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  • 1985-1989  (1,651)
  • 1986  (1,651)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (943)
  • Chemical Engineering  (708)
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Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,651)
Year
  • 201
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1053-1053 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 202
    Electronic Resource
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1169-1175 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A feasible means for the long-term storage of thermal energy considers the hydration of CaCl2. Differential and integral beds of Celite pellets impregnated with CaCl2 were employed to dehydrate humid air. Experimental studies were used in modeling the behavior of this system, which involved the solution of four partial differential equations. The simultaneous solution of these equations, using a modified Gear's method, yielded information about the temperature and composition distribution of both the air stream and the impregnated pellets. The mathematical solution predicts the time-dependent moving front characterized by a maximum temperature. Predicted and experimental measurements were found to be in good agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 203
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1406-1406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 204
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1409-1418 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A statistical procedure for determining whether process variables have undergone a change of steady states is developed by using a composite statistical test. Factors influencing the power of the test and the probability of Type I errors were studied through theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and application to plant data. They include the number of variables to be tested together, the number of measurements used in time averaging, the levels of significance of the tests, and the appropriate formulation of the hypotheses. The procedure developed here is useful in process data reconciliation and in applications that require an analysis of process trends.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 205
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overall reduced ionic activity coefficient Γ* is useful in characterizing the overall nonideality of an aqueous mixed-electrolyte solution. It has been shown in Part I that Γ* can be simply related to Γ of single-electrolyte solutions containing the component electrolytes without using empirical constants. This basic relationship is used in this paper for deriving predictive equations for several properties in terms of corresponding properties of single-electrolyte solutions containing the component electrolytes. The predictive equations need no empirical constants. The properties covered include volume properties such as density and adiabatic compressibility, thermal properties such as enthalpy and specific heats, and others such as free energy, expansibility, and depression in freezing point. Comparison with experimental data shows that the predictive equations have an accuracy varying from 0.03% for density to 2% for freezing point depression, and are valid for the entire range of concentrations encountered in practice.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 206
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1483-1490 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thermal gravimetric method was used to measure rates of decomposition of NAHCO3 particles. Such decomposition produces a highly porous Na2Co3 that reacts with SO2 rapidly and completely at moderate temperatures. Hence, NaHCO3 decomposition provides a reactant with attractive features for SO2 removal. The rapid rate of decomposition combined with the high heat effect prevented determining intrinsic rates by constant temperature runs when the temperature level was above 400 K. However, rising-temperature runs, which allowed time for heat transfer to equilibrate temperatures of the thermocouple and particles, gave reliable results at high temperatures. The activation energy was 102 kJ/mol. Porosimeter data verified the large increase in pore volume (from 0.03 to 0.39 × 10-3 m3/kg) on converting the NaHCO3 particles to Na2CO3. First-order kinetics were observed up to high conversions, after which the apparent order decreased. However, the sodium bicarbonate could be completely converted to Na2CO3.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 207
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1612-1621 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under periodic operating conditions, the instantaneous rate of the heterogeneous catalytic addition of acetic acid to ethylene can be an order of magnitude higher than at steady state. A real surface, multistep control model takes into account the strong inhibition of the acid to ethylene sorption and describes the steady state and transient behavior quantitatively.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 208
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1635-1641 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A time-domain solution in the form of infinite series for the break-through curves is derived for zeolite adsorbers. Three diffusion steps are accounted for in the solution: external film, macropore, and micropore. The solution is based on the assumption that the concentration profiles in micropores and macropores are both parabolic.Based on the analytic solution, a simple criterion is given for the relative importance of the three individual mass transfer resistances. The adsorber behavior is determined by four independent dimensionless parameters. For the commercial zeolite sorbents, the bed behavior is dominated by two parameters: Henry's law constant (K) and the parameter M2, which is the product of the stoichiometric time (L/v) and the time constant for macropore diffusion (Dp/Ro2).The analytic solution is in good agreement with experimental data for the breakthrough curves of nitrogen and methane carried in helium in 5A zeolite beds. When reduced to monodisperse pores, the solution is also in good agreement with Rosen's exact solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 209
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1622-1634 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simplified vent sizing equations for emergency relief requirements in reaction kettles and storage vessels are obtained from analytical consideration. Venting modes include homogeneous-vessel venting, all-vacor venting, and all-liquid venting; energy sources due to runaway chemical reactions and external heating are treated separately. The resulting equations have been shown via numerical examples to yield good agreement with detailed computer simulations, both in terms of temperature and pressure histories during venting and in vent size predictions. These equations are generally applicable over a wide range of overpressure situations and reduce to the correct limit at no overpressure. The relative merit of allowing for overpressure in various venting modes can be demonstrated using these equations. Because of their simple forms, requiring only pertinent physical property and thermal data, these equations readily lend themselves to quick but accurate vent sizing predictions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 210
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1702-1709 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dissolution kinetics of a number of manganese oxides in acidic solutions were studied. Using a slurry reactor, rate laws were determined for each of the manganese oxides in the hydrohalogen acids. Significant variations in the reaction rates (up to five orders of magnitude over the HCl base rate) were obtained with different acids. The addition of anions as neutral salts to acidic solutions is shown to produce the same rate-accelerating effect as acids containing that anion. The effect of the different acids on the oxide dissolution rates is explained using semiconductor band theory and energy diagrams.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 211
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1710-1715 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The volumetric mass transfer coefficients between oxygen and water in a pulp bed have been determined by the gas-liquid reaction method with an enhancement factor approximately equal to one. The coefficients ranged from 0.08 s-1 at 13% to 0.34 s-1 at 19% solids content in the pulp bed, values that are close to those for comparable trickle beds. No liquid flow over the pulp bed (13-19% solids content) occurred under the operating conditions. The results showed that gas-liquid mass transfer was affected only by the solids content of the pulp bed rather than by the oxygen superficial velocity (0.4 to 1.2 cm/s). The gas pressure drop across the pulp bed was also predicted by Ergun's equation using an estimated effective diameter for the fiber flocs.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 212
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1739-1742 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 213
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1743-1746 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 214
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The molecular-thermodynamic correlation presented in Part I for pure fluids is extended to mixtures; this extension is particularly useful for mixtures of components with large differences in molecular size or potential energy. The novel feature of this correlation is a separation of the high-density and low-density contributions to the residual Helmholtz energy; this separation allows use of separate mixing rules for each density regime, guided by theoretically defined boundary conditions. Such flexibility is necessary to represent phase equilibria in highly asymmetric fluid mixtures such as water-hydrocarbon systems. Phase equilibria are correlated for a variety of binary and multicomponent mixtures, including a petroleum reservoir fluid containing carbon dioxide and including a mixture of hydrogen and coal-derived liquids.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 215
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1935-1935 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 216
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1936-1936 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 217
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1937-1947 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Little attention has been paid to the flow distribution among many thousands of fibers in the hollow-fiber modules of artificial kidney, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis devices despite its potential importance in the efficiency of the module. Numerical study by a finite-difference method, as well as experiment by direct sampling from individual fibers and high-speed photography of a color tracer, has shown that there exists a significant degree of nonuniformity in the flow distribution, which depends on the manifold design, the Reynolds number, and the pressure drop along the fibers.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 218
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work brings together recent gas chromatography experiments and theory involving multiple sorbing species at finite concentration, and theories for multicomponent polymer solutions by means of the parameter estimation procedure of Part 1. Results quantitatively describe the wide variation in peak retention times that are caused by phase equilibrium and chromatographic interference, the best solution models doing so to within or near experimental error. The chromatographic method is capable of detecting differences and peculiarities in the various polymer solution models in both the accuracy of the calculated retention times and the sensitivities of the calculations to the model parameters. Perturbation chromatography offers some unique capabilities for multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium determinations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 219
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 2028-2033 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients for liquid solutions can be measured using a hydrodynamic stability criterion first derived by G. I. Taylor. This method is used in the present work to determine diffusion coefficients for a range of solutes from small molecules to colloidal particles, at infinite dilution and at finite concentrations. The method is simple and accurate and seems to have wide applicability. Taylor's stability criterion can also be used to establish known, linear concentration gradients of several different solutes in one column of fluid, and one solute can be used to create a desired gradient of a second solute.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 220
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 2002-2009 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New data are reported on the crystallization kinetics of potassium sulfate solutions in a laboratory-scale continuous MSMPR cooling crystallizer. Population density distributions determined down to 1 μm by laser light scattering and sieve analysis are corrected for the effects of crystal agglomeration and shape variation and are used to determine accurate growth and nucleation rates. The crystal growth rate is strongly size-dependent, second order with respect to supersaturation, with a high overall activation energy. The surface reaction contribution to the growth process is comparatively large, with a diffusion dependency that increases with crystal size and temperature. While largely consistent with most previous studies, a marked deviation is detected in growth rates at small sizes at which very strong curvature is exhibited in the population density distributions. Secondary nucleation rates vary linearly with suspension density, and the zero size order and activation energy are similar to those of growth but significantly are both much lower at a larger effective size. These observations support the view that growth rate dispersion may be responsible in large part for the substantial variation in reported secondary nucleation kinetics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 221
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Parallel triple detection ; Diesel fuels ; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diesel fuels from different parts of the UK have been analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen-containing PAH, and sulfur-containing PAH using capillary column GC with simultaneous parallel triple detection. The concentrations of polyaromatic compounds (PAC) were high and showed considerable variability amongst the fuels. The PAH are mainly naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene and their alkylated homologs; the PANH are mainly carbazole and its methyl derivatives; the PASH are mainly dibenzothiophene and its methyl derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 222
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 240-241 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Stationary phase immobilization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 223
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 236-239 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Reversed phase ; Chemically bonded phases ; Mixed eluents ; Partition effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple linear relationship which enables the effect of the composition of a binary mobile phase on the retention of a solute to be assessed in reverse phase liquid chromatography using a bonded stationary phase has been derived. The equations have been tested using published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 224
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Chiral stationary phase, CSP ; Optical resolution ; α-Amino acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 225
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 226
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Injection system ; Polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sample introduction system for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, which allows the dissolution of the sample in the supercritical mobile phase before being introduced into the column, was constructed and evaluated. Supercritical n-pentane was shown to solvate high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds that could not be solvated using typical liquid solvents. In addition, split injection of a supercritical fluid solution was found to be more reproducible than split injections of a liquid solution. The potential of such an injection system was demonstrated, although further developments are needed in order to make the technique of practically utility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 227
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 224-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Biological matrices ; Fluorimetric detection ; Selenium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present determination of selenium in biological matrices by HPTLC with in situ fluorimetric detection is an accurate alternative method, comparable to other established methods such as photometry, polarography, neutron activation, or X-ray fluorescence analysis, gas chromatography, and atomic absorption spectrometry.The excellent sensitivity of this procedure is proved by the detection limit of 250 fg of selenium per spot (using purified 2,3,1-naphthoselenodiazole). The oxidation of organic matrices, applying a novel digestion procedure, may be carried out with little instrumental expenditure.Sample preparation steps, such as the oxidation of selenium to Se (VI) and subsequent reduction to Se (IV) do not lead to significant random or systematic errors, nor does the digestion step, if an optimized procedure is used.A recovery rate of 103% and nearly parallel calibration curves for digested selenocysteine standards compared with spiked human serum samples demonstrate the accurate quantitative preparation of a biological matrix. Any interfering metal ions can be masked by addition of chelate-forming reagents.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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  • 228
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 252-254 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Post-column derivatization reaction ; Fluorogenic reaction ; Haloperidol ; N1-Methylnicotinamide chloride ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 229
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 260-260 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 230
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 231
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 232
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography, GC ; Fused silica tubing ; Connector ; Coupling ; Press-fit ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 233
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 304-305 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Non-porous supports ; Tetra-ortho silicates ; Commercial supports ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 234
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 314-316 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 235
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 312-313 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary micro-packed columns ; Open tubular columns ; Sample capacity ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 236
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 320-327 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron capture detector, ECD ; Electron capture sensitization ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron capture detector (ECD) response to numerous aromatic hydrocarbons of low electron affinity (EA) is shown to be detrimentally affected by two processes which compete with and typically overwhelm the electron capture reactions of these molecules. It is shown that the effects of these two undesired reactions can be eliminated by the permanent addition of trimethylamine and one of several alkyl monochlorides to the detector make-up gas. These modifications of the detector gas result in greatly increased sensitivity, increased linearity, and increased reproducibility of response. A kinetic model for the ECD responses of low EA resonance capture molecules is developed which appears to explain these improvements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 237
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 328-334 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retention indices of standard organic compounds of environmental interest were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using a DB-5 fused-silica capillary column. Retention indices are useful references for tentative compound identification by gas chromatography, or confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. They provide elution order for isomers that might be indistinguishable based on mass spectra. Modified Kovats and Lee retention indices are given for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sulfur heterocycles; nitrogen heterocycles; aromatic amines; oxygen heterocycles; phenols; alcohols; ketones; alkanes; nitriles; and methylesters of fatty, dicarboxylic, and aromatic acids for comparison and reference. Retention index values for heterocycles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry are comparable with gas chromatography values previously reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 238
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; OV-240-H, 33% cyanopropyl ; Immobilization by condensation ; Crosslinker, dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane ; in situ methylation, diazomethane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensely leached glass capillaries with OV-240-OH, the most polar commercially available OH-terminated polysiloxane phase at the present time, is described. Beside chemical bonding of the phase via condensation with silanol groups of the support, additional immobilization using dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane as a crosslinker is carried out. After in situ methylation of the immobilized coating, and transformation of acidic impurities of the cyanopropyl substituted phase into the respective methyl esters, increased inertness of the column was observed. Working instructions are given, and processes involved are discussed.
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  • 239
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 240
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Dual capillary gas chromatography ; Alcohols ; MTBE ; Gasolines ; Additives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the identification and direct determination of alcohols and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasolines. The technique involves simultaneous injection of the gasoline without any sample preparation onto two fused silica capillary columns of differing polarities. The method permits simultaneous determinations of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, sec-butanol, 1-butanol, and MTBE. By using an automatic sampler in combination with electronic pressure programming and BASIC programming, the determinations were performed automatically and reproducibly with a relatively short analysis time.
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  • 241
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 409-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed phase ; MAPS phase ; Explosives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 242
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 417-419 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Normal phase ; Bonded phases ; Mercaptopropyl silica gels ; Donor-acceptor complexes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 243
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 561-565 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Pharmacokinetics ; Quantification in human plasma ; Bronchosecretolyticum ; Separation from metabolites ; Ambroxol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bronchosecretolytic drug ambroxol can be reliably quantified in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma is buffered alkaline, extracted with ether, and the organic solvent back-extracted with diluted acid. An automatically sampled aliquot is separated by reversed phase HPLC; the analyte is well separated from two metabolites that interfered strongly in earlier methods. UV detection at 230 nm enables a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/ml. Internal standardization with propranolol allows accurate and precise quantification. Evaluation of the optimized combination of mobile and stationary phase is described, and application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies is illustrated.
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  • 244
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 122-124 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Nonsuppressed ion exchange ; Conductivity ; Detectability ; Inorganic anions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 245
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed-phase HPLC ; Metal chelates ; 8-Hydroxyquinolinates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 246
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Connection device ; Micro packed columns ; Macrobore capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 247
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative planar chromatography, PPC ; Centrifugal planar-column chromatography, CPCC ; Circular development ; On-line observation and detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 248
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 613-617 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fused silica capillary tube isotachophoresis ; Multichannel photodiode array detector ; Cationic dye analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isotachophoresis carried out in a 0.25 mm i.d. fused-silica capillary tube yielded high resolution, compared with that in a fluorinated ethylene-propylene polymer tube. The use of an ultraviolet-visible multichannel spectrophotometer with photodiode array as detector together with a cross flow cell (volume 0.01 μl) was investigated. The system was successfully applied to the analysis of cationic dyes such as neutral red, bismarck brown, and basic fuchsine.
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  • 249
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 535-537 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Reverse-phase ; Nanoliter flow cell ; Column packing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 250
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 251
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 306-307 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Fluorometric determination ; Postcolumn reaction ; o-Phthaldehyde ; Saliva bradykinin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 252
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas-liquid chromatography ; Stationary-phase focusing ; Swelling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sample introduction using the solvent effect can lead to significant swelling of the stationary phase. The phenomenon has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The longitudinal profile of the swollen phase has been established. Swelling can affect the retention time of solutes, the shape of solute bands emerging from the inlet, and the maximum permissible sample size.
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  • 253
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Isothermal vs programmed indices ; Coefficient of index increase ; Equivalent isothermal temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic approach was utilized to deduce the relation between the programmed and isothermal retention indices in chromatography. The relation was given in the form of a chart from which the equivalent isothermal temperature Te is plotted vs ΔT′ with IP as the parameter. ΔT′ is a function of both the inlet and outlet temperatures during the temperature programmed run and Te is the temperature at which the isothermal index is equal to the programmed index IP.
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  • 254
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 362-363 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Back fat of pigs ; Skatole ; Indole ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 255
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 388-391 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Cryogenic GC ; Capillary, fused silica ; Sulfur gases ; Water alterations of phase polarity ; Reverse solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data are presented to illustrate putative water effects on the retention times and peak shapes for seven sulfur-containing compounds when determined by sub-ambient FSOT capillary GC/FPD. The observations are consistent with explanations based upon reported “phase soaking” and “reverse solvent effect” phenomena.
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  • 256
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 405-407 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Solvent effects ; Solvent trapping ; Phase soaking ; Large sample volumes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 257
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 397-399 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Nifedipine ; Determination in human plasma ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma is described. Using a single-step solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography combined with electron capture detection, an assay sensitivity of 2 ng/ml is achieved routinely using 0.5 ml of plasma. Intact nifedipine is quantitated and separated from its nitroso- and nitropyridine-derivatives. The suitability of the assay for pharmacokinetic studies is illustrated.
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  • 258
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Nickel capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electroformed nickel tubing was deactivated by chemical vapor deposition of silicon from silane gas and subsequent treatment with cyclooctamethyltetrasiloxane (D4). Standard activity tests performed on the uncoated tube and also on columns coated with crosslinked and uncrosslinked, nonpolar stationary phase, show that good quality flexible columns can be prepared from nickel tubing. The inner surface of the silicon coated tube was characterized by Auger depth profile analysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 259
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 102-105 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Pharmacokinetics ; Quantitation in human serum ; Antidiabeticum ; Glibenclamide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The antidiabetic drug glibenclamide can be reliably quantitated in human serum with high performance liquid chromatography. The serum is buffered and extracted with toluene. The organic solvent is evaporated, the residue dissolved in the mobile phase and an aliquot sampled automatically and chromatographed. UV-detection at 229 m allows a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/ml. Precise handling of exact volumes facilitates external calibration. Statistical data for imprecision and inaccuracy are given and illustrate reliable quantification. Application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies with specific problems is illustrated.
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  • 260
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 261
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 129-130 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 262
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 136-136 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 263
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 154-160 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Ion mobility detection ; Tunable, selective detection ; Fourier transform-ion mobility spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a unidirectional flow ion mobility detector, non-selective detection, tunable selective detection, and complete Fourier transformed ion mobility spectra were successfully obtained after supercritical fluid chromatography on compounds with higher molecular weights than have been previously investigated. In the most selective mode, single oligomers from polymeric material could be independently detected. Using the Fourier transform capabilities of this instrument, complete ion mobility spectra for each oligomer could be obtained in a single chromatographic separation. The collection of individual ion mobility spectra of the components of polymeric material has not been possible prior to the technique described in this paper. Only complex ion mobility spectra of polymeric mixtures are available in the literature. The spectra obtained in this study are all simple, uncomplicated spectra consisting of only one or two product ion peaks. Ko values reported in this work range from 0.633 to 1.61, which are some of the lowest values ever reported in ion mobility spectrometry.With the unidirectional flow design of the detector, the supercritical fluid mobile phase, carbon dioxide, was efficiently eliminated from the detector so that the ion mobility spectrometer could be operated in its normal manner. The fact that CO2 did not interfere with normal ion mobility operation indicates that other supercritical fluids may also be compatible with this sensitive and versatile detection method.
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  • 264
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 186-187 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 265
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 193-194 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 266
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 267
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 357-358 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Large on-column injection ; Retention gap ; Diethyl-dithiocarbamate-metal chelate analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 268
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 361-361 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative gel-chromatography ; Quantitative analysis of polycarbonates ; Hydrolysis of polycarbonates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 269
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 270
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ligand exchange ; Uracil derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 271
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 272
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 452-455 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid adsorption chromatography ; Mixed mobile phases ; Surface activity coefficients ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General equations describing adsorption from solutions on solids and liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed mobile phases are formulated in terms of the bulk and surface activity coefficeints. Definition of the surface activity coefficients is extended; they describe nonideality of surface solution due to difference in molecular interactions of the components as well as nonideality of this solution generated by the adsorbent heterogeneity. It is shown that the above general equations predict simpler expressions known already in the literature.
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  • 273
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 515-517 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary column ; Electron impact mass spectrometry ; Linear retention indices ; Dinitrofluoranthenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports the retention indices of eighteen of the possible twenty-five dinitrofluoranthene isomers.
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  • 274
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 64-64 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 275
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Fast analysis ; Nonvolatile analytes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is proving to be a viable and useful separation method for thermally labile and nonvolatile materials. As with other capillary chromatographic techniques, very fast separations can be accomplished by sacrificing total efficiency and optimizing the conditions for rapid analysis. This is achieved using short, small-bore capillary columns, increased mobile phase linear velocities and very fast pressure programming rates. These principles are demonstrated for the rapid separation of selected component systems.
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  • 276
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 84-88 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; Micro-HPLC ; Gradient elution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused-silica microparticulate packed columns are demonstrated to have equal or better separation efficiency and resolving power than conventional 4.6 mm i.d. packed columns. While neither separation efficiency nor resolving power is an inherent consequence of capillary column use, there re potential advantages of using fused-silica capillary columns, particularly when microparticulate particles of 1 to 5 üm are used in the gradient elution mode. Gradient elution techniques compatible with flow rates below 30 μL/min are discussed. Spli-flow gradient elution of twenty PTH amino acids using 10 and 40 cm × 0.54 mm i.d. columns packed with 4 μm Micro-Pak PTH-AA particles is demonstrated. Detection limits of 0.1-0.3 picomoles are meaured for PTH amino acids and 0.01-0.02 picomoles for tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
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  • 277
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 434-434 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 278
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 446-451 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Retention index library ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During the development of a GC retention index library very rigorous standard parameters were used in the SADTLER laboratories. Because most chromatographers presumably have their “favourite” and well-proven columns a study has been carried out on how to make use of them for standard index generation. Variables such as column geometry, split ratio, and film thickness were examined and the calculated indices were compared to some “basic” values. Splitless and cool on-column injection techniques were also investigated and comparable temperature programming indices have been obtained. Finally, standard index values of 53 volatile halogenated hydrocarbons measured on very thick-film bonded fused silica capillary columns are tabulated.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 279
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 474-476 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Dead volume FPD ; Peak shape ; Sulfur gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 280
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 485-488 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 281
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 572-576 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Chromophore mobile phase ; Indirect UV detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An indirect UV photometric detection technique is described in which a low concentration of a UV-absorbing compound (UVAC) is added to the mobile phase in reversed phase liquid chromatography, thereby making it possible for non UV-absorbing compounds such as the lower alcohols to be detected by the UV detector. This happens because the injected analyte may extract a portion of the UV absorbing compound from the mobile and/or stationary phase and the complex is co-eluted as a positive peak at the retention time of the analyte. Alternatively, the injected analyte may appear as a negative peak if the UV-absorbing compound is transferred to the mobile and stationary phases. In any case, the injected compound appears either as a positive or negative peak depending on the relative polarities and concentrations of all the compounds in the system. In addition, the resulting excess or deficiency of detection agent in the stationary phase is eluted separately as a positive or negative peak, indicating that the system has returned to equilibrium. In the work described herein, the chromatographic conditions and variables of the indirect photometric technique were studied to develop a quantitative HPLC method for UV-transparent compounds. It was found that under optimal conditions it is possible to determine some analytes quantitatively at concentrations as low as 0.05%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 282
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 596-597 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GCMS ; Curie-point pyrolysis ; Biomaterials ; Biomass ; Foodstuffs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 283
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 602-604 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Amino acids ; Dansyl chloride derivatization ; Infusion solution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 284
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 285-288 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Continuous development ; ΔRf ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Equations for predicting analysis time in thin-layer chromatography as a function of spot separation, solvent velocity constant, ΔRf and Rf, are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 285
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 298-300 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas-liquid chromatography ; Stationary phase focusing ; Thermal focusing ; Joule-Thomson effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 286
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 679-682 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fused silica capillaries ; Deactivation ; Silylation ; Aerobic conditions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new, simple procedure to deactivate fused silica capillaries without hydrothermal treatment is proposed. Based on high temperature reactions of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in the presence of oxygen, this procedure results, upon coating with dimethylsilicone (SE-30), in columns which give almost symmetric peaks for as little as 150 pg of critical compounds, such as decylamine, thereby demonstrating very high inertness. A mechanism of the deactivation procedure, which, in contrast to previously developed procedures, is based on thermal reactions under aerobic conditions, is proposed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 287
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 698-702 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary column gas chromatography ; Microwave-induced plasma emission spectrophotometric detector ; Photodiode array spectrophotometer ; Element-specific detector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A microwave-induced plasma emission spectrophotometric detector (MIPD) was used as an element-specific detector for capillary column gas chromatography. The atmospheric pressure microwave helium plasma generated with an original device called a SURFATRON was used as an atomization and excitation source. Combining a photodiode array spectrophotometer with the above system made the emission spectrophotometric detector very powerful. A wide range of spectra could be instantly monitored without any mechanical device.However, the spectrum of atmospheric helium emission plasma was complicated by the presence of air around the plasma discharge. An on-line background correction scheme was developed to handle such complicated spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 288
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 59-60 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Discrimination ; Moving needle injector ; Splitless injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 289
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 290
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography Chemometrics ; Capillary columns ; Orange oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Orange essence oils of the Navel and Valencia variety were analyzed by GC and GC/MS using two parallel capillary columns of different selectivity. Data were normalized, converted into a computer compatible format, and transferred via an asynchronous communications interface to a mainframe computer for statistical treatment, using the chemometrics software package ARTHUR. After suitable preprocessing of the raw data, reliable classification was possible. It appears that four substances which are present in both varieties can be used for that purpose.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 291
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 292
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 18-29 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Purge and trap ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Cryotrapping of organic compounds ; Cryofocusing of organic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of trapping temperature and column film thickness were investigated with respect to their ability to promote effective cryofocusing on fused silica capillary columns. The study was a further development of the purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (P&T/WCC) method. The rates at which compounds could be thermally desorbed from a P&T unit and transferred to a column (with zero split) were first examined. A near quantitative transfer of the desorbable analytes was obtained with a 4 min, 180°C, 20 mL/min desorption. The compounds tested included naphthalene. Columns with film thicknesses from 0.12 to 3.0 μm were then investigated in P&T/WCC analyses with WCC temperatures ranging from -80 to 0°C. The trapping took place from a transfer line gas stream initially at 175°C. The volatilities of the compounds examined varied from that of 1,1-dichloroethene to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. A higher film thickness was found to ease the WCC temperature requirements. Within each column type, the warmest WCC temperatures which allowed good cryotrapping with no significant increases in peak width were: 0.25 μm, -70°C; 1.0 μm, -50°C; 3.0 μm, -20°C. In addition to being quantitative, the trapping provided good chromatography.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 293
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 44-48 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Fourier Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry ; Ion mobility detector ; Barbiturates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper demonstrates a novel operating mode of an ion mobility detector (IMD) for obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data after capillary gas chromatographic separation of 5,5′-disubstituted barbiturates. Using a recently developed time dispersive Fourier transform method for ion mobility spectrometry, complete ion mobility spectra could be obtained for each component in the chromatogram. This type of spectra can be used for providing qualitative information on unknown compounds or for selecting the proper detector conditions needed when operating in the continuous mobility monitoring mode.In this study each of the five barbiturates investigated produced a Fourier transformed ion mobility spectrum containing one major product ion. When drift times corresponding to those of the product ions measured in the FT mode were monitored continuously, selective chromatographic detection of the barbiturates was achieved. In one case even isomers could be differentiated based on mobility characteristics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 294
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 68-68 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 295
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Thermal energy analysis ; Nitrosamines in foods ; Steam distillation-extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 296
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 272-277 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Large diameter columns ; Megabore columns ; Packed column conversion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large diameter open tubular columns provide the packed column chromatographer with a simple route to higher resolution gas chromatography. They can be operated in a high-flow (lower resolution) mode that permits their direct substitution for a packed column, or they can be operated in a low-flow (higher resolution) mode that maximizes separation at the cost of longer analysis times. Inlet design and column installation can influence both the chromatographic results and quantiative reliability. Make-up gas is not required in the high-flow mode, and its benefits in the low-flow mode are restricted to enhanced detector sensitivity, provided the outlet end of the column resides in the detector jet (FID). The columns seem fully compatible with all common modes of detection.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 297
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 298
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC ; Transition metal ions ; EDTA as complexing agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 299
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse phase ; Internal standard ; Trimellitic anhydride ; Air sample ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 300
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fast high-performance liquid chromatography ; Plasma and urine analysis ; Solid-phase extraction ; β-Glucuronide conjugation ; Anti-brain-edema agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of R[(5,6-Dichloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1-H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid (I) in human plasma and urine is described. The method utilizes Bond-Elut® cartridge facilitate the drug extraction. Analysis is performed on a short reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer and quantification is carried out by ultraviolet detection with a wave-length set at 340 nm. The method is linear and reproducible for both plasma and urine analyses (0.25-50) μg/mL) with the detection limit of 125 ng/mL of plasma and urine. Plasma and urine concentrations of / at selected time intervals following I.V. administration of single rising doses are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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