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  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1890-1899
  • 1999  (25)
  • Electron microscopy
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Years
  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1890-1899
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intimal-type primary sarcoma of the aorta (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Aorta ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an intimal sarcoma presenting as an aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old man suffered from chest pain and speech disturbance. Computed tomography showed a sacciform aneurysm of the aorta, which was resected, revealing a polypoid tumour measuring 1.5×2×2.5 cm projecting into the lumen. This proved to be a poorly differentiated high-grade sarcoma having morphological, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features consistent with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely rare. Many cases have been diagnosed as ”intimal” on the basis of their site of origin, and they are not easy to classify from their histological pattern. Electron microscopy and the use of a more comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers should be applied in the histological classification of ”intimal” sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050396
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanin pigmented oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 455-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Melanin ; Oncocytic metaplasia ; Nasopharynx ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 64-year-old man presented with a history of discomfort of the throat of a few weeks’ duration. Nasoscopic examination revealed multiple small, brown pigmentations at the left suprapharynx, the base of the left nasal cavity and the pharyngeal openings of the auditory tube on both sides. Microscopically, the lesion showed a glandular pattern of oncocytic epithelium with abundant pigmented granules and melanophages in the surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemically, the dendritic cells in the basal layer were positive for S-100 protein. Electron microscopic study revealed numerous fully melanized melanosomes and hypertrophied mitochondria in the oncocytic cells. Oncocytic cells do not produce melanin for themselves, melanin granules apparently being transferred from the adjacent dendritic cells to the oncocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A developmental study using three antibodies (VOBM1, VOBM2, and VOM2): immunocytochemical and electron microscopical analysis of the luminal surface of the rat vomeronasal sensory epithelium (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Vomeronasal organ ; Microvilli ; Monoclonal antibody ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The development of the rat vomeronasal organ was studied morphologically and immunocytochemically, using the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) VOBM1, VOBM2 and VOM2 that react with the luminal surface of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Postnatal day (P) 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and adult animals were examined. The vomeronasal organ and the blood vessel of the organ markedly increased in size and the vomeronasal glands increased in number between P7 and P14. At P35, the shape of the vomeronasal organ was similar to that of the adult but its size was slightly smaller. Electron microscopy showed that only a few scattered microvilli were present on supporting cells, and receptor cells were immature at P7. At P21, well-branched microvilli of the receptor cells and many microvilli of the supporting cells were observed on the luminal surface of the sensory epithelium. At P35, most apical endings of supporting cells and receptor cells were covered with numerous microvilli. Less developed areas were also present at the luminal surface of the epithelium at P35. At P7, immunoreactivities of the three antibodies were observed as discontinuous thin-layered bands only on the luminal surface of the sensory epithelium and no immunoreactivity was observed in other regions of the vomeronasal organ. Immunoreactivities of the VOBM1, VOBM2 and VOM2 increased with age and were observed as continuous thin-layered bands on the luminal surface of the epithelium by P35. These finding suggest that the development of the vomeronasal organ continues after birth and that the organ may reach maturity just before puberty (P42–49).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050222
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new combined Bodian-Luxol technique for staining unmyelinated axons in semithin, resin-embedded peripheral nerves: a comparison with electron microscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Unmyelinated fibers ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quantitation of unmyelinated fibers (UF) in peripheral nerves has classically relied upon ultrastructural morphometry. Because this method is time-consuming, it is not typically performed in routine analysis of nerve biopsies. We applied the Bodian-Luxol technique to detect unmyelinated axons by light microscopy on semithin sections from resin-embedded nerve tissue. Estimates were compared to ultrastructural counts. The staining appeared highly specific for axons. Excellent correlation was found between optic densities and the population of UF larger than 0.5 μm. The smallest profiles detected by light microscopy had a diameter close to 0.6 μm. This new technique is not a substitute for ultrastructural quantitative morphometry of UF, as very small unmyelinated axons, especially regenerating ones, can not be reliably visualized. However, it provides a valuable light microscopic method for evaluating axonal loss among UF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051088
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breached cerebral glia limitans-basal lamina complex in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Micropolygyria ; Electron microscopy ; Frontal lobe ; Perivascular space ; Dot-like structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have reported breaches of glia limitans (GL)-basal lamina (BL) complex with protruding neuroglial tissue in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) fetus brain and suggested that some basic deficits in the GL-BL complex may have a pivotal role in formation of micropolygyria in FCMD. We therefore investigated the cerebral GL-BL complex in seven FCMD cases (12–27 years of age), in three cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (17–25 years of age) and in two non-neurological controls (28 and 33 years of age). The frontal lobe cortex was examined immunocytochemically using antibodies against collagen type IV and laminin in each case, and ultrastructurally in an adult case of FCMD. In FCMD, the BL of the cortical surface was frequently breached with protruding neural tissue that ultrastructurally showed frequent synapses, neurites that had parallel arranged microtubules, and astrocytic processes. The outermost surface of this tissue was only partly lined by a BL. In the region of the gyral adhesion of micropolygyria, the perivascular space of the apparently entrapped meningeal blood vessels was occupied by neuroglial tissue, which is assumed to have invaded through the occasionally seen breaches of the perivascular GL-BL complex. Electron microscopy of the intruding tissue showed frequent synapses, microtubule-containing neurites and astrocytic processes. No breached GL-BL complex was found in any of the non-FCMD cases. These findings indicate that in FCMD, the cerebral GL-BL complex continues to have a crucial deficit with resulting breaches through which neuroglial tissue protrudes, promoting adhesion of the adjacent cerebral gyri during brain development before and after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051089
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor neuron disease with predominantly upper extremity involvement: a clinicopathological study (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 645-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Autopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Motor ; neuron disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two autopsy cases of motor neuron disease (MND) patients with an unusual type of muscular atrophy predominantly affecting the shoulder girdle and the upper extremities with proximal dominance. Both patients are considered to be clinically categorized into the El Escorial suspected form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At autopsy, they showed marked loss of spinal anterior horn cells accompanied by astrogliosis positively immunostained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody at the cervical level. At the lumbosacral level, anterior horn neurons were relatively well preserved and Bunina bodies, ubiquitin-positive skein-like inclusions and Lewy body-like inclusions were observed in the remaining neurons. In one patient, brain stem motor neurons (nerves V, VII, XII) and motor cortex, including Betz cells, were also affected and the corticospinal tracts were degenerated at the level of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Pathological findings of this patient are consistent with those of ALS. In the other patient, the motor cortex, brain stem motor nuclei and the corticospinal tracts were well preserved, which is pathologically compatible with progressive spinal muscular atrophy. These patients with such a peculiar pattern of progressive muscular atrophy should be placed in a subgroup of ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051131
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subretinal macrophages in the developing eye of eutherian mammals and marsupials (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Retina ; Development ; Retinal pigment epithelium ; Microglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Blood-borne mononuclear cells invade the developing retina via the hyaloid vasculature at the optic nerve head. Following removal of apoptotic cell debris they give rise to the network of resident microglia. The population of cells recently described in the peripheral subretinal space of developing human eyes may represent a further population of macrophages destined to become microglia. The aim of the present study was to confirm the presence of subretinal macrophages in the developing eye in other mammalian species and perform preliminary immunophenotypic analysis in rat tissues. The range of species chosen included eutherian mammals (rat and rabbit) and marsupials (wallaby and opossum). Ocular tissues from a range of developmental stages were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Distinctive networks of dendriform and pleomorphic macrophages were observed by scanning electron microscopy in the peripheral subretinal space of D2 rabbits, newborn and D2 rats and D75 wallaby. Transmission electron microscopic studies of D2 rabbit, newborn and D2 rat and all ages of North American opossum revealed cells with the ultrastructural features of macrophages in the peripheral subretinal space, cilio-retinal junction and between ciliary epithelial cells. Preliminary immunoperoxidase studies using a panel of anti-leukocyte monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections of rat ocular tissues (newborn, D2 and D4) revealed ED1+ Ox42+ ED2+ but Ox6– cells in the peripheral subretinal space, peripheral retina and ciliary body epithelia. The data confirms that subretinal macrophages are a feature of the developing eye in a broad range of mammalian species and immunophenotypic evidence leads the author to postulate that these cells arise from the ciliary body vasculature and may migrate into peripheral neural retina and mature into resident microglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050303
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of human liver and brain ferritin (1999)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 28 (1999), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Human liver ; Human brain ; Ferritin ; Electron microscopy ; Mössbauer spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Human brain (globus pallidus) and liver tissues were investigated by means of electron microscopy (EM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and SQUID magnetometry techniques. Based on MS measurements, the iron present was identified to be in the ferritin-like form (61–88%) and in the form of a low-spin iron species (the balance). Its overall concentration was estimated as 1.5(3) mg in the brain and 2.4(5) mg in the liver, per gram of lyophilized tissue. The average core diameter was determined by EM measurements to be equal to 7.5(1.3) nm for the liver and 3.3(5) nm for the brain. Magnetization measurements carried out between 5 and 300 K yielded an estimation of an average blocking temperature, KT BL, as equal to 6.7 K and 8.5 K for the liver and the brain, respectively. From the dependence of KT BL on the external magnetic field it was concluded that the ferritin-like cores in the studied samples can be regarded as non-interacting particles. Finally, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant was determined to be 6×103 J/m3 for the liver and 4×104 J/m3 for the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infraterminal spreading and extrajunctional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in denervated rat skeletal muscle (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 426-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Acetylcholine receptor ; Nicotinic ; Denervation supersensitivity ; Neuromuscular junction ; α-Bungarotoxin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Through the use of biotinylated-bungarotoxin and monoclonal antibodies, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was localized in the subneural apparatus of mammalian motor end plates of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle of the adult rat at the light and electron microscopic levels. Under normal conditions, nAChR was located in the primary post-synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, and the depths of the junctional folds constituting the secondary post-synaptic membrane did not contain any nAChR. Up to 75 days after repeated transection of the related motor nerve (sciatic), there was no major alteration in the light-microscopic localization of junctional nAChR in the subneural apparatus, except for a moderate shrinkage and increased immunocytochemical reactivity of the subneural apparatus. At the electron microscopic level, however, immunocytochemical reactivity gradually occupied the entire extent of the secondary post-synaptic membrane, including the depths of the junctional folds, which exhibited extensive branching. In non-innervated portions of the muscle fibers, nAChR receptor appeared in a linear localization on the surfaces of denervated muscle fibers. This linear reaction was not continuous with the nAChR reaction of the motor end plates. It is concluded that denervation supersensitivity might not be due to spreading of junctional nAChR from the end-plate area, but rather to expression of nAChR in non-innervated portions of the muscle fiber and to the infraterminal (subsynaptic) spreading of nAChR into the depths of junctional folds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050699
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of synapses in axotomized adult cat spinal motoneurons after reinnervation into muscle (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Nerve injury ; Nerve repair ; Retrograde reaction ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Peripheral axotomy of adult cat spinal motoneurons induces a marked loss of synaptic boutons from the cell bodies and dendritic trees. The aim of the present study was to analyze the recovery of synaptic contacts in axotomized motoneurons following reinnervation into muscle. Adult cat spinal motoneurons were first deprived of their muscular contacts for 12 weeks and, then, allowed to reinnervate their target muscle. Two years later, regenerated motoneurons were labeled with horseradish peroxidase to allow quantitative ultrastructural analyses of the synaptic covering of the cell bodies and dendrites. Presynaptic boutons were classified according to their size and the shape of their synaptic vesicles. Results show that a recovery of synaptic covering occurs in the axotomized neurons after muscle reinnervation, but it affects various bouton types to different degrees. The number of S-type boutons synapsing with the soma was 70% higher after reinnervation than at 12 weeks after axotomy, while the number of F-type boutons had increased by only 13%. Compared with the normal situation, the number of S-type boutons synapsing with the proximal dendrites increased from 82% at 12 weeks after axotomy to 180% in the reinnervated state. In conclusion, in adult cat spinal motoneurons, the reestablishment of muscular contact is followed by a normalization of some of the synaptological changes induced by a prolonged state of axotomy. In certain respects restitution is incomplete, but in others it results in overcompensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050653
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase and aggregation behaviour of double-chain cationic surfactants from the class of N-alkyl-N-alkyl′-N, N-dimethylammonium bromide surfactants (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 856-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Double chain surfactants ; Aggregates ; Phase diagrams ; Lamellar phases ; Electron microscopy ; SANS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We present the phase diagrams and the properties of newly synthesised double-chain cationic N-alkyl-N-alkyl′-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide surfactants [C x C y DMABr (x = 12, 14 and 16; y = 10, 11, 12, 14 and 16)]. All the systems studied form liquid-crystalline lamellar phases but with different morphologies: unilamellar vesicles at low surfactant concentrations, multilamellar vesicles and tubular aggregates for surfactant concentrations between 2 and 10 wt% and at even higher concentrations planar bilayers of surfactant molecules in the classical Lα phase. The phase diagrams were determined with macroscopic and microscopic methods (polarisation microscopy, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy). The properties of the surfactant solutions were determined with differential scanning calorimetry measurements for Krafft point determination and small-angle neutron scattering measurements for interlamellar spacing and bilayer thickness. Finally, conductivity and viscosity measurements for phase characterisation were carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050462
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of colloids and films of Pr, Er and Yb with nonaqueous solvents (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 164-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Keywords Nanostructures ; Thin films ; Vapor deposition ; Electron microscopy ; Optical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Colloidal dispersions of Yb, Er and Pr have been prepared by chemical liquid deposition. The metals were cocondensed at 77 K with 2-methoxyethanol and ethanol to produce solvated metal atoms. The particle size of the dispersions was determined by transmission electron microscopy to range from 52 to 1080 Å; the particles had spherical shapes. After solvent evaporation under vacuum, active solids and amorphous powder were deposited over Cu and Al metal. Dispersion stability, particle size, UV/Vis absorption and zeta potential were studied. The solids prepared by solvent evaporation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The films prepared on Al were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The most stable colloid was obtained using 2-methoxyethanol: several concentrations were stable for several months and the zeta potential indicated that this colloid stability is mainly due to solvation effects. FTIR spectroscopy of the solids indicated solvent incorporation in the film. This observation was corroborated by thermal analysis. Information on the thermal stability of the films was obtained by TGA. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum was measured at several concentrations under different conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050381
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle and skin biopsies are a sensitive diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of CADASIL (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words CADASIL ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Skin biopsy ; Muscle biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a microangiopathic syndrome. Although the defective gene has been identified, genetic analysis may be effort some due to its large size and various mutations. Providing a reliable diagnostic marker would therefore be helpful. Electron microscopy has revealed characteristic electron-dense granular deposits in the basal lamina of vessels of patients with CADASIL. We investigated the sensitivity of skin and muscle biopsies for diagnosing CADASIL. We examined 30 family members of three unrelated German families affected by CADASIL. In 14 of the 21 affected individuals we performed skin and muscle biopsies; two patients were clinically asymptomatic. Under electron microscopy all muscle and skin biopsy specimens showed patches of granular and electron-dense material in the basal layer of both arterioles and capillaries. These findings confirm that general microangiopathy is a typical feature of this syndrome and is present in the early phase of the disease with or without clinical manifestation. Thus, as electron microscopy of skin biopsy specimens can establish the diagnosis of CADASIL with high certainty, it may be considered the method of first choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050398
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comprehensive analysis of selected diagnostic methods with respect to their usefulness in evaluating the biology of neoplastic cells in patients with laryngeal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Laryngeal cancer ; p53 ; Oncoprotein ; Ki67 ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ; DNA ploidy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The difficult and complicated mechanism of cancer development with little knowledge about the biology of existing cancers can lead to a permanent search for new examination techniques to improve the precision of life expectancy in patients and the selection of the most efficient methods of treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze certain prognostic factors, i.e., p53, Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), DNA ploidy and cell proliferating activity, as well as the degree of morphological differentiation and cell maturity evaluated on an ultrastructural level in patients with laryngeal cancers in connection with data obtained from follow-up examinations and the clinical course of the disease. Neoplastic tissue was taken from 120 patients with laryngeal cancers. All underwent surgical treatment, radiotherapy and combined treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology, Karol Marcinkowski University School of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, and the Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University, Bergen, Norway. Before beginning treatment all patients underwent histological verification of their neoplastic tissues. Histopathological examination proved that the majority of cases (95%) had a squamous cell carcinoma. The occurrence of changes within the lymph nodes of the neck (N) was significantly correlated with T, S, Ki67, metastases to lymph nodes, DNA ploidy, site and surgery performed. The degree of clinical progression (S) was intercorrelated with T, N, p53, Ki67, PCNA, DNA ploidy, site and laryngectomy. The occurrence of oncoprotein p53 in neoplastic cells was measured by the staining degree of their nuclei and was correlated with T, S, DNA ploidy, metastases to lymph nodes, PCNA and site. The degree of staining of neoplastic cells for the nuclear antigen Ki67 was correlated to T, N, G, S, DNA ploidy, metastases to lymph nodes and surgical treatment. The proliferative antigen PCNA in the examined population of patients was intercorrelated with T, p53, Ki67, metastases to lymph nodes and surgical treatment. The results obtained from DNA flow cytometry could be associated with N, G, p53, Ki67 and metastases to lymph nodes. On the basis of the results obtained, the techniques suggested for the morphological and biological evaluation of neoplastic cells in cancer of the larynx should include TNM classification + G + DNA + p53 + Ki67.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050252
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytoskeleton of the myenteric neurons during murine embryonic life (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 459-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Microtubules ; Neurofilaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The organization of the cytoskeleton has been studied during mouse differentiation in cells of the myenteric neuronal lineage. The entire gut was examined starting from day 12.5 of embryonic life (E12.5) until birth (P0). Immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of five of the most represented neurofilaments proteins (the low, NF-L, medium, NF-M, and heavy, NF-H, molecular weight subunits, α-internexin and peripherin) and of two of the microtubule-associated proteins (MAP1 and MAP2a+2b). In parallel, the appearance in the differentiating myenteric neurons of filamentous and microtubular structures and their intracytoplasmatic distribution were observed under the electron microscope. A differential immunohistochemical expression of the structural proteins was found. Immature cells expressed α-internexin, peripherin, NF-M and MAP1 by day E12.5; α-internexin expression was strong in these cells, but gradually decreased with age and was practically absent in adulthood. Conversely, the expression of the other three proteins increased with cell differentiation and was still present in adulthood. NF-L and NF-H expression appeared later, by day E16.5, and was weak for the entire pre- and postnatal life. MAP2a+2b was never expressed. Under the electron microscope, at day E12.5 the cytoskeleton was already organized in filamentous and microtubular structures. At this age neurofilaments were few and mainly located in the cell processes, and microtubules were numerous and mainly assembled in the neuritic growth cones, together with synaptic vesicles. With ageing, neurofilaments and microtubules were ubiquitous in the neuron. Data obtained demonstrate that cytoskeletal proteins gradually accumulate in the cells of the neuronal lineage in parallel with the organization of the cytoskeletal structures, which in turn mediate important neural events by the earliest stages of murine embryonic life, including growth of nerve processes and initiation of axonal transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050244
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by SRSVs from 1987 to 1992 in Kyushu, Japan: Four outbreaks associated with oyster consumption (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 15 (1999), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Epidemiology ; Non-bacterial Gastroenteritis ; Oyster ; Small round structured viruses (SRSVs)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From 1987 to 1992, 18 outbreaks of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis occurred in Kyushu district. The most common symptoms were diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramp. Small round structured viruses (SRSVs) were detected in 52 (44.8%) of 116 stool samples from 17 outbreaks by the electron microscopy (EM) method, and a significant increase in the antibody level was noted in 42 (80.7%) of 52 paired serum samples from 12 outbreaks by the immune electron microscopy (IEM) method and in 18 (51.4%) of 35 samples from 8 outbreaks by the western blot (WB) method. However, according to the WB method, antigen-antibody reaction was not observed to reference antigen strips (SRSV-9/Tokyo 86-510, 63kDa) in three of the 8 outbreaks. The detected virus was regarded as an etiologic agent for these outbreaks. In four of 5 outbreaks which appeared associated with eating raw oysters, there was a close relation between SRSV infection and consumption of raw oysters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007543924543
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metaphase-specific cell death in meiotic spermatocytes in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Electron microscopy ; Meiosis ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; TUNEL ; Mouse (10 strains)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Apoptosis of male germ cells is a widespread but little-understood phenomenon in many animal species. The elucidation of its mechanisms could be useful in the understanding of male infertility. We have examined the distribution of dying cells with the terminal transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and by an electron-microscopic procedure in the testes of 10 mouse strains, viz., C57BL/10 (B10), SL/NiA (SL), C57BL/6 (B6), C3H/He (C3H), BALB/c (BALB), DBA2 (DBA), CBA/J (CBA), MRL/MpJ-+/+ (M+), MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (lpr), and wild-type NJL mice (Mus musculus musculus). In the testes of the B10, NJL, SL, B6, C3H, BALB, DBA, and CBA mice, very few TUNEL-positive cells are distributed in the seminiferous tubules, whereas in the testes of the M+ and lpr mice, many TUNEL-positive cells, which are restricted to stage XII seminiferous tubules, have been identified. The most important finding is that many metaphases of meiotic spermatocytes show a marked TUNEL-positive reaction. Some metaphases show apoptotic morphology electron-microscopically. These results suggest that the testes of MRL strains will provide a useful model for the study of the mechanism of metaphase-specific apoptosis in meiotic spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051296
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high-level oxygen exposure on the peroxidase activity and the neuromelanin-like pigment content of the nerve net in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Neuromelanin ; Neuron ; Peroxidase ; Oxygen metabolism ; High-definition light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Substantia nigra ; Lumbricusterrestris (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical examination of 1-μm tissue sections from the dorsal nerve plexus of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, reveals multiple brown intraneuronal granules. These granules contain material morphologically and histochemically consistent with neuromelanin. When viewed with transmission electron microscopy, these were seen as single membrane-enclosed biphasic granules with diameters of 370–730 nm. Exposure of L. terrestris to high-level environmental oxygen resulted in an increase in the number of neuromelanin-like pigment granules within the neurons of the circular muscle layer. As measured by ortho-phenylenediamine hydrochloride, the endogenous peroxidase activity of extracts from worms incubated in high-level environmental oxygen was 51% more than controls. The endogenous peroxidase activity was localized in situ with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and was found to increase in and around the neuromelanin-like pigment-containing neurons within the circular muscle layer. These studies suggest that the nerve net of L. terrestris may serve as a model to study the role of neuromelanin production in oxidative stress and its relationship to endogenous peroxidases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051241
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Op/op mice defective in production of functional colony-stimulating factor-1 lack macrophages in muscularis externa of the small intestine (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; F4/80 ; CSF-1 ; Kit-receptor ; Mouse (op/op)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The osteopetrotic (op/op) mutant mouse possesses an inactivating mutation in the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) gene, which results in the absence of certain macrophages and in osteopetrosis, following a lack of osteoclasts. Studies of the op/op mouse indicate that CSF-1-dependent tissue macrophages may belong to a trophic and/or scavenger subpopulation, which through their effect on other cell types can significantly affect tissue functions, and that cells which are CSF-1 independent have antigen presentation and immunological functions.We have previously identified a cell system of regularly distributed macrophages in the muscularis externa of the small intestine and wanted to extend these studies to the op/op mouse.The present investigations with light- and electron-microscopic methods using fluorescent dextran, methylene blue and immunohistochemistry (F4/80, anti-kit receptor, anti-CD3, anti-CD45R/B220) show that macrophages are absent from the muscle layers, with only an occasional macrophage present in the subserosa. In the lamina propria and submucosa, macrophage numbers are reduced. In all other respects the muscularis externa appears normal, including normal organization and number of interstitial cells of Cajal. Control and op/op mice both lack cells expressing CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD45R/B220 (B lymphocytes) and mast cells in the muscularis externa. This leaves the muscularis externa macrophages as the most likely source of local cytokine production under such conditions as postoperative ileus and intussusception in infants, where the muscularis externa appears to be one target of cytokines. We conclude that the lack of macrophages, combined with the preservation of otherwise normal structure, will make the op/op mouse a valuable model by which to assess the functions and relative importance of the muscularis externa macrophages in relation to intestinal motility under normal and pathological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051254
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caveolin and its cellular and subcellular immunolocalisation in lung alveolar epithelium: implications for alveolar epithelial type I cell function (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Caveolin ; Caveolae ; Lung ; Alveolar epithelial type I cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Rat (CD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasmalemma which pinch off to form discrete vesicles within the cell cytoplasm. Biochemically, caveolae may be distinguished by the presence of a protein, caveolin, that is the principal component of filaments constituting their striated cytoplasmic coat. Squamous alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) cells, comprising approximately 95% of the surface area of lung alveolar epithelium, possess numerous plasmalemmal invaginations and cytoplasmic vesicles ultrastructurally indicative of caveolae. However, an ultrastructural appearance does not universally imply the biochemical presence of caveolin. This immunocytochemical study has utilised a novel application of confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy unequivocally to localise caveolin-1 to ATI cells. Further, cytoplasmic vesicles and flask-shaped membrane invaginations in the ATI cell were morphologically identified whose membranes were decorated with anti-caveolin-1 immunogold label. Coexistent with this, however, in both ATI and capillary endothelial cells could be seen membrane invaginations morphologically characteristic of caveolae, but which lacked associated caveolin immunogold label. This could reflect a true biochemical heterogeneity in populations of morphologically similar plasmalemmal invaginations or an antigen threshold requirement for labelling. The cuboidal alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATII) also displayed specific label for caveolin-1 but with no ultrastructural evidence for the formation of caveolae. The biochemical association of caveolin with ATI cell vesicles has broad implications for the assignment and further study of ATI cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051217
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types, numbers and distribution of synapses on the dendritic tree of an identified visual interneuron in the brain of the locust (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 645-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) ; Identified neuron ; Vesicles ; Electron microscopy ; 3-D reconstruction ; Locust ; Schistocercagregaria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), an identified descending interneuron in the brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria has been investigated by using light and electron microscopy. We describe the fine structure, distribution and numbers of synapes that it receives from another identified brain neuron, the lobular giant movement detector (LGMD), and from unidentified neurons. The DCMD dendrites emerging from the integrative segment vary in form and number between individuals and sexes but always form a flattened dendritic domain. The arborizations and the integrative segment appear to be exclusively postsynaptic. Two types of synaptic contacts (Type 1 and 2) onto the DCMD can be discerned as having either round (Type 1) or pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (Type 2) and by large (Type 1) or small (Type 2) subsynaptic appositions. Contact zones of Type 1 synapses are smaller than those of Type 2. LGMD-synapses are of Type 1 and occur intermingled with presynaptic sites of unidentified units. Some branches of the DCMD receiving input from unidentified units are devoid of contacting LGMD processes. Synapses of both types are randomly distributed over the DCMD integrative segment and at fibres with similar sizes.Type 1 synapses are much more frequent than Type 2 synapses and their number is negatively correlated with fibre diameter. For a whole DCMD dendritic arborization, a total of 8500 active zones of chemical synapses has been calculated, including a mininum of 2250 LGMD-synapses and about 1000 Type 2 synapses. The DCMD may thus receive a considerable amount of input from as yet unidentified neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051325
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Docetaxel-induced apoptosis in the mitotic phase: electron microscopic and cytochemical studies of human leukemia cells (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Docetaxel ; Human leukemia cell ; DNA fragmentation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We induced apoptosis in cells of the human leukemia cell line HL-60 using an antitumor agent, docetaxel (Taxotere), and investigated apoptosis in various aspects using in situ end-labeling (ISEL) of DNA, DNA fragmentation assay, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy. Because it inhibits depolymerization of tubulin, docetaxel is thought to arrest the cell cycle at the mitotic stage and to exert an antitumor effect. In this study, accumulation of docetaxel-treated cells at the G2/M phase was detected using flow cytometry. On ISEL of DNA, DNA fragmentation was observed at the mitotic stage. On electron microscopy, the nuclei of apoptotic cells lost their nuclear membranes, as do cells at mitosis, demonstrating that the cells were arrested mainly at the M phase in the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050024
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal stromal tumor ; Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were studied by immunohistochemical analysis and an ultrastructural procedure. The tumor locations were as follows: esophagus (2), stomach (7), small intestine (3), and large intestine (4). Four of the lesions were classified as malignant, 2 as borderline, and 10 as benign. On the basis of the immunohistochemical analysis, the tumors were classified as follows: 1 as myogenic type, 2 as Schwann cell type, 8 as Cajal cell type (including 2 gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors, GANTs), and 5 as mixed-cell type. In each subtype the phenotype was compared to the ultrastructural findings. Myogenic and Schwann cell type revealed ultrastructurally smooth muscle differentiation and schwannian tumor. All 8 tumors of the Cajal cell type revealed interdigitating cytoplasmic processes with occasional clusters of filopodia. Two tumors were subdivided as GANT. Five tumors of mixed-cell type were composed of a mixture of cells with variable myogenic features or variable neural differentiation. We confirmed in this study that immunohistochemical analysis reflected electron microscopic findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050005
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the parotid gland (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 122-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ; Parotid gland ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the parotid gland is presented with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare and is often difficult to distinguish from malignant lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. Under light microscopy, the tumor cells consisted of solid sheets and nests of small tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for KL-1 and EMA, and focally positive for NSE and synaptophysin. Observation using an electron microscope showed membrane-bound neuroendocrine granules in some tumor cells. Histological evaluation indicated that the present case was small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, showing a neuroendocrine variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050018
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of cytochemical ecto-ATPase activities in keratin 8-deficient FVB/N mouse livers (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Keratin ; Bile canaliculi ; Ecto-ATPase ; Transgenic mice ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 are the intermediate filament proteins that are expressed in hepatocytes. A K8-deficient FVB/N mouse is a unique animal model for assessing the contribution of keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) to the structural and functional integrity of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from homozygous (−/−) K8-deficient mice manifest a reduced bile acid secretion and an increased fragility to mechanical stress and hepatotoxic drugs. Hepatocytes from heterozygous (+/−) mice are more susceptible to drug-induced injury. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that hepatocytes from (+/−) mice maintained K8 IFs and F-actin that are similar to those in wild-type (+/+) mouse hepatocytes. In (−/−) mouse hepatocytes, K8 protein was negative and F-actin presented a coarse and irregular pattern. Ecto-ATPase, detected by enzyme histochemistry and observed by electron microscopy, was reduced in the bile canaliculi of both (+/−) and (−/−) mouse livers, in comparison with that of (+/+) mouse livers. These results reveal for the first time different microscopical findings regarding the livers of these three genotypes. They also suggest that the reduction of ecto-ATPase plays a role in the increased fragility of (+/−) and (−/−) mouse livers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050004
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