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  • 2020-2024
  • 1990-1994  (212)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
  • 1991  (212)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (212)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 1990-1994  (212)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
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Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coke removal from a zeolite catalyst by supercritical fluidsDedicated to Professor Karl. H. Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the study of the possible coke removal from zeolite catalysts, the solubility of polyaromates in supercritical fluids (SCF) was determined, showing that it becomes drastically reduced with increasing molar mass. Experiments with supercritical ethyl benzene and benzene showed that only coke precursors can be dissolved and, therefore, complete coke removal by SCF is impossible but it has been confirmed that, under supercritical conditions, deactivation of the catalyst could be slowed down.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140111
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved method for flow network design (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved method is presented for the design of a complex flow network system. The method employs head loss and flow rate in the iteration process for the determination of flow rates and/or pressure drop. This represents a major departure from the conventional approach which uses only the flow rate. The two-step iteration method proposed here drastically improves both the convergence rate and iteration stability. Tests on different examples have shown that, for most design applications, three iterations are sufficient to yield an accurate final solution, regardless of the initial guess.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140205
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the rate of catalytic oxidation of methanol in a fixed bed reactor (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, using a mixture of ferric and molybdenum oxides as catalyst, has been studied in a fixed bed integral reactor, 150 mm long, 25 mm o.d. and 10 mm i.d. The catalyst was prepared by reaction between aqueous solutions of ammonium heptamolybdate and ferric chloride. It has been shown that, under experimental conditions similar to those employed in industry, neither external nor internal diffusion had been effective in the process and isothermal conditions prevailed in both gas and solid phases. A two-step mechanism has been put forward for the oxidation of methanol. According to such a mechanism, methanol is first oxidized to formaldehyde, accepting an oxygen molecule from the catalyst and changing the latter into a reduced form. In the second step, the reduced catalyst is transformed into the original form on obtaining an oxygen molecule from the gas phase. Based on this scheme, a rate model has been derived and verified by experimental results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140204
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some operating variables on the flotation of aluminium particles (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 118-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of impeller speed, air flow rate, cell concentration, agitator size and cell volume on the recovery of aluminium particles have been studied in a KHD Humboldt Wedge AG machine, using alkyl benzene sodium sulphonate paste as collector and pine oil as frother. The recovery yield increased with increasing impeller speed, air flow rate, cell concentration and cell volume, up to a certain range, whereafter it decreased. A decrease in the recovery yield was observed on increasing the agitator size. A mathematical model has been developed to correlate percentage recovery with the above variables.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140209
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocurrent vacuum de-aeration of water for injection into oil reservoirs (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conventional vacuum stripping to reduce the oxygen content of injection water for secondary recovery of oil is carried out in packed columns with the released gases and water flowing countercurrently; hence large column diameters (normal liquid load circa 100 m3/(m2h)) and foaming that requires the addition of defoaming agents. Measurements with cocurrent and countercurrent flow at the same flow rate produced practically identical mass transfer coefficients. With flooding excluded in cocurrent flow, columns can be operated with higher liquid loads than in countercurrent flow. In addition, nitrogen released in the top part of the packing is better utilized as stripping gas, and foam is withdrawn as soon as it increases the pressure drop.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140406
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of nitric oxide in dilute nitric acid (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 270-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents laboratory-scale measurements on the absorption of nitric oxide in dilute nitric acid. The NO concentration in the gas feed varied from 250 to 10 000 ppm. Nitrogen was used as carrier gas. The concentration of nitric acid was between 30 and 60 mass-%. Temperature during the measurements was set at 25 °C. In order to determine mass flow rates, experiments were performed in a double-stirred cell. This type of absorber has a defined gas/liquid interface as the mass transfer area. The liquid phase is introduced periodically and the gas phase continuously. A well-known model was used to describe the phenomenon of NO absorption. Several balance equations were established and solved. The calculated mass transfer rates were compared with those obtained experimentally. The empirical and theoretical data are in satisfactory agreement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140409
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer to regular packings in single phase (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study of mass transfer to regular packings by the electrochemical technique is presented in this paper. The excellent properties of radial mixing were verified and the correlation for mass transfer rate was also obtained. It was found that the energy efficiency, which is represented by the LeGoff number, is higher than that of other packings due to the low pressure drop shown by these arrangements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140411
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic behaviour and simulation of a liquid-liquid extraction columnPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahreence-Ingenieure”, Stuttgart, October 3 to 5, 1990.Dedicated to Professor Dr.h.c. Dieter Behrens on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dynamic behaviour of a stirred liquid-liquid extraction column was studied experimentally. Various input variables of the column were varied stepwise and the resulting variations in the system and output variables were measured. In addition to experimental work, a computer model was developed on the basis of the dispersion model to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the extractor. This model forms a component program of the dynamic process simulator DIVA, developed at the TU Stuttgart. The experiments showed that the hydrodynamic parameters exhibit no significant dynamic behaviour of their own. Therefore, changes occurring in these parameters closely follow variations in input and system variables. As a result, steady-state relationships for the calculation of flow parameters could be used in the simulation program. The simulator satisfactorily reproduced the experimental results for a number of disturbances. However, this was not always the case. As shown in the following, the model did not take into account the column level controller which, under certain conditions, exerts a very strong influence on the column's dynamic behaviour. As a result, larger differences occurred between experimental and simulated data. This influence on the extractor's dynamic behaviour can, however, be eliminated by a simple modification of the level controller arrangement.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140503
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of sparger design in mechanically agitated gas-liquid reactors. Part I: Power consumption (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 333-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Power consumption (Part I) and liquid phase mixing time (Part II) were measured in 0.57, 1.0 and 1.5 m i.d. vessels. A pitched blade downflow impeller (PTD) was used. Design details of the PTD impeller such as diameter (0.22T to 0.5T), blade width (0.25D to 0.4D) and blade thickness (2.8, 4.3 and 6.4 mm) were studied. The effect of sparger type and geometry on power consumption has been investigated. For this purpose, pipe, ring, conical and concentric ring sparger were employed. Design details of the ring sparger such as ring diameter, number of holes and hole size were also studied in depth. Sparger location with respect to the impeller was found to be the most important parameter and was therefore varied for nearly all the spargers studied. A correlation for the power consumption has been developed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140507
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic modelling of multitubular catalytic reactors (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 414-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a study on modelling and simulation of transient operational characteristics in multitubular fixed-bed reactors. The dynamic model of the reactor is based on a “porous body” approach which regards the intertubular space as a pseudo-homogeneous environment. Such an approach permits to take into account most factors in the geometrical design of the unit and thus to study the influence of various shell-side geometrical and operational parameters on the reactor behaviour. Based on the model, the dynamic responses of the two most common industrial reactor designs, i.e. the parallel flow unit with distributing plates and the crossflow reactor with disk-and-doughnut baffles have been investigated and compared. In addition, some problems of correct space discretization and use of time-dependent regridding procedures, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140609
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Developments in Aerosol Characterization from the Physical Point of ViewDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are a limited number of phenomena occuring with aerosol particles that depend only on physical quantities. Examples of new developments in aerosol particle characterization in situ that make use of such phenomena are briefly reviewed. They concern electrophoretic size classification, inertial size analysis and shape characterization of agglomerates. In addition to deriving basic descriptors, measurements of composite quantities can be performed and developed into sensors. Examples of sensors responding to relevant complex aerosol quantities are explained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080108
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical Prediction of Energy Consumption and Particle Size Distribution in grinding and drilling of brittle materialsDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthdayA shortened version of this paper was presented under the title “Fracture Physics in Comminution” at the 7th European Symposium COMMINUTION, June 12-14, 1990, in Ljubljana (Yugoslavia). (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on physical assumptions, simple equations have been derived for the probability of breakage of particles, for the dependence of fragmentation energy on particle size and for the fragment size distributions as a function of mass-specific energy. The particles were considered as spheres, and Hertz theory of the stress distribution at the contact between a sphere of brittle material and a flat surface was applied in combination with Weibull statistics of failure. The predicted dependence of the probability of breakage on particle size and mass-specific energy agrees well with experimentally obtained data for single-particle experiments, even if the particles were not spherical. The resulting fragment size distribution could be predicted by the application of fracture mechanics. The theory can also be applied to rock drilling, where the breaking material is considered as a flat surface and the drilling tool as being of spherical shape. In both comminution and drilling, the experimental results agree fairly well with the theory.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080111
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Temperature Evaporation Rates of Solid KBr and NH4Cl aerosol particlesDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evaporation rates of particles of solid KBr or NH4Cl suspended in argon were studied under high-temperature conditions behind incident shock waves. The mass-transfer process during particle evaporation was observed by two optical techniques allowing the measurement of scattered light from a particle ensemble and also from individual particles. The scattered light flux signals were interpreted on the basis of the Mie theory, resulting in values for the time-dependent particle size and for the refractive index of particle materials. The experiments were performed in the gas-phase temperature ranges TG = 1070-1300K (KBr) and 525-650K (NH4Cl). The initial size of the suspended particles ranged between 0.6 and 1.0 μm. From the measured decrease in the particle size during the mass-transfer process the evaporation coefficients of both materials were determined as a function of the gas-phase temperature. They depend on the vapour pressure and the diffusion coefficient for vapour into gas. Typical parameters (àKBr, m) describing the diffusion coefficient of KBr vapour in argon and the vapour pressure of NH4Cl could be determined.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080114
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Droplet Deposition and Mist Supercooling in a turbulent channel flowDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combined experimental and theoretical study of the droplet deposition and mist supercooling in a turbulent channel flow has been performed. The measurement of droplet deposition on the unheated and heated channel wall was carried out using a particle-sizing two-dimensional reference-mode laser-Doppler anemomentry technique in a 41 mm × 41 mm vertical square channel at Re = 1.0 × 104 - 6.05 × 104. The dimensionless deposition coefficient kd/uZ. H. Yang Prof. S. L. Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (USA) is analyzed theoretically based on a new unified theoretical approach for the entire transverse flow region from the turbulent core to the quasi-laminar region next to the boundary wall. The proposed analytical model shows satisfactory agreement with the results of present experimental measurement. In the mist supercooling, the heated surface is cooled by the evaporation on the outside surface of an extra thin continuous liquid film which is maintained by the continuous deposition of extremely small droplets of an optimal size determined by a selection process on the droplets transverse migration due to the dynamic interaction between the phases in a parallel turbulent mist flow. The heat transfer enhancement coefficient depends on droplet deposition rate, droplet size, concentration and the Reynolds number.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080113
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of Particle Factors Affecting Dust ExplosionsDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 90-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some parameters which affect the explosibility of dusts have been investigated. Important parameters are particle size, dust concentration, pore size and chemical composition. The dust explosion index measurements illustrate the importance of pore size and particle size. The reaction mechanism occurring is also important. Particles which burn at the solid surface and form gaseous products tend to react completely whereas other materials show a limited transport of the reactants.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080116
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous In Situ Measurements of Size and Velocity of burning droplets (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 136-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An optical instrument for simultaneous on-line measurements of the droplet size and droplet velocity of periodically generated droplets is described. This instrument is suitable for studying basic phenomena such as the evaporation or combustion of small droplets and the mutual interaction of neighbouring droplets. For the study of evaporation and combustion rates it is important to have precisely defined initial and boundary conditions. A vibrating-orifice generator is used to produce monodisperse droplet streams which are characterized by their highly coherent structure. The droplets all have the same size, the same spacing and the same initial velocity. These characteristic parameters of the droplet stream can be adjusted over a wide range as required for the specific experiment. The droplet size is measured with a sizing method of very high accuracy, which evaluates the intensity distribution of the light scattered by the droplets. The droplet diameter ranges from 10 to 150 μm. The droplet velocity is measured by a particle image displacement velocimeter and is compared with conventional LDV measurements. The results of the two methods agree very well. Typical droplet velocities lie in the range from 10 to 20 m/s. Some exemplary experimental results are presented for burning droplet streams, which show the influence of a finite spacing between the droplets on the burning rate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080125
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle Turbulent Dispersion in 3D Magnetic Fields by using a Lagrangian approach (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Lagrangian approach is presented for the prediction of 3D dispersion in turbulent flows. A brief description of the main characteristics of the code PALAS (Particle Lagrangian Simulation) is given and the different methods for the simulation of either a fluid particle trajectory or a discrete particle trajectory are outlined. Comparisons with experimental results for particle 3D dispersion in grid turbulence with a nonhomogeneous force field are presented and proved to be very satisfactory in most instances.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080127
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the Coating of Powder Particles by the measurement of the low frequency impedance of the powders (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments with a purpose built cylindrical capacitor are used to determine the sensitivity of low frequency impedance measurements to changes in the coatings of four different industrial powders. It is demonstrated that the technique should be suitable for off-line quality control.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080128
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle Sizing by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Part I: Monodisperse latices: Influence of scattering angle and concentration of dispersed material (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The possibilities and limitations of Photon Correlation Spectroscopy as a practical tool for particle sizing are revisited. In a first step, well characterized monodisperse polystyrene latices with particle sizes ranging from about 30 nm to about 2 μm were examined in five different industrial and academic laboratories. Particular attention was paid to the effect of particle concentration and scattering angle. It turned out that for a particle diameter less than 0.5 μm reliable particle sizes can be obtained. In the range of 0.5 to 1 μm this was only possible within a very narrow range of concentration of dispersed material. For the largest size investigated (about 2 μm) the PCS measurements were less reliable which was reflected in a considerable variation of the results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080134
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Top-Hat Beam Technique: Improvements and application to bubble measurements (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new-generation velocimeter/sizemeter is described. Size measurement is based on the top-hat beam technique. Velocity measurement is carried out by using laser Doppler velocimetry. Advantages and limitations of the top-hat beam technique are discussed and compared with other techniques (pedestal, visibility, phase Doppler). Bubble diagnosis in a turbulent pipe flow is reported.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080140
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asbestos Fiber Concentrations Resulting from the Installation, maintenance and removal of vinyl-asbestos floor tile (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the results of a systematic study to measure the exposure to asbestos fiber concentrations associated with occupational use of asbestos-containing floor tile. Specifically, air measurements were made during floor tile installation, maintenance and removal. The procedures for these tests are outlined and the results of the air sampling and analysis are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080142
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  • 122
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    Measurement of Asbestos Fiber Concentration above Floor Tile (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the results of experimental tests designed to determine the amount of airborne asbestos, if any, released from vinyl-asbestos floor tile due to pedestrian trafficking. These tests involved the use of several human subjects to continuously walk on vinyl-asbestos floor tile in a controlled environment for an extended period of time. Similar trafficking tests were conducted on a non-asbestos, all-vinyl floor covering for comparison purposes. During the trafficking tests, continuous air sampling was performed through high efficiency filters for later analysis. The collected samples were then subjected to extensive analysis to characterize the collected particulate matter. Use of the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed a detailed description of the collected material to be made.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080141
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    Sixth workshop on two-phase flow predictions. March 30-April 2, 1992, Erlangen (Federal Republic of Germany) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 242-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080144
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    Mean Particle Diameters. Part II: Standardization of nomenclature (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the science of particulate systems, existing nomenclature systems are not always consistent with each other. The same is true for their physical relevance. A coherent nomenclature system for denoting mean particle diameters is recommended and its physical relevance demonstrated. Comments have been made on a nomenclature for particle-size distributions to support the proposed nomenclature for mean particle diameters. This nomenclature system does not contain any ambiguities and clearly conveys the physical meanings of mean particle diameters.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080143
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    International symposium on instabilities in multiphase flows. May 11-14th, 1992, Rouen (France) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 243-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080145
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    Symposium attrition and wear in powder technology. 12-14 October 1992, Utrecht (The Netherlands) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 243-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19910080146
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  • 127
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    Formation of arynezirconocenes from substituted diaryl bis (t-butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium: application to the synthesis of new functionalized ortho-dichalcogenobenzene compounds (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Zirconocene ; benzyne ; chalcogen (S, Se) ; zirconacycle ; 1H NMR ; mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The para-substituted diphenylzirconocenes [(t-BuCp)2Zr(p-C6H4R)2; R = Br, NMe2] (A) were easily obtained from the reaction of the appropriate organolithium reagent with bis(t-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride. Elimination of bromobenzene or N,N-dimethylaminobenzene from A by slight heating led to arynezirconocenes into which were inserted two equivalents of elementary chalcogens. As a result dichalcogenated zirconacycles [(t-BuCp)2ZrY2C6H3R; Y = S, Se] (B) were obtained. Complexes B constitute useful potential synthons in organic synthesis and a large family of new functionalized dichalcogenated benzenic compounds was prepared by reacting electrophiles.The structure of complexes B as well as related benzenic derivatives has been confirmed by microanalysis, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050605
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    Sedimentary siloxanes: A depositional history (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Siloxanes (silicones) ; lead-210 ; inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer ; environment ; sediment deposition ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Puget Sound sediment core has been quantitatively analyzed for organic silicon content, as derived from post-1945 release of poly(organo)-siloxanes (silicones). The sedimentary silicone data record and preserve at depth, a smeared event horizon, or first appearance of silicone in the sediment column. Core samples older than 50 years showed no detectable silicone as measured by a new procedure utilizing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy after solvent extraction to collect the silicone from gram-sized sediment core samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050203
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  • 129
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    Antifungicidal, antibacterial and antifertility activities of biologically active heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones and their coordination complexes with the dimethylsilicon moiety (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones ; Dimethylsilicon complexes ; antifungicidal activity ; antibacterial activity ; antifertility activity ; 1H NMR spectra ; 13C NMR spectra ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthetic, structural and biological aspects of trigonal-bipyramidal, Me2Si(NS)Cl and octahedral, Me2Si(NS)2 types of organosilicon (IV) complexes of heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones (N—SH) have been described. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, conductance measurements and electronic, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectral studies. Some ligands and their corresponding dimethylsilicon (IV) complexes have been tested for their effects on several pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Two representative complexes have also been found to act as sterilizing agents by reducing the production of sperm in male mice.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050106
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    Catalytic ethylation of alkylbenzenes at high pressure (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Catalysis ; ethylation ; organosodium ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Study of the catalytic ethylation of p-t-butyltoluene in the presence of organosodium compounds, and of toluene in the presence of organopotassium compounds, was carried out at an ethylene pressure of 40 bar.Various yields of different products were obtained after 23 h of reaction in the presence of different tertiary polyamines used to complex and solubilize the organoalkali compounds.A higher initial ethylation rate was observed in the presence of organosodium than in the presence of organopotassium species. However, the thermal stability of organopotassium species being higher, much higher yields were observed in their presence in catalytic ethylation reactions than those observed previously.The results obtained concerning metallation or ethylation of hindered alkylaromatics may be interpreted by an anionic mechanism and the activation by a steric effect.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050305
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  • 131
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    Laser evaporation of some solid organosilicon polymers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Laser evaporation ; deposition ; polysilane ; poly(sila-alkene) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser irradiation of some organosilicon polymers composed of -Me2Si-, -Me2SiMe2SiCH2-, RMeSi- and RMeSiMe2SiCH2CH2- units (where R = methyl, adamantyl, phenyl and hydrogen) leads to the evaporation of the polymer and is dominated by the formation of a solid deposit that has a continuous structure. It is assumed that chemical changes occur prior to the transfer of ejected material to the gas phase and that these consist mainly of the formation of high molecular biradicals or 1,2-disilacyclobutane monomer that both re-polymerize spontaneously upon their deposition onto a nearby cold surface. The mechanism of these specific decompositions of the polymers is assessed on the basis of the IR spectra of the deposits and, for the minor gaseous products, identification by GC MS techniques.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050108
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    Errata (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050112
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  • 133
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    Active sites, nature and mechanism of carbon dioxide - propylene oxide copolymerization and cyclization reactions employing organozinc - oxygen catalysts (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; propylene oxide ; organozinc-oxygen compounds ; poly(;propylene carbonate) ; propylene carbonate ; copolymerization ; cyclization ; organozinc catalyst ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide in the presence of catalysts with condensed zinc species (;derived from diethylzinc and dihydric phenols, e.g. catechol o= C6H4(;OH)2 and saligenin 0= HOC6H4CH2OH) yields poly(;propylene carbonate) as well as propylene carbonate. The above reaction in the presence of catalysts with noncondensed zinc species (;derived from diethylzinc and phenol) yields propylene carbonate as the main product, but in relatively low yield. The mechanism of the linear and cyclic carbonate formation is discussed in terms of the nature of the catalyst's active sites for both types.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050308
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050401
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  • 135
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    X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical conductivity studies of metallophthalocyanine sheet polymers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; phthalocyanine sheet polymers ; metal-free ; nickel ; copper ; electrical conductivity ; pyrolysis ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique has been used to characterize metallophthalocyanine sheet polymers having peripheral carboxyl groups. A comparative analysis of the XPS and electrical conductivity data of metal-free, and nickel- and copper-containing, phthalocyanine sheet polymers has been described. Metallophthalocyanine sheet polymers exhibited a maximum conductivity of about 1 S cm-1 on pyrolysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050310
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  • 136
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    Syntheses and electrochemical behaviour of novel dmit or dmio (dithiolato) cobalt(iii) complexes with a η5-cyclopentadienyl or η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ring (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: dmit ; dmio ; metal complexes ; cyclopentadienyl ; cobalt(III) complex ; cyclic voltammetry ; controlled potential coulometry ; electron reservoir ; sulphur-rich organic electron donor ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four novel cobalt(III) complexes with a cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ring and dmit or dmio ligands were synthesized, and their electrochemical behaviour was investigated. All these complexes exhibited three one-electron transfer steps: one reduction and two oxidation steps. In addition, a novel organosulphur compound was afforded by electrochemical oxidation of dmit cobalt complex. Thus, these complexes may have considerable synthetic potential as precursors for electron reservoirs and organosulphur compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050404
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    Synchrotron radiation-stimulated photochemical reaction and its application to semiconductor processes (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 229-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Synchrotron radiation ; photochemical reaction ; semiconductor process ; etching ; chemical vapor deposition ; epitaxial growth ; atomic layer epitaxial growth ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent results are reviewed on synchrotron radiation (SR)-excited photochemical reaction studies aimed at applications to semiconductor processes. Valence or core electronic excitations induced by SR irradiation and ensuing chemical reactions are classified and characterized by rate equations. Unique material selectivity in etching has been found. SiO2 has been found to evaporate by SR irradiation and this phenomenon can be applied to the low-temperature surface cleaning of silicon. In the epitaxial growth of Silicon by ultrahighvacuum chemical vapor deposition using Si2H6, SR irradiation significantly lowers growth temperature beyond the low-temperature limit of thermal reaction. Lowering of the operating temperature by SR irradiation is especially effective in applications to the atomic layer epitaxial growth of silicon. The layer-by-layer process has been successfully demonstrated, confirming self-limiting adsorption of SiH2Cl2 and ensuring surface reactivation by SR irradiation.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050405
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    Photochemistry of iron pentacarbonyl adsorbed on titanium dioxide (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Photochemistry ; iron pentacarbonyl ; titanium dioxide ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photolysis of iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5) adsorbed on titanium dioxide (TiO2, anatase) was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. When adsorbed Fe(CO)5 is illuminated by visible and near-UV light, the IR spectrum of its photolysis products is hardly observed, indicating that most of the Fe(CO)5 is photodecomposed to iron(0) or iron oxides on TiO2. The carbon monoxide (CO) evolution rate upon illumination depends on the wavelength of light; 433 nm light is more effective for CO evolution than 366 nm light. This result implies that the band-gap excitation of TiO2 has little effect on the photolysis of adsorbed Fe(CO)5, since the absorption edge of TiO2 (anatase) lies at around 400 nm. The effects of substrates on the photolysis of adsorbed Fe(CO)5 are discussed with reference to previous results obtained for aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), on which the photolysis leads to the formation of Fe2(CO)9 or Fe3(CO)12.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050406
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  • 139
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    Laser photodissociation of organometallic compounds on a cryosubstrate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Photodissociation ; organometallic ; time-of-flight ; translational energy ; dynamics ; photoejection ; excimer laser ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation dynamics of organometallic compounds (tetramethyltin, trimethylgallium, trimethylindium and dimethylzinc) adsorbed on a quartz substrate at 100 K have been studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, detecting mainly CH3 photofragments. Shapes of the time-of-flight spectra depend on the flux of the dissociation laser at 193 nm and the thickness of multilayers of organometallic compounds. In thick layers, not only a low energy component but also a high energy component are observed in the time-of-flight spectrum of the CH3 photofragments. In thin layers, relaxation processes take place so quickly that the product time-of-flight profiles are characterized by a Maxwell-Boltzmann temperature profile.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050407
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  • 140
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    Photochemical formation of silver-gold (Ag—Au) composite colloids in solutions containing sodium alginate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Photochemistry ; silver alginate ; Ag-Au composite colloids ; metal particles ; extinction spectrum ; Mie scattering ; surface plasmon ; polyelectrolyte ; protective agent ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical formation of colloidal silver, colloidal gold and silver-gold (Ag-Au) composite colloids under mild conditions has been studied. Irradiation of either aqueous AgCIO4 or HAuCI4 solution in the presence of sodium alginate (SA) with 253.7 nm light yielded colloidal silver or gold, whose particle diamter was 10-30 nm or 40-60 nm, respectively. The Ag-Au composite colloids consisting of mixtures of silver and gold domains (particle diameter 30-150 nm) have been prepared and their extinction spectra have been examined on the basis of a conventional Mie theory in combination with an effective medium theory to estimate the optical constants of these colloids. It has been shown that the extinction spectra of the Ag-Au composite colloids are completely different from those of Ag-Au alloy colloids, in that the former have two extinction maxima close to the colloidal extinction bands of pure silver and gold, in contrast to a single extinction maximum of the latter. The importance of natural, high-molecular carboxylic acids such as alginic acid in the photochemical formation of metal colloids and thin films has been stressed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050409
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  • 141
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    Wavelength dependence in photochemical vapor deposition of aluminum film using dimethylaluminum hydride (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 289-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Photochemical vapor deposition (CVD) ; aluminum film ; deuterium lamp ; dimethylaluminum hydride ; wavelength dependence ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In photochemical vapor deposition of aluminum film on silicon using dimethylaluminum hydride, (CH3)2AlH, a surface reaction dominated below a (CH3)2AlH pressure of 0.3 m Torr at 200°C, which was induced only with the 160 nm band emitted from a deuterium lamp. A gas-phase reaction occurred above 0.3 mTorr at 200°C, which could be induced by both 160 nm and 240 nm emission bands from the lamp. To distinguish between surface ad gas-phase reactions, a thickness profile was used. At 240°C the surface reaction could be induced even by the 240 nm band, while the deposits formed under illumination of the two bands were thinner than those obtained with only the 240 nm band, indicating occurrence of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-enhanced desorption. The mechanism responsible for the observed wavelength dependence in unclear. The electrical resistivity of the films deposited at 200°C was 4.5 μΩ cm, which did not change with wavelength.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050412
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  • 142
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    Highly efficient formation of metal and metal alloy particles from methyl metal compounds by a single pulse laser irradiation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Excimer laser ; organometallic compounds ; fine particles ; metal particles ; metal alloy particles ; metal oxide particles ; ignition ; explosive reaction ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly efficient processes for fine particle formation of metal alloys and metal oxides were developed using a high-power laser. In these processes, laser light was used only for the ignition of a thermal chain reaction. This reaction was suppressed by adding inert gases, and the suppression effect was in the order C3H8 〉 C2H6 〉 CH4 〉 He 〉 Ar 〉 Xe. Oxygen accelerated the reaction because of the large exothermicity of the reaction of oxygen with methyl metal compounds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050414
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    Tributyltin analysis in seawater by GC FPD after direct aqueous-phase ethylation using sodium tetrathylborate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Tributyltin ; ethylation ; seawater analysis ; gas chromatography ; flame photometric detection ; organotin speciation ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using sodium tetraethylborate as an alkylation reagent, one-step ethylation and extraction of organotin compounds in seawater was performed directly in the aqueous phase to obtain optimal rection conditions. No further purification or concentration of the extract was required before GC FPD analysis. The detection limit for monobutyl-dibutyl-and tributyl-tin was approximately 0.4 ng dm-3, which is adequate for any currently know toxicity effect. The linearity range (0-200 ng dm-3) was solely dependent on the detector response curve. Compared with the Grignard reaction after extraction in an organic solvent, this new ethylation procedure reduces the number of analytical steps, thus saving time and improving reliability.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050505
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    Speciation of butyltins in fish and sediment by means of gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin determination ; gas chromatography ; fish samples ; sediment samples ; speciation ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified method for the determination of tributyl-, dibutyl-, and monobutyl-tin in fish and sediment samples is proposed. The samples are digested with hydrochloric acid and the butyltin compounds are extracted into a tropolone solution in pentane and pentylated by a Grignard reaction. The products are cleaned up by washing with a sodium hyrdoxide solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated by evaporation and analysed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection, using an interence filter at 610 nm. Problems peculiar to the fish and sediment samples are overcome by this improved clean-up procedure. The limit of detection for tributyltin in fish is 0.04 m̈g g-1 and the reproducibility at 0.06 μg g-1, expressed as the relative standard deviation, is 6.8%. Contaminated sediment samples were found to contain the mixed methylbutyl-tin compounds Me2BuSn+ and MeBu2Sn+.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050506
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  • 145
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    Conversion of arsenobetaine by intestinal bacteria of a mollusc Liolophura japonica chitons (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Arsenobetaine ; trimethylarsine oxide ; dimethylarsinic acid ; degradation ; bacteria ; micro-organisms ; chitons ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intestinal micro-organisms of Liolophura japonica chitons converted arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+CH2COO-] to trimethylarsine oxide [(CH3)3AsO] and dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsOOH] in the arsenobetaine-containing 1/5 ZoBell 2216E medium under aerobic conditions, no conversion being observed in an inorganic salt medium. This conversion pattern of arsenobetaine → trimethylarsine oxide ← dimethylarsinic acid was comparable with that shown by the microorganisms associated with marine macroalgae. On the other hand, no conversion was observed in either medium under anaerobic conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050509
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  • 146
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    Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of six triorganotin compounds by the mouse micronucleus and spermhead abnormality tests (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triorganotin ; mutagenicity ; micronucleus ; spermhead ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six triorganotin compounds - Ph3SnOH, BuPh2SnOH, (p-CIC6H4)Ph2SnOH, (cyclo-C5H9)Ph2SnOH, Ph3SnO2CCH2CS2NMe2 and Bu3SnOSO2Et - were tested for their mutagenic potential in somatic and germinal cells in ICR mice by using the micronucleus and spermhead abnormality assays, respectively. In somatic cells, the compunds significantly induced chromosomal disorders at half their respective estimated LD50 (i.p.) values (5.00-6.25 mg kg-1 body wt), and one compound, Ph3SnOH, even at 1/20 of its estimated LD50 value. In germinal cells, five compounds significantly induced chromosomal disorders at 1/64 of their respective estimated LD50 (i.p.) values, whereas one, (p-CIC6H4)Ph2SnOH, caused such disorders only at 1/8 of its estimated LD50 value.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050507
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  • 147
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    Biomonitoring in the mercury-contaminated Wabigoon-English-Winnipeg river (Canada) system: selecting the best available bioindicator (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 487-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Bioindicator ; sport fish ; forage fish ; mercury ; biomonitoring ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several organisms used for biomonitoring in the mercury-contaminated Wabigoon-English River System, Ontario, Canada (sport fish, forage fish, crayfish and others) were examined for their utility as bioindicators. Causes for spatial and temporal variability in mercury concentrations in biota are reviewed. The significance of intertrophic and intratrophic biotic relationships is evaluated on both a site-specific and intersite basis. Larger mature fish are the most effective integrators as these organisms are the most buffered from site-specific and seasonal variations in mercury concentrations and bioavailability. Where there are no physical barriers preventing movement of biota between contaminated and uncontaminated parts of the watercourse, younger, smaller organisms can better - ical zones of contamination because of their restricted range. Because many organisms can provide information on mercury contamination, the choice of the most suitable indicator depends upon the purpose of the study, the pharmacokinetics of mercury uptake by the organisms in question, and the chemodynamics of methyl and inorganic mercury species in the field.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050606
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  • 148
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    Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of dimethyl-, diethyl, and di-t-butyl-tin(IV) derivatives of substituted salicylic acids (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Diorganotin ; salicylic acid ; NMR ; Mössbauer ; antitumor ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of dimethyl-, diethyl- and/or di-t-butyl-tin(IV) derivatives of substituted salicylic acids of the type a, (X-Y-2-OH-C6H2COO)2SnR2 (X, Y = H, H; H, 5-CH3; H, 5-Cl; H, 5-F; H, 3-CH3O; H, 5-CH3O; 3-CH3, 6-(CH3)2CH; 3,5-[(CH3)2CH]2 and 4,5-benzo) and b {[R2(X-Y-2-OH-C6H2COO)Sn]2O}2 (X, Y = H, 3-CH3O; H, 5-CH3O: 3-CH3, 6-(CH3)2CH; 3,5-[(CH3)2CH]2 and 4,5-benzo) is reported. Their characterization by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, Mössbauer and mass spectrometry is described. The in vitro antitumor activity of selected derivatives against two human tumoral cell lines, MCF-7 and WiDr, is presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050607
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  • 149
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    Facile esterification promoted by the triphenylstibine oxide-phosphorus sulfide (Ph3SbO/P4S10) system (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triphenylstibine oxide ; organoantimony ; phosphorus(V) sulfide ; carboxylic acids ; esterification of carboxylic acids ; catalyst for esterification ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various esters are conveniently prepared by direct esterification of the corresponding carboxylic acids with alcohols catalyzed by a triphenylstibine oxide-phosphorus(V) sulfide combined system (Ph3SbO/P4S10) under mild conditions (25-80 °C).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050609
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  • 150
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    Synthesis of triphenyl-phosphine, -arsine and -stibine derivatives of phenylmethinyltricobalt enneacarbonyls and their catalytic properties (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 517-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Arsine- and stibine-substituted metal clusters ; cobalt complex ; hydroformylation ; binding energy ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mono-substituted triphenyl-phosphine, -arsine and -stibine derivatives of phenylmethinyltricobalt enneacarbonyls PhCCo3(CO)8L (where L = PPh3, AsPh3 and SbPh3) were synthesized. The Co(2p3/2) binding energy (Eb) was lowered from 781.3 eV in PhCCo3(CO)9, to 780.0 eV in PhCCo3(CO)8PPh3, to 780.3 eV in PhCCo3(CO)8AsPh3 and to 780.5 eV in PhCCO3(CO)8SbPh3. Hydroformylation selectivity to total aldehyde and alcohol of the substituted clusters PhCCo3(CO)8L was about 100%, but that of the parent cluster PhCCo3(CO)9 was 93.8%. Hydroformylation products of styrene and di-isobutene were the completely normal aldehyde when using PhCCo3(CO)8AsPh3 as catalyst.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050610
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  • 151
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    Fluorescent humic substances-arsenic complex in well water in areas where blackfoot disease is endemic in Taiwan (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 507-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Blackfoot disease ; fluorescence intensity ; arsenic ; pH ; TDS ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relationship between the four components, (1) fluorescence intensity, (2) arsenic concentration, (3) pH and (4) total dissolved solids, (TDS) measured in well waters from areas in Taiwan where blackfoot disease (BFD) is endemic was studied, as well as the relationships between the four degrees of BFD and each of the above four symptomatic components, in order to evaluate the etiological factors of BFD more progressively. The following 95% confidence intervals were obtained in well water samples (n = 1189): fluorescence intensity, 26.837-32.570; arsenic concentration, 0.103-0.127 mg dm-3; pH, 7.466-7.519; and TDS 733.063-801.647 mg dm-3. Fluorescence intensities of the four degrees of BFD were not all the same (F = 64.54, P 〈 0.001), and nor were arsenic concentrations (F = 72.03, P 〈 0.001), pH values (F = 7.30, P 〈 0.001), nor TDS values (F = 10.76, P 〈 0.001). In addition, multiple comparisons indicate that the higher the epidemical degree, the higher the fluorescence intensities, arsenic concentrations and pH values become; however, such a relationship is not found for TDS values. Moreover, the fluorescence intensities have positive linear correlations with arsenic concentrations (r = 0.49, P 〈 0.001), pH (r = 0.25, P 〈 0.001), and TDS (r = 0.18, P 〈 0.001), as do the arsenic concentrations with pH (r = 0.22, P 〈 0.001). Of the four epidemical degree groups, pairs are not significantly different from one another in correlation coefficients between fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration, which implies a steady relationship between fluorescent compounds and arsenic. We conclude that fluorescent compounds in well water, as possible etiological factors of BFD, are closely related to arsenic along with pH and TDS values in the areas where BFD is endemic. In addition, we infer that a complex is formed by fluorescent compounds, arsenic and other metals.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050608
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  • 152
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    Boranes and metalloboranes: Structure, bonding and reactivity C E Housecroft 158 pages. £29.95. ISBN 0-7458-0459-4 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 525-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050612
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  • 153
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    Alkane activation by homogeneous palladium complexes (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Alkane ; activation ; catalysis ; adamantane ; adamantanol ; palladium acetate ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of adamantane exclusively to 1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate in a refluxing trifluoroacetic acid solution of palladium acetate at 1 atm of air or nitrogen was confirmed. The conversion can be made quantitative. The 1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate was hydrolysed to yield 1-adamantanol in 90% isolated yield. The adamantane functionalization is accompanied by concomitant formation of a palladium mirror.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050611
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    Progress in clinical biochemistry and medicine volume 10: Ruthenium and other non-platinum metal complexes in cancer chemotherapy E Beuliu et al (eds) Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1989 226 pages. DM 138 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 525-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050613
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  • 155
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    Inorganic syntheses, Volume 28 Robert J Angelici (ed) Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991 Pp xiii + 463. £46.65. ISBN 0 471 52619 3 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050614
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  • 156
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    Total surface areas of Group IVA organometallic compounds: Predictors of toxicity to algae and bacteria (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; organolead ; organosilicon ; organogermanium ; toxicity ; total surface area (TSA) ; quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) ; molecular topology ; Group IVA organometals ; Escherichia coli ; Selenastrum capricornutum ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There is a high correlation between molecular surface area (TSA) of triorganotin and triorganolead compounds and their toxicity towards a bacterium (Escherichia coli) and an alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). Parallel attempts to correlate other Group IVA organometals incorporating silicon or germanium were unsuccessful. It was further demonstrated, however, that a high correlation was obtainable between certain series of compounds with the same organic substituent but different metal centers involving all Group IVA elements. In both instances, the inability to obtain a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for all systems studied appears to be a function of the solubility of the compounds. While organotin TSA values have been found to correlate well with their toxicities toward various organisms, this study clearly suggests that this type of QSAR can be readily extended to include other organometal systems, provided that there is no solubility problem and the toxicity is a function of the hydrophobicity of the organometal compounds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050104
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    Organometallics in Organic Synthesis 2. Helmut Werner and Gerhard Erker (eds) Springer, Heidelberg 1989 322 pages, 223 Figures. DM 94.00. ISBN ?? (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 69-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050110
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  • 158
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    The structure-activity relationships of some cyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) complexes of 1, 3-dihydro-1, 3-dioxo-α-(substituted)-2H-isoindole-2-acetates (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 65-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Columba livia ; cyclopentadienyltitanium complexes ; avian toxicity ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The newly synthesized η-cyclopentadienyltitanium complexes of 1,3-dihydro-1, 3-dioxo-α-(substituted)-2H-isoindole-2-acetates have been screened for their toxicity against Columba livia (Gmelin) (the blue rock pigeon) and exhibit moderate toxicity towards this non-target bird. The bis- derivatives have been observed to be generally more active than the mono- ones, indicating the dominant contribution of ligands towards toxicity compared with cyclopentadienyl rings and chlorine atoms.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050109
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  • 159
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    Analytical methods for airborne arsine, silane and dichlorosilane by adsorption sampling and AA spectrophotometry (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Analysis ; arsine ; silane ; dichlorosilane ; adsorption ; sampling ; environment ; monitoring ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical methods for arsine, silane and dichlorosilane by adsorption sampling and elemental analysis with graphite furnace AA were studied to establish convenient methods for atmospheric contamination surveys. This study included the following five items: (1) primary selection of adsorbents applicable to adsorption sampling; (2) examination of the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents for the gases; (3) improvement of the adsorbents by chemical modification; (4) desorption of the gases adsorbed on the adsorbents with solvents; and (5) quantitative analysis of arsenic and silicon in the solutions.Experimental results showed that active carbon made from synthetic thermosetting resin beads contained no aresenic and little silicon as impurities. This active carbon by itself was proved to adsorb arsine and dichlorosilane, but not silane. Impregnation with sodium hydroxide of the active carbon improved the adsorption capacity for all three gases. Refined silica gel, free from arsenic contamination, did not adsorb arsine by itself but potassium permanganate impregnation produced an adsorption capacity for arsine.The adsorbed arsine on the active carbon was desorbed into a hot dilute nitric acid solution with high efficiency (over 90%), but arsine adsorbed on sodium hydroxide impregnated active carbon or on potassium permanganate impregnated silica gel was dissolved into various solutions only at lower efficiencies. Silane adsorbed on sodium hydroxide-impregnated active carbon was desorbed with hot water with an efficiency higher than 90%. Dichlorosilane adsorbed on the active carbon with or without sodium hydroxide impregnation was desorbed with a nitric acid solution with efficiency of 85%. The lower determination limit for arsine able to discriminate from background interference of arsenie was 0.005 ppm, and those for silane and dichlorosilane were each 0.05 ppm for 3-dm3 air samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050202
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  • 160
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    Research on tributyltin in Australian estuaries (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Tributyltin ; estuaries ; Australia ; hydride generation ; atomic absorption ; gas chromatography ; copper ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tributyltin (TBT) from marine antifouling paints has been shown to have a major impact on the oyster industry in eastern Australia. Current research projects are examining the impact of TBT on Australian estuaries, assessing the response of sensitive biota to recently imposed bans and determining whether a continuing use of TBT on large vessels is an environmental concern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050206
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  • 161
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    Refractory arsenic species in estuarine waters (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: organoarsenic ; hydride generation ; digestion ; transmethylation ; refractory ; biogeochemical cycling ; arsenobetaine ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Total digestion of estuarine water samples by dry ashing shows that a significant fraction of dissolved arsenic does not form hydrides with sodium tetrahydroborane (NaBH4) and is therefore not detected by the normal hydride generation-atomic absorption analytical technique. It is also refractory to alkaline digestion with sodium hydroxide. Sequential ultrafiltration suggests a molecular weight below 210 for this new arsenic fraction. The magnitude and molecular weight of this fraction may open new perspectives on the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic. Ecological reasons can explain the discrepancy between these findings and previous research.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050208
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  • 162
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    Determination of arsenic and arsenic compounds in natural gas samples (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Natural gas ; arsenic ; trimethylarsine ; dimethyethylarsine ; methyldiethylarsine ; triethylarsine ; extraction ; nitric acid ; analysis ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic arsenic compounds (trialkylarsines) present in natural gas were extracted by 10 cm3 of concentrated nitric acid from 1 dm3 of gas kept at ambient pressure and temperature. The flask containing the gas and the acid was shaken for 1 h on a platform shaker set at the highest speed. The resulting solution was mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and heated to convert all arsenic compounds to arsenate. Total arsenic was determined in the mineralized solutions by hydride generation. The arsenic concentrations in natural gas samples from a number of wells in several gas fields were in the range 0.01-63 μ As dm-3. Replicate determinations of arsenic in a gas sample with an arsenic concentration of 5.9 μ dm-3 had a relative standard deviation of 1.7%. Because of the high blank values, the lowest arsenic concentration that could be reliably determined was 5 ng As dm-3 gas. Analysis of nonmineralized extracts by hydride generation identified trimethylarsine as the major arsenic compound in natural gas. Low-temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed more directly than the hydride generation technique, that trimethylarsine accounts for 55-80% of the total arsenic in several gas samples. Dimethylethylarsine, methyldiethylarsine, and triethylarsine were also identified, in concentrations decreasing with increasing molecular mass of the arsines.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050209
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    Organic Chemistry (4th edition). R J Fessenden and J S Fessenden, Brooks/Cole, California, 1990. Pp 1137. £19.95. ISBN 0 534 98175 5 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050213
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  • 164
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    Synthesis of poly-yne polymers containing transition metals, disilane, disiloxane and phosphine groups in the main chain (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Metal poly-yne polymer ; disilane ; disiloxane ; ligand exchange reaction ; cuprous iodide catalyst ; lyotropic liquid crystal ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of metal poly-yne polymers containing disilane, disiloxane and phosphine groups in the main chain are described. The platinum and palladium poly-yne polymers were synthesized by polycondensation reactions between a metal chloride and an α, ω-bisethynyl complex in amines in the presence of cuprous iodide as a catalyst. The nickel poly-yne polymers were synthesized by an alkynyl ligand exchange reaction between a nickel acetylide and an α, ω-bisethynyl complex in diethylamine in the presence of cuprous iodide as a catalyst. The reaction of the platinum poly-yne polymer, containing disiloxane groups in the main chain, with copper (I) salts afforded adducts of η-2-bonded σ-acetylide polymer complexes. The reactions of the palladium poly-yne polymer, containing phosphine groups in the main chain, with transition-metal carbonyl complexes afforded polymer complexes which have phosphorus in the main chain-transition-metal bonds. A concentrated solution of the platinum poly-yne polymer containing disiloxane groups in the main chain forms a lyotropic liquid crystal in dichloromethane or 1, 2-dichloroethane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050508
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  • 165
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    International conferences (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 439-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050513
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  • 166
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    Evaluation of extraction techniques for butyltin compounds in sediment (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Butyltin ; analysis ; sediment ; extraction ; ethylation ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There have been many methods available for the determination of butyltin compounds in sediment. The variations of these methods are not in the methods of determination but rather in the extraction of these compounds from the complex matrices. All of these methods have not been critically compared or evaluated, mainly because of the lack of a suitable reference sediment for butyltin compounds.Recently, the National Research Council of Canada has introduced a reference sediment (PACS-1) which contains certified values of butyltin compounds. The present study compares the recoveries of ten extraction techniques for butyltin species using ethylation derivatization and GC AA as the method of determination. Of these ten methods, only four were found satisfactory for extraction of the dibutyltin and tributyltin species. None of the methods evaluated, however, could quantitatively extract monobutyltin from sediment.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050510
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  • 167
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    Structural effects on the antitumour activity of organotin compounds 2. Further diaryltin dichloride complexes with nitrogen-donor ligands (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin complexes ; antitumour agents ; aryltin chlorides ; murine P388 leukaemia ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and investigation of the anti-tumour activity of a further series of six new diorganotin dichloride complexes Ar2SnCl2.L2, where Ar = 2-thienyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methyoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl or 4-trifluoromethylphenyl and L2 = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PBI) or 2-amino-methylpyridine (AMP), is reported. One of these complexes was found to be active against P388 lymphocytic leukaemia in mice. The results obtained are in general agreement with previously published work. The activity of the diaryltin dichloride complexes is shown to be dependent on the electronic effect of the aromatic group. The use of PBI as a ligand, however, shows no advantage over other ligands used in the series investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050512
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  • 168
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    Conversion of arsenobetaine to dimethylarsinic acid by arsenobetaine-decomposing bacteria isolated from coastal sediment (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 435-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Arsonobetaine ; dimethylarsinic acid ; degradation ; bacteria ; micro-organisms ; sediment ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arsenobetain [(CH3)3As+CH2COO-]-containing growth media (1/5 ZoBell 2216E and solution of inorganic salts) were inoculated with two bacterial strains, which were isolated from a coastal sediment and identified as members of the Vibro-Aeromonas group, and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Arsenobetaine was converted to a metabolite only under aerobic conditions. This arsenic metabolite was identified as dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsOOH] by hydride generation/cold trap/GC MS/SIM analysis and high-performance liquid-chromatographic behaviour. The conversion pattern shown by these arsenobetaine-decomposing bacteria (that is, arsenobetaine → dimethylarsinic acid) was fairly different from that shown by the addition of sediment itself as the source of arsenobetaine-decomposing micro-organisms (that is, arsenobetaine → trimethylarsine oxide → inorganic arsenic). This result suggests to us that various micro-organisms, including the arsenobetaine-decomposing bacteria isolated in this study, participate in the degradation of arsenobetaine in marine environments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050511
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  • 169
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050601
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  • 170
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    Structural chemistry of organotin carboxylates: a review of the crystallographic literature (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; carboxylate ; structure ; X-ray ; review ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This review describes the structural chemistry of organotin carboxylates, covering data acquired for mono-, di- and tri-organotin compounds and complexes. A brief discussion is given for organotin amino-acid derivatives.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050102
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  • 171
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    Structure-activity relationships for organotin compounds on the red killifish Oryzias latipes (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Toxicity ; organotin ; quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) ; Index Value (IV) ; Information Index (IWD) ; Mean Information Index (IDw) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The LC50 values of a series of 29 organotin compounds were determined for the red killifish (Oryzias latipes) according to an OECD test guideline. Their toxicities varied from 10-1 to 10-5 mmol dm-3 in five orders of magnitude. In this paper a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of these organotin compounds was carried out using physicochemical and topological parameters as independent variables. These parameters were found not to be good descriptors for estimating the LC50 values. However, when the term index Value (IV), which is created as a new parameter and is defined by the number of phenyl or alkyl groups attached to the tin atom, was used, excellent regression equations to predict the toxicities of organotin compounds were obtained and a multiparametric relationship including IV, Information Index (IWD and Mean Information Index (IWD)) showed the best correlation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050205
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  • 172
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    Detection of environmental polyorganosiloxanes (silicones) by silicon-29 NMR spectroscopy (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: polyorganosiloxanes ; 29Si NMR ; polydimethylsiloxanes ; sediments ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of 29Si NMR spectroscopy has been demonstrated on sediment-like materials in the quantitative and qualitative determination of polyorganosiloxanes (silicones) in selected environmental samples. This technique is highly selective for polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and is non-destructive to the sample. Also, specific identification of polyorganosiloxanes in sediment is possible, in contrast to previous methods which provided only quantitative information while consuming the sample. The detection limit for a 9 h experiment is approximately 45 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050207
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  • 173
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    Leaching of organotin compounds from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) material (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Inorganic tin ; monobutyltin ; dibutyltin ; PVC material ; leaching ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The release of mono-and di-butyltin species (MBT and DBT) in water after leaching of five different poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials was investigated under mild conditions over a period of one month in batch reactor systems. Results showed that inorganic tin, MBT and DBT compound were released from the material tested under experimental static leaching conditions. The total amount of inorganic tin and organotin compounds observed upon leaching varied considerably from one PVC material to another.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050210
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  • 174
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    Silicone curing and polyurethane preparation promoted by latent organotin catalysts (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Silicone ; polyurethane ; curing ; tetraorganotin ; latent ; organotin ; catalyst ; decomposition ; diorganotin dicarboxylates ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of new latent organotin cataylsts has been investigated for silicone curing and polyurethane preparation. These functional tetraorganotins are inactive at room temperature and liberate in situ the active species, diorganotin dicarboxylates, when heated. They confer long pot-lives to the mixtures in which they are incorporated. Upon heating, these mixtures are rapidly cured or polymerized after a short activation period.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050212
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  • 175
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    Tolerance of aggressive and non-aggressive isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi to organotin fungicides (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Ceratocystis ulmi ; fungi ; aggressive and non-aggressive strains ; wild strains ; Dutch elm disease ; organotins ; triphenyltins ; tricyclohexyltin ; fungicide ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of triorganotin compounds, R3SnX, on the growth of three wild strains of Ceratocystis ulmi (C. ulmi) fungus, two aggressive and one non-aggressive strains, was evaluated in shake culture. In all cases, the triphenyltins were the more effective organotins for the inhibition of C. ulmi in vitro. The anionic group, X, did not have a significant role in the inhibition, suggesting that the species involved in the inhibition is the triphenyltin moiety (Ph3Sn+) or the hydrated triphenyltin moiety (Ph3Sn(H2O)+2). It is further suggested that the triphenyltin species Ph3SnOH and Ph3SnOAc are the preferred compounds for the control of Dutch elm disease. The tolerance of aggressive isolates to fungitoxins appears to depend more on the nature of the fungicide than on the type of fungus.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050211
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  • 176
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    Inclusion Phenomena inorganic, organic and organometallic hoste. December 1987. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 422 pp. DFI 195, £ 59.50. ISBN 90 277 2601 9 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050214
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  • 177
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    Quadratic nonlinear optical properties of ruthenium (II)-bipyridine complexes in crystalline powders (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Second harmonic generation (SHG) ; two-photon emission ; ruthenium-bipyridine complexes ; nonlinear optical properties ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quadratic nonlinear optical properties for the crystalline powders of two types of ruthenium-bipyridine [Ru(bipy)3] complexes were investigated. The nonlinear optical processes markedly depended on the molecular structures of the ruthenium complexes. Second harmonic generation (SHG) and very weak two-photon emission were observed for the alkylated ruthenium-bipyridine compexes with two long alkyl chains attached via amide bonds (RuCnB), whereas only two-photon emission was observed for Ru(bipy)3. The existence of two amide bonds in one bipyridine ligand for RuCnB complexes most probably enhanced the molecular hyperpolarizability as compared with Ru(bipy)3. The SHG intensity from RuCnB complexes increased in the order RuC18B 〈 RuC12B 〈 RuC16B. The order of SHG intensity from RuCnB was ascribed to the difference in size of each crystalline powder estimated by X-ray diffraction methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050408
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  • 178
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    Dissociative photoionization of Al2(Ch3)6 and Al2(Ch3)3Cl3 in the range 40-100 eV (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organoaluminum ; photoionization ; synchrotron radiation ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dissociation processes of the organoaluminum compounds Al2(CH3)6 and Al2(CH3)3Cl3 have been studied in the range of valence and Al:2p core-level ionization by means of photoelectron-photoion and photoion-photoion coincidence techniques. The double-ionization threshold and the Al:2p core-ionization threshold of Al2(CH3)6 are estimated to be about 30 and 80 eV1 eV = 96.4853 kJ mol-1. respectively. The relative yields of the H+=Al+ and H+=CHm,+ (m′ = 0-3) ion pairs are enhanced around the Al:2p core-ionization threshold of Al2(CH3)6. The photoion-photoion coincidence intensities of Al2(CH3)3Cl3 are negligibly small throughout the energy range studied. The ratio of the relative yield of AlC2H6+ to that of Al+ increases smoothly through the Al:2p core-ionization and/or excitation region of Al2(CH3)3Cl3. The variation of the fragmentation pattern with photon energy is discussed in conjunction with the relevant electronic states.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050410
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  • 179
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    Mass spectrometric studies on the decomposition of trialkylgallium on gaas surfaces (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Gallium arsenide ; trimethylgallium ; triethylgallium ; mass spectrometry ; thermal decomposition ; metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) ; growth mechanism, surface reconstruction ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of trimethylgallium [(CH3)3Ga] and triethylgallium [(C2H5)3Ga] on gallium arsenide (GaAs) surfaces was studied under an ultra-high vacuum using mass spectrometry. It was observed that the decomposition process of (CH3)3Ga and (C2H5)3Ga depends on the arsenic coverage of the substrate surface. On a (100)-oriented surface, increasing the arsenic coverage basically enhances the decomposition of (CH3)3Ga and (C2H5)3Ga to gallium atoms above 350 and 300°C, respectively. The decomposition of (CH3)3Ga proceeds by emitting CH3 radicals. On a surface with low arsenic coverage, the decomposition of (CH3)3Ga is imperfect and fewer than three methyl groups of alkylgallium are desorbed. On a (111)B-oriented surface, however, an increase in the surface arsenic coverage suppresses the decomposition of alkylgallium, which is different from the case for a (100) surface.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050411
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  • 180
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    Thin films of peroxopolytungstic acids: applications to optical waveguide components (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Peroxopolytungstic acid ; etching ; refractive index ; optical waveguide ; diffractional grating ; photochromism ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin films of peroxohetero(carbon)polytungstic acid (CW-HPA) and carbon-free isopolytungstic acid (W-IPA) were prepared, and examined in terms of optical and etching properties. Thermal decomposition was found to give good results in removing excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the preparation of CW-HPA and W-IPA. It was shown for the first time that thin films of CW-HPA and W-IPA have very high refractive indices (larger than 2.0) when sufficiently dried. Optical waveguide (OWG) characteristics of these films were examined using a slab-type OWG structure and ARROW (Antiresonance Reflection Optical Waveguide)-type structures. An embossing technique was applied to make diffractional grating couplers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050413
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  • 181
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    The epitaxial growth of AlGaAs using highly purified trimethylaluminum (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: OMPVE ; epitaxy ; AlGaAs ; source gas ; trimethylaluminum ; impurity ; purification ; HEMT ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly purified trimethylaluminum [(CH3)3Al] was prepared by reducing the contamination of volatile impurities such as organic silicon and dimethyl-aluminum methoxide [(CH3)2AlOCH3]. The concentration of methoxy group in (CH3)3Al was found to decrease considerably when (CH3)2Al was distilled in the presence of aluminum trihalide. Among the halides, purification efficiency increased in the order I〉Br〉Cl.High-quality AlGaAs layer and AlGaAs/GaAs modulation doped structures were grown by organometallic vapor-phase epiloxy (OMVPE) using the purified (CH3)3Al. Their electrical properties were discussed in relation to the volatile impurity in the source gas.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050416
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  • 182
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    Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumour activity of di-n-butyltin(;iv) derivatives of some aromatic carboxylic acids, including aspirin (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; NMR ; anti-tumour ; Mössbauer ; mass spectrum ; carboxylate ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eleven di-n-butyltin(;IV) derivatives of the type (;a) (;C4H9)2(;XYC6H3COO)2Sn or (;b) {[(;C4H9)2(;XYC6-H3COO)Sn]2O}2 (;X, Y = H, 2-OH, compound 1a; H, 2-OCH3, compounds 2a and 2b; H, 2-OCOCH3, 3a; 2-OH, 3-OCH3, 4a; 2-OH, 3-CH3, 5a; H, 3-OCH3, 6a and 6b; H, 3-N(;CH3)2, 7a; H, 2-(;CF3), 5-(;CF3), 8a and 3-OCH3, 4-OH, 9a) have been prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, Mössbauer and mass spectroscopy. The in vitro antitumour activity of these compounds against MCF-7 human tumour cells was higher than that of cis-platin, but only three compounds, 4a, 8a and 9a, scored better than cis-platin against the WiDr cell line.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050309
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    Foreword (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050402
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  • 184
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    Organometallic chemistry related to applications for microelectronics in Japan (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 207-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Microelectronics ; optoelectronics ; semiconductors ; metals ; MOCVD ; MOVPE ; MOMBE ; photochemistry ; metal complexes ; organometallic polymers ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This is meant to be a brief overview of the developments of research activities in Japan on organometallic compounds related to their use in electronic and optoelectronic devices.The importance of organometallic compounds in the deposition of metal and semiconductor films for the fabrication of many electronic and opto-electronic devices cannot be exaggerated. Their scope has now extended to thin-film electronic ceramics and high-temperature oxide superconductors. A variety of organometallic compounds have been used as source materials in many types of processing procedures, such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), metal-organic molecular-beam epitaxy (MOMBE), etc. Deposited materials include silicon, Group III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors, metals, superconducting oxides and other inorganic materials.Organometallic compounds are utilized as such in many electronic and optoelectronic devices; examples are conducting and semiconducting materials, photovoltaic, photochromic, electrochromic and nonlinear optical materials.This review consists of two parts: (I) research related to the fabrication of semiconductor, metal and inorganic materials; and (II) research related to the direct use of organometallic materials and basic fundamental research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050403
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    On the mechanism of catalytic hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by hydrogen peroxide (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 445-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Catalytic hydroxylation ; aromatic hydrocarbons ; hydrogen peroxide ; iron ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050602
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    A mechanism of photo-oxidative destruction for polythylene polymers in the presence of ferrocene derivative additives (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 471-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Polyethylene polymers ; photooxidative destruction ; ferrocene compounds ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ferrocene additive concentrations on the stability of polythylene polymers under atmospheric ageing and ultraviolet irradiation is reported. At concentrations under ca 5 × 10-3 mol kg-1 polymer the ferrocene compound is shown to diminish polymer resistance to light, whereas above this concentration such a compound stabilizes the polymeric matrix. Another purpose of the work is to look into the photo-oxidative destruction of polyethylene doped with ferrocene compound by using an EPR technique. A mechanism of photo-oxidative destruction of polyethylene polymers in the presence of ferrocene compounds is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050604
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  • 187
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    Functionalization and further crosslinking of the nicalon polycarbosilane based on its metalation with the n-butyllithium - postassium t-butoxide reagent (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 463-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Polycarbosilane ; metalation ; hydrosilyation ; ceramic ; Nicalon ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of the Nicalon polycarbosilane with the n-BuLi/Me3COK reagent resulted in metalation of approximately one CH2 group in four. Reaction of the metalated polymer with Me2 (CH2 = CH)SiCl gave a Me2(CH2 = CH)Si-substitued Nicalon polycarbosilane. The polymer was heated with different amounts of the [(MeSiH)∼0.8(MeSi)∼0.2]n polysilane in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile in refluxing benezene. Hydrosilylation by the Si—H-containing polysilane of the CH2=CH groups of the Me2(CH2=CH) Si-substituted Nicalon polycarbosilane gave a new hybrid polymer (when appropriate quantities of reactant polymers were used) whose pyrolyis in a stream of argon to 1000°C left a ceramic residue in 77% yield whose elemental analysis indicated a nominal composition of 91% by weight SiC and 9% C.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050603
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  • 188
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    Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of Rh (PPh3)2 (en)Cl complex (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Rh(PPh3)2(en)Cl complex ; synthesis ; characterizatio ; model hydrogenation reaction ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylenediamine bis(triphenylphosphine) monochlororhodium has been prepared by the interaction of Wilkinson's catalyst and ethylenediamine in benzene. The complex has been isolated and characterized by conventional and spectroscopic methods. The catalytic activity of the complex was investigated for the hydrogenation of 1-octene as a model reaction at a hydrogen pressure of 1 atmosphere (101 kPa) using methanol as a solvent. The influence of various factors such as catalyst, substrate concentrations and temperature have been studied. The hydrido complex has been identified as an intermediate product by IR and NMR studies. The experimental data are in accordance with a rate expression of the form: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Rate = \frac{Kk_1[cat][H_2][olefin]}{k+k[olefin]} $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050105
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  • 189
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    Crown ethers and analogs. S Patai and Z Rappoport (eds). Wiley, Chichester, 1989 558 pages $253.25, ISBN 0 471 91707 9 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 69-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050111
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  • 190
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050101
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  • 191
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    Studies of the uptake and binding of trace metals in fungi. Part II. Arsenic compounds in Laccaria amethystina (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Mushroom ; Laccaria amethystina ; total arsenic ; dimethylarsinic acid ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Caps of the edible mushroom Laccaria amethystina collected during September and October at forested sites in the vicinity of the town of Domzale in Central Slovenia, Yugoslavia, were found by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and hydride generation to have total arsenic concentrations between 109 and 200 mg As kg-1 (dry mass). The extraction of fresh, frozen or freeze-dried caps with cold Tris buffer at pH 7.6, or with boiling water, transferred 60-70% of the arsenic into the aqueous phase. Sephadex gel permeation chromatography indicated that the arsenic compounds in these extracts were not associated with proteins or other organic compounds of molecular mass larger than 4000 Dal.Cation-exchange chromatography coupled with NAA, hydride generation, and reverse-phase chromatography with arsenic-specific detection (HPLC ICP) showed that dimethylarsinic acid is the major arsenic compound in the extracts. Methylarsonic acid and arsenate account for no more than 10% each of the total arsenic.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050103
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  • 192
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    The elements their origin, abundance and distribution. P A COX. Oxford Scientific Publications, Oxford, ISBN 0 19 855298-X (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050217
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  • 193
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050301
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  • 194
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    A synergistic organoiron flame-retarding/smoke-suppressing system for ABS (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Flame retardant ; smoke suppressant ; organoiron compounds ; ABS polymers ; polymer blends ; poly(vinyl chloride) ; Limiting Oxygen Index ; smoke production ; synergism ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymers are among the most flammable of the currently available range of thermoplastic materials. In addition to having a rather low limiting oxygen index (LOI) value in the range 18.3-18.8, ABS polymers also produce compious amounts of smoke and hazardous gases when burnign in the air. In a recent study directed towards preparing and evaluating compounds which would simultaneously reduce the flammability and smoke produced from burning thermoplastic polymers, a synergistic flame-retarding/smoke-suppressing system based on organoiron compounds has been produced, which when properly compounded into ABS/PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)] blends more than doubles the LOI nad at the same time reduces smoke production significantly.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050107
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  • 195
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    A thermal analytical study of some mono- and di-organotin oxides and carboxylates (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; thermal ; analysis ; decomposition ; Mössbauer ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis studies on a variety of mono- and di-organotin oxides and carboxylates were performed; for the carboxylates, these studies followed 119Sn NMR spectroscopic investigation. All the organotin compounds thermally degrade to tin (;IV) oxide (;SnO2) in either air or oxygen, as was confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy in the cases of RSn(;O)OH (;R=butyl, octyl) and Bu2SnO.The organotins are less stable than previously believed since evidence for degradation was obtained in many cases at approximately 160-170 °C.In addition it was found that oxygen influences the thermal stability of the organotins, since Bu2SnO did not degrade when heated for 1 h at 280 °C under nitrogen, yet readily broke down at 170 °C in air. Furthermore, pure oxygen had the effect of lowering reaction temperatures by approximately 10-12°C compared with those in air.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050304
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  • 196
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050201
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  • 197
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    Production of methyltin compounds related to possible conditions in the environment (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Methyltin ; environment ; abiological methylation ; methanol ; ethanol ; acetic acid ; propionic acid ; humic acid ; fulvic acid ; hexamethyldisiloxane ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methylation of heavy-metal compounds (e.g. mercury, lead, tin) in the environment has great significance owing to the much higher toxicity of their methyl derivatives in comparison with inorganic metal species.In this paper abiological methylation of inorganic tin is described. Ethanol, acetic acid and propionic acid abiologically methylated inorganic tin, and the highest yield of methyltin was observed in the reaction between inorganic tin(II) and ethanol. Furthermore, environmental factors for the methylation, such as pH, temperature, added ethanol, concentration of sodium chloride and photoirradiation, were investigated in this reaction. Methyltin production increased at low pH, and decreased at higher concentrations of sodium chloride. Photoirradiation accelerated the reaction rate, and a shorter wavelength showed a higher rate. Inorganic tin(II) was converted rapidly into monomethyltin, and gradually transformed into dimethyltin and trimethyltin with the course time.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050204
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  • 198
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    Tin-based antitumour drugs. M Gielen (ed). NATO ASI Series H: Cell Biology, Volume 37, Springer-Verlag, 1990. 217 pages. Hardcover. DM 128. ISBN 3540 504176 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050215
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  • 199
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    Transition Metals in Total Synthesis. P J Harrington. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1990, xvi+ 484 pages, £47.50, ISBN 0 471 613002 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 140-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050216
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  • 200
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    The use of metallocenic esters of n-hydroxysuccinimide for metallohapten synthesis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organometallic labels ; drugs ; benchrotrene ; cymantrene ; cobaltocenium salt ; ferrocene ; metallohaptens ; immunoassays ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different organometallic markers have been described in a new technique for the labelling of many drugs. Thus metallocenic esters of [M = (;CO)3CrC6H5=; (;CO)3CrC6H5=(;CH2)3=; η-C5H5=FeC5H4=; (;CO)3MnηC5H4=; (;CO)3Mn=ηC5H4COCH2CH2=; ηC5H4(;ηC5H5)Co+PF-6] react with primary or secondary amine drugs [DRUG=NHR] for a psychostimulant drug: amphetamine; tricyclic antidepressants - desipramine and nortriptyline; a vasodilator - histamine; an adrenergic substance - norfenefrine; and for a central stimulant - meth-amphetamine, to give the metallohaptens MCON(;R) - DRUG. All these compounds have been fully characterized by different analytical methods and have potentialities for biological assays. This synthetic route was found better than one presented previously which utilized the metallocenic acid chloride MCOCI as intermediate, and could be proposed as a general synthetic route for labelling biological compounds which possess an amino group.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050302
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