2 (β) showed a modest but significant prolongation (paired t-test p〈0.01) to 52.9±17.4 h. It was caused by a significant decrease (p=0.016) in total plasma clearance ( $$\overline {\user1{Cl}} $$ ), from 26.0±10.8 ml/min to 18.2±7.0 ml/min. Older patients (age 43–60 years) showed the same phenomenon. Blood/plasma ratios remained constant indicating no change in protein binding. Biliary excretion of D was measured in five patients with a T-tube. Only negligible amounts (0.3–0.4%) of administered D were excreted within 3 days after subchronic dosage, which demonstrates a lack of enterohepatic cycling of D. After multiple administration of D, there was accumulation of DD to levels approximately five times higher than after a single dose. The possibility that the slower elimination of D after subchronic treatment might be caused by DD was also supported by experiments in dogs and rabbits. After pretreating rabbits with DD and maintaining a high DD plasma level, there was prolongation of T1/2 (β) from 2.7 h to 5.2 h, with a corresponding decrease of $$\overline {\user1{Cl}} $$ from 101.6 ml/min to 23.4 ml/min. Similar results were obtained in dogs. It is concluded that the disposition of D is altered by subchronic use and may be regulated by the plasma DD concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; bioavailability ; pharmacogenetics ; first pass effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After oral administration of a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline®), the serum half-life (T1/2) and bioavailability (AUC0−∞) were assessed in 16 healthy volunteers. The half-life was 2.57±0.14 h (S.E.) in 10 slow acetylators of sulphadimidine, and 2.18±0.15 h in 6 fast acetylators (difference not statistically significant). AUC0−∞ was significantly higher in slow acetylators, at 1.04±0.10 µg·hour·ml−1, compared to 0.66±0.12 µg·hour·ml−1 in the fast acetylators (p〈0.025). Treatment with Apresoline® 25 mg tid produced minimum serum concentrations at steady-state of 57.3±7.3 ng·ml−1 and 33.4±4.2 ng·ml−1 in 8 slow and 5 fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.05). The corresponding maximum concentrations were 228.8±20.3 ng·ml−1 and 147.6±15.0 ng·ml−1 in slow and fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.025). First-pass metabolism of hydralazine could explain the difference in bioavailability of the drug between fast and slow acetylators, without any corresponding difference in the elimination rate of the drug in the post-distributive phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous infusion ; two compartment model ; biological half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amitriptyline was given to four male volunteers by constant rate intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected before, during and at various times after the infusion for estimation of the serum concentrations of amitriptyline. The level of nortriptyline never reached a detectable level. A two compartment open model was shown to be applicable to the data obtained. The meaning of the parameters obtained by a non-linear, least squares curve fitting procedure is discussed and the values are compared to those recently published for nortriptyline. The calculated biological half-life of amitriptyline was about 17 hours, a figure which differs considerably from previously calculated values for volunteers, but is in accordance with some newer results from patients.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 55-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Penicillin V ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; dose ranging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An absorption study was performed in ten healthy volunteers to test the bioavailability of various doses of two penicillin V-K preparations: Isocillin® (Hoechst AG, Federal Republic of Germany), — tablets of 600 000 and 1.2 Mega U; V-Cillin® (Eli Lilly, USA), — tablets of 200 000, 400 000 and 800 000 U. The serum concentrations and elimination of the active substance in urine were measured for six hours after administration. Independently of the source of the preparation, a strict linear relation between the dose and the area under the serum curve (AUC), or between the dose and the urinary elimination, was demonstrated by regression analysis. The dose-dependent increase in the AUC was highly significant (p〈0.01) in the range tested, i.e. between 200 000 and 1.2 Mega U. The relative elimination of active substance in urine lay within narrow limits for all doses (35.7–41.3%). Thus, both compounds proved to have the same bioavailability.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ampicillin ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; branded products ; proprietary preparations ; capsule formulation ; tablet formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three different brands of ampicillin were studied in 10 volunteers. After intravenous administration ampicillin can be described adequately by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The half-life during the α-phase was 9 min and the β-half-life was in the range 50–60 min, independent of the mode of administration. Absolute bioavailability was determined from the ratio of the areas under the serum concentration curves obtained after oral and intravenous administration of equal doses. Bioavailability was also estimated by analysis of variance. The results indicated absolute availability of the three products of 39–54%. One of the products, a capsule formulation, showed a significantly lower bioavailability than the others, which were tablet formulations.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 263-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Butobarbital ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; oral administration ; accumulation ; enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the assay of therapeutic levels of butobarbital (5-ethyl-5-n-butylbarbituric acid) in human plasma, which involves a single extraction step followed by gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization detection. The pharmacokinetics of butobarbital were studied in five healthy volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg. Plasma concentrations were determined at regular intervals up to 96 h and the data were fitted by non-linear, least squares regression analysis according to one-compartment kinetics. The average lag time was 0.11 h and the absorption half-life 0.21 h. The elimination half-life varied from 33.6 to 41.5 h with an average of 37.5 h. Four of the volunteers participated in a study of multiple dosing (every 24 h) during which substantial accumulation of butobarbital was observed. The elimination half-life after termination of drug administration had decreased to about 20–25% of its initial value, probably because of enzyme induction. It was concluded that butobarbital could not be regarded as a suitable drug for treatment of insomnia, since CNS depressant effects were likely to persist into the following day. Repeated administration of butobarbital should be avoided and its incidental use restricted to patients who require day-time sedation.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Bendroflumethiazide ; diuretics ; GLC ; thiazides ; plasma level ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A GLC method for determination of bendroflumethiazide has been developed, using extractive methylation. Cyclopenthiazide was used as internal standard. The maximal plasma concentration (56–107 ng/ml) after bendroflumethiazide 10 mg given orally to four healthy volunteers was seen at 2–2.5 h. On the slope between 4 and 10 h T1/2 averaged 2.7 h.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; drug interaction ; phenprocoumon ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; sulphonylureas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of various antidiabetic treatments on the kinetics and efficacy of a single oral dose of 12 mg phenprocoumon were studied in 71 hospitalized patients, 58 with adult-onset diabetes mellitus and 13 non-diabetic aged patients, and 13 healthy young volunteers. Treatment for one week or longer with insulin or the antidiabetic sulphonylureas tolbutamide, glibenclamide or glibornuride, altered neither the plasma level (1.29 – 1.40 µg/ml at zero time) nor the half-life of phenprocoumon (5.2 – 6.8 d) compared to treatment by diet alone. The mean half-life of phenprocoumon was significantly shorter in non-diabetic aged patients (4.2 d) than in diabetic patients of the same age (5.1 – 6.8 d), or in young healthy volunteers (5.7 d). The efficacy of a single dose of phenprocoumon (maximal reduction of Quick-values by 34 – 47% after 48 to 72 hrs) in diabetic patients treated with diet, or diet and antidiabetic drugs, was the same as in non-diabetic aged patients. In healthy young volunteers phenprocoumon was half as effective as in aged patients.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenazone ; pharmacokinetics ; injuries ; surgery ; operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The elimination rate of phenazone after a single oral dose has been studied before and after elective operations. In a group of patients with different illnesses the elimination rate was increased on the fourth to seventh days after operation but was unchanged on the second and third days. The change in elimination rate was highly significant in a standardized group of nine patients with a ligament injury in one knee studied on the fourth or fifth postoperative day. Possible reasons for the changes are discussed.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 199-230 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: disopyramide ; antiarrhythmic ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide, 4-diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide phosphate, and its monodealkylated metabolite were investigated in seven volunteers after intravenous (1 and 2 mg/kg) and oral (3 and 6 mg/kg) administration. Unchanged drug (52%) and the monodealkylated metabolite (25%) were renally excreted on intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetics of disopyramide were first order and dose independent only when referenced to the drug not bound to plasma proteins since this binding was dose dependent. The apparent half-lives of the α and β phases on intravenous administration were 2 min and 4.5 hr, respectively. The apparent volumes of distribution of the central and peripheral compartments, referenced to unbound disopyramide in the plasma, were 9 and 80 liters, respectively. The half-life of absorption of oral aqueous disopyramide phosphate was 30 min with a lag time of 16 min and an apparent first-pass metabolism of 16% of the absorbed dose, consistent with the hepatic efficiency of 14%. The renal and metabolic clearances were 125 and 111 ml/min, respectively. Graphical and computer analysis of the plasma and urine data showed dose-independent first-order pharmacokinetics of plasma unbound drug in a two-compartment-body model to give two metabolites and a first-pass transformation of a fraction of the oral dose. The absorption efficiency of unchanged drug was 83%.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 337-353 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bioavailability ; pharmacological data ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The use of data deriving from monitoring the time variation of the intensity of pharmacological effect(s) following dosing can often present an advantageous alternative to the more conventional approach of using chemical or radiological assay of blood and/or urine level data for bioavailability evaluations of drug products: bioavailability studies can be performed with drugs where no assay exists. A relatively simplified discussion of the general theoretical principles on which the use of pharmacological data is based and a stepwise description of the approach for its routine application in bioavailability studies are presented. Approaches for computing rates and extents of drug bioavailability vs. time profiles on analog and digital computers are qualitatively described and quantitatively presented in a subsequent report. The concept of preabsorption (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is introduced and biophasic availability of drugs to local sites of action is discussed.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 355-375 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: deconvolution ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling ; pharmacological data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical expressions and approaches to the computation of rates and extents of drug bioavailability for implementation on analog and digital computers are derived. The equivalency of expressions derived on the basis of assuming compartment models to an approach based on using experimentally determined weighting functions is demonstrated. The relative merits of the two techniques are discussed: their application for use with temporal pharmacological data is emphasized. The applicability of the computational techniques to determining the availability of drugs at local sites of action (biophasic availability) and to computing preabsorptive drug release into the gastrointestinal contents (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is pointed out. An approach to computationally predicting in vivo blood level or pharmacological response vs. time profiles from in vitro dissolution testing results is presented and its limitations are discussed.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; compartmental model ; phenol red ; phenol red glucuronide ; dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A flow-limited multicompartment model simulates the distribution and disposition of phenol red in the dogfish after intravenous administration. Glucuronide conjugate, as well as parent compound, was found in urine and bile, but not in plasma, kidney, or liver tissue. An apparent 4-hr lag in phenol red appearance in the gall bladder was simulated using two stirred tanks connected in series to represent the bile ducts. The model should facilitate use of the dogfish in pharmacokinetic studies of drugs, environmental contaminants, and other xenobiotics.
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  • 24
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 5-20 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inverses and inverse square roots of overlap matrices are approximated by polynomials constructed on the basis of an integral transform of the metric resolvent and Kublanovskaya's conformal mapping technique. Given reasonable upper and lower bounds for the support of the overlap matrix spectral distribution, the described expansions have significantly better convergence properties than the well known power series methods, yet retain the simplicity of these schemes.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 25
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 87-111 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The algebra of the representation of the special unitary group SU(2), the universal covering of the proper rotation group SO(3), is studied in a nonstandard basis. We are using a basis adapted to a chain of type SU(2) ⊃ … ⊃ G″ ⊃ G′ ⊃ G. The introduction of such a chain enables us to label, at least partially, the elements of the irreducible tensorial sets under SU(2) with irreducible representations of G, G″ G″, …. We are thus led to introduce the restriction SU(2) → … → G″ → G′ → G in the Wigner-Racah algebra of the group SU(2). The physical interest of this machinery lies in the fact that the double group of any point symmetry group belongs, up to an isomorphism, to the considered chain. The formalism described in this paper thus appears to be useful in molecular and solid-state calculations. It is particularly efficient in the fields of vibrational-rotational and electronic spectroscopy of molecules. In Appendix A the master formulae, principally the Wigner-Eckart-Racah theorem, for the Wigner-Racah algebra of a chain of compact topological groups (discrete or continuous) are briefly discussed. Lastly, a programme for computing Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for a chain SU(2) ⊃ … ⊃ G″ ⊃ G′ ⊃ G and numerical results for chains isomorphic to SU(2) ⊃ O′ ⊃ D′4 ⊃ D′2 are described in Appendix B.
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  • 26
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The space correlation factor is studied in LiH and Li2 molecules, using MCSCF wave-functions. The shape of the Fermi hole is related to the localization of molecular space orbitals, while the Coulomb hole study indicates the importance of symmetry properties of the molecular orbitals involved in excited configurations for the representation of the electronic correlation inside the chemical bond.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 27
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of various correlation functions, multiplying the monoelectronic space function, is studied and applied to the Helium atom and its isoelectronic series. We used Slater-type basis orbitals and the ground and first excited states have been studied, taking into account the virial and cusp conditions. In the ground state, a very good value for the correlation energy is obtained, using a function of the type \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 1 - \frac{1}{{1 + 2\alpha }}e^{ - \alpha r_{12} } $$\end{document}For the excited states, this type of function overestimates the assumed value of the correlation energy.
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is given for generating the Yamanouchi-Kotani genealogical spin eigenfunctions which requires neither storage of eigenfunctions for smaller numbers of electrons, nor summations of large order, nor explicit use of results from the theory of representations of the symmetric group. An explicit formula is given for the coefficients of expansion in terms of spin products.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Accurate variational energies have been calculated for three lowest sigma states of the HeH+ ion. This includes the ground state (5 ≤ R ≤ 9 a.u.) which dissociates into He + H+, as well as the A 1Σ+ state (4 ≤ R ≤ 10) and the a 3Σ+ state (3 ≤ R ≤ 10) which both dissociate into He+ + H. The variational results are compared with those obtained using a perturbation theory expansion.
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 135-141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Semiorthogonalized orbitals are introduced as a basis of approximate ab initio molecular calculations. The semiorthogonalized orbitals are obtained from the usual overlapping atomic orbitals by means of a generalized Löwdin transformation. The new orbitals are characterized by two features: many overlaps between them are zero, and they are close to their corresponding initial atomic orbitals. On the basis of the semiorthogonalized orbitals, a scheme of integral approximations is proposed which allows one to carry out approximate ab initio calculations with less computational efforts and thus offers a possibility to perform calculations on much bigger molecules with limited computational facilities. Results are presented for model calculations on the anthracene π-electron system. Orbital energies and electron distribution are quite close to the rigorously calculated values.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 185-186 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 35
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 525-542 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The representation of an N-electron Schrödinger Hamiltonian on an orthonormal, spin-free (freon) orbital product space is exactly modeled by a second-degree polynomial in the infinitesimal generators of the unitary group. Symmetry adaptation of the orbital product space with respect to the symmetric group yields Gel'fand states which provide base for irreducible represntations of the unitary group. These exist in closed form as, in consequence, does the representation of the model Hamiltonian in this same basis. We retain as physical only those states characterized by tableaux with no more than two columns for which the spin labelling is one-half the difference in the lengths of the two columns. The unitary group formulation is equivalent to standard, number-conserving, second-quantized, many-body theory.
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 552-553 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 559-567 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum chemical CNDO/2 calculations for the conformational preference of the side chain of thioridazine as a function of angle indicated the crystallographically determined structure gave the lowest energy. There is also a small region of conformational flexibility within the first 90° of rotation of the side chain. This is commensurate with the results which we had obtained previously for our similar calculations for promazine and its Cl and CF3 derivatives, perazine and its Cl and CF3 derivatives, and for the hypothetical hitherto unknown N-piperidinopromazine and its Cl and CF3 derivatives. The conformational profile of thioridazine resembles that of the perazines. The calculated gross atomic populations on the alkyl nitrogen in thioridazine was within the range we had previously found necessary for neuroleptic activity.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 615-628 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methodology developed in earlier papers is used to compute the 6j symbols and 3jm factors that arise in the group chain SO3 ⊃ T ⊃ C1. The relevant character theory is given and the 2j and 3j symbols calculated. Selection rules are used to predict which j symbols or jm factors are necessarily zero, and then a set of 6j fundamentals computed for T. The complete set of primitive 6j symbols are then computed by application of the orthogonality and Racah backcoupling relations. Primitive 3jm factors are calculated for SO3 ⊃ T and T ⊃ C3 and, from these, all the 3jm factors for T ⊃ C3 and some of those for SO3 ⊃ T computed. A complete table of non-equivalent 6j symbols for T and 3jm factors for T ⊃ C3 is given, together with a table for SO3 ⊃ T of all 3jm factors with j ≤ 2.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 669-681 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper an iterative generalization of the minimum principle proposed for electronic systems by Hall, Hyslop, and Rees is investigated. It is shown that this generalization still retains the advantage of using members of a larger class of trial wave-functions, for example those with discontinuities, as initial approximations to the wave-functions. This scheme has the advantage that, at each stage of iteration, an upper bound is obtained which is at least as good as that obtained previously.The theory is first applied to the hydrogen atom. It is then adapted to estimate the Hartree-Fock energy of the helium atom, the Hartree-Fock limit being obtained after a relatively small number of iterations.
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 683-697 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is proposed for characterizing pairs of finite dimensional subspaces of the Hilbert space. The method might be helpful for the proper selection of coordinate and projective spaces leading to reliable realizations of the Galerkin-Petrov method for use in quantum chemistry. In order to illustrate the method some numerical results are presented.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 719-731 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new effective semiempirical method of optimization of one-electron wave-functions has been proposed without a necessity to determine any exact many-electron wave-function. The method designed for LCAO MO calculations is based on a concept of interacting quasi-particles and on nonorthogonal spin-orbitals. “Mixing” of the pure single-particle wave-functions is optimized by means of the procedure which requires only one empirical parameter for each considered state of a whole system. The procedure results in optimal distribution of total electron charge between the individual spin-orbitals. The general method has been illustrated with calculations for the ground state of lithium atom.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 771-780 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coupled and uncoupled Hartree-Fock theories are used to compute the electric dipole polarizability of water, ammonia, and methane with three different GTO basis sets. Bounds for the geometric approximation to uncoupled polarizabilities are also computed to examine the accuracy of calculated values. The results are compared with those obtained by a variational-perturbation method proposed by Rebane. The numerical tests provide some information on the correlation terms affecting total computed polarizabilities. The computed values are shown to be in fair or good agreement with experimental data for the largest basis sets. The reliability of Rebane's method with respect to coupled HF procedure is also discussed.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 811-835 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The orthogonalized plane wave (OPW) method of calculating electronic continuum wave-functions is tested by the computation of photodetachment cross-sections and angular distributions for gaseous halide anions. The results are compared to those obtained by a related augmented plane wave (APW) method involving the exact solution of a single-particle Schrödinger equation containing a piecewise Coulombic potential energy. These comparisons, as well as other involving experimental and theoretical cross-sections from the literature, indicate that OPW cross-sections are, at best, only semi-quantitatively reliable for describing photodetachment even at low photon energies, and that OPW cross-sections should be calculated using the dipole length operator rather than the dipole velocity operator.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 941-949 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A computation scheme is proposed to determine the wave-functions of molecular systems within the framework of the CMC SCF theory and the APSG SCF approach. The orbital optimization is carried out by the refined first-order one-electron Hamiltonian method. Explicit expressions of the first and second energy derivatives are obtained. In the suggested scheme all the calculations are based on using the matrices of the “partial” Coulomb and the exchange operators constructed over the orbitals at the current iteration cycle.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 967-974 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spatial angular correlation of electrons in the ground state of the helium atom has been examined using configuration interaction and Hylleraas wave-functions. It was found that, in general, the average angle between the electrons is not a maximum when the two electrons are at the same distance from the nucleus. For configuration interaction wave-functions there is a position of the electrons for which the average value of the angle between the electrons is a maximum. Hylleraas wave-functions do not show this behavior.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interrelations between the local and the global aspects of the stability, continuity, and symmetry properties of variational wave-functions are discussed. The spherical limit of one-electron diatomic molecules and the Hartree-Fock approximation of the ground state of the two-electron atom are shown to exhibit the various concepts involved in an ab initio, yet sufficiently simple, manner.
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1057-1059 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of the π-electron system in benzene has been obtained by means of valence bond calculations using orthogonal and nonorthogonal basis orbitals at different levels of configuration interaction, which shows the influence of the orthogonalization procedures.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1077-1079 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 383-391 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Another possible application of a previously reported approximation theory for electron repulsion integrals using rigorous error bounds is considered by incorporating the electron density matrix in the approximation scheme. Error bounds are set on the contribution of a given integral to the total energy for a given molecular wave-function; the wave-function is then refined cyclically and additional integrals are computed exactly if necessary until convergence is achieved.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 799-809 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Matrix elements of the Runge-Lenz vector A are presented for those linear combinations of degenerate hydrogenic functions often referred to as hybrid orbitals. The uncertainties in the components of A for each type of wave-function are related to the distribution of classical Kepler orbits corresponding to each function. Matrix elements of A with respect to radially nodeless Slater functions are presented, as these functions are often used as a basis set in atomic and molecular calculations. The properties of A for a piecewise Coulombic central field are discussed in relation to the description of penetrating orbits in the old quantum theory. Simultaneous eigenfunctions of A and the Hamiltonian cannot be chosen for the piecewise Coulombic field because of a discontinuity in the radial derivative of the potential energy.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 901-908 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PCILO method is used for the study of molecular systems with translational symmetry in a two-dimensional lattice. The calculation for the whole crystal is reduced to the calculation of unit cell pairs. By using the translational symmetry and the first-neighbour approximation, one shows that only four unit cell pairs have to be considered. The procedure described yields the ground-state energy and the charge distribution of the unit cell.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 917-935 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The instabilities, especially the singlet instabilities, of the conventional Hartree-Fock (HF) solutions for a variety of alternant and nonalternant hydrocarbons, some of which have been known to show lattice instabilities (bond-length alterations), are examined. The HF solutions for nonalternant hydrocarbons in the pentalene series larger than heptalene and [4n + 2]-annulenes larger than C22H22 are found to be singlet unstable and there appear new solutions lower in energy than the conventional HF solutions and characterized by charge-density waves exhibiting bond-order alterations. It is found that such symmetry-breaking solutions are energetically further stabilized by distorting the nuclear framework so that it may match up with the distribution of bond-order matrix elements of the charge-density wave, which means that in conjugated systems the singlet instability of the HF solution is always accompanied with the lattice instability. Further, it is shown that in conjugated systems, even when the HF solution is singlet stable, if it is not sufficiently stable as, for example, in pentalene and heptalene, there is every possibility for the occurrence of lattice instability. It is also shown that the singlet instability as well as the lattice instability arises from the existence of a sufficiently low-lying singlet excited state.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 961-966 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed RHF, UHF, UHF with subsequent spin projection, and EHF calculations for the π-electrons of some polyene chains of different lengths in order to investigate the relations among these methods when the number of electrons increases. Special attention is paid to the importance of spin projection for different energetic quantities.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 261-280 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The densities of states and Fermi energies were accurately calculated from E(k) data obtained by the self-consistent-band Augmented Plane Wave (APW) method, using a quadratic energy expansion. The reliability of the Monte Carlo integration was investigated. It was sufficiently good to determine the anisotropy of the Fermi surface of lithium, sodium, and potassium.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 325-340 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method is proposed for the analysis of components of molecular interaction energy within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals of the isolated molecules are used as the basis for the construction of Fock matrix of the supermolecule. Then certain blocks of this matrix are set to zero subject to specify boundary conditions of the supermolecule molecular orbitals, and the resultant matrix is diagonalized iteratively to obtain the desired energy components. This method can be considered as an extension of our previous method, but has an advantage in the explicit definition of the charge transfer energy, placing it on an equal footing with the exchange and polarization terms. The new method is compared with existing perturbation methods, and is also applied to the energy and electron density decomposition of (H2O)2.
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 379-379 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The canonical orthornormalisation procedure is derived through an integral equation with a finite rank kernel. Its optimal properties in connection with the problem of approximate linear dependence are established.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single-exponential Slater type orbitals of the form ψ1 = (1 + L1(r, θ) + L2(r, θ) +…+ Ln(r, θ)) exp (- αr) are examined for their potential use as one-center molecular orbitals. These are then to be used as molecular fragments in a LCMO study. The system examined is HeH+ + with calculated energies and dipole moments being compared to the exact values. These functions behave best in the region of chemical interest (the bonding region) and thus demonstrate a possible usefulness in LCMO calculations and in the field of one-electron diatomics.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 495-510 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ground-state energy of the beryllium atom is calculated using a variational procedure in which the elements of the two-body reduced density matrix (particle-particle matrix) are the variational parameters. It is shown that, for this problem and with the limited number of spin-orbitals used, the trace condition and the simultaneous nonnegativity conditions on the particle-particle, the particle-hole, and the hole-hole matrices form a complete solution to the N-representability problem.The energy obtained is - 14.61425 a.u., practically identical to the value given by a configuration interaction calculation which uses the same states. The effects of weakening the nonnegativity conditions on each of the matrices in turn were also explored.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 37-56 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inelastic collisions leading to rotationally excited molecular targets and involving protons as projectiles are theoretically examined from the point of view of both the scattering equations in the close coupling formalism and the interaction potentials between the partners.A phenomenological approach is suggested for constructing such interactions and computational results are reported for simple diatomic targets. The inadequacy of more traditional ‘static’ approaches, when called for explaining dynamic couplings with open channels and centrifugal effects, is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper contains a discussion of asymptotic properties of inverses of cyclic overlap matrices relevant to LCAO theory based on localized orbitals. For inverse metric elements, Δlαl′β-1, and for large distances, R, between centres of localized orbital α in cell l and localized orbital β in cell l′, it is shown that: one-dimensional case: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta _{l\alpha l\prime\beta }^{- 1} \sim{\rm const}{\rm .}\,{\rm exp}\,{\rm (} -{\rm const}{\rm . \times }R{\rm )} $$\end{document} two-dimentional case: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta _{l\alpha l\prime\beta }^{ - 1} \sim{\rm const}{\rm .}\,\,R^{ - _2^1 } \,{\rm exp}\,{\rm (} - {\rm const}{\rm . \times }R{\rm )} $$\end{document} three-dimentional case: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta _{l\alpha l\prime\beta }^{ - 1} \sim{\rm const}{\rm .}\,\,R^{ - 1} \,{\rm exp}\,{\rm (} - {\rm const}{\rm . \times }R{\rm )} $$\end{document}These results are quite general and do not presuppose any restrictions as to symmetry (apart from the cyclic one), number of orbitals per unit cell, or vanishing of overlap integrals associated with neighbours beyond a fixed order. By way of illustration, explicit applications to one-, two-, and three-dimensional, simple, mono-orbitalic lattices with first-neighbour overlap only are included.
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 461-472 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The half-projected Hartree-Fock function for singlet states (HPHF) is analysed in terms of natural electronic configurations. For this purpose the HPHF spinless density matrix and its natural orbitals are first deduced.It is found that the HPHF function does not contain any contribution from odd-times excited configurations. It is seen in addition, in the case of the singlet ground states, this function is approximately equivalent to two closed-shell configurations, although the nature of the excited one depends on the nuclear geometry. An example is given in the case of the LiH ground state. Finally, the application of this model for studying systems of more that two atoms is criticized.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1087-1088 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1007-1010 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple proof of the theorem that completely filled shells of fermions do not contain any symmetry component other than the totally symmetric representation is given.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1037-1047 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The introduction of symmetry-adapted hybrid atomic orbitals on the metallic atoms allows us to divide the crystal into elementary cells which contain 8 valence electrons each. These cells are described by linear combinations of the halogen valence shell s and p orbitals and the hybrid orbitals of the nearest metallic atoms which point to the halogen. The electronic delocalization of the halogen ions is very weak (≤0.02) for: LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, NaCI, and KCI. The cell energy in the crystal is obtained by using a first-order perturbative treatment. In agreement with experiment, the f.c.c. type is found more stable than the b.c.c. or the blende type.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1075-1076 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 1083-1085 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 545-550 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 553-553 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 72
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio LCAO-MO-SCF Gaussian basis function calculations have been performed for chlorpromazine and promazine. By prescreening for the size of the integrals before calculation, it was only necessary to calculate 12 million out of the possible 38.5 million integrals for chlorpromazine. By a novel procedure of processing the integral tapes for the SCF it was possible to cut down significantly on the amount of time for the SCF. The SCF calculations converged smoothly for both promazine and chlorpromazine. There is a sizeable energy gap between the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals in these molecules (which is of the order of -0.3 a.u.) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (which is of the order of + 0.15 a.u.). The gross atomic populations of chlorpromazine and promazine resemble each other and differ only somewhat on the carbon atom to which the substituent is attached and the carbons and their hydrogens adjacent to it.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 643-658 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variant of the transcorrelated method of Boys and Handy employing finite differences is presented. It is based upon the following two properties of the transcorrelated Hamiltonian operator C-1HC: (1) C-1HC possesses an energy eigenvalue spectrum which is identical to that associated with H itself; and (2) if \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ C \equiv \begin{array}{*{20}c} \pi & {e^{r_{ij} /2} } \\ {i 〉 j} & {} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} then C-1HC is free of the singularities of H at the points where the interelectron separation rij is zero. A bivariational principle for approximating the eigenvalues and the left and right eigenfunctions of C-1HC is introduced and the resulting set of coupled integro-differential equations are solved in finite-difference form by means of a coupled self-consistent field, Newton Raphson algorithm. As a preliminary test of the method, a calculation of the ground-state energy of the helium atom is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 715-715 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 739-742 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effectiveness of the recently developed method for optimization of one-electron wave-functions is directly examined by means of a simple procedure. By means of the same procedure the dependence of electron correlation on the nuclear charge and on the number of electrons is also investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 381-381 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 393-412 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular one-electron Dirac equation is derived by variation of a total energy density functional, whereby the one-electron energies are ascribed a physical meaning. The multiple scattering formalism for molecular systems is relativistically generalized for the determination of molecular four-component spinors. Optimal spinors and one-electron energies for a finite basis set are derived by variation of a functional. The form of the secular equation is very similar to the nonrelativistic form. Using scattering theory, the quantities appearing in the secular equation are interpreted.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 439-454 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated various nonstandard 1s basis functions (generalized Slater-Gaussian, ellipsoidal Gaussian, floating spherical and ellipsoidal Gaussian, rational function, Hulthén approximation, two-Slater-type orbital, generalized Guillemin-Zener function, and various noninteger-n elliptical orbitals) for approximating the 1Σg+ ground state of H2 and He2++. A CI trial wave-function including Σg-type MO's is adopted and molecular integrals are evaluated numerically. The energy improvement on the 1s STO is small except for noninteger-n orbitals which closely approach the “SCF limit”.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 79
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 71-86 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relation of the straightforward Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory for the interaction of two atoms to the asymptotic exchange theory is described. The one-electron case of a hydrogen atom perturbed by a nucleus is examined in detail. It is shown that the asymptotic theory contains an infinite summation of terms in the Rayleigh-Schrödinger series. The nature of the branching between states and its implications for convergence is elucidated.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 123-134 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optimization scheme of the “multiconfiguration method based on the generalized Brillouin theorem” (MCGBT) has been analysed and found to converge quadratically. Its rate of convergence has been compared with that of other optimization methods such as the first-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation, the steepest descent, the single vector diagonalization, the Newton-Raphson, and the conventional SCF method. The convergence of the MCGBT scheme has been found to be superior to the convergence of the above mentioned schemes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 163-174 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A direct method to optimize parameters in nonorthogonal basis orbitals is discussed. The partial derivatives of the energy of the state of interest, not necessarily the ground state, with respect to the orbital parameters are calculated analytically. The required cofactors up to third order of the overlap matrices over spin-space orbitals in pairs of Slater determinants are calculated by biorthogonalization. All parameters are varied simultaneiously in the direction of the negative gradient (steepest descent). A search logic with dynamically adjusted step-size is shown, in the example of the minimum basis Ne ground state, to find the energy minimum in an efficient manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 281-297 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Assuming a determinantal form for the wave-functions of free molecules, explicit formula for the first-order interaction energy of many closed-shell molecules has been derived. Provided that the determinants describing the free molecules are constructed from the Hartree-Fock orbitals, the two-, three-, and four-body effects predicted by the first-order perturbation theory are closely related to those which one obtains in the framework of the Löwdin LCAO MO-type approach. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations for the system of three ground-state helium atoms.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 341-358 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is proposed to calculate electronic structure of atoms and molecules by combining the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac (TFD) theory and a correct quantum mechanical treatment. The potential generated from the TFD treatment of the positively charged cores contains no adjustable parameters and requires no modification for proper asymptotic behavior. To take the exclusion principle into account, the valence electron wave-function is constructed from the n + 1st, n + 2nd, etc. solutions to the one-electron Schrödinger equation using the core potential, where n is the number of core electrons. For the potassium atom, the simple calculations give excellent agreement with experiment for ionization potential, transition frequencies and intensities, magnetic susceptibility, and electric polarizability. From a two-electron configuration interaction wave-function for K-, a value for the electron affinity of K is obtained which agrees with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 419-428 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The evaluation of interatomic interactions at large separations (R) typically involves neglecting electron exchange, treating the Coulomb interaction between atoms as a perturbation, neglecting third- and higher-order energy contributions, and approximating the Coulomb interaction by a short expansion in spherical harmonics and, usually, powers of R-1. This last approximation, using an approximate perturbing Hamiltonian to evaluate a second-order perturbed energy, is examined here; error bounds and a simple correction are introduced. Three illustrative applications to the H—H+ interaction are given: the error incurred by truncating the spherical-harmonic expansion is bounded, the R-1 expansion is corrected for the overlap of the “atomic” charge distributions, and the R-1 expansion is analyzed to see why it works as well as it does.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 88
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have developed a many-body version of Woodward-Hoffmann theory which is capable of rapid computation of π-electronic surfaces. This theory, called the Hückel-Hubbard theory, employs Hückel parameters as reaction coordinates and the Hubbard parameter for electron repulsion. We apply it to the cis-trans isomerization of ethylene and to several pericyclic reactions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 91
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 599-613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The various orthogonality and sum rules which the 6j and 3jm symbols satisfy are sufficient to obtain the algebraic formulas for these symbols for SO3 ⊃ SO2. Character theory enters in that the j's and m's occurring in the various sums are given by the triangle rule \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ j_1 \times j_2 = \left| {j_1 - j_2 } \right| \oplus \ldots \oplus \left( {j_1 + j_2 } \right) $$\end{document} together with information on the symmetrized product and the branching, SO3 ⊃ SO2, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ j \to \left( { - j} \right) \oplus \ldots \oplus \left( j \right) $$\end{document} The resulting calculation is somewhat simpler, algebraically speaking, than previous calculations and has the pedagogical advantage that only the concept of an irreducible representation of a group is required, instead of the more elaborate concept of ladder operators.
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 659-668 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Singlet-triplet spin-orbit matrix elements, which govern the lowest 3B1u ← 1Ag transition in typical aromatic molecules like naphtalene and anthracene, are calculated with INDO molecular orbitals and the conventional spin-orbit one-electron hamiltonian. The correct order of magnitude of the triplet radiative lifetimes is obtained for the two molecules, when INDO MO coefficients are referred to a symmetrically orthogonalized basis. The possibility of using the semiempirical Hamiltonian is explored using ab initio wave-functions for a few test cases. Reasonably accurate doublet-doublet and singlet-triplet matrix elements have been computed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 699-714 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is developed for determining the allowed states of a many-particle system at definite states of the subsystems (impurity ion complexes in crystals, nucleon clusters in nuclei, polyatomic molecules). The advantage of the method proposed here over those previously developed is that the present one is independent of the number of particles in the subsystems. Depending on the value of spin Sa the subsystems are considered either as bosons or fermions. The representation character expression whose expansion gives all the terms 2s+1Γ(α) with a definite value of total spin of the system is written as the product of permutation and orbital factors. The orbital factor is defined in terms of characters of the local point group representations. Some alternative ways of calculating the permutation factor are discussed: a) with the use of tables of reduction of the unitary transformation group U2Sa+1 in a three-dimensional rotation group; b) through the plethysm coefficients; and c) in terms of 3nj-symbols of three-dimensional rotation group. Some examples of application of the method to various systems are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 733-737 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of selected electronic properties for isoelectronic series of Li, Be, B, and C has been presented. The study is based on the recently developed procedure of optimization of atomic spin-orbitals.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 747-760 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general model for the vibrational interactions of the hydrogen bonds in molecular crystals is presented. The energy and the intensity distributions of the IR spectra of the 1-methylthymine and uracil crystals are correctly reproduced.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 791-797 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A many-electron theory is developed for the determination of pure spin state wave-functions and energies to avoid the difficulties in doing integration. The Waller-Hartree pure spin state wave-functions are very convenient for this purpose. The required explicit formulas for the values of the Waller-Hartree wave-functions Y(S, M) and HY(S, M) at some physical points are produced, where local orthonormal orbitals are used to simplify the calculation of HY(S, M). A method for the construction of these orbitals is given, and a transformation formula is also given to show the interchangability between the local energy expression and the conventional expectation energy integral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 853-866 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Combined CI-HY method calculations are reported for the ground and first three excited S states of He with an error on the order of 10-7 a.u. within the same 120-term basis. For He 1P, the four lowest states are obtained with an error ≤2 × 10-6 a.u. within the same 102-term basis. H-1 S and 1P states are also treated by the same CI-HY technique. The utility of an spd Slater-type orbital, rijv, v = 0, 1 basis is investigated, with indications that it might be an excellent basis for states of first row atoms.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 867-872 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The many-neighbor approximation (MNA) is a molecular orbital approach in which the nth nearest-neighbor interaction is written in terms of the nth power of the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interaction parameter ρ(〈1). By adopting such an approach, an examination is made of the effect of the MN interactions on the crossed-band structure of sp-hybrid crystals. The results obtained show that the MN interactions cause the two allowed bands to expand, with increasing ρ, at the expense of the band gap. The significance of this gap reduction for Shockley surface states is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 909-916 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PCILO method was used to calculate the intermolecular interaction of London-van der Waals type, hydrogen bonding type, and charge transfer type interactions, respectively. The stabilization energies of the calculated supermolecules are: 0.85 kcal · mole-1 for the nonane dimer,4.15 kcal · mole-1 for the water dimer, and3.60 kcal · mole-1 for the butene-2-cis-Li+ complex.The analysis of the individual contributions of the energy reflects well the mechanism of the intermolecular interaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 10 (1976), S. 951-954 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two general harmonic oscillator elements \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left\langle m \right|\hat x^s \hat p\left| n \right\rangle $$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left\langle m \right|\exp \left[ { - \alpha \left( {\hbar /m*\omega } \right)\hat x^2 } \right]\exp \left( {\beta \hat x} \right)\left| n \right\rangle $$\end{document} are derived by a generating function method using operator techniques which contain practically all one- and two-centre integrals with equal frequencies of chemical physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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