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  • 1995-1999  (631)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1850-1859
  • 1999  (79)
  • 1997  (552)
  • Chemical Engineering  (418)
  • crystal structure
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Manganese(III) ; Schiff base ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure ; Jahn-Teller distortion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The manganese complex, (Mn2(III)(salpa)2Cl2(H2O)2], has been prepared and its structure determined using x-ray crystallography. The dimer is a di-μ2-alkoxo complex which is a six-coordinate manganese dimer with unsupported alkoxide bridges and a rare example of a chloride- and water-containing manganese dimer. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.315(5), b = 11.130(4), c = 11.637(5) Å, β = 104.33(3)°, V = 1169.0(9) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure comprises discrete binuclear clusters in which the metal atoms are bridged by two alkoxo oxygens of the salpa2− ligands. The Mn—O and Mn—N distances are in good agreement with those found for other manganese(III) Schiff base complexes. The Mn—Cl and Mn—O3 distances are 2.585(2) and 2.371(2) Å, respectively, and the Mn ··· Mn distance is 3.001(1) Å. In the crystal, there are two types of hydrogen bonding between the H2O molecule and the Cl atom with Cl ··· H(H2O) distance of 2.33(6) (intramolecule: −1 + x, y, −1 + z) and 2.68(6) Å (intermolecule: −1 + x, 0.5−y, −0.5 + z).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Thorium ; dimethoxyethane ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The molecular structure of ThBr4(DME)2 (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), the first structurally characterized thorium complex containing a simple bidentate ether ligand, is described. The eight-coordinate complex presents a distorted dodecahedral geometry, with Th—Br and Th—O bond lengths in the ranges 2.8516(13)–2.8712(13) Å and 2.564(8)–2.620(8) Å, respectively. ThBr4(DME)2 is monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 7.672(1), b = 14.581(1), c = 15.847(2) Å, β = 102.24(1)°, V = 1732.4(3) Å3, and Z = 4.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Copper ; crystal structure ; synthesis ; Schiff base ligand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title complex Cu(C8H7O2N)2(OH2) crystallized in the orthorhombic space group, Pbca with unit cell parameters: a = 15.242(2), b = 11.782(4), c = 17.946(4) Å, and Z = 8. Two nitrogen atoms, two phenolic oxygen atoms of the ligand, and one water molecule are coordinated with copper to form a distorted tetragonal pyramidal polyhedron.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Europium ; terbium ; betaine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three dimeric lanthanide(III) complexes, [Eu2(bet)8(H2O)4](CIO4)6 (1), [Tb2(bet)8(H2O)4](ClO4)6 (2), and [Eu2(bet)4(H2O)8] Cl6·6H2O (3) (bet = Me3N+CH2COO−, trimethyl-aminoacetate), have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 11.7807(8), b = 27.757(5), c = 11.7980(8) Å, β = 99.500(4)°, V = 3805.1(8) Å3, and Z = 2. Complex 2 is isomorphous to complex 1, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 11.7769(14), b = 27.725(3), c = 11.795(5) Å, β = 99.668(14)°, V = 3797(2) Å3, and Z = 2. Complex 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, with a = 12.5664(8), b = 17.8645(9), c = 22.2573(8) Å, V = 4996.6(4) Å3 and Z = 4. Both complexes 1 and 2 comprise quadruply carboxylate-O,O′-bridged [M2(bet)4]6+ dimeric cores (M = Eu, Tb), and each metal ion is further coordinated by two terminal aqua ligands and two monodentate bet carboxylates to form a distorted square-antiprismatic coordination geometry. Complex 3 also has a [Eu2(bet)4]6+ core, in which two bet ligands act in the η1:η1:μ2 bridging fashion, and the other two bet ligands in the less common η2:η1:μ2 bridging fashion, namely bridging-chelate mode. Each europium(III) ion in complex 3 is further coordinated by four water molecules to complete a monocapped square antiprism.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; copper(II) complexes ; dinuclear complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A chemical Janus, binuclear copper(II) complexes, {[Cu(TPA)Cl][Cu(BPA)Cl]}(ClO4)2 (TPA = Tris(2-pyridylmethyl) amine, BPA = bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) containing two different ligands has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis. Crystal data: triclinic, space group P1$sm, a = 12.529(3), b = 12.655(3), c = 13.458(3) Å, α = 70.48(3), β = 67.40(3), γ = 75.81(3)°, D x = 1.648 mg m−3, and Z = 2. The molecular structure shows that the binuclear copper complex consists of two positive cation and two perchlorate anions. The positive cations moieties have different ligands. Cu(1) is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from TPA and one chloride atom, forming a square-pyramidal geometry, whereas the coordinate number of Cu(2) is four, three of which are from BPA, one from chloride. There are two weak bonds between the Cl(2a) ion and the Cu(2) ion (2.844 Å) and the distance of Cu(2)=O(13) is 2.750(9) Å.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 513-521 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: nanotechnology ; molecular devices ; triptycene ; crown ether ; crystal structure ; thallium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of 9,10-triptycene unit in a crown ether is examined from a structural perspective. Insertion of a triptycene group into 18-crown-6 stretches the crown into an ellipse, as seen in structures presented here of 9,10-triptyceno-22-crown-6 and its thallium complex. Symmetric addition of two triptycene groups into 18-crown-6 results in the sterically congested bis(9,10-triptyceno)-26-crown-6, whose crown cavity is filled with the π-clouds of two arene groups. The larger bis(9,10-triptyceno)-32-crown-8 is more sterically relaxed. The structures of these bis(triptyceno)crown ether molecules are the first with two triptycene groups simultaneously linked through their 9 and 10 positions, thereby forming a simple molecular gearing mechanism. The compound 9,10-triptyceno-22-crown-6 (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 10.7962(7), b = 15.826(3), c = 31.147(5) Å, V = 5321.8(12) Å3, and Z = 8; its complex with TlNO3 (Tl-1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.1884(14), b = 19.552(2), c = 20.575(4) Å, β = 97.062(8)°, V = 3269.2(9) Å3, and Z = 4; bis(9,10-triptyceno)-26-crown-6 (2) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $$\bar 1$$ with a = 8.6488(11), b = 10.7718(12), c = 12.3324(12) Å, α = 111.58(1), β = 100.55(1), γ = 106.43(1)°, V = 970.3(5) Å3, and Z = 1; and bis(9,10-triptyceno)-32-crown-8 (3) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with a = 20.186(3), b = 8.558(2), c = 25.623(2) Å, V = 4426.2(14) Å3, and Z = 4.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 555-560 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: alkylammonium chloroantimonates(III) ; hydrogen bonds ; disorder ; lone electron pair ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of [(CH3)3NH]2Sb3Cl11 (space group P21/n; a = 10.374(2), b = 23.723(5), c = 11.884(2) Å, β = 113.46(3)°; V = 2682.9(9) Å3) consists of a structurally novel [Sb3Cl2− 11] anion and two crystallographically nonequivalent trimethylammonium cations. The anion is composed of three deformed octahedra in the asymmetric part of the unit cell. The octahedra are connected with each other by edges and corners forming a characteristic polyanionic layer. Trimethylammonium cations, one ordered and one disordered, are connected to the inorganic sublattice by N—H· · ·Cl hydrogen bonds.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; complexes ; pteridine ; lumazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies have been performed on the complex cis-diaqua-bis(1,3-dimethylpteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-O4,N5) copper(II) perchlorate monohydrate, [Cu(DLM)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 · H2O. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, P212121 space group, Z = 4 with a = 8.749(1) Å, b = 14.213(1) Å, c = 21.200(2) Å, and V = 2636.2(4) Å3. The metal ion is surrounded in octahedral geometry by two mutually quasi-perpendicular N5,O4-coordinated lumazine chelators with the O4 atoms trans and the N5 atoms cis. The polyhedron is completed by two cis-coordinated water molecules. The absolute configuration of the complex can be described, following Bailar's nomenclature, as the enantiomer Λ of the stereoisomer 4M. A three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network is defined by water molecules, perchlorate anions, and the O2 of the pteridine A.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: dodecanuclear heterobimetallic ; molybdenum-copper cluster ; cage ; μ6-S ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex (Ph4P)2[Mo2S2O2(S2)(S4)] reacts with CuBr to give the dodecanuclear heterobimetallic Mo—Cu—S cage cluster: (Ph4P)2[{Mo2Cu2O2S2(S2)2}3(μ6-S)] (1), which crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯, a = 14.445(5), b = 15.396(5), c = 18.858(5) Å, α = 103.12(3), β = 101.93(2), γ = 113.92(3)°, and V = 3517(2) Å3 for Z = 2. The anion 1 can be described as a cage with S2− at the center binding to six Cu atoms; the cage has two big windows each composed of a puckered Cu3S6 9-membered ring.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper(II) complexes ; 2,6-diacetylpyridine derivative ; open-chain ligand ; crystal structure ; trigonal-bipyramidal geometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound was obtained by a template synthesis from 2,6-diacetylpyridine, ethylhydrazinoacetate and CuCl2·2H2O (molar ratio 1:2:1, in methanol), and its structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 13.906(5), b = 18.199(6), c = 16.641(6) Å, β = 107.18(3)°, and z = 4. The ligand was found to be tridentate in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry with two chloride ligands. There are two independent complex molecules, one of which is hydrogen bonded to the water of crystallization.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 629-633 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: heterometallic polymeric cluster ; polythiometalate ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex (NH4)2 WS4 reacts with AgNO3 and La(NO3)3 · 6H2O in a mixture of DEF/DMF (DEF—N,N′-diethylformamide), to give a new heterometallic square-chain polythiometalate {[W4Ag5S16]2 · [La(DEF)2(DMF)6] · [La(DEF)4(DMF)4]}n (1). 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c, a = 19.5534(8), b = 16.9552(6), c = 22.3479(9) Å, β = 106.053(1)°, V = 7120.1(5) Å3, and Z = 2. The anion polymeric chain of 1 can be regarded as an octanuclear cyclic cluster of [W4Ag4S16]4− fragments linked through Ag+ ions. The polymeric chain is extended through the parallel edges of the square unit. The mean W—Ag distance is 2.963(16) Å. The La3+ cations are coordinated by different solvent molecules, the average La—O bond of these large trivalent cations is 2.47(1) Å.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene ; absolute configuration ; asymmetric synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound under investigation crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 7.9358(11), b = 11.0532(13), c = 29.2425(43) Å, volume = 2565.0(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The C23H34O8Si molecule contains three chiral centers (one of which is of known configuration, based upon an (R)-pantolactone auxillary group). We have determined the absolute configuration of this species (via the anomalous dispersion of Si relative to C and O) and show that it is consistent with the known configuration of the (R)-pantolactone moiety.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene ; absolute configuration ; asymmetric synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound under investigation crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21 with a = 9.1798(23), b = 6.6606(18), c = 17.6591(41) Å, β = 94.342(20)° and Z = 2. The C20H30O6Si molecule contains three chiral centers (one of which is of known configuration, based upon an (R)-pantolactone auxiliary group). We have determined the absolute configuration of this species (via the anomalous dispersion of Si relative to C and O) and show that it is consistent with the known configuration of the (R)-pantolactone moiety
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2,2′-biimidazole ; diester ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1,1,′-Di(ethylpropionato)-2,2′-biimidazole, C16H22N4O4, crystallizes from ice-cold ethanol in the space group P $$\bar 1$$ , with a = 4.6742(9), b = 9.1119(13), c = 10.175(2) Å, α = 96.22(1), β = 96.29(2), γ = 97.53(1)°, and Z = 1. The molecule crystallizes with coplanar rings and the substituents assume a trans conformation with a center of inversion between the bridging carbon atoms.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Hg coordination ; crystal structure ; organomercury derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the title compound, Hg[S2P(OPri)2]2, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric P21/c space group with a = 11.800(1), b = 8.925(2), c = 22.167(2) Å, β = 94.988(7)°, and Z = 4. The same compound has been previously reported but the structure is described there in the space group C2/c. In both cases, one phosphorodithioate moiety acts as a chelating group and the other as a bridging group between neighboring mercury atoms (related to one another by the twofold screw axis), giving rise to an infinite polymer along the direction of the b axis. It turns out that in spite of the difference in space group symmetry, the structures are remarkable similar in that they are formed from infinite polymers of similar geometry. The coordination around the Hg ion shows, however, significant differences, mainly for the bridging Hg—S(4) bond length, which is 0.16 Å smaller than that previously reported.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 329-333 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Carbene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Base-promoted reaction of 11-methylenepentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05, 9]undecan-8-one (5) with diethyl diazomethylphosphonate when performed in the presence of excess cyclohexene, resulted in the formation of the corresponding cycloalkylidenecarbene, 6, which subsequently was trapped in situ to afford 8-methylene-11-(7′-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptylidene)pentacyclo-[5.4.0.02, 6.03, 10.05, 9]undecane (7, obtained in 44% yield as a mixture of exo, endo isomers). Subsequent reaction of 7 with dichlorocarbene (generated under phase transfer catalytic conditions) produced the corresponding mono- and di-:CCl2 adducts [i.e., 8 (64% yield) and 9 (5% yield), respectively]. The structure of 9 was established unequivocally via application of single crystal X-ray analysis: Triclinic, P1¯, a = 6.276(2), b = 8.700(2), c = 18.550(3) Å, α = 76.52(3), β = 87.59(3), γ = 70.88(4)° Z = 2; D calc 1.486 g cm−3.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; manganese complex ; disubsituted oxamide ; addition compound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the addition compound, Mn(phen)3(PMoxdH2)(ClO4)2 was established by X-ray crystallography, where PMoxdH2 is N,N′-bi(2-pyridylmethyl)-oxamide. Six nitrogen atoms of the three 1,10-phenanthroline bind to the manganese ion and the oxygen atom of PMoxdH2 is uncoordinated. The addition compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 23.780(6), b = 11.948(5), c = 18.466(6) Å, β = 117.38(3)°, V = 4659(3) Å3, and Z = 4.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: pyrazolyl derivative ; substituted cyclopentane ; substituted cyclohexane ; crystal structure ; bidentate ligand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The species 1,1-di(pyrazol-1-yl)cyclohexane, C12H16N4, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.340(2), b = 14.281(5), c = 10.153(3) Å, β = 106.86(2)°, and Z = 4. The cyclohexane moiety has the chair conformation. The congener, 1,1-di(pyrazol-1-yl)cyclopentane, C11H14N4, while not isomorphous, also crystallizes in space group P21/c with a = 14.350(2), b = 6.776(1), c = 11.043(2) Å, β = 100.68(1)°, and Z = 4. The cyclopentane ring has a conformation in which four carbon atoms are essentially coplanar, while the fifth (that with the two pyrazolyl substituents) lies 0.63 Å from this plane, resulting in a bend of 41.3° across the C(2)···C(5) vector. The hydrogen atoms in each structure were located directly and their coordinates refined.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 719-723 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; independent molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray crystal structure of 4,5-(cis-cyclohexylenedithio)-1,3-dithiole-2-one has been determined. Yellow block shaped crystals of C9H10OS4 crystallize in the space group P $${\bar 1}$$ with cell dimensions a = 8.872(4), b = 9.330(8), c = 14.333(12) Å, α = 95.23(7), β = 91.09(5), γ = 107.60(5)°, V = 1124.8(14) Å3, and Z = 4. This compound has two S---S contacts [3.574, 3.610 Å] shorter than 3.70 Å and the usual disordered ethylene moiety [C(3)—C(8)] of the six-membered ring is fixed by the cis-cyclohexylene subsitituent. This means that it may be a new precursor for conducting and strong near-IR absorbing nickel-dithiolenes. Also, it provides the first example of polymorphism of the dmit derivatives and contains two independent molecules I and II in the asymmetric unit.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 725-727 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-thiouracil derivatives ; crystal structure ; S-methyl-thiouracil ; hydrogen bonding ; structural methylation and metallation effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 2-S-Methylthiouracil crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $${\bar 1}$$ with unit cell dimensions a = 5.508(4), b = 7.175(3), c = 8.522(2) Å, α = 80.83(2), β = 80.43(3), γ = 76.86(3)°, and Z = 2. The molecule exists in the crystal in the lactam form and is essentially planar. The molecular packing consists of molecules linked in centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded pairs. The effects of methylation and subsequent metallation on the 2-thiouracil structure are discussed.
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  • 21
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 797-802 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; Cu(I) complex ; μ-oxo-bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ; luminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of a luminescent dinuclear Cu(I) complex as the BF− 4 salt from toluene and methanol containing triphenylphosphine and μ-oxo-bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) is described. The coordination geometry about the Cu(I) center is distorted tetrahedral. An unusual feature of the structure is a pseudo-inversion center located near the oxygen atom at approximately 0.51, 0.26, 0.25, such that all of the atoms except for the oxygen are related by a pseudo-inversion center to another atom in the same molecule, as well as by crystallographic inversion to the other molecule in the unit cell. The complex displays luminescence from an MLCT band in fluid solution and emission from both a metal-centered charge-transfer and intraligand (phenanthroline) state at 77K in a chloroform snow. Crystal data: triclinic, P $$\bar 1$$ , a = 15.163(2), b = 16.985(2), c = 18.731(2) Å, α = 106.458(9), β = 91.416(8), γ = 102.557(9)°, V = 4496(1) Å3, and Z = 2.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 729-733 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; yttrium complexes ; isothiocyanate complexes ; octahedral coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structural analysis of [(n-C4H9)4N]3[Y(NCS)6] (I) using single-crystal diffraction data and full-matrix least squares refinement has been carried out. The hexaisothiocyanate complex crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P $${\bar 1}$$ (No. 2) with unit cell constants of a = 12.431(1), b = 12.866(1), c = 22.750(2) Å, α = 90.78(1), β = 92.05(1), γ = 96.67(1)°, and Z = 2. The molecular unit consists of three separate cationic tetra-n-butylammonium groups and an independent hexakisisothiocyanatoyttrate anionic group in which the six thiocyanate ligands are octahedrally coordinated through the N atom to the Y central ion. Selected bond distances and angles are presented as well as the synthesis and peripheral studies of (I).
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 793-796 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper complex ; crystal structure ; dibenzoylmethane complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bis(dibenzoylmethane)copper Cu(dbm)2 has been synthesized and its structure determined by x-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 25.936(3), b = 5.9806(8), c = 16.4908(16) Å, β = 114.998(8)°, Z = 4, and V = 2318.3(4) Å3. The Cu atom is located at a symmetry center and surrounded by four O atoms from two dbm molecules to form a plane square coordination environment. On the a–c plane the molecules are orderly arranged to result in a layered structure, and parallel to crystallographic b-axis they form a molecular column due to the effect of aromatic stacking.
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  • 24
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 809-812 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: tungsten(II) ; dibromo ; carbonyl ; diphenylcyclohexylphosphine ; but-2-yne ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WBr2(Co)(PPh2Cy)2(η2-MeC2Me)]·CH2Cl2 (Cy = cyclohexyl) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/n, with a = 10.606(12), b = 23.11(3), c = 18.19(2) Å, β = 106.070(10) Dcalc = 1.610g cm−3 for Z = 4. The tungsten coordination geometry can best be considered as a distorted octahedron, with the but-2-yne ligand occupying one coordination site, which has a trans-Br(2) group. The equatorial plane is made up of trans-PPh2Cy groups, with the bromo and carbonyl ligands occupying the other two sites.
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  • 25
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 837-839 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: acyclonucleoside analog ; 6-(phenyl selenyl) uracil derivative ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound, 1-(ethoxymethyl)-6-(phenylselenyl)-5-ethyl uracil, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 5.304(1), b = 21.261(4), c = 13.996(4) Å, β = 94.30(2)°, and Z = 4. The acyclic chain C1′, O4′, C4′, C5′ is in fully extended form and nearly perpendicular to the uracil base. The molecules are held together by van der Waal's forces.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: mercury halides ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis, characterization and single crystal X-ray structure of three compounds of general formula HgI2R (R = phen[1], dmph [2] and bpy[3]) are presented. The crystal data for the three compounds are: [1], triclinic, space group P $$\bar 1$$ (#2) a = 7.902(2), b = 9.479(2), c = 10.002(2) Å, α = 91.45(2), β = 111.34(2), γ = 100.82(2)° [2]: monoclinic, space group C2/c (#15) a = 15.670(3), b = 11.640(2), c = 9.730(2) Å, β = 114.57(3)° [3]: triclinic, space group P1¯ (#2) a = 9.472(1), b = 9.507(1), c = 9.023(1) Å, α = 98.46(1), β = 102.89(1), γ = 119.62(1)°. Compounds [1] and [2] are monomers, with highly distorted tetrahedral environments around Hg. In [3], instead, there is a significant intermolecular I···Hg interaction leading to the formation of softly bound dimers linking two pentacoordinated cations. The structure is compared with related ones in the literature.
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  • 27
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 907-911 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: tungsten(II) ; Iodo ; carbonyl ; cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene ; but-2-yne ; cationic ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex [WI(CO)(cis-dppen)(η2-MeC2Me)2]I·CH2Cl2(1) is prepared as a by-product from the reaction of equimolar quantities of [WI2(CO)(NCMe)(η2-MeC2Me)2] and cisdppen {dppen = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene}. Complex 1, [WI(CO)(cis-dppen)(η2-MeC2Me)2]I·CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $${\text{P}}\bar 1$$ with a = 11.189(13), b = 12.331(14), c = 15.395(17) Å, α = 83.61(1), β = 86.06(1), γ = 64.48(1)°, U = 1904 Å3, and Z = 2. The metal environment in the cation can best be considered as a distorted octahedron with the two but-2-yne groups taking up individual sites trans to phosphorus atoms of the dppen ligand. The coordination sphere is completed by mutually trans-carbonyl and iodide groups.
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  • 28
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 955-959 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; intramolecular hydrogen bond ; 4-(1,4-dimethoxy-2-naphthyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state is reported for the title compound and its ethylene ketal. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group, $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 9.590(3), b = 9.620(3), c = 9.844(2) Å, α = 97.67(2), β = 105.25(2), γ = 115.47(2), and Z = 2. The ethylene ketal crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/c, with a = 7.230(2), b = 22.639(3), c = 10.839(2) Å, β = 101.47(2), and Z = 4. The intramolecular hydrogen bond length of 1.79 Å is the same for the ketone and ketal, but the O—H---O valence angle is 144° for the ketone and 165° for the ketal.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: neotame ; crystal structure ; methanol solvate ; thermal analysis ; powder X-ray diffractometry ; 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the methanol solvate (empirical formula: 2C20H30N2O5·3CH3OH) of a new dipeptide sweetener, neotame (N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester), has been determined. Crystal data: a = 9.8989(1), b = 18.1331(1), c = 27.5725(1) Å, orthorhombic, space group P212121, with Z = 4. Each unit cell includes 8 neotame and 12 methanol molecules. Disorder exists in one neotame molecule and one methanol molecule. The crystals were characterized by the following techniques: hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Karl-Fischer titrimetry (KFT), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. Under HSM at a heating rate of 10°C/min in silicone oil, the sample melts at 64–84°C and liberates bubbles at 71–86°C. DSC in open pans shows two overlapping endotherms at 56 and 71°C, probably due to melting and desolvation, respectively. TGA in open pans shows 5.9% weight loss due to desolvation below 70°C. Under house vacuum (23 mm Hg) over phosphorus pentoxide at 23°C, the methanol solvate produces pure amorphous anhydrate, which converts to crystalline neotame monohydrate in the presence of moisture.
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  • 30
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 977-982 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: cyano allyl radical ; thermal arrangement ; crystal structure ; isomer ; NMR, MM2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, separation, crystal structure and 1H NMR spectra are reported for the two geometrical isomers of 1,1′-bi-3-cyanocyclohex-2-enylidene. The E-isomer crystallized as thin plates in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 5.3980(5), b = 7.0757(7), c = 15.300(2) Å, β = 94.571(2)°, and Z = 2. The structure has symmetry C2h. The Z-isomer crystallized as needles in the triclinic space group P1¯ with a = 7.0790(6), b = 11.3155(9),c = 15.386(1) Å, α = 104.943° β = 90.164(2)°, γ = 99.494(2)°, and Z = 4. The compound crystallized with two molecules per asymmetric unit. In C6D6, 1H NMR signals of the 2-vinyl protons appear almost identical. However, in a mixture of C6D6 and pyridine-d 5, the 2-vinyl protons can be distinguished. The structures compare favorably with MM2 calculations.
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  • 31
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1009-1013 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; nickel complex ; xanthosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex [Ni(XsH−1)2(H2O)4]·6H2O (XsH−1: xanthosinate) was isolated from the reaction of nickel carbonate with xanthosine in aqueous solution. The octahedral coordination is supported by the reflectance measurements. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that the crystals belong to the triclinic P1 space group, with a = 7.152(1), b = 8.830(1),c = 13.783(1) Å, α = 82.024(1)°, β = 86.155(1)°, γ = 70.900(1)°, and D = 1.643 mg/m3, forZ = 1. Nickel is six coordinate with four water molecules, and two N7 atoms from xanthosinato ligands. A complicated hydrogen-bonding network is present, all possible donors taking part in it.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: manganese ; pyridine-2-thiolate ; bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ; carbonyl ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dimeric complex [Mn2(μ-pyS)2(CO)6] (1) reacted with 2 M equivalents of both PPh3 and PHPh2 to give the respective monomeric phosphine complexes [Mn(pyS)(L)(CO)3][L = PPh3 (2) and PHPh2 (3)]; with 4 M equivalents of dppm, it yielded the complex [Mn(pyS)(η1-dppm)2(CO)2](4). An X-ray structure determination of 4 shows that it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 11.027(3), b = 24.984(7), c = 18.379(5) Å, β = 99.870(8)°, V = 4988(2) Å3, and Z = 4. The complex has an octahedral geometry with the chelating pyS ligand and two CO groups occupying the equatorial sites and the two monodentate dppm ligands lying in the trans positions.
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  • 33
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1037-1041 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; imidazolidine ; triazene ; bis-triazene ; methoxy substituent ; π-π stacking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of 1,3-di-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-diazenyl]imidazolidine (1) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This novel bis-triazene assumes a close-to planar structure with the aryltriazene moieties aligned in diametrically opposed directions, unlike many other previously reported bis-triazenes, which assume a folded structure. The structure of 1 is compared with the closely related, non-cyclic bis-triazene analogue (2), and also compared with the structure of the simple mono-triazene (3). Crystal data: 1 C17H20N6O2, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 34.948(3), b = 5.925(5), c = 8.1225(6) Å, β = 100.8420(10)°, and V = 1652.0(2) Å3, for Z = 4.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; tritylaziridine ; acrylate ; spectroscopic features
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of 2-{(R)-1-Hydroxy-1-[(2S)-1-tritylaziridin-2-y1] methy1}acrylate is described. Crystal data: C26H25NO3, orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 9.6954(5), b = 13.1458(5), c = 16.7885(7) Å, V = 2139.8(2) Å3, Z = 4. The (R,S) diastereomer shows an intramolecular hydrogen bonding N···H—O under formation of a five-membered ring with N···O distance of 2.664 Å. IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR data are discussed. The 1H NMR of the (R,S) diastereomer shows a singlet- whereas the (S,S) diastereomer exhibits a doublet-pattern for the hydroxyl proton.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: absolute configuration ; asymmetric synthesis ; azabicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallized in space group P21 with a = 12.647(8), b = 14.542(4), c = 17.077(16) Å, β = 97.51(6)°, and D calc = 1.143 mg/m3 for Z = 4. There are two chemically-equivalent C27H41NO8Si molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Each contains three chiral centers, one of known absolute configuration based upon the (R)-pantolactone,—CH*—CMe2—CH2—O—CO—, moiety. The structural study was greatly complicated by disorder of an —OSiMe2(t-Bu) group in one molecule.
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  • 36
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1081-1084 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: cobalt(II) ; bipyridine ; maleato ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Preparation of the mononuclear cobalt(II) complex, [Co(bipy)(maleato) (H2O)3]·H2O (1) where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, were accomplished by reaction of an aqueous solution containing sodium maleate and an ethanolic solution of Co(NO3)2·6H2O and bipy. The crystal structure of complex (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 9.477(3), b = 7.660(2), c =23.526 (3) Å, β = 97.64(2)°, V = 1692.6(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure consists of discrete mononuclear cobalt molecules. The cobalt atom is six-coordinate and presents a slightly distorted octahedral geometry, which consists of the two imine N atoms of bipy, a terminal carboxylate O atom from maleato ligand, and a water O atom in the basal plane with Co—N bond distances of 2.116(2) and 2.124(3) Å and Co—O distances of 2.075(2) and 2.088(2) Å, respectively. The relatively shorter Co—O distances are due to the trans effect of the bipy ligand. The octahedral coordination is completed the other two water molecules. The coordinate and the lattice water molecules were identified by TG study.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Rubidium nitroprusside monohydrate ; crystal structure ; properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of rubidium nitroprusside monohydrate, Rb2[Fe(CN)5NO] · H2O, has been determined from X-ray diffraction data and refined using direct and Fourier methods to R = 0.066 and Rw = 0.075, employing 1894 independent reflections with I 〉 3 (I). The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (C 6 2h), with a = 13.987(2), b = 10.241(1), c = 18.151(1) Å, β = 110.94°, and Z = 8. Anions are located at C 1 sites, one per asymmetric unit, and are slightly distorted octahedra. TGA, DTA, FTIR, and FTIR Raman results were interpreted on the basis of the formula of the compound, its crystal structure, and the behavior of other nitroprussides.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; methyl propiolate ; sulfenic acid ; vinyl sulfoxide ; leinamycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Evidence for the formation of unstable sulfenic acids (RSOH) as reaction intermediates is commonly provided by trapping these compounds with methyl propiolate. The crystal structure of a vinyl sulfoxide derived from the trapping of a sulfenic acid with methyl propiolate is reported here. The title compound C12H12O5S crystallized in the triclinic space group,P1¯ with unit cell parameters: a = 6.1600(4), b = 9.7286(7), c = 11.3698(8) Å, α = 112.024(1), β = 94.662(1), γ = 95.429(1)°, and Z = 2.
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  • 39
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1137-1139 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: acyclic nucleoside analog ; acyclovir ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound 9[1-(2-hydroxy ethoxy)-3-hydroxy propyl] guanine crystalizes in the tetragonal system, space group P41212 with a = 11.106 (1), c = 20.558 (2) Å, and Z = 8. The acyclic chain C1′¯O1′¯C4′¯C5′¯O5′ is in the extended configuration and the glycosidic torsion angle (C4¯N9¯C1′¯O1′) is 125.1 (8)°. The molecules are held together by Van der Waal's forces.
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  • 40
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1205-1210 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic sulfate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC ; vibrational spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [1-(2-ammoniumethyl) piperazinium] sulfate denoted PIPS has a monoclinic unit cell. The parameters are: a = 6.6521(3), b = 7.8756(5), c = 19.197(1) Å, β = 94.43(1)° and the space group is P21/n. The preparation, thermal analysis, and IR spectrometric investigation are described. The PIPS structure exhibits a complex three-dimensional network of H-bonds connecting all its components.
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  • 41
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1265-1269 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; corticosteroid ; de-oxy corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic glucocorticoid de-oxy corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2, with a = 21.896(2), b = 7.596(3) and c = 14.291(3) Å, Z = 4. Ring A is a distorted half chair, ring B and C are in the chair configuration and ring D is in the 14α-half chair configuration. The ring junctions B/C and C/D are both trans. The molecule as a whole is slightly convex towards the β-side, with an angle of 18.4(2)° between the C(10)--C(19) and C(13)--C(18) vectors. In addition to packing and stacking interaction, intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays an important role in structural association. The X-ray structure determination of the title compound was undertaken to study its high binding affinity to serum protein like globulin.
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  • 42
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1291-1293 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ; fungicidal activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound 1-phenyl-3-methylthio-4-imino-5-allyl-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, C15H15N5S, has been synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction: orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with a = 17.3480(9), b = 8.5022(5), c = 19.8132(11) Å. Z = 8, V = 2922.4(3) Å3. The compound shows a fully delocalized pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine system with a sp2 hybridization of the N(4) atom.
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  • 43
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Manganese (II) ; phenanthroline ; polymeric complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new polymeric manganese(II) complex, [Mn(II)(phen)(ClCH2COO)2]n, was obtained from the reaction of Mn(ClCH2COO)2 with phen and its structure was determined by x-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 19.706(4), b = 11.381(3), c = 7.482(3) Å, β = 94.01(3)°, V = 1674.0(8) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure consists of an infinite chain. The manganese atom is located on a twofold axis and presents a distorted octahedral coordination sphere, which consists of the two N atoms of a phen ligand (Mn—N = 2.304(2) Å) and four carboxylato ligands. The Mn···Mn distance within the chain is 4.53 Å, and the carboxylato bridges present a syn-anti conformation.
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  • 44
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1255-1259 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crown ether ; crystal structure ; lariat ; sodium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether with a novel monooxyacetone sidearm is prepared and its structure with sodium perrhenate is determined. The structure crystallizes in P21/c with cell dimensions: a = 8.107(2) Å, b = 28.138(3) Å, c = 10.293(2) Å, and β = 104.173(9)°; giving a volume of 2276.6(7) Å3. This structure is compared to other sodium complexes of dibenzo-14-crown-4 lariat ethers and is found to be the only one with intramolecular bonding between the sidearm and the cation. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed.
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  • 45
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1271-1275 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; pregnen ; progestin ; 4-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic steroid de-oxy corticosterone (4-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21, with a = 11.706(2); b = 11.171(3), c = 13.966(3) Å, and β = 100.94(2)°, Z = 4. Ring A tends to acquire the conformation of a half-boat, rings B and C are in the chair configuration, and ring D is a 13β, 14α-half-chair. The ring junctions B/C and C/D are both trans, whereas the ring junction A/B is quasi-trans. The molecule as a whole is slightly convex toward the β-side, with an angle of 16.01(0.36)° between the C10--C19 and C13--C18 vectors. Molecular packing and stacking interactions play the major role in structural association. Cohesion of the crystal is due to van der Waals interactions.
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  • 46
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 565-569 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: orotic acid complex ; crystal structure ; copper(II) complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [(C5H2N2O4)Cu(H2O)2]n has been synthesized and its structure determined at room temperature. The primary coordination sphere at the Cu ion is square planar with the orotate dianion coordinating at the metal through heterocyclic nitrogen atom and adjacent oxygen of the carboxylate group, the remaining coordination sites are occupied by two water molecules. The orotate dianion is tricoordinated to one copper via N1 and one oxygen of the carboxylato group and to another copper atom via the other oxygen of the carboxylato group. The coordination at copper is extended to five by the other oxygen of the carboxylate group of another orotate molecule. Thus, the molecules are associated to form chains, the carboxylato group acting as a bridge between the metal ions, the orotato-group being tridentate. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group. P21/n1 with a = 9.515(5), b = 6.925(2), c = 11.861(6) Å, β = 95.285(9)°, D calc = 2.17 g cm−3, and z = 4.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: pseudo-square pyramidal Cu(II) complex ; trans-4-styrylpyridine ; crystal structure ; IR, electronic, and EPR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of the title Cu(II) complex, [Cu(stpy)4(ONO2)(ONO2)′] [stpy = trans-4-styryl-pyridine] have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, electronic and EPR spectral measurements, and X-ray crystal structure determination. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit-cell parameters, a = 12.985(2), b = 22.865(8), c = 17.024(10) Å, β = 112.29(3)°, and Z = 4. The structure consists of discrete monomeric units of [Cu(stpy)4(ONO2)(ONO2)′]. The equatorial positions of the Cu(II) polyhedron are occupied by nitrogen atoms of the four stpy ligands and the axial positions by the oxygens of two unidentate nitrate anions. One of these oxygens is at rather longer distance [2.609(3) Å] and may be considered to be semicoordinated. If this semibond is ignored, the coordination geometry lies closer to an idealized square pyramid than to the trigonal bipyramid geometry. IR spectra reveal nitrogen coordination from stpy and asymmetry in the monodentate oxygen binding of the two nitrate ligands. The optical reflectance band at 600 nm suggests pseudo-square-based pyramidal geometry around Cu(II). Well-resolved Cu(II) hyperfine features in the EPR spectra reveal the absence of exchange interactions between adjacent copper centers. Optical and EPR spectra of a methanolic solution of the complex indicate solvent interactions. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the complex to be stable up to 175°C.
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  • 48
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 475-480 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; ab initio calculations ; conjugation ; phosphabutadienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of 1-phenyl-1-dimethylamino-4,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-aza-3λ3-phosphabutadiene-1,3, Me2N(Ph)C=N—P=C(SiMe3)2 (1), has been determined. Crystal data: triclinic, P1¯, a = 8.975(4), b = 10.001(5), c = 12.440(6) Å, α = 79.04(4), β = 77.98(4), γ = 73.07(4)°, V = 1034.7 Å3, Z = 2, and D c = 1.08 g cm−3. The main geometrical parameters of 1 as well as ab initio (HF/6-31+G**) calculations of the model systems show no clear evidence of high efficiency of the π(C=N)—π (P=C) conjugation.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: contrast agents ; crystal structure ; ortho ester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-(4-Bromobenzyl)-4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, C13H15BrO3, has been synthesized from 4-bromophenylacetic acid chloride via the oxetan ester (3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)acetate. The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined at low temperature (120 K), by X-ray diffraction methods. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14), Z = 4, with lattice parametersa = 6.019(5), b = 20.990(5), c = 9.915(2) Å, and β = 101.29(1)°.
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  • 50
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 561-564 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; Raman spectrum ; silver azide ; azide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Silver nitrate reacts with sodium azide to give white powdery silver azide, which can be crystallized in aqueous ammonia. The compound belongs to orthorhombic space group Ibam with a = 5.600(1), b = 5.980(6), c = 5.998(1) Å, and Z = 4. The layer-type structure is constructed from edge-sharing regular rectangles, each composed of silver atoms at its vertices with an enclosed azide anion in a tilted orientation. The linear and asymmetrical structure of the azide anion in crystalline silver azide has been confirmed by its Raman spectrum.
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  • 51
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 845-848 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; centrosymmetric ; aminoadamantane derivative ; antiviral ; dispiro compound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Adamantan-1-ammonium 1-adamantanecarboxylate, C21H33NO2 (I) is a novel dispiro-type compound. Aminoadamantane derivatives, in which the spiro carbon atoms are part of heterocyclic rings, are of potential interest as biological active substances and antiviral agents. Complex (I) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c (No. 15) with eight molecules in the unit cell with a = 25.227(4), b = 6.527(1), c = 22.489(4) Å, and β = 90.75(1)°. The two spiro units are a 1-adamantylammonium cation and a 1-adamantane carbonyloxy anion. The complex units are stabilized by a network of intermolecular carbonyloxy-to-amine hydrogen bonding and van der Waals cohesive forces. Germane bond lengths are: C—N = 1.479(9) and C—O (mean) = 1.25(2) Å.
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  • 52
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 891-899 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: cyclohexaphosphates ; organometallic compound ; crystal growth ; X-ray diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three new cyclohexaphosphates with general formula M0.5((C6H5CH2)2NH2)5P6O18·H2O (M=Co, Cu, Cd) are reported. They crystallize with monoclinic unit-cells and are isotropic. We have determined their structure from the salt M=Co. This later exhibits the following unit-cell parameters: a = 22.739(5), b = 17.682(3), c = 18.342(3) Å, β = 91.22(1)°, Z = 4,P21/n, V = 7373 Å3, and Dx = 1.373 g cm−3. The atomic arrangement can be described as layers containing P6O18 ring anions and CoO6 octahedra spreading in the (101) planes and intercalated by the dibenzylammonium groups and the water molecules. Synthesis and characterization by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption, and TA are described.
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  • 53
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1107-1110 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; ytterbium ; lanthanide ; coordination complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation and structural characterization of [YbI2(DME)2] are reported. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1¯: a = 13.0094 (10), b=14.504(3), c = 14.668 (3) Å, α = 115.281(10) β = 106.74(2), γ = 105.97(2)°. The metal center of the complex exhibits a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry which involves a rare example of a monodentate DME ligand.
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  • 54
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1127-1132 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; phenyl-substituted cyclopentenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of two stereoisomers of tetraphenyl- and pentaphenyl-substituted cyclopentenes 1 and 2 have been determined by X-ray analysis. An envelope conformation 1E has been ascertained for the cis isomer 1a, whereas the cis, cis isomer 2a, which crystallizes in two different space groups, P1¯ and P21/n, displays a twisted 2T1 conformation. The phenyl substituents are all tilted with respect to the cyclopentene ring in both structures. Compound 1a crystallizes in the space group P21/a with a = 18.553(3), b = 6.006(2), c = 19.355(5), β = 102.67(4)°, and V = 2104.2(g) Å3 for Z = 4; compound 2a I crystallizes in P21/n with a = 10.064(2), b = 20.756(5), c = 12.245(3) Å, β = 95.21(2)°, and V = 2547(1) Å3 for Z = 4; compound 2aII crystallizes in P1¯ with a = 10.117(3), b = 11.750(2), c = 12.359(2) Å, α = 111.25(2), β = 94.84(2), γ = 108.78(2)°, and V = 1262.3(6) Å3 for Z = 2.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper (II) ; histamine ; self-assembly ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new monomeric copper (II) complex with histamine (him), [Cu(II)(him)2(No3)2], has been prepared by the reaction of Cu(NO3)2 with histaminium dichloride and its structure was determined by x-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 5.7238(4), b = 8.7094(7), c = 9.2481(11) Å, α = 69.693(8), β = 73.242(7), γ = 71.050(7)°, V = 400.84(6) Å3, and Z = 1. The structure consists of discrete [Cu(II)(him)2(NO3)2] molecules in which the metal atom is centrosymmetrically coordinated by two histamine ligands forming an equatorial plane with Cu–N(imidazole ring) being 2.032(2) and Cu–N(NH2 group) being 2.023(2) Å. Two O atoms from nitrate anions coordinate on the elongated axial positions with Cu–O being 2.549(2) Å. In the crystal structure, the molecules are organized by hydrogen bonds forming a two-dimensional network.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: xanthenol ; complex ; crystal structure ; H-bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound 14-hydroxy-14-phenyldibenzo[a,j]xanthene 1 formed a (1:1) complex with diethyl ether. 1,4-Dioxane was also enclathrated, but with a variable stoichiometric ratio. Single crystal X-ray crystallography was used to elucidate the crystal structure of the 1·diethyl ether complex. Crystals are orthorhombic with space group P212121, a = 8.532(3), b = 15.040(4), c = 18.491(5) Å, V = 2373(1) Å3, d c = 1.256 g/cm3, and Z = 4. Host and guest molecules were found to associate via hydrogen bonds, with the guest molecules residing in undulating channels lined by host molecules.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper(II) ; Schiff base ; polymidazole ; crystal structure ; properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The square-planar complex [Cu(MIMH)(CH3CO2)](ClO4) (1) (MIMH = [(4-methylimidazol-5-yl)methylene]histamine) was prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 10.5331(10), b = 12.6177(10), c = 12.9773(10) Å, β = 107.710(10)°, V = 1643.0(2) Å3, and Z = 4. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the copper(II) atom in 1 has a distorted square-planar environment defined by three nitrogen atoms from the Schiff base ligand and one oxygen atom from the acetate group. The Cu—N bond lengths range from 1.950(3) to 2.015(3) Å and the Cu—O(1) bond length is 1.952(2) Å. The electronic spectra of 1 in aqueous solutions indicates that 1 forms adducts of square-pyramidal geometry with H2O. Cyclic voltammetry of 1 in DMF solution shows that there is some degradation of 1 upon reduction.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: pyrazolyl derivative ; substituted pentane ; crystal structure ; bidentate ligand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c with a = 14.4005(23), b = 7.0494(12), c = 11.2462(20) Å, β = 101.572(13)° and Z = 4; the molecule lies on a crystallographic C 2 axis. Hydrogen atoms were both located and refined.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; Frentizole ; immunomodulator ; structure-function relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystals of Frentizole (from ethanol/water) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 11.187(4), b = 7.392(2), c = 32.727(6) Å, β = 92.77(2)°, Z = 8, D o = 1.47 g/cm3, and D c = 1.472 g/cm3. There are two independent molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit with very different conformations. In molecule A the urea group is in the plane of the benzothiazole ring (0.9°) whereas in molecule B the dihedral angle between them is 4.4°. The dihedral angle between the planes of the phenyl group and the benzothiazole ring are ±157° and ±12°, respectively, in the two molecules. The molecules are linked by a pair of N–H···N hydrogen bonds involving the urea nitrogen and two other N–H···N bonds involving the urea nitrogen and the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group.
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  • 60
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 355-358 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Quinestrol ; sex steroid ; alkyne ; crystal structure ; solvent inclusion ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of the synthetic sex steroid quinestrol (3-O-cyclopentyl-17α-ethynylestradiol) as crystallized from ethanolic solution is determined. The asymmetric unit contains two steroid and one ethanol molecules. The conformation of the two steroid molecules differs in the orientation of the cyclopentane ring. The cocrystallized ethanol molecule facilitates formation of cooperative O—H···O hydrogen bonding. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21, with a = 13.950(6), b = 6.5945(8), c = 25.403(8) Å, β = 104.78(4)°, and D calc = 1.136 g cm−1 for Z = 4.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Cluster core M6E8 ; structural characteristics ; crystal structure ; hexacobalt cluster complex ; phosphine ; sulfide bridging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two new members of the hexanuclear series [Co6S8(PR3)6] n+, complexes [Co6S8(PMe2Ph)6](ClO4) (1) and [Co6S8P(OMe)3 6] (2), have been synthesizes and characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses. Their formation process was postulated to go through trinuclear μ3--S bridged moieties. The structural characteristics of the M6E8P6 skeleton of a whole series of [M6E8(PR3)6] n+ (M=Co, Cr, Fe, Mo; E=S, Se, Te) complexes are presented in terms of atomic distances and core volumes.
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  • 62
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 797-806 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cadmium coordination ; crystal structure ; enthalpy of solution ; lattice energy ; lattice enthalpy ; NTO salt ; preparation ; standard enthalpy of dehydration ; standard enthalpy of formation ; thermal decomposition mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract [Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]·4H2O was prepared by mixing the aqueous solution of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and cadmium carbonate in excess. The single crystal structure was determined by a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2/c with crystal parameters of a=2.1229(3) nm, b=0.6261(8) nm, c=2.1165(3) nm, β=90.602(7)°, V=2.977(6) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.055 g·cm−3, μ=15.45 cm−1, F(000)=1824, λ(MoKα)=0.071073 nm. The final R is 0.0282. Based on the results of thermal analysis, the thermal decomposition mechanism of [Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]·4H2O was derived. From measurements of the enthalpy of solution of [Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]·4H2O in water at 298.15 K, the standard enthalpy of formation, lattice energy, lattice enthalpy and standard enthalpy of dehydration have been determined as -(1747.8±4.8), -2394, -2414 and 313.6 kJ mol−1 respectively.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Tetrahydrotetrol ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative ; carcinogen ; crystal structure ; structure-activity relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular structures of two racemic trans-tetrahydrotetrols formed by hydrolysis of the (±)anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro derivatives of the strong carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene and the weak carcinogen chrysene have been determined by X-ray crystallographic methods.3 Focusing on the (+)isomers, the stereochemical features of the two tetrols are discussed in detail to determine structural differences, which can be related to the different biological activity of their parent hydrocarbons, since they provide a model for the hydrocarbon moiety in the major PAH-DNA adduct. As a result of this study, a tentative correlation can be stated between biological activity of quasi-planar bay-region PAHs and the presence of structural features, which can decrease the steric hindrance of the aromatic skeleton and the other hydroxy groups on the pseudo-axial O4, which mimics the position of the covalent bond to DNA. The significant structural features seem to be an out-of-plane distortion with a negative torsion angle at the bay region and a half chair conformation of the saturated ring distorted toward the envelope with C8 at the tip as in BPT, in addition to the axial and pseudo-axial conformations of the hydroxy groups at C9 and C10 due to the near bay region. They may be considered generated by trans-opening of the oxirane ring in an anti-diol epoxide biologically active because it is highly strained. The strains, derived from the activation of bay-region PAHs with a negative torsion angle, seem greater in an anti-diol epoxide relative to the syn-isomer. Thus, when the strains are released, the derived trans-tetrol occurs with structural features, which seem to better fit the target. As a consequence, the presence of a methyl group at a bay region should increase the biological activity of a PAH, imposing greater strains to the structure of the anti-diol epoxide.
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  • 64
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 57 (1999), S. 807-821 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: bibliography ; critical temperature ; crystal structure ; CuRh2S4 ; CuRh2Se4 ; survey of chalcogenide superconductors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thread that runs through all research in the field of superconductivity is new physics through discovery of new materials. The knowledge of superconducting materials has become voluminous and complex. The comprehensive review of the superconducting materials is of particular importance. The main purpose of this report is to present the results of classification for chalcogenide superconductors. Superconducting critical temperature Tc, crystal-structure type and the references proper to these compounds are summarized. Brief survey of the superconductivity in chalcogen elements is also given. Furthermore, as representative sulfide and selenide, superconducting characteristics of CuRh2S4 and CuRh2Se4 will be shown.
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  • 65
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 257-267 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystal structure ; lattice energy ; lattice enthalpy ; lead salt of NTO ; preparation ; quantum chemical calculation ; thermal decomposition mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The single crystal of lead salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), [Pb(NTO)2(H2O)] was prepared and its structure was determined by a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The crystal is monoclinic, its space group is P21/n with crystal parameters of a=0.7262(1) nm, b=1.2129(2) nm, c=1.2268(3) nm, β=90.38(2)°, V=1.0806(2) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.97 g cm−3, µ=157.83cm−1, F(000)=888. The final R is 0.027. By using SCF-PM3-MO method we obtained optimized geometry for [Pb(NTO)2⋅H2O] and particularly positions for hydrogen atoms. Through the analyses of MO levels and bond orders it is found that Pb atom bond to ligands mainly with its 6pz and 6py AOs. The thermal decomposition experiments are elucidated when [Pb(NTO)2⋅H2O] is heated, ligand water is dissociated first and NO2 group has priority of leaving. Based on the thermal analysis, the thermal decomposition mechanism of [Pb(NTO)2⋅H2O] has been derived. The lattice enthalpy and its lattice energy were also estimated.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Nickel complex ; dithiocarbimate ; sulfonamide ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potassium N-4-methylphenylsulfonyldithiocarbimate, K2(4-CH3C6H4SO2N=CS2), reacted with nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate and tetrabutylammonium bromide to form the bis(N-4-methylphenylsulfonyldithiocarbimate)nickelate(II) tetrabutylammonium salt (Bu4N)2[Ni(4-CH3C6H4S2C=NSO2)2]. The elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis data obtained were consistent with the formation of a $${\text{nickel}}{\kern 1pt} - {\kern 1pt} {\text{sulfur}}$$ diamagnetic planar complex. The 1H NMR and the 13C NMR spectra showed the expected signals for the dithiocarbimate moiety and the tetrabutylammonium cation. The single-crystal structure analysis showed that this substance crystallizes in the triclinic $${P\bar 1}$$ space group with a = 10.474(3) Å, b = 10.767(3) Å, c = 13.657(3) Å and α = 81.54(2)°, β = 80.44(2)°, γ = 67.63(2)°, V = 1398.5(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The nickel atom is coordinated to four sulfur atoms.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone ; nitrosamine ; crystal structure ; molecular dimensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the carcinogenic nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone, 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone, has been determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The molecule is essentially planar except for the methylnitrosamine group which is oriented at a dihedral angle of 68.7° to the pyridine ring. Molecules pack by way of —H⋯O interactions that involve the —NNO group.
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  • 68
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 33 (1999), S. 321-330 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: crystal structure ; hexakis(2,3,6-triO-methyl)- α-cyclodextrin ; (R)-(-)-1,7-dioxaspiro ; {}[5.5]undecane ; chiral recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the 1 : 1 inclusion complex of hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)- α-cyclodextrin (TM αCD) with 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (spiroacetal) is orthorhombic, space group C2221, with a = 24.002(2), b = 14.812(1), c = 21.792(2) Å V = 7747.3(11) Å3 and Z = 8. The molecular six-fold axis of TM αCD coincides with the a two-fold crystallographic axis and the guest is located at the secondary methoxy group side, disordered over two positions related by that axis. The guest model used during the refinement is that of the (R)-enantiomer alone because trials to either refine a 1 : 1 mixture of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers or the (S)-enantiomer alone failed. The crystallographic evidence of enantioselectivity towards the (R)-enantiomer of spiroacetal was confirmed by independent experiments and may be attributed to numerous non bonding interactions between host and guest involving non conventional H-bonds.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: active site ; crystal structure ; iron binding motif ; isopenicillin N synthase ; mechanism of action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isopenicillin N synthase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics, catalyzing the oxidative ring closure of δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to form isopenicillin N. Recent advances in our understanding of the unique chemistry of this enzyme have come through the combined application of spectroscopic, molecular genetic and crystallographic approaches and led to important new insights into the structure and function of this enzyme. Here we review new information on the nature of the endogenous ligands that constitute the ferrous iron active site, sequence evidence for a novel structural motif involved in iron binding in this and related non-heme iron dependent dioxygenases, crystal structure studies on the enzyme and its substrate complex and the impact of these and site-directed mutagenesis studies for unraveling the mechanism of the isopenicillin N synthase reaction.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: x-ray ; crystal structure ; cocaine ; analogs ; QSAR ; CoMFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A QSAR and CoMFA study including 78 cocaine analogs has been completed. These analogs have varied functional groups on the 2β and 3β positions of the tropane ring and include various stereoisomers. The CoMFA program was used to calculate the steric and electrostatic interaction energies as a probe atom or probe charge interacts with the molecules. Shaded contour maps show regions of the cocaine analogs where an increase in bulky substituents is desirable for increased pharmacological activity. The maps also show that small electronegative substituents on the phenyl ring are favored for enhanced activity. The X-ray crystal structures of (–)-cocaine hydrochloride (1) and N-methyl-3β-(p-fluorophenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2) are reported. These molecules are mostly rigid except for some rotational flexibility in the orientation of the phenyl and benzoyl functional groups. Crystallographic data: (1) C17H21NO4·HCl, orthorhombic space group P212121, a = 7.622(1)Å, b = 10.285(1)Å, c = 21.428(3)Å, Z = 4, final R = 0.035 for 960 observed reflections (I〉3σ(I)). (2) C16H20FNO2, monoclinic space group C2, a = 22.572(7)Å, b = 5.810(1)Å, c = 15.752(4)Å, β = 133.65(2)°, Z = 4, final R = 0.059 for 1511 observed reflections (I〉3σ(I)).
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Cesium complexes ; crown ethers ; mercuric iodide ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of CsI and HgI2 with benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) and 15-crown-5 (15C5) in an ethanol-acetone mixture produced [Cs(B15C5)2]2[Hg2I6] (1) and {[Cs(15C5)]2[Hg2I6]}n (2), respectively. The structures of the two complexes are quite different. Molar ratios of Cs+ : crown ether are 1 : 2 in 1 and 1 : 1 in 2. Complex 1 consists of two Cs(B15C5) 2 + cations and a Hg2I 6 2- anion. Cs+ lies between the two crown-5 ligands, resulting in a sandwich-type cation. Cationic Cs(B15C5) 2 + and anionic Hg2I 6 2- are linked together by electrostatic interactions and the complex 1 is an ion pair compound. Complex 2 consists of infinite [Cs(15C5)]2[Hg2I6] units. Each structural unit contains two Cs(15C5)+ cations and a Hg2I 6 2- anion. Cs+ is coordinated by five oxygen atoms of 15C5, three iodine atoms of Hg2I 6 2- , and an iodine atom of Hg2I 6 2- in an adjacent structural unit. The interactions between the Cs+ of Cs(15C5)+ and an I− in Hg2I 6 2- from adjacent structural units polymerize the complex 2, resulting in a one-dimensional network structure. The anions of Hg2I 6 2- in both complexes are similar. The two mercury atoms are linked through two bridging iodine atoms and each mercury is also coordinated by two terminal iodines. Crystal data for 1: space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.253(4), b = 20.945(7), c = 16.110(6) Å, β = 111.0(1)°, V = 3860 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.082 (R w = 0.089). Crystal data for 2: space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.157(4), b = 8.546(4), c = 20.666(6) Å, β = 91.54(3)°, V = 2146 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.034 (R w = 0.048).
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  • 72
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    Journal of superconductivity 12 (1999), S. 403-408 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Superconductivity ; crystal structure ; Hg-based cuprate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The single-phased series of Sr-bearing Hg-1212 superconducting cuprate,(Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Sr1−x La x )Cu2O z has been prepared. X-ray diffraction showed that, the obtained samples belong to the 1212-structure with tetragonal space group P4/mmm, similar to that of (Hg, Mo)Sr2(Ca, Y)Cu2Oz, and stabilized in a wide compositional range of 0.25≤x≤0.75. Refinements of the structure are carried out in which the oxygen atoms at the (Hg, Mo) layer is shifted from high-symmetry position (0.5, 0.5, 0) to (x, x, 0). Magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements show that the as-prepared samples exhibit evidence for superconductivity and their superconducting properties were improved after O2 annealing with T onset c as high as 92 K.
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  • 73
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 33 (1999), S. 27-38 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: X-ray crystallography ; gossindane ; inclusion complexes ; H-bond ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gossindane, the oxidation product of gossypol, demonstrates inclusion properties towards four solvents chosen accidentally. The crystal data of these complexes with ethanol (I), ethylacetate (II), dichloromethane (III) and water (IV) are: (I): C26H30O6· 2C2H5OH, monoclinic, P2/c, a = 8.687(2) Å, b = 10.986(3) Å, c = 14.778(3) Å β = 110.94° V = 1317 Å3, Z = 2, R = 0.069, N = 1368; (II): C26H30O6· 0.5C4H8O2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.960(2) Å, b = 21.937(5) Å, c = 14.712(3) Å, β = 111.98(2)°, V = 2681 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.083, N = 2653; (III): C26H30O6· CH2Cl2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.886(2) Å, b = 21.778(6) Å, c = 14.996(4) Å, β = 111.31(3)°, V = 2704 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.131, N = 1580; (IV): C26H30O6·2H2O, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 29.422(9) Å, b = 6.720(2) Å, c = 27.525(9) Å, β = 117.43(2)°, V = 4830 Å3, Z = 8. R = 0.096, N = 2240. In the solvates H-bonded host molecules form bilayers with very similar structures and a nearly hydrophobic surface. Guest molecules are placed in channels formed between these bilayers and may be H- bonded to host molecules (ethanol). In the hydrate two water molecules using their H-bonding capacity incorporate gossindane molecules into bilayers.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: ion-selective membrane electrodes ; ionophores ; crystal structure ; tetraazacrown ethers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tetra-N-substituted 1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16-tetraazacyclooctadecanes (tetraazacrown ethers) (1-5) have been synthesised. Each compound was incorporated in a PVC membrane that provided the basis for a lead-selective potentiometric electrode. The electrode based on the 4,7,13,16-tetrathenoyl-1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16- tetraazacyclooctadecane (5) ionophore bearing four thenoyl functional subunits exhibited excellent lead (II) ion selectivity with only Ag+ and Hg2+ significantly interfering. The crystal structure of this host (5) has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Crystal data. C32H36N4O6S4, M 700.9, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a, 10.315(4), b, 13.635(2), c, 14.357(6)Å, β 124.63(2)°, V 1661.6(9)Å3, Dc 1.40 g cm-3, Z 2, μ Cu 29.90 cm-1. Final residuals R, Rw were 0.054, 0.082 for the observed data.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: unsymmetrical ditopic calixcrown ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Consecutive base-catalysed reactions of calix[4]arene with the ditosylates of two different polyetherdiols result in the relatively efficient production of an unsymmetrical calix biscrown-6 which, after reduction of an ethoxycarbonyl substituent to an hydroxymethyl group, has been characterised structurally by a room-temperature, single crystal X-ray study of its chloroform solvate. Crystals of ( 4), C53H62O13... ∼0.57CHCl3, are triclinic, P¯1, a 18.95(3), b 12.394(9), c 11.756(7) Å α 106.93(5), β 101.77(8), γ 94.63(8)°, Z = 2; R was 0.088 for 2231 ’observed' (I 〉 3σ(I)) diffractometer data.
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  • 76
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 33 (1999), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 ; succinonitrile ; glutaronitrile ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Formation of the host-guest compounds between isomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as hosts (DC18C6) and various dinitriles as guests has been observed. The structures of two representative compounds (cis-anti-cis-DC18C6...2(NCCH2CH2CN) ( I) and (cis-syn-cis-DC18C6...(NCCH2CH2CH2CN) ( II) were obtained using X-ray diffractometry. Crystal data: ( I) P=¯1, a = 8.586(3), b = 9.324(3), c = 10.714(4) Å α = 72.47(3)°, β = 73.57(3)°, γ = 72.37(3), R1 = 0.034, GooF 1.08, Z = 1; ( II) Pbca, a = 12.881(5), b = 17.887(8), c = 23.042(13) Å, R1 = 0.049, GooF 1.02, Z = 8. Both structures show weak C–-H...O interactions between α-methylene protons of dinitrile guest molecules and oxygen atoms of the macrocyclic host ring.
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  • 77
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 34 (1999), S. 221-233 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: extraction ; perrhenate ; calix[4]arene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The extraction of perrhenate with 25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy]-p-tert-butylcali x[4]arene ( L) into 1,2-dichloroethane was investigated. The presence of Na+ in the aqueous phase is necessary for the extraction. The extraction equilibrium has been established and the thermodynamic quantities ΔH°, TΔS° and log Kex are -61.3 kJ/mol, -41.4 kJ/mol and 3.69, respectively. The effect of diverse ions on the extraction of ReO4- was studied. The corresponding extracted complex [Na L]ReO4.H2O was prepared and characterized by EA, IR and X-ray structure analysis. The complex crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4ncc with a = b = 14.735(3), c = 29.094(3) Å, V = 6316(2) Å3, Z = 4.
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  • 78
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 34 (1999), S. 267-276 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: tetraoxaparacyclophane complex ; preparation ; crystal structure ; clathrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the 2:3 complex between cyclophane 1 and para-xylene has been determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study at 143 K. One para-xylene molecule is enclosed within the cavity formed by two molecules of the host cyclophane; this ensemble displays crystallographic inversion symmetry. The other independent para-xylene molecule is located on a general position in the intermolecular cavities of the crystal lattice. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P(-1) with a = 10β = 89.51(3), γ = 87.26(2)°, and Z = 1. Refinement based on 7539 unique reflections led to a final R(F) value of 0.0609.
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  • 79
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 35 (1999), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene ; crystal structure ; dioxane solvation ; exo molecular complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the molecular complex of C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene with dioxane has been determined by X-ray analysis. The asymmetric unit contains one host and four guest molecules. The calix[4]resorcinarene moiety adopts a bowl conformation with C4v symmetry. Four undecyl chains are axially oriented. Calix molecules are packed in a bowl-to-bowl fashion with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. One of the ‘hydrophilic’ dioxane molecules is located at the rim of the calix moiety and is hydrogen bonded to the other one. There is no interaction to attract, or direct the dioxane molecule into the interior of the cavity. There is an exo complex formed. The dioxane molecules – located in the hydrophobic part – are highly disordered.
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  • 80
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    Journal of cluster science 8 (1997), S. 521-531 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Zirconium clusters ; isocyanide ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first isocyanide ligated hexanuclear zirconium halide cluster is reported. The unoxidized [(Zr6Be)Cl12(CNXyl)6] (CNXyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide) was obtained from the solid state precursor K3Zr6Cl15Be by dissolution in CH3CN in the presence of CNXyl. The CNXyl ligands occupy all the axial positions on the cluster. The compound was recrystallized from CH2Cl2 and Et2O. [(Zr6Be)Cl12(CNXyl)6].2CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the space group $${\text{P}}\overline {\text{1}} $$ (#2) with a = 12.092(5) Å, b=12.728(5) Å, c = 14.102(8) Å, α = 104.98(4)°, β =107.11°, γ = 100.94°, V = 1919(2) Å3, Z = l, R = 11.3% and R W = 27.0%. For the bound isocyanide ligands, v CN increases to 2140 cm−1.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Rhenium ; dirhenium complexes ; rhenium–rhenium multiple bonds ; isocyanide ligands ; carbonyl ligand ; structural isomers ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of the unsymmetrical, coordinatively unsaturated dirhenium(II) complex [(XylNC)(OC)CIRe(μ-dppm)2ReCl2]O3SCF3 (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) with one equivalent of XylNC in CH2Cl2 affords a fifth structural isomer of the [Re2Cl3(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)2] + cation; this is believed to have a CO-bridged structure of the type [(XylNC)ClRe(μ-Cl)(μ-CO)(μ-dppm)2ReCl(CNXyl)]+. The latter complex reacts with a further equivalent of XylNC in the presence of Tl+ to form the [Re2Cl2(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)3]2+ cation, which has been shown by IR spectroscopy, and by the X-ray crystallographic characterization of its neutral congener Re2Cl2(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)3, to contain a very weak and unsymmetrical CO bridge.
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  • 82
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 569-586 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystal structure ; metal(II) picolinate and quinaldinate ; thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Complexes of the type M(Pa)2(HAz)2 and M(QA)2(HAz)2 (M=cobalt(II) and nickel(II); HPa=picolinic acid, HQa=quinaldic acid; HAz=azoles like imidazole (Him), pyrazole (HPz), benzimidazole (HBzIm) etc.) show a similar thermal behaviour. In the first step of decomposition the corresponding azolinium picolinates or quinaldinates (H2AzPa, H2AzQa) are split off with formation of polymeric mixed ligand complexes M(Pa)(Az) or M(Qa)(Az). X-ray analysis of Co(Qa)2(HBzIm)2 XIIIa illustrates a proton transfer and a subsequent thermal removal of benzimidazolinium quinaldinate (H2BzImQa): Hydrogen bridges from pyrrole nitrogen of the benzimidazole to the non-coordinated oxygen of the quinaldinate predetermine the thermal initiated proton transfer. The high volatility of the heterocyclic acids and the nitrogen coordination are responsible for the formation of the mixed ligand complex Co(Qa)(BzIm) XIVa. Exceptions are the complexes M(Pa)2(HPz)2 XIa-b and M(Qa)2(HIm)2 XVIIa-b. Pyrazole is eliminated from the complexes XIa-b with formation of the solvent-free inner complex M(Pa)2 XIIa-b. From compounds XVIIIa-b quinaldic acid or their decomposition products are split off and a high temperature modification of M(Im)2 XVIIIa-b is formed at elevated temperature. XVIIIa-b are decomposed to the cyanides M(CN)2 similarly to the thermal behaviour of Cu(Im). In the first step the thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole adducts of copper(II) picolinates and quinaldinates is characterized by the elimination of azoles. The reason for this thermal behaviour is the weaker coordination of the azole heterocycles in copper chelate compounds.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Tautomerism ; anthraquinone ; crystal structure ; semiempirical computations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Substituted 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-9-imines have been found to exhibit tautomeric interconversions between the 9,10- and 1,10-quinonoid forms in the solid state as well as in solution. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography was used to study the structures of 4-(N-acetyl-p-tolylamino)-9-amino-1,10-anthracenedione and 4-hydroxy-1-phenylamino-10-mesitylimino-9(10H)-anthracenone at ambient and low temperatures. The former compound gave crystals belonging to the monoclinic space group P2l/c and, at 295 K,a=9.684(2),b=16.371(3),c=12.097(2) å,Β=110.41(1)
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Benzopsoralen ; photochemotherapeutic agent ; crystal structure ; molecular mechanics ; AM1 theoretical calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 5-Methoxy-4-methyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-g]benzo-1-pyran-2-one was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined and compared with the optimal conformation arrived at by MM and AM1 theoretical calculations. The latter indicated that the tetracyclic skeleton is planar with total length (C2–C8) 9.23 å, and that the line joining the conters of the terminal-benzene and furan rings makes an angle of 30.5
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  • 85
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    Glycoconjugate journal 14 (1997), S. 677-690 
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: molecular dynamics ; crystal structure ; cellulose I and II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the crystal structures of the Iβ and II phases of cellulose. Structural proposals for each of these were made in the 1970s on the basis of X-ray diffraction data. However, due to the limited resolution of these data some controversies remained and details on hydrogen bonding could not be directly obtained. In contrast to structure factor amplitudes in X-ray diffraction, energies, as obtained from MD simulations, are very sensitive to the positions of the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms. Therefore the latter technique is very suitable for obtaining such structural details. MD simulations of the Iβ phase clearly shows preference for one of the two possible models in which the chains are packed in a parallel orientation. Only the parallel-down mode (in the definition of Gardner and Blackwell (1974) J Biopolym 13: 1975-2001) presents a stable structure. The hydrogen bonding consists of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds parallel to the glycosidic linkage for both chains, and two intralayer hydrogen bonds. The layers are packed hydrophobically. All hydroxymethyl group are positioned in the tg conformation. For the cellulose II form it was found that, in contrast to what seemed to emerge from the X-ray fibre diffraction data, both independent chains had the gt conformation. This idea already existed because of elastic moduli calculations and 13C-solid state NMR data. Recently, the structure of cellotetraose was determined. There appear to be a striking similarity between the structure obtained from the MD simulations and this cellotetraose structure in terms of packing of the two independent molecules, the hydrogen bonding network and the conformations of the hydroxymethyl group, which were also gt for both molecules. The structure forms a 3D hydrogen bonded network, and the contribution from electrostatics to the packing is more pronounced than in case of the Iβ structure. In contrast to what is expected, in view of the irreversible transition of the cellulose I to II form, the energies of the Iβ form is found to be lower than that of II by 1 kcal mol-1 per cellobiose.
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  • 86
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    Structural chemistry 8 (1997), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Dibenzanthracene ; trinitrobenzene complex ; trinitrobenzene complex ; π-complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the complex between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon di-benz[a,c]anthracene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is reported. The crystals are triclinic, space group P¯1 with unit cell dimensionsa=7.277(2) å,b=11.237(6) å, andc=13.902(5) å,α= 104.13(4)
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: small-angle scattering ; x-rays ; allosteric enzymes ; crystal structure ; rigid body modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Solution scattering curves evaluated from the crystal structures of the T and R states of the allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli were compared with the experimental x-ray scattering patterns. Whereas the scattering from the crystal structure of the T state agrees with the experiment, large deviations reflecting a significant difference between the quaternary structures in the crystal and in solution are observed for the R state. The experimental curve of the R state was fitted by rigid body movements of the subunits in the crystal R structure which displace the latter further away from the T structure along the reaction coordinates of the T→R transition observed in the crystals. Taking the crystal R structure as a reference, it was found that in solution the distance between the catalytic trimers along the threefold axis is 0.34 nm larger and the trimers are rotated by 11° in opposite directions around the same axis; each of the three regulatory dimers is rotated by 9° around the corresponding twofold axis and displaced by 0.14 nm away from the molecular center along this axis. Proteins 27:110-117 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: bactericidal antibody ; crystal structure ; Neisseria meningitidis ; peptide-fluorescein conjugate ; PorA outer membrane protein ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Class 1 outer membrane protein PorA of Neisseria meningitidis is a vaccine candidate against bacterial meningitis. Antibodies against PorA are able to induce complement-mediated bacterial killing and thereby play an important role in protection against meningococcal disease. Bactericidal antibodies are all directed against variable regions VR1 and VR2 of the PorA sequence, corresponding to loops 1 and 4 of a two-dimensional topology model of the porin with eight extracellular loops. We have determined the crystal structure to 2.6 Å resolution of the Fab fragment of bactericidal antibody MN12H2 against meningococcal PorA in complex with a linear fluorescein-conjugated peptide TKDTNNNL derived from the VR2 sequence of sero-subtype P1.7,16 (residues 180-187) from meningococcal strain H44/76. The peptide folds deeply into the binding cavity of the Fab molecule in a type I β-turn, with the minimal P1.16 epitope DTNNN virtually completely buried. The structure reveals H-bonds and van der Waals interactions with all minimal epitope residues and one essential salt bridge between Asp-182 of the peptide and His-31 of the MN12H2 light chain. The key components of the recognition of PorA epitope P1.16 by bactericidal antibody MN12H2 correspond well with available thermodynamic data from binding studies. Furthermore, they indicate the structural basis of an increased endemic incidence of infection by group B meningococci in England and Wales since 1981 associated with the occurrence of an Neisseria meningitidis escape mutant (strain MC58). The observed three-dimensional conformation of the peptide provides a rationale for the development of a synthetic peptide vaccine against meningococcal disease. Proteins 29:113-125, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: Brownian dynamics ; molecular recognition ; site-directed mutagenesis ; facilitated diffusion ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Human Cu,Zn SODs with single-site replacements of Lys-136 by Arg, Ala, Gln, or Glu or with a triple-site substitution (Glu-132 and Glu-133 to Gln and Lys-136 to Ala) were made to test hypotheses regarding contributions of these residues to Cu,Zn SOD activity. The structural effects of these mutations were modeled computationally and validated by the X-ray crystallographic structure determination of Cu,Zn SOD having the Lys-136-to-Glu replacement. Brownian dynamics simulations and multiple-site titration calculations predicted mutant reaction rates as well as ionic strength and pH effects measured by pulse-radiolytic experiments. Lys-136-to-Glu charge reversal decreased dismutation activity 50% from 2.2 × 109 to 1.2 × 109 M-1 s-1 due to repulsion of negatively charged superoxide, whereas charge-neutralizing substitutions (Lys-136 to Gln or Ala) had a less dramatic influence. In contrast, the triple-mutant Cu,Zn SOD (all three charges in the electrostatic triad neutralized) surprisingly doubled the reaction rate compared with wild-type enzyme but introduced phosphate inhibition. Computational and experimental reaction rates decreased with increasing ionic strength in all of the Lys-136 mutants, with charge reversal having a more pronounced effect than charge neutralization, implying that local electrostatic effects still govern the dismutation rates. Multiple-site titration analysis showed that deprotonation events throughout the enzyme are likely responsible for the gradual decrease in SOD activity above pH 9.5 and predicted a pKa value of 11.7 for Lys-136. Overall, Lys-136 and Glu-132 make comparable contributions to substrate recognition but are less critical to enzyme function than Arg-143, which is both mechanistically and electrostatically essential. Thus, the sequence-conserved residues of this electrostatic triad are evidently important solely for their electrostatic properties, which maintain the high catalytic rate and turnover of Cu,Zn SOD while simultaneously providing specificity by selecting against binding by other anions. Proteins 29:103-112, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,4-benzenedithiol ; 1,4-diethynylbenzene ; crystal structure ; solid-state polymerization ; layer structure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) was determined by the Rietveld method based on the calculation of the atomic coordinates of the BDT molecule using the Molecular Mechanics Program (MMP2). The refined crystal structure of BDT was monoclinic P21/c with dimensions, a = 7.795, b = 7.290, c = 5.955 Å, β = 92.16°, z = 2. The R factor of the refined structure was 0.038. Using above results, the mechanism of solid-state addition polymerization of BDT to 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) was studied. Sublimed BDT piles up onto glass plate substrate and forms the layer structure along with the a axis. An inclination angle of the piled BDT column was 60° toward the substrate surface. DEB crystal structure was also monoclinic P21/c with a = 4.007, b = 6.018; c = 15.340 Å, β = 91.42°, z = 2. Sublimation of equimolar mixture of BDT and DEB gave a crystal having 1 : 1 composition, in which DEB column is situated between the columns of BDT. Relative arrangement of both monomers was suitable for the addition of —SH and —C=CH groups, since the distance between the two groups is 3.3 Å by CERIUS II calculation. Therefore, the addition polymerization of BDT to DEB easily proceeded by UV irradiation and the resulting polymer had a highly layer structure along with the a axis of BDT crystal. Tentatively estimated crystal structure of polymer obtained is monoclinic with a = 7.73, b = 7.30, c = 5.95 Å, β = 92.16°. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1621-1625, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 27 (1997), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Bridged calix[4]arene ; ditopic receptor ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of a new solvate of the ditopic receptor 1,3-calix[4]-bis-crown-6, Bis-C6, and of 1,3-calix[4]-bis-(benzo-crown-6), Bis-benzoC6, are reported. Bis-C6.3 CH3CN (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 14.388(3), b = 26.947(8), c = 14.707(4) Å, β = 113.19(3)°, V = 5241(5) Å3, Z = 4. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.092 for 2723 reflections. The structure of (1) differs from the previously reported structure of Bis-C6.4 CH3CN by the conformation of one crown either chain. Two acetonitrile molecules are in the close neighbourhood of the crown ether cavities. Bis-benzoC6.3 CH3CN (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 10.391(4), b = 17.264(11), c = 30.426(9) Å, β = 94.62(3)°, V = 5440(7) Å3, Z = 4. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.106 for 2965 reflections. Two acetonitrile molecules are located near the crown ether cavities, as in (1). One of the crown ether conformations is the same as in the binuclear caesium complex of Bis-benzoC6, supporting the hypothesis of a preorganization of this ligand towards the complexation of this ion; the second crown ether chain is partially disordered.
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  • 92
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    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 28 (1997), S. 125-140 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: X-ray ; crystal structure ; Li-complex ; triamides ; 1H-NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the lithium complex with1,3,5-tris[oxymethylene(N,N-dicyclohexyl)carboxyamido]cyclohexanehas been determined by the X-ray method.The compound is triclinic, space group P¯1,a = 15.623(3), b = 19.279(4),c = 19.295(4)Å α = 102.32(3), β = 92.45(3),γ = 105.67(3)0, V = 5436(2)Å3, Z = 4. Itscomposition is represented by the formulaC48H82N3O6LiI 0.5H2O. The lithium cationis encapsulated in a polar pseudo-cavity of six oxygen atoms of the ligandmolecule and displays a distorted trigonal prism coordination. The conformationof the ligand in the solid state complex has been compared with the conformationof the complex in solution determined by 1H-NMR measurements. Supplementary data relevant to this publication have been deposited with the British Library, No. SUP 82224 (21 pages).
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  • 93
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    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 28 (1997), S. 17-32 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Azocrown ether ; azoxycrown ether ; sodium complexes ; crystal structure ; X-ray analysis ; conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sodium iodide complexes of 13-membered azo-(I)and azoxycrown ethers (II) have been synthesized. Compound I[Na(L1 trans)2]⋅I⋅H2O is triclinic witha = 11.53(2), b = 15.74(2), c = 19.17(2) Å,α = 98.93(9), β = 105.51(9),γ = 89.20(9) deg.; Z = 4, space groupP1. Compound II [Na(L2)2]⋅I is orthorhombic witha = 12.451(2), b = 13.796(3), c = 18.667(4)Å; Z = 4, space group P212121. In bothcomplexes the cation is coordinated tochain oxygen atoms and to one nitrogen atom of the azoor azoxy unit. The ability of bothligands to form complexes in relation to thegeometry of the azo or azoxy subunit of themacrocycle is discussed.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: β-Dimorph ; crystal structure ; dianilinegossypol ethylacetate 1 : 1 clathrate ; packing motifs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Depending on crystallization conditions, dianilinegossypol and ethylacetate form low (ambient temperature, α-phase) and high temperature (t = 35°C, β-phase) clathrate modifications. The structure of the α-phase has been discussed earlier [1]. Crystals of the 1 : 1 β-phase complex, C42H40O6N2·C4O2H8, are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 11.362(6), b = 19.479(9), c = 19.085(9) Å, β = 103.21(4)°, V = 4112(3)Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.084 for 3210 observed reflections. In these complexes centrosymmetric dimers of dianilinegossypol molecules formed via O(5)—H···O(3) hydrogen bonds are associated into columns by a weak O(8)—H···O(7) H-bond. A difference in the structure of these two phases is in the packing mode of the columns. The angle formed by intersecting host columns is about 126° for the α-phase and 104° for the β-modification. Guest molecules are hydrogen bonded to the host molecules via an O(1)—H···O(10) bond and are accommodated in channels in α-phase complex and in cavities in β-phase complex.
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  • 95
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 27 (1997), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Uranyl complexes ; calixarenes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of the inclusion complex between uranyl and p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene are reported. [UO2 (p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene-4H]2- · $${\text{2HNE}}_{{\text{t}}_{\text{3}} }^{\text{ + }} $$ &·2MeOH(1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 30.06(2), b = 18.20(3), c = 31.35(2) Å, β = 128.51(6)°, V = 13423(40) Å3, Z = 8. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.043 for 4155 reflections. The uranyl ion is bonded, in its equatorial plane, to the five oxygen atoms of the calixarene, four of which are deprotonated. A protonated triethylamine molecule is located inside the calixarene cavity and hydrogen bonded to a uranyl oxygen atom, and another one outside and hydrogen bonded to a calixarene oxygen atom. The calixarene conformation is the usual cone one.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; polyether ; crystal structure ; alkali metal ion binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ligand 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,27-di(phenylmethoxy)-26,28-di(2-methoxy-ethoxy)calix[4]arene,designed as an analogue of some calixcrown speciesin order to evaluate possible origins of their selectivity in alkali metal ion binding, has been synthesised and structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography. The crystals are monoclinic, P21/n, a = 15.940(6), b = 19.388(5), c = 20.020(5) Å,β = 109.10(2) deg., Z = 4, conventional R on |F| being 0.073 for 3454 independent, ’observed‘ (I 〉 3σ(I)) reflections. 1H-NMR studies in 1:1 CD3CN/CDCl3solvent have shown that the ligand exerts a strong preference for the lighteralkali metal ions (Li+ and Na+) contrary to the binding behaviour of knowncalixcrowns. This may reflect interactions restricted to the lower rim donor atoms without concomitant interaction with the calixarene π-electrons, perhaps because the latter interactions are substituted by those with the benzyl group π-electrons.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Dianilinegossypol ; crystal structure ; host–guest complexes ; H-bond ; α- and β-dimorphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dianilinegossypol forms a 1 : 2 host-guest complex with DMSO:monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 8.522(3), b = 18.034(4), c= 28.462(6) Å, β = 94.14(2)°, V = 4362Å3, Z = 4, D x = 1.26 g cm-3, T = 295 K.Final R value is 0.102 for 1793 observed reflections. A 1 : 1 : 1 adduct ofdianilinegossypol with 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dichloroethane is found to beisostructural with the dianilinegossypol complex with DMSO: monoclinic,space group P21/n, a = 8.281(2), b = 19.245(3), c = 27.970(7)Å, β = 95.18°, V = 4439 Å3, Z = 4, D x =1.28 g cm-3, T = 295 K. Final R value is 0.114 for 2458observed reflections.The host molecules are associated by O(4)—H ...O(3) H-bonds toinfinite chains running in the direction of the c-axis The chains areincorporated into layers through 1,4-dioxane or DMSO molecules havingH-bonds with dianilinegossypol molecules. Another DMSO or 1,2-dichloroethanemolecule is included as a guest in the channels formed between the layers.At 60 °C a cryptate-type inclusion complex of dianilinegossypol isformed with DMSO or 1,4-dioxane. It is isostructural with the acetonecomplex reported in Part IV of the present series.
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  • 98
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 29 (1997), S. 175-185 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene ; synthesis ; complexation ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene by the opening ofp-tert-butyldihomooxacalix [4]arene and the addition of a monomer has beenstudied. Various facets, including the effects of bases and the nature ofthe monomer added to the p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene, have beeninvestigated. p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene can be prepared in yields up to30%. The structure of its 1 : 2 complex with DMF has been determinedby X-ray crystallography. Crystals are triclinic, space group P¯1, a =1428.2(3) pm, b = 1837.3(3) pm, c = 1276.1(2) pm, α = 108.98(1)°,β = 105.02(2)°, γ = 95.21(1)°, Z = 2, D c = 1.059 kg m-3,final R value = 0.087. The macrocycle adopts a cone conformation, one guestenclosed inside the cavity, the other one outside.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 29 (1997), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Glycophane ; macrocycle ; carbohydrate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Preparation of two new glycophanes is reported. These compounds arecomprised of two glucose molecules linked by hydrocarbon units at the 1,1′ and 3, 3′ or 3, 3′ and 6, 6′ positions. Thecrystal structure of one of the glycophanes is also described.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 104-117 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Computational fluid dynamics methods are used to provide three-dimensional simulations of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) autoclave reactor under normal operating conditions. For the conditions used, the reactor is not very well mixed; thus, the common model approximation of a perfectly stirred reactor is not warranted. The simulations verify the sensitive nature of the polymerization reactors and indicate a need for optimizing operating parameters.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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