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  • 1980-1984  (1,076)
  • 1982  (517)
  • 1980  (559)
  • Physics  (1,075)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regular copolymers derived from bis(2-oxazolines). II.Part I, ref. 6. Synthesis of polyamides and polyamide-imides containing oxyethylene linkages (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New diamines containing amide and oxyethylene linkages were prepared by reduction of the corresponding dinitro compounds which were obtained by the reaction of p-nitrophenol with arylenebis(2-oxazolines) in dimethylformamide at 130°C. Moderate- to high-molecular-weight polyamides and polyamide-imides containing oxyethylene linkages were prepared by the polycondensation of the diamines with diacid chlorides and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, respectively. The polyamides were soluble in dimethylacetamide containing 5% of lithium chloride and dichloroacetic acid, while the polyamide-imides dissolved only moderately in the latter solvent. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermo-oxidative decomposition started at 310-330°C and at around 325°C for the polyamides and polyamide-imides, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some 1-substituted quaternary imidazolium compounds and related polymers: Qualitative and quantitative infrared analysis (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 783-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was found that 1-substituted quaternary imidazolium compounds show some characteristic infrared (IR) activity. On quarternization of 1-substituted imidazoles strong absorption bands appeared at about 1150 and 1550 cm-1 in the IR spectra of these compounds. The band at 1150 cm-1 was assigned to the position 2 C-H bending mode and the 1550 cm-1 band was attributed to a ring vibration mode of the quaternary imidazolium compounds. The concentration of the quaternary imidazolium units in a polymer can be determined by measuring the intensity of the absorption bands at 1150 or 1550 cm-1 in relation to another suitable absorption band of the spectrum.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the Ce4+/thiourea redox system (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide (M) initiated by the Ce4+/thiourea (TU) redox system has been studied in an aqueous sulfuric acid medium at 35 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of polymerization is governed by the expression \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$R_p = K_p [{\rm M}]^{1.20} [{\rm Ce}^{{\rm 4 +}}]^{0.5} [{\rm TU}]^{0.5}$$\end{document} The activation energy is 5.9 kcal deg-1 mol-1 in the investigated temperature range 30-50°C. The molecular weight is directly proportional to the concentration of monomer and inversely proportional to the catalyst concentration. With increasing concentration of DMF molecular weight decreases. The range of concentrations for which these observations hold at sulfuric acid concentration of 2.5 × 10-2 mol/L are [monomer] = 5.0 × 10-2-3.0 × 10-1, [catalyst] = (5.0-15.0) × 10-4, and [activator] = (1.0-6.0) × 10-3 mol/L.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfonation and subsequent rections of ethylidene norbornane and dihydrodicyclopentadiene. The chemistry of some small molecule models for EPDM rubbers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 875-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionomers prepared by the sulfonation of EPDM rubbers have been the subject of considerable investigation with regard to their remarkable bulk and solution properties; however, relatively little is known about the chemistry of the sulfonation and the structure and subsequent reactions of the sulfonated intermediates. This article reports an effort to enlarge our understanding of sulfonate ionomers by examining the chemistry of small molecule analogs of the olefinic sites which are present in low concentrations in EPDMs. Ethylidene norbornane (ENBH) and dihydrodicyclopentadiene (DCPDH) were synthesized as models for EPDMs which use ethylidene norbornene and dicyclopentadiene as their respective termonomers. The sulfonated products from the two models were quite different, a sultone with a rearranged carbon skeleton being formed in the former case and a remarkable regiospecific sulfonic acid in the latter. Conditions necessary for hydrolysis and ammonolysis were established, the former proceeding essentially by a substitution mechanism, the latter via a retro-Wagner Meerwein elimination. Rate studies showed the importance of solvent effects in these sulfonation reactions which were attributed to a combination of site reactivity and acetylsulfate solubility. Mixed solvents were effective in improving reactivity while maintaining the solvency necessary for EPDM polymers. The results of this model study are being used as a guide in studies of EPDM polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of mixtures of styrene and acrylamide onto cellulose acetate. I. Effect of solvents (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 939-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The grafting of styrene and acrylamide, from both their binary and unitary systems, on cellulose acetate film was studied by means of the cobalt-60 postirradiation grafting technique. The extent of grafting was found to be dependent on preirradiation dose, reaction time, and temperature, and the optimum conditions were evaluated. The effect of solvents, e.g., water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol were studied. The composition of the binary mixture as well as the nature of the alcohol used as the solvent were found to have a strong influence in modifying the course of grafting. Each component of the binary monomer mixture was found to sensitize the grafting of the other, when the former is present in relatively large concentration. The observed results are discussed in detail in terms of relative molecular reactivity and reactivity ratios.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, polymerization, and copolymerization of lactam-substituted styrenes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 987-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four new substituted styrene derivatives carrying lactam rings (2-pyrrolidone or 2-piperidone) in para position have been synthesized, namely 4-(2-oxo-3-methylene-pyrrolidinyl)styrene, 4-(2-oxo-3-methylene-piperidinyl)styrene, 4-(p-styryl)-2-pyrrolidone, and 4-(p-styryl)-2-piperidone. Their homopolymerization and copolymerization with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid have been considered. By ring opening of the side lactam groups, the homopolymers are transformed into the corresponding poly aminocarboxylic acids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rare-earth-metal-containing polymers. 5. Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence properties of Eu3+-polymer complexes containing carboxylbenzoyl and carboxylnaphthoyl ligands (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1271-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partially 2-carboxylbenzoyl (1) and 3-carboxyl-2-naphthoyl (2) substituted polystyrene were prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of polystyrene with corresponding dicarboxylic anhydrides. Europium (III) salts of (1) and (2) and the copolymer of 4-vinylbenzoyl 2′-carboxylbenzoate-di(2-benzoyl benzoate) and styrene (5) were prepared. Polymer (5) was prepared by the copolymerization of the Eu3+ salt of 4-vinylbenzoyl 2′-benzoate and 2-benzoylbenzoate (ratio 1:2) with styrene. The fluorescence emission intensity was measured on fine powder samples. The intensity of (5) increased linearly as the Eu content increased. However, for the 1 and 2 systems the intensity reached a maximum at a Eu content as small as 0.5 wt% and remained constant when further increases were made. This phenomenon was accounted for by steric hindrance and a decrease in the freedom of bond rotation, which prevent the formation of multiple coordination linkages between Eu3+ and the benzoate groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-controlled vinyl polymerization. III. Free volume parameters and diffusion-controlled propagation (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1331-1344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The values of the parameters that are necessary to compute the free volume changes accompanying polymerization were determined from viscosity data of concentrated polymer solutions. Relationships applicable above and below the glass transition temperature of the polymer were quantified. A general treatment of the variation of the propagation rate constant with free volume was postulated, based on the variation of the monomeric diffusivity with free volume. This, in turn, was related to the friction coefficient of a polymer chain segment, the values of which are readily available. A discussion of the reaction behavior in the last stage of polymerization and the occurrence of limiting conversion is also presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200515
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylose-polyester block copolymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 997-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of amylose-polyester block copolymers is described. 2,3,6-Tri-0-allyl amylose was synthesized by amylose alkoxide and allyl bromide and hydrolyzed by hydronium ions to give an hydroxyl-terminated allyl amylose oligomer (HTAA). The allyl groups were isomerized with t-BuoK to yield the prop-1-enyl isomer (HTPA). The HTPA was capped with a diisocyanate. The HTPA prepolymer was reacted with hydroxy-terminated poly(ethylene-co-propylene adipate) and poly-(ethylene terephthalate) to form block terpolymers. Block terpolymer formation was demonstrated by intrinsic viscosity increases, gel permeation chromatographic results, and infrared (IR) and PMR spectroscopy. The products were depropenylated by HgCl2 to yield amylose block terpolymers. These polymers were readily degraded by α-amylase.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex formation between poly(ethylene oxide) and alkali picrates (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1389-1400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) with alkali picrates in tetrahydrofuran and dioxane was studied by optical and NMR spectroscopy and conductance measurements. Evidence was found of the formation of two kinds of solvation complex, differing in the nature of the ion pairs involved. A strong anion effect on cation binding to the polyether was demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200602
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characteristics of photocross-linkable poly(vinyl alcohol) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1419-1432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with styrylpyridinium and quinolinium salts which contain formyl group produced water-soluble photosensitive polymers. The sensitivity was high, although the content of the styryl groups was extraordinarily low. Spectroscopical studies revealed that the high sensitivity is due to the aggregation of photofunctional group in the polymer matrix which leads to cyclodimerization on exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200605
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalization of polystyrene. III. Synthesis of polymeric thiol reagents (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1469-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of polymer-bound thiol reagents, supported on macroporous 4% divinylbenzene co-polymer (Amberlite XE-305), via three synthetic approaches is described: (i) Alkylation or acylation of XE-305 with 3-nitro-4-halogen-substituted benzyl chloride or benzoyl halide yielding 3-nitro-4-halobenzene-bound species, followed by substitution of the activated polymeric halogen atom with sulfur (see Scheme 1). (ii) Formation of a thiol ether by a direct substitution of an active polymeric halogen by reaction with benzylthiol, followed by chlorination, thiolation, and reduction (see Scheme 2). (iii) Attachment of a prepared tailor-made disulfide to aminomethyl function of a polymeric support, followed by reduction (see Scheme 3). The polymers were tested for their free-thiol content by 5, 5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent12) in DMF. Their thiolytic activity was investigated in the removal of 2-nitrophenylsulphenyl (Nps) group from Nps-protected amino acid (Scheme 4). Site-site interaction between the polymer-bound thiol with its activated halide precursor to yield polymeric sulfide during displacement reaction, and the interconversion of the polymeric thiols into polymeric disulfides at equilibrium or during reaction with Nps-amino acids, observed, and is attributed to the flexibility of the polymeric matrices.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200609
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by lithium organocuprates (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1549-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl polymerizations initiated by lithium organocuprates under several conditions were investigated. It was observed that this catalyst was effective in the polymerization of specific monomers such as α,β-unsaturated nitrile and carbonyl analogues. The rate of polymerization was rapid but retarded by the addition of pyridine, nitrobenzene, or hydroquinone. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with lithium di-n-butylcuprate as initiator produces predominantly isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in toluene. The overall activation energy was estimated as 3.5 kcal/mol deg. Lithium di-n-butylcuprate exerts a higher stereoregulating effect on the addition of monomers than other organolithium initiators. It is proposed that polymerization proceeds via a coordinated anionic mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200615
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric polymer films. I. Synthesis and properties (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1587-1598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a new class of piezoelectrically active materials comprised of various co- and ter-polymers of tributyltin methacrylate (TBTM) and trimethyltin methacrylate (TMTM) are described. In this article films of the various polymer compositions were evaluated for tin content, glass transition temperature (Tg), and crystallinity or “ordering” of the amorphous phase. A brief theory of piezoelectricity in polymers will be given in Part II with a description of sample preparation, poling techniques, and the measurement system, as well as piezoelectric evaluation results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200619
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of polyacids with poly(vinylbenzocrown ether)s and polyvinylbenzoglymes in water (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1629-1638 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Insoluble complexes are formed in acidic aqueous media when poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly-(vinylbenzo-18-crown-6) (P18C6) or polyvinylbenzoglymes are mixed. Complex formation results from hydrogen bonding between carboxyl groups and crown ether- or glyme-oxygen atoms as well as from hydrophobic interactions. The precipitation is pH dependent and was determined as a function of the ratio PAA to P18C6 or to polyglyme at different HCl concentrations in 10-4M solutions of polycrown or polyglyme. Precipitation is nearly quantitative in 0.01N HCl. The compositions of PAA/P18C6 precipitates were determined as a function of the initial PAA/P18C6 ratio in solution. The complexes with P18C6 can be solubilized in acidic media when crown-complexable cations (K+, Cs+, Ba2+) are added, but the charged P18C6 reprecipitates in basic solution as a polysalt complex with the PAA-polyanion. More stable PAA-P18C6 complexes in the form of fibers can be obtained by interfacial complex formation. Poly(methacrylic acid) is less effective as a complex former.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200623
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylonitrile-4-vinylpyridine copolymers effect of comonomer sequence distribution on properties (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1653-1667 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile-,4-vinylpyridine copolymers were prepared in chloroform solution at 60°C with AIBN as initiator. Copolymer compositions were determined from their 15.01-MHz 13C-NMR spectra. Reactivity ratios of rAN = 0.093 and r4VP = 0.32 were calculated by the Kelen and Tudos method. The run number, number-average sequence lengths, and monomer sequence distributions were also calculated. The Tg values of the copolymers, their dye uptake, and degree of alkaline hydrolysis were influenced by the overall copolymer composition but particularly by the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymers.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200701
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate in the radiation-induced cationic polymerization of styrene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1709-1716 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radiation-induced cationic polymerization of styrene was studied in methylene chloride in the presence of triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate. Acceleration in polymerization and an increase in molecular weight at a low temperature (-78°C) were observed in the presence of triphenylsulfonium salt. A study of pulse radiolysis revealed that both effects are due mainly to PF-6, which forms ion pairs with the cationic species involved in the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200705
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction rate of crosslinkings by using a metallated polymer. II. Intermolecular and intramolecular crosslinkings at the second state (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2555-2564 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lithium-metallated styrene-p-benzylstyrene copolymer was reacted with the branched polymer with chlorine groups at the pendant chain ends (multifunctional branched polymer) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C. The rate constant was estimated from the changes in the concentration of metallated polymer by using photometrical measurements. The various reaction conditions were chosen and it became clear that the rate constants of intermolecular (k20) and intramolecular (k3intra) crosslinkings were derived separately at the second stage. k20 showed a constant value in spite of the molecular weight of crosslinker chains and was about equal to the rate constant of the grafting. The rate of intramolecular crosslinking at the second stage increased with decreasing the molecular weight of pendant chains of multifunctional branched polymer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200915
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal-acetylacetonate chelate crosslinked gels (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2575-2602 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymers containing pendant acetylacetonate (acac) groups suitable for crosslinking through metal complex formation are described. Diene-based copolymers, polystyrene, and polydimethylsiloxane, each containing a measurable number of acac groups distributed along the chains, were synthesized. The polymers were studied both for the amount of acac ligand and for their crosslinking reactions with selected transition metals by ultraviolet (UV) second-derivative spectroscopy. The UV analyses of the polymer systems were compared with their monomer analogs, and the results confirm that the crosslinking chelation reactions of polymer compounds are similar to those of model compounds. Homogeneous chelate crosslinking conditions were developed by using transition-metal salts such as Cu(laurate)2, Fe(laurate)3, and Cr(laurate)3 in solvents such as chloroform and benzene. Polymeric ligands containing 1-5% acac in solution at various concentrations were reacted to form both inter- and intramolecular crosslinkages. The kinetic stability of the chelate crosslinks has been studied by a unique ligand exchange-gel solubility relationship.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200917
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. IV. Comparison of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene by measurement of electron temperature and density of positive ions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1833-1846 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The double probe method was applied to plasma of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and ethylene and the electron temperature (Te) and density of positive ions (np) were measured at various discharge wattages. The probe current-probe voltage diagrams for TFE were different from those for ethylene. The shape of its diagram indicates that a considerable number of negative ions exist in TFE plasma. The levels of np for TFE were also nearly six times greater than those for ethylene at the same discharge current. The dependence of TFE polymer deposition and the chemical structure of the polymer, based on ESCA data on discharge current, was related to Te and np measured by the probe method. The values of Te and np may not be directly related to the polymer formation in a plasma; the method provides a direct measure of plasma energy density where plasma polymerization takes place, whereas it cannot be accurately estimated by the input energy of a discharge. It was found that plasma energy density based on (npTe) for TFE plasma and that for ethylene differ significantly at the same level of input parameter (W/FM), where W is the discharge wattage, F is the volume flow rate, and M is the molecular weight of the monomer.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200716
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating copolymerization of N-benzylidine aniline (NBA) with α-haloacrylic acids (XAA). IV. Synthesis, characterization, and kinetics (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1885-1897 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes a new, spontaneous, 1:1 alternating copolymerization between a Schiff base, N-benzylidine aniline (NBA), and α-haloacrylic acids (XAA) such as α-chloroacrylic acid (ClAA) and α-bromoacrylic acid (BrAA). The structure of the copolymers was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra. By using the isolation method we determined the order of each monomer. On the basis of kinetic studies, a mechanism that involves initiation, propagation, and termination by zwitterion is proposed. The effects of copolymerization under various conditions were studied and the intrinsic viscosity and number-average molecular weight were measured. The overall energy of activation, ERp, for the copolymerization was determined and thermal degradation studies were made.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200720
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    Macromolecular N-nitroso-acylamines as photosensitizers for polyreactions. photochemical synthesis of block copolymers from polycondensates and olefinic monomersPart of a lecture presented at the GDCh Symposium on Photochemistry in Göttingen, Germany, 1979 (see ref. 1); fifth contribution on “N-nitroso-acylamines as initiators and photosensitizers for polyreactions” (see ref. 2).Dedicated to Professor Herman Mark on the occasion of his 85th birthday, but publication unfortunately had to be delayed. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1935-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200724
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    Syntheses of polyketones containing tricyclic fused rings and conversion to the polyamides in polyphosphoric acid (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1965-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200731
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  • 24
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    Charge transfer interaction and electrical conductivity of poly(vinyl acetals) containing dispersed TCNQ radical anion salts (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2765-2772 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Charge transfer (CT) interaction is described in semiconducting dispersions of TCNQ complex salt \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Et}_3 {\rm NH}^+ ({\rm TCNQ})_2^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document} with and without added TCNQ°, in poly(vinyl acetal) matrices in which the electron-donor moiety is varied. The extent of CT interaction was determined in films and in solution (DMF, acetonitrile, or methylene chloride) through the absorbances at 398 nm (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document} and TCNQ°) and 857 nm \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document}. Resistivity of the conductive films was related to the stoichiometry of TCNQ species in the films and found to have a minimum at \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$[{\rm TCNQ}^\circ]/[{\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}]\simeq 1$\end{document}. Lower resistivities were attained with films having a uniform, densely packed dispersion of microcrystallites which were obtained at a relatively slow solvent removal rate. With this particular complex salt, strong electron-donor polymers are found to be better matrices for semiconductivity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201003
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    Radical-initiated homo- and copolymerizations of methacryloyl fluoride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2829-2838 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of methacryloyl fluoride (MAF) homopolymerization was investigated in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) with azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. The rate of polymerization (Rp) followed the expression Rp = k[AIBN]0.55[MAF]1.18. The overall activation energy was calculated as 74.4 kJ/mol. The relative reactivity ratios of MAF(M2) copolymerization with styrene (r1 = 0.083, r2 = 0.14), and methyl methacrylate (r1 = 0.48, r2 = 0.81) in methyl ethyl ketone were obtained. Application of the Q-e scheme (in styrene copolymerization) led to Q = 2.22 and e = 1.31. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(MAF) was 90°C by thermomechanical analysis. Thermogravimetry of poly(MAF) showed a 10% weight loss of 228°C in air.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201009
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    Free-radical synthesis of poly(urethane-g-N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2879-2885 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relatively high-molecular-weight segmented polyurethanes based on methylene bis(4-phenyl-iso-cyanate), poly(propylene glycol), butane-1,4 diol, and cis-2-butene-1,4 diol have been synthesized and characterized. These unsaturated polyurethanes were successfully grafted using N-vinyl pyrrolidone as monomer and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as free-radical initiator. However, grafting experiments involving benzoyl peroxide as initiator were unsuccessful. The graft copolymers were isolated from the ungrafted polyurethane and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) by selective solvent extraction. Elemental microanalysis, IR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, and equilibrium water sorption measurements were used to characterize the graft copolymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201013
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    Effect of temperature conditions on the mechanism of formation, molecular structure, and properties of polyurethanes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2863-2878 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formalized kinetic approach to the mechanism of urethane formation in the system of prepolymer with end NCO groups-1,4-butanediol together with the dispersion analysis of kinetic curves have helped to establish that, at moderate temperatures, the mechanism may be represented by a scheme comprising a noncatalytic stage of urethane formation and a catalytic one including the formation of a double complex of a catalyst with an isocyanate or a hydroxyl group. As the temperature rises the proportion of the noncatalytic stage decreases significantly, while a mechanism, including the formation of the triple complex isocyanate group-catalyst-hydroxyl, becomes the most probable. It has been shown that the formation of a triple complex at elevated temperatures is thermodynamically more advantageous than the formation of double complexes; hence these changes of mechanism with temperature. It has been found that the temperature conditions of polyurethane production greatly affect the degree of its branching. Two crosslinked polyurethanes were obtained, one under the temperature conditions providing for the minimum degree of branching, the other under isothermal conditions. It has been discovered that the degree of branching of a prepolymer may greatly affect the density of chemical and physical bonds and a range of physical and chemical properties of the polyurethane.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201012
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    Kinetic models of homogeneous ionic polymerization (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2915-2934 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on modern concepts of ionic polymerization, a system of kinetic models which covers various initiation and propagation mechanisms, all based on a pseudo-steady-state assumption, is proposed. Special attention is given to the effect of solvent on the rate-controlling steps. Equations for reaction rate, degree of polymerization, and molecular weight distribution for 12 fundamental models are derived and fully discussed. The theory is also extended to more complicated systems such as the ion pair, free-ion system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201018
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    Noncyclic crown-type polyether polymers for transport of alkali cation and amino acid anion (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2989-2993 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201023
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    Interaction of poly(vinyl acetate) radical with iron (III) complexes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3115-3120 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of vinyl acetate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 60°C initiated by AIBN in the presence of [Fe(DMF)6](ClO4)3 and Fe(N3)3 had been studied. Fe(N3)3 was produced in situ by mixing solid sodium azide (NaN3) and hexakis(N,N-dimethylformamide) iron (III) perchlorate, [Fe(DMF)6](ClO4)3, in the ratio of 3:1. The velocity constant kx for the interaction of poly(vinyl acetate) radical with [Fe(DMF)6]3+ was found to be 1.44 × 103L mol-1 s-1 and that for the interaction of poly(vinyl acetate) radical with Fe(N3)3 to be 3.44 × 105 L mol-1 s-1 at 60°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201107
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    Properties of low-molecular-weight polyethylene treated with gas plasma (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3107-3114 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyethylene films were evaporated in gas plasmas of Ar, N2, O2, and H2O. The deposits were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy to determine the concentration of characteristic functional groups. The deposit prepared in Ar-atmosphere had a rather high concentration of methyl group and many double bonds were produced in the film. The deposits prepared in Ar- and N2-plasmas produced similar spectra, which showed twice the concentration of methyl group than the deposit in Ar-atmosphere and also contained a few carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The film treated in O2-plasma contained the largest amount of carbonyl group and the lowest number of double bonds among the plasma-treated deposits. Dielectric loss curves against temperature for the deposits treated in these plasmas showed a broad peak near 20°C. For O2-plasma-treated film the loss tangent curves showed a sharp maximum. The activation energy for the relaxation of Ar-, O2-, and H2O-plasma-treated films had the same value of 50.6 kcal/mol. The observed relaxation in the films prepared in gas plasmas was considered due to the β process and was attributed to the motion of oxidized branched polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201106
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    Ethynyl-terminated polysulfones: Synthesis and characterization (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3131-3146 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydroxy-terminated polysulfones (PSs) of number-average molecular weights from 3000 to 26,000 g/mol were converted to the corresponding 4-ethynylbenzoate-terminated PS through a three-step synthesis. The initial step involved the reaction of the hydroxy precursor with 4-bromobenzoyl chloride followed by displacement of the bromo group with trimethylsilylacetylene using a palladium catalyst. The trimethylsilyl group was subsequently cleaved with a weak base to afford the ethynylbenzoate-terminated PS. A more direct route to the ethynylbenzoate-terminated PS involved the reaction of the hydroxy-terminated PS with 4-ethynylbenzoyl chloride. The trimethylsilylethynyl and ethynyl groups undergo a thermally induced reaction to provide modified PS with better solvent resistance and higher apparent glass transition temperatures than an unmodified linear PS. The physical properties of the modified PS are compared with those of a linear PS.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201109
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    Phase-transfer reactions catalyzed by phosphonium salts attached to polystyrene resins by spacer chains (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3421-3429 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of reaction of 1-halooctanes with aqueous sodium cyanide catalyzed by phosphonium salts attached to insoluble polystyrene resins by tetramethylene or heptamethylene spacers was studied as a function of catalyst particle size, degree of polymer crosslinking, percentage of ring substitution, and temperature. Rates of reaction of 1-bromooctane with 17-38% ring-substituted catalysts increased as spacer-chain length increased. Rates of reaction of 1-bromooctane decreased, whether the percentage of ring substitution increased or decreased from 17-19%. Rates of reaction of 1-chlorooctane increased with increasing spacer-chain length and decreasing percentage of ring substitution. Apparent activation energy for the reaction of 1-bromooctane with 9% ring-substituted, spacer-modified catalysts was 9-10 kcal/mol and 13 kcal/mol with 17-19% ring-substituted catalysts. The hydrophilicity of catalysts decreased with increasing spacer-chain length and decreasing percentage of ring substitution. The mechanisms of reaction were discussed in terms of intrinsic reactivity and intraparticle diffusion limitations on the reaction rates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201214
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    Poly(β-pinenes) carrying one, two, and three functional end groups. II. Syntheses and characterizationPart XX of New Telechelic Polymers and Sequential Copolymers by Polyfunctional Initiator-Transfer Agents (Inifers) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3229-3240 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conditions for the convenient synthesis of linear poly(β-pinenes) that carry one or two tert-chloro end groups (∼Clt) and three-arm star poly(β-pinenes) that carry three termini have been worked out. Specifically, the polymer with one ∼Clt end group was prepared by the H2O/BCl3 system, whereas those with two and three ∼Clt termini were prepared by the use of p-dicumyl chloride and sym-tricumyl chloride/BCl3 inifer combinations. The ∼Clt-terminated polymers were dehydro-chlorinated to yield the corresponding olefins. The molecular weights of the products were low enough to permit infrared (IR) and quantitative 1H-NMR investigations. Poly(β-pinene-b-tetrahydrofuran) diblock copolymers have been synthesized by inducing the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) by the Pβ—Clt/AgCF3SO3 initiating system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201118
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    Kinetics of isothermal degradation of poly vinyl bromide (PVBr). A typical case of “autocatalytic” thermal degradation (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 25-34 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of thermal degradation of a sample of 46.0% isotactic polyvinyl bromide (PVBr) was studied in a static procedure. An integrated analytical method is presented for the estimation of rate constants. Reaction curves for the formation of hydrogen bromide (HBr) can be interpreted in terms of two concurrent first-order reactions; namely, with activation energies of 29.7 and 40.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The mathematical derivation does not involve an approximation; thus the accuracy of the procedure depends only on the experimentation. Good agreement between calculated and experimentally determined values of a series of characteristic kinetical parameters was obtained. The formation of HBr from PVBr was studied kinetically by a thermogravimetric programmed procedure at room temperature to 700°C. By this method it is possible to determine the activation energy of the stripping process of the main chain without knowing the form of the kinetic equation. The activation energy of 40.1 kcal/mol for the overall process was evaluated by the MacCallum and Tanner method. This dynamic heating developed two distinct temperature regions in which maximum rate loss occurred at characteristic temperatures. The first temperature region was associated with the quantitative evolution of 100% HBr molecules.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200103
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    Polymerization photoinitiated by carbonyl compounds. IV. α-diketones and α-substituted alkanones (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 73-78 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoinitiation efficiency of the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene by several carbonly compounds has been determined. The compounds considered were α-substituted ketones and α-dicarbonyl compounds. For the ketones, the initiation efficiency employing methyl methacrylate depends on the α substitution; the values obtained change from less than 10-3 (acetone) to 0.65 (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone). All ketones are more efficient towards methyl methacrylate than styrene. This result can be explained in terms of triplet quenching by the last monomer. The results obtained employing α-dicarbonyl compounds do not conform to a simple pattern. In particular, benzil shows a considerably larger efficiency towards styrene than for methyl methacrylate. Since benzil is efficiently quenched by styrene, the initiation must involve the interaction of an excited benzil molecule and the monomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200108
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    Reduction of electroactive polymers via polyelectron transfer processes at solid electrodes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 109-118 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reduction of an electroactive polymer at an electrode involves the transfer of a large number of electrons to a single molecule. A quantitative study of this process indicates whether the system behaves ideally. The electron transfer process in polyvinylbenzophenone and in polyvinylbenzophenone-co-styrene in N,N-dimethylformamide solution was investigated by voltammetry at a rotating disk electrode. It is concluded that benzophenone (BP) groups attached to the polymer backbone are noninteracting electroactive centers and that every BP group is reducible at the electrode. The relationship between limiting current and molecular weight was examined quantitatively for a series of polymers of low dispersity with molecular weights ranging up to 300,000, and with a controlled, varied content of electroactive groups. The diffusion coefficient was determined as a function of molecular weight from the electrochemical data, and was found to be in good agreement with the theoretical model based on transport properties. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on concentration of polymer and on temperature were investigated and activation energies determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200112
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    Photocrosslinking and photografting of vinyl polymers using poly(styrene-co-p-vinylbenzophenone-p′-tert-butyl perbenzoate) as a comonomer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 147-157 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Styrene has been copolymerized with low percentages of p-vinylbenzophenone-p′-tert-butyl perbenzoate (VBPE). The resulting copolymer has been used to make graft copolymer with methyl methacrylate using UV irradiation (366 nm). The grafting efficiency has been observed to increase with time of irradiation and percentage of VBPE in the copolymer. The copolymer has also been observed to crosslink efficiently with photochemical irradiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200116
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    Comments on “(A) critical examination of the dissociation-association phenomena in the hexane solution of lithium polyisoprenyl” by M. SzwarcThe editors of the Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, have made every effort to allow the dialog between Professors L. J. Fetters, M. Morton, and M. Szwarc to be as open and objective as possible. Competent and careful referees have made the task of judgment easier for the editors. Nevertheless, there are still major points of contention. Clearly, no resolution of certain conclusions seems possible. The editors of the Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, believe that both parties have had an adequate opportunity to express their opinions. The editors have agreed that we will not publish any additional dialog on this problem. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 199-204 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A note has appeared which seeks to question work from these laboratories (which appeared in 1964). The author of this recent paper attempts to demonstrate that the ΔH and ΔS values, based on our results, for the dissociation of the polyisoprenyllithium dimer “have no meaning.” This assessment ignores information in the literature. For similar reasons, other claims by the author of this recent paper are shown to be subject to scrutiny.
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    Polycondensation of diesters with hetero atom groups with hexamethylenediamine in the presence of polymer matrix (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200124
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    Aromatic polyamides. IV. Configurational analysis of poly(chloro-2,4-phenylene isophthalamide) by NMR (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 253-256 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200129
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    Phthalocyanine polymers. I. Poly[2,2′-(4,4′,4″-,4‴-metal phthalocyanino)-5,5′-bibenzimidazoles] as new high temperature resistant polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 269-275 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel class of poly(metal phthalocyanino) benzimidazoles were prepared by the condensation reaction between metal (Cu, Co, and Zn), 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine. The reaction was investigated by melt and solution condensation methods. These polymers showed excellent thermal and thermooxidative stability and are noteworthy for their high char yield (86-90%) at 800°C in an anerobic atmosphere. Elemental analyses, spectra, and TGA studies were used to characterize these materials. Isothermal gravimetric analyses were carried out to determine their long-term thermal stability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200201
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    Preparation of phosphorus-containing polymers. XXVII. Polyester-imides that contain phenoxaphosphine rings (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New phenoxaphosphine-containing polyester-imides were prepared by the interfacial polycondensation of a dichloroformyl-phenoxaphosphine derivative containing a preformed imide ring with five bisphenols. The polymerizations, which were carried out in a chloroform-aqueous sodium hydroxide mixture, afforded polyester-imides with reduced viscosities of 0.60-1.55 dL/g in 61-95% yields. The preformed imide ring did not undergo hydrolysis under the polymerization conditions. Several of the polymers were soluble in chloroform and could be cast into flexible and transparent films. The phenoxaphosphine-containing polyester-imides have good thermal properties, exhibiting little decomposition below 400°C. They appear to be more thermally stable than phenoxaphosphine-containing polyesters, but are not as thermally stable as the corresponding polyimides and polyamide-imides. The order of thermal stability for phenoxaphosphine-containing polymers in air is polyimide ≳ polybenzoxazole 〉 polyamide-imide ≳ polybenzimidazole 〉 polyester-imide 〉 poly-1,3,4-oxadiazole ≳ polyamide 〉 polyester. The polyester-imides exhibited self-extinguishing behavior.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200208
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    Quantitative NMR measurements in copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile: The effect of saturation and varying nuclear Overhauser enhancements (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) for 13C nuclei in copolymers of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride were measured at 20.1 and 67.9 MHz. In the —CCl2— region of the spectrum T1 and NOE values of the various resonances are equal within experimental error and are invariant to changes in composition. The T1 and NOE values of the —CCl2— region, however, are not equal to those of the —CH— or —CN region. As a result compositions cannot be calculated by direct comparison of the areas in the —CCl2— region and either the —CH— or the —CN region. Discrepancies can be corrected for the —CH— resonances by multiplication of the area by an empirical constant. A similar constant for the —CN region is composition-dependent at 20.1 and 67.9 MHz. A chemical shift anisotropy mechanism is postulated as important for relaxation of the —CN resonances. The overall influence of variable T1 and NOE values on quantitative determination of polymer composition is considered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Polymerization of 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane catalyzed by MAl(C2H5)4 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 897-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200324
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  • 46
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    Kinetics of simultaneous decrystallization and crystallization induced in high-modulus rayon by bromine water (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 929-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of the effect of aqueous Br2 solution on the fine structure of cellulose have shown that the accessibility of the cellulose is a complex function of the duration of treatment. Following immersion of rayon-cellulose in the Br2 solution, its accessibility is observed to increase until a peak is reached, after which the accessibility decreases with time. For higher temperatures and greater concentrations of Br2, a sharper peak and faster rates of increase and decrease of accessibility are obtained. In order to explain this behavior, a mathematical model of the kinetics is postulated involving two opposing first-order processes occurring simultaneously. One process describes the decrystallization of crystalline regions within the cellulose by opening intermediate linkages due to Van-der-Waals forces involved. The second process relates to the crystallization of the less-ordered regions. The rate constants for these processes are determined by fitting experimental curves to the postulated analytical expression with the aid of a digital computer program. Experiments carried out on high-modulus rayon showed that for this type of cellulose, the effect described above was very pronounced. From the calculated rate constants, the activation energies of the crystallization and decrystallization reactions were determined. The plots of the rate constants versus 1/T showed that a break occurs at 25°C, corresponding to a second-order transition point of cellulose. The energies of activation of the crystallization process are in the range of 7-9 and 10-13 kcal/mol in the temperature ranges 10-25 and 25-40°C, respectively. The activation energies of the decrystallization process are 13 and 18-24 kcal/mol in these temperature ranges.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200403
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  • 47
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    Alternating copolymerization of α-methylstyrene and maleic anhydride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 977-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating copolymers of α-methylstyrene (α-MeSt) and maleic anhydride (MAn) were prepared by free-radical-initiated polymerization in bulk, benzene, or butanone as solvents. By applying the generalized model described by Shirota and co-workers, the reactivity ratios k1c/k12 and k2c/k21 were calculated from the change of copolymerization rate with monomer feed at constant total monomer concentration. From the equation Rp = Rp(f) + Rp(CT) were calculated Rp(f) and Rp(CT), and it was found that in benzene the reaction proceeds predominantly by the addition of CT-complex monomers, while in butanone, cross propagation of free monomers predominates. Termination occurs predominantly by homotermination of α-MeSt macro free radicals, kt22, although the cross termination kt21 is also operative.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200407
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of pyrrole by potassium persulfate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1089-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrrole reacted with potassium persulfate in aqueous media to form polymers or “pyrrole blacks.” The structure and molecular weight depend on the initial pyrrole/K2S2O8 ratio. An ESR line due to trapped electrons or free radical ions appeared at g = 2.0036 (width 3.6 G) in all products and its intensity decreased with an increase in initial concentration of potassium persulfate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200416
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  • 49
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    Grafting vinyl monomers onto nylon-6. VII. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto nylon-6 fibers with acetylacetonate complex of vanadium ion (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1139-1141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200421
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  • 50
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    Studies on the kinetics of ceric-thiourea-initiated aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate. I. Mechanistic features in moderately acid solution (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1203-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate by a ceric-thiourea initiator system in moderately acid solution (pH 2.15) was studied. The rate of polymerization was proportional to 0.41 power of ceric concentration, 0.32 power of thiourea concentration, and 1.18 power of monomer concentration. The degree of polymerization was smaller than expected from the rate of polymerization. Initiation efficiency was less than one. There was no evidence of any ceric ion termination in the concentration range of 2.50 × 10-4-2.00 × 10-3M studied. The results are explained in terms of partial primary radical termination; the principal mode of termination, however, was bimolecular.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200505
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  • 51
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    The role of chain transfer agents in the emulsion polymerization of styrene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1261-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of chain transfer agents on the nucleation and growth of polymer particles in the emulsion polymerization of styrene were examined extensively. The chain transfer agents used are carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, and four primary mercaptans (C2, n-C4, n-C7, and n-C12). It is shown that with an increase in the amount of chain transfer agents charged the rate of polymerization per particle decreases progressively. The number of polymer particles formed, on the other hand, increases initially then decreases. These effects can be enhanced by using a chain transfer agent with higher values of chain transfer constant and solubility in water. It is also demonstrated that with increasing radical desorption from the particles, aided by chain transfer agents, the emulsifier dependence exponent for the number of polymer particles formed increases from 0.6 to 1.0 and the initiator dependence exponent decreases from 0.4 to 0. The effect of chain transfer agents on the nucleation and growth of polymer particles in the emulsion polymerization of styrene can be explained in terms of desorption of chain-transfered radicals from the polymer particles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200509
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  • 52
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    Copolymerization of β-pinene with styrene oxide and N-vinylpyrrolidone (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1279-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of β-pinene with styrene oxide (SO) and β-pinene with N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) was investigated by using SnCl4 in dichloromethane diluent at low temperature. Monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated for both copolymers at -80°C; these are r1(SO) = 2.979 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.002 and r1(VP) = 0.096 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.294.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200511
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  • 53
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    Diffusion-controlled vinyl polymerization. II. Limitations on the gel effect (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1315-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is frequently observed that the gel effect in vinyl polymerizations decreases in intensity at about the 50-70% conversion level. This is apparent in both rate and molecular weight data. It is postulated that there should be a limitation on the decrease in the termination rate constant to explain this effect. As an extension of the general theory of chain length dependent termination behavior, a general treatment of the gel effect with a limiting value of the termination rate constant is presented. A specific model is proposed for this limited rate constant which is based on the simple consideration that as translational movement of macroradicals becomes increasingly difficult the contributions made by segmental motion derived solely from the propagation reaction will be the prevailing mechanism. The termination reaction changes from chain length dependent to chain length independent during this transition period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200514
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  • 54
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    Modification of the wettability of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film treated by corona discharge in airManuscript complete November 1, 1981 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1373-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The wettability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films is an important criterion for their industrial use. The attainment of that property is realized by treatment of the material under corona discharge. The purpose of this article is to describe the influence of the principal parameters of the discharge on the modification of the surface properties; the influence was measured by physicochemical methods (ESCA, contact angle). The results prove that the most important physical parameters of the discharge are the wire-cylinder distance, the current intensity, and the time of treatment. The analysis shows that the fixed species are oxygen and nitrogen in the form of carboxylic functions and amines or nitrogen oxides. In any case, the correlation between free surface energy and concentration of fixed chemical species shows that the surface properties depend on the chemical functions introduced into the material by the discharge.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Polymerization of cyclohexene oxide with aluminum complex-silanol catalyst. IV. Photopolymerization with Ph3SiCOPh-Al complex-alcohol catalyst system (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1433-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new catalyst system (Ph3SiCOPh-aluminum complex-alcohol) was investigated for photopolymerization of cyclohexene oxide. Polymer conversion and molecular weight increased with polymerization time. When a Ph3SiCOPh-Al (n-Praa)3-alcohol catalyst system was used the catalyst activity decreased, depending on the alcohol: i-PrOH 〉 n-PrOH 〉 i-BuOH 〉 MeOH 〉 t-BuOH 〉 H2O. When the Ph3SiCOPh-Al complex-i-PrOH catalyst system was used the catalyst activity decreased, depending on the ligand of the Al complex: ß-ketoester 〉 orthocarbonyl phenol 〉 ß-diketone. Benzophenone derivatives were effective for catalyst activation as a photosensitizer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200606
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
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    Solvent effect on radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1489-1496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The propagation and termination rate constants kp and kt for the radical polymerization of butyl acrylate initiated by biacetyl have been measured by using the rotating-sector method, in various solvents at 30°C. The value of kp and initiation rate Ri varied with solvents, while the value of kt did not change with solvents except for benzonitrile. The variation of kp with aromatic solvents has a trend against Hammett σp of the solvent substituents similar to that for methyl methacrylate or phenyl methacrylate except for the value in benzonitrile, when it is larger than the variation for methyl methacrylate or phenyl methacrylate. The larger variation of kp for butyl acrylate is compatible with the view that the origin of the solvent effect lies in complex formation between the propagating radical and aromatic solvent molecules. The exceptional decrease in kp and kt in benzonitrile is explained by a contraction of the poly(butyl acrylate) chain in the poor solvent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Copolymerization of isobutene and α-methylstyrene as a function of reaction conditions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1517-1532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of reaction conditions (solvent, Lewis acid, temperature) on the cationic copolymerization of isobutene and α-methylstyrene was investigated. The crude product consists of low molecular nonprecipitable oligomers, polyisobutene, and poly(isobutene-co-α-methylstyrene). The amount of poly(α-methylstyrene) formed under the reaction conditions used was negligible. The degree of charge separation in the propagating cationic intermediate determines the selectivity of the reaction; that is, incorporation of monomer units into the polymer, ratio of different product fractions, and microstructure. Molecular weight distribution, copolymerization parameters, and sequence-length distribution functions were determined. The softening range of the copolymers depended on their isobutene content but appeared to be constant up to 15% isobutene in copolymers. The degradation temperature of the copolymers was between 340 and 390°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200613
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  • 58
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    Interaction of Tb(III) and hydrolyzed polyacrylamides in solution as a gel and in the solid state (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1569-1579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Formation of the HPAM-Tb3 complex in solution was observed in the intensification of Tb(III) fluorescence, viscosity, and light scattering. The interaction is dependent on the degree of hydrolysis of the copolymer and the pH of the solution. As the pH value increases, an intensification of the interaction and formation of a gel is observed. The latter was associated with the appearance of crosslinks in which terbium, or one of its hydrolysis products, works as a binding agent between chains. After drying, the characterization of the residues of the gels was effected by analytical determination (C, H, N, Cl, Tb), fluorescence, and infrared spectrophotometry. The analysis and fluorescence revealed the existence of particles of terbium hydroxide; the infrared spectrophotometry showed the binding of terbium (III) to carboxylate of the copolymer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200617
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Template effects in chelating polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1609-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(4′-methyl-4-vinyl-2,2′-bipyridine) has been prepared as have various copolymers with divinylbenzene. When polymerization is carried out in the presence of metal ions (Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+) a metal-containing copolymer is obtained which, when the metal ion is removed with acid, retains some memory of the original chelating metal.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200621
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  • 60
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    Studies on stable free radicals. XIX. Copolymerization of N-oxyl biradical with α-chloro-p-xylyleneFor part XVIII see ref. 1. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1639-1647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymerization of N-oxyl biradical with α-chloro-p-xylylene was carried out by varying the feed ratio of α,α′-dichloro-p-xylene which was the precursor of α-chloro-p-xylylene. The structures of the obtained copolymers were determined spectroscopically. The results that the N-oxyl attacked the carbon-bearing chlorine atom of α-chloro-p-xylylene suggest a nucleophilic reactivity of N-oxyl radical. The copolymerization process was also discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200624
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    Solid-state polymerization of acrylamide and its derivatives complexed with some lewis acids. II. Radiation-induced in-source polymerizationAuthor corrected proofs received April 27, 1982 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1775-1784 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radiation-induced solid-state polymerizations of complexes of N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-amylacrylamide, and N-tert-hexylacrylamide with zinc chloride and zinc bromide have been studied. An accelerating effect of temperature and an inhibiting effect of oxygen on the polymerization process were observed. The activation energies have been established. The influence of monomer structure as well as the halide used on the polymerization rate have been discussed and some regularities have been pointed out. The polymers obtained show good solubilities in common solvents, which proves that they are not crosslinked.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Kinetics of polyesterification. II. Foreign acid-catalyzed dibasic acid and glycol systems (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1819-1831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyesterification of diacid and diol in the presence of the foreign acid p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst was carried out under constant reaction temperatures of 140-166°C (rather than at the usual constant oil-bath temperature) and at molar ratios r of diol to diacid of 1.2-3.5. The experimental data obtained do not fit conventional rate equations as they appear in the literature. On the basis of ion pair formation, consideration of proton transfer from acid to alcohol, variation in dielectric constant of the reaction mixture as conversion increases, and inclusion of reverse reaction due to presence of unremoved water, we proposed a reaction mechanism and rate equations. The rate equation fitted our experimental data quite well. In addition the self-catalysis (absence of foreign acid) also showed promise, as confirmed by the experimental data measured under constant reaction temperatures, which appear in Part I.
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  • 63
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    Laser-initiated polymerization of charge-transfer monomer systems (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1875-1884 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The laser-initiated polymerization of charge-transfer monomer complexes was investigated with a pulsed nitrogen laser and an argon laser. Several donor-acceptor monomer charge-transfer systems were screened for polymerization in different solvents. Polymerization by laser initiation was achieved in two of these systems; that is, 2-vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile and 9-vinylanthracene/fumaronitrile. The best polymer yields were obtained with the 2-vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile system in sulfolane solvent. The influences on the polymer yield and composition of solvents, varying focal path length, glass conditioning, initiation sources, environment, and monomer feed ratios were evaluated. Infrared (IR) spectral studies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and chemical analyses were performed to characterize the polymer products arising from the polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile in sulfolane. The polymer contained a high percentage of sulfolane (ca. 1/3 mol fraction), presumably arising from solvent transfer to the growing polymer chains during the propagation phase of the polymerization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200719
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  • 64
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    Grafting onto carbon black: Reaction of urethane prepolymer with carbon black surface (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1943-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200726
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  • 65
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    Synthesis and characterization of certain polyhydrazides containing azo group in the main chain (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1959-1963 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200730
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1993-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chain transfer constants to monomer have been measured by an emulsion copolymerization technique at 44°C. The monomer transfer constant (ratio of transfer to propagation rate constants) is 1.9 × 10-5 for styrene polymerization and 0.4 × 10-5 for the methyl methacrylate reaction. Cross-transfer reactions are important in this system; the sum of the cross-transfer constants is 5.8 × 10-5. Reactivity ratios measured in emulsion were r1 (styrene) = 0.44, r2 = 0.46. Those in bulk polymerizations were r1 = 0.45, r2 = 0.48. These sets of values are not significantly different. Monomer feed compcsition in the polymerizing particles is the same as in the monomer droplets in emulsion copolymerization, despite the higher water solubility of methyl methacrylate. The equilibrium monomer concentration in the particles in interval-2 emulsion polymerization was constant and independent of monomer feed composition for feeds containing 0.25-1.0 mole fraction styrene. Radical concentration is estimated to go through a minimum with increasing methyl methacrylate content in the feed. Rates of copolymerization can be calculated a priori when the concentrations of monomers in the polymer particles are known.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200803
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  • 67
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    Synthesis and characterization of a new conjugated polymer: Polytrifluoromethylacetylene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2043-2051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polytrifluoromethylacetylene (PTFMA) was synthesized from trifluoromethylacetylene (TFMA) using a PdCl2/DMF catalyst solution or the anionic initiator n-butyl lithium. Although PdCl2 proved to be an effective catalyst for the polymerization of TFMA, long reaction times and poor yields made characterization of the resultant polymer difficult. The use of n-butyl lithium, on the other hand, resulted in high yields of PTFMA in relatively short reaction times. The results of thermal analysis and the effects of n- and p-type doping on the electrical conductivity of the polymer are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200807
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  • 68
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    γ Radiolysis of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenylene sebacate) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenylene sebacate) (PIDPS), a condensation product of bisphenol-A and sebacic acid, was irradiated with 60Co γ rays. Viscosity, end-group analysis, and IR spectral measurement techniques were used to study the chemical changes occurring during γ radiolysis. It is observed that PIDPS undergoes random chain scission owing to weak links which may be present or be incorporated by the oxygen from air. The G value of random chain scission is estimated to be 9, whereas the enthalpy of fusion is found to be 6.2 kcal/mol repeat unit of PIDPS.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200227
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  • 69
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    Decomposition of polypropylene hydroperoxide by hindered aminesIssued as NRCC No. 19889. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hindered amine-induced decomposition of polypropylene hydroperoxide was studied in the solid state and in the presence of a liquid solvent and the polymer was compared with model hydroperoxides. The high reactivity of the macrohydroperoxides appears to be related to the adjacent, hydrogen-bonded hydroperoxide groups that occur in the polymer. The hindered amines are converted to nitroxides in the reaction via hydroxylamine intermediates. Amine-induced decomposition of polypropylene hydroperoxide is faster in the absence of a liquid solvent for the amine than in the presence of the solvent, probably because of the strong amine-hydroperoxide association that occurs in the solid state. The decomposition process in the solid state is sufficiently rapid for the reaction to contribute to the effectiveness of hindered amines in the light stabilization of polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200231
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  • 70
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    Mechanism of alternating copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 619-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic study of the propagation mechanism of the alternating copolymerization of styrene (St) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a complexing agent (diethylaluminum chloride, DEAC) in bulk and in tetrachloroethylene solutions at a molar ratio DEAC/MMA = 0.5 has been carried out. It has been shown that the copolymerization is a chain radical process characterized by a short active-center lifetime, bimolecular termination, and high rate of chain transfer to the complexed MMA. A kinetic scheme has been proposed for the propagation mechanism of alternating copolymerization in the presence of a complexing agent not requiring independent measurements of the equilibrium constant of complexation. It has been found that spontaneous and UV-initiated copolymerizations in the system have different mechanisms of initiation and a common mechanism of propagation. The propagation proceeds by addition of single monomers as well as donor-acceptor complexes of the comonomers to the propagation radicals, with the first mechanism being predominant. Inclusion of the monomers in the complex leads to an increase of the St reactivity and to a decrease of the MMA reactivity in propagation to the corresponding macroradicals in comparison with the reactivity of the free monomers. A number of kinetic and statistical parameters of the propagation reaction have been calculated.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200304
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  • 71
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    Mixed ligand complexes in vinyl polymerization. I. [N,N′-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminato)](acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) as an initiator (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 675-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of a mixed ligand complex, [N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)](acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) in benzene was studied. The rate of polymerization was proportional to the square root of the concentration of the chelate and the monomer exponent was 1.67 and 1.69 at 60 and 70°C, respectively. The activation energy and the kinetic and transfer constants were evaluated. A free-radical mechanism has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200308
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  • 72
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    The chemistry and kinetic behavior of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. III. Fixation of a Cr/As system on wood (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 725-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetic behavior of a Cr/As system in its reaction with wood is described, as are its reactions with lignin and carbohydrates of wood for CrVI alone. ChromiumIII arsenate complexes with the guaiacyl units of lignin, as well as the usual chromic acid/guaiacyl unit complexes already characterized, was formed. The interference of As concentration on the various zones of fixation of chromium are identified. Complexes between guaiacol and chromium arsenates indicate that in this Cr/As system CrIII can also be linked to the guaiacyl units of lignin when in the form of CrAsO4·6H2O contrary to what obtained with systems not containing As. An initial increase in the rate of reduction CrVI → CrIII by the carbohydrates fraction in wood is ascribed to the catalytic effect of the arsenic. The percentages of chromium fixed onto lignin and cellulose of wood compare well with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200312
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  • 73
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    Polyureas from carbon dioxide and diamines by means of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine hydrochloride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 103-108 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of carbon dioxide with aniline using triphenyl phosphite in pyridine is greatly facilitated by the addition of hydrochlorides of tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine, and has been successfully applied to the preparation of polyureas of high molecular weight from carbon dioxide and aromatic diamines. The presence of a catalytic amount of pyridine hydrochloride significantly increased the inherent viscosity of the resulting polymers, the highest value being obtained with about an equivalent of the chloride. Optimal temperatures and pressures varied with diamines used, and were 60-80°C and 40-50 atm of carbon dioxide. The polycondensation reaction was also affected by the solvent compositions of pyridine and N-methylpyrrolidone, its optimum being dependent on diamines used.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200111
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  • 74
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    Polyiodide composition in poly(vinyl acetate)-iodine-iodide complex (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 839-846 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyiodide formed by complexation of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with iodine in the presence of iodide has been investigated by chemical analysis and resonance Raman spectrophotometry. When PVAc films were immersed in iodide-iodine aqueous solutions which had different ratios of iodide to iodine concentration [I-]/[I2], the complex films exhibited tremendous variations of swelling degree, despite the relatively small change in the amount of bound iodine. From a quantitative chemical analysis, the composition of polyiodide bound to PVAc was found to be 1.01 ± 0.035 in the molar ratio of iodide to iodine irrespective of the composition of the iodide-iodine aqueous solution ([I-]/[I2] = 2-500). The polyiodide formed in PVAc-iodine-iodide complex was therefore inferred to be (I3-)n. Resonance Raman spectra obtained on PVAc-iodine-iodide complexes were also identical to those of the benzamide-iodine complex, in which the polyiodide consists of (I3-)n, consistent with the result from chemical analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200320
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  • 75
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    Nylon 6-polyisobutylene sequential copolymers. II. Synthesis, characterization, and morphology of di-, tri-, and radial block copolymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 173-190 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nylon 6-PIB diblock, triblock, and tristar radial block copolymers have been synthesized from telechelic hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylene, PIB(OH)n (n = 1,2,3), by conversion of this prepolymer with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), N-chlorocarbonyl diisocyanate (NCCI), and oxalyl chloride (OxCl) and using the resulting materials as macroactivators for anionic caprolactam polymerization. Prepolymers with molecular weights from 6000 to 38,000 have been employed. Derivatization with NCCI and subsequent anionic caprolactam polymerization gave highest yields and blocking efficiencies. The block copolymers have been characterized by molecular weight and composition. In addition to the expected Tg and Tm characteristics of long PIB and nylon 6 segments, DSC studies showed an intermediate glass transition at ca. -20°C. Transmission electron microscopy of di-, tri-, and radial blocks show increasing segregation and orientation of rubbery/crystalline domains. Tensile strengths and elongations of the block copolymers range from 16.5 to 41 MPa and 15 to 30%, respectively, and stress-strain diagrams show the effect of block architecture on these properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200118
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  • 76
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    Cu (DPM)2-initiated vinyl polymerizationA part of this work was presented at the International Symposium on New frontiers in Polymer Science & Application January 7-11, 1980, Madras, India. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The behavior of cupric dipivaloylmethide in vinyl polymerization systems was investigated with a view to understanding the mechanism of polymerization initiation. Results of polymerization reactions together with spectral investigation data are presented. Polymerization in the presence of the chelate proceeds through a free-radical process. The corresponding kinetic and transfer constants and activation energy values suggest a normal propagation step. With the help of spectral data an attempt is made to suggest a plausible mechanism of initiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200122
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  • 77
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    Peculiar temperature dependence on the binding of pentyl orange by crosslinked poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 221-225 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200123
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  • 78
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    Thermal cross-linking reaction of aromatic polypyromellitimidines with pendant benzylidene groups (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200128
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  • 79
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    Acrylate polymers containing a carbamate-linked herbicide substituent (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200131
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  • 80
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    Synthesis and thermal characteristics of bisimides. IPresented at the Division of Polymer Chemistry, Second Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 24-29, 1980. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 283-297 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten structurally different bisimide resins were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride/citraconic anhydride and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with aromatic diamines and fused aromatic structures or heterocyclic groups. The amines included were 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,5-bis(p-aminophenyl)1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3,3-bis(p-aminophenyl)phthalide, 9,9-bis(p-aminophenyl)fluorene. and 10,10-bis(p-aminophenyl)anthrone. These monomers were characterized by infrared (IR). 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Thermal polymerization of these monomers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Broad exothermic peaks were observed for a temperature range of 225-380°C. Temperature of exothermic peak position was influenced by the presence of substituents at the olefinic bond, and in biscitraconimides it was 40-50°C lower than in the corresponding bismaleimides. Anaerobic char yields of cured bisimide resins ranged from 44 to 64%. Oxadiazole-containing bisimides had low thermal stability. Increase in formula weight between the imide groups did not influence the char yields in a systematic manner. Graphite cloth laminates with two of these bisimide resins were fabricated and tested for a number of physical properties. Their limiting oxygen index was 70-72%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200203
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  • 81
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    Some aspects of curing novolac with hexamethylenetetramine (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 311-318 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Curing novolac with hexamethylenetetramine in closed molds at T = 190°C was studied. Cured products were examined with the following experimental techniques: sol fraction determination, % N fixed in sol and gel fractions, and IR spectra. The fraction of fixed N decreased from 1 to 0.5 when the hexa mass fraction was increased from 0 to 0.3 in the mixture with novolacs. A segregation of the fixed N in the sol fraction was observed. Azomethine derivatives were present, their amounts increasing with the hexa mass fraction. Curing was described by a reaction scheme similar to the one derived from studies with model phenols. A simplified scheme was adequate for the prediction of the minimum hexa amount necessary to gel the system at full conversion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200205
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  • 82
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    Syntheses of 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-0-benzyl-β-D-altropyranose and of 1,6-anhydro-2-0-benzyl-3,4-0-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranose and their ring-opening copolymerizations with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-0-benzyl (or p-methylbenzyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 343-360 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-0-benzyl-β-D-altropyranose (TBLAT, M2) failed to give the fourth stereoregular 1,6-α-linked polysaccharide because of its very low homopolymerizability. However, the 1,6-anhydro-altrose monomer was found to copolymerize with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-0-(p-methylbenzyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (LGTXE, M1) with PF5 as catalyst at low temperature, giving highly stereoregular copolymers. The monomer reactivity ratios calculated by Kelen-Tüdös method were r1 = 1.52 and r2 = 0.06. The differences in the reactivity between TBLAT monomer and other 1,6-anhydro sugar derivatives are discussed. Moreover, 1,6-anhy-dro-2-0-benzyl-3,4-0-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranose (ABIGA, M4), which showed no homopolymerizability under various conditions, was also copolymerized with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-0-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranose (LGTBE, M3) at low temperature. The monomer reactivity ratios of r3 = 2.2 and r4 = 0.0 indicate that in the copolymers every galactose unit distributed as a single unit through the main chain. The cause for the lower polymerizability of ABIGA is discussed. Hydrolysis of the copolymer with trifluoroacetic acid gave a copolymer in which only galactose units contained free hydroxyl groups, which were then methylated by methyl iodide. Stereoregular 1,6-α-linked galactoglucan composed of free sugar units was prepared by debenzylation of the ABIGA-LGTBE copolymer followed by hydrolysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200209
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  • 83
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    Polymerization of acrylonitrile. Kinetics of the reaction initiated by the Ce(IV)/thioacetamide redox system (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 53-62 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the Ce(IV)/thioacetamide redox system has been investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in the temperature range of 10-20°C. The rate of polymerization (Rp) and the rate of Ce(IV) disappearance (-RCe) were measured. The effect of certain water-soluble organic solvents, added electrolytes, and aromatic and heterocyclic organic nitrogen compounds on the rate of polymerization has been investigated. Depending on the experimental results, we have suggested a suitable reaction scheme for the system which involves the production of initiating radicals from the oxidation of thioacetamide (TAm) by ceric ion and the termination of the polymer chain by metal ions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200106
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  • 84
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    Preparation of polyamides via the phosphorylation reaction. Poly-4,4′-benzanilides (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 79-84 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4,4′-Diaminobenzanilide (DAB) was reacted with diacids via the Yamazaki phosphorylation reaction to yield simple polyamides and random copolyamides. The use of DAB was found to promote polycondensation because DAB contains a preformed amide linkage which minimizes the amounts of by-products formed. It also maximizes polymer solubility since the monomer is unsymmetrical. The order of the inherent viscosity values of the polymers obtained from DAB by reaction with different diacids, isophthalic 〉 aliphatic 〉 terephthalic, was found to parallel polymer solubility in the reaction medium. The inherent viscosity of the polyamide based on terephthalic acid, DAB-T, was increased greatly by copolymerization, isophthalic acid being more effective than an aliphatic diacid in this regard. None of the polymers formed a thermotropic nematic phase, but the copolymer having an equimolar ratio of terephthalic and adipic acid formed anisotropic solutions in 100% sulfuric acid at polymer concentrations exceeding 40%. Strong films were cast from such solutions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200109
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  • 85
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    Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of terephthalate polyesters using negative ionization (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 119-129 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The usual method of studying thermal degradation mechanisms of polymers in vacuo is to use electron ionization pyrolysis mass spectrometry. This can lead to mass spectral fragmentation from the 70 eV electrons used. Low energy electrons (10-15 eV) produce a low abundance of positive ions. However, if a molecule is prone to capture a thermal energy electron, then negative ions are produced in high abundance. This report describes the negative ion pyrolysis mass spectrometry of polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200113
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  • 86
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    Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones with increased affinity and specificity for methyl orange and its homologs (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1533-1547 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyvinylpyrrolidones of various degrees of cross-linkage have been prepared by radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with methylenebisacrylamide to regulate the fraction of cross-linkage. The insoluble polymers obtained were examined for their ability to bind methyl orange and its homologs, methyl orange, ethyl orange, propyl orange, and butyl orange at 5, 15, 25, and 35°C, respectively, in an aqueous solution. The first binding constants and the thermodynamic parameters that accompanied the binding were calculated. For any particular dye the extent of binding, the absolute magnitude of ΔF°, and the value of ΔS° increased as the degree of cross-linkage increased, starting with water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (zero cross-linkage) and proceeding to the polymer with high cross-linking density. This behavior can be accounted for in terms of more extensive hydrophobic domains in the cross-linked polymeric matrix that enhances hydrophobic interactions in the binding process. Moreover, the cross-linked macromolecule polymerized in the presence of methyl orange and then stripped of the bound methyl orange shows substantially stronger binding for this small molecule than the polymer cross-linked in the absence of methyl orange. In contrast, the cross-linked polymer prepared similarly in the presence of the larger molecule, butyl orange, exhibits decreased affinity toward the smaller consolute, methyl orange, than either of the other polymers described. It seems, therefore, that the polymeric matrix provides favorable binding sites or pockets that can accommodate a specific small molecule. The preparative procedure, which uses a small-molecule template, molds into the polymer some structural specificity in the binding of small molecules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200614
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with alkyl acrylate monomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1581-1585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A newer approach to obtaining acrylic thermoset polymers with adequate hydrophilicity required for various specific end uses is reported. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was copolymerized with n-butyl acrylate (n-BA), isobutyl acrylate (i-BA), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) in bulk at 60°C. with benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator. The copolymer composition was determined from the estimation of epoxy group. Reactivity ratios were calculated by the Yezrielev, Brokhina, and Roskin method. For copolymerization of GMA (M1) with n-BA (M2) the reactivity ratios were r1 = 2.15 ± 0.14, r2 = 0.12 ± 0.03; with i-BA (M2) they were r1 = 1.27 ± 0.06, r2 = 0.33 ± 0.031; and with 2-EHA (M2) they were r1 = 2.32 ± 0.14, r2 = 0.13 ± 0.009. The reactivity ratios were the measure of distribution of monomer units in a copolymer chain; the values obtained are compared and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200618
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liposomes from α,ω-dipolar amphiphiles with a polymerizable diyne moiety in the hydrophobic chain (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1623-1628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Symmetric polymerizable α,ω-dipolar C22-diacetylenes were prepared by oxidative coupling of 10-undecynoic acid and 10-undecynol, respectively, by means of copper II salts in ethanolic solution. 10,12-Docosadiyne-1,22-diphosphate (3) - by reaction of 10,12-docosadiyne-1,22-diol (2) with POCl3 - was polymerized in aqueous solution using UV irradiation to form deep blue, thermochromic solutions. By consonication of 3 with cholesterol, monolayer vesicles were formed. This was proven by encapsulation of 6-carboxyfluorescein. These monomeric vesicles were polymerized by UV light to yield stable, deep blue polymeric vesicle suspensions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200622
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of PET with sterically hindered diols (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1669-1683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was modified by incorporating bis(hydroxyethyl) tetrasubstituted terephthalates (methyl, chlorine, and bromine) as a third component in the mole ratios of 2-50% (based on dimethyl terephthalate) which resulted in random copolyesters. The presence of steric hindrance imparted additional chain rigidity to the copolymer structure, as shown by increased glass transition temperature (Tg). The effectiveness of the steric groups for conferring rigidity to the copolymer structure was CH3 〉 Cl≃Br. The copolyesters which contained halogen substituents showed substantial enhancement in flame retardency compared with PET.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200702
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization. VII. An esca investigation of the RF plasma polymerization of perfluorobenzene and perfluorobenzene/hydrogen mixturesThis is Part XXXIV of the series “ESCA Applied to Polymers.” (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1717-1728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The composition and gross structural features of plasma polymers formed in the glow regions of an inductively coupled RF plasma with perfluorobenzene and perfluorobenzene/hydrogen mixtures were investigated by ESCA as a function of the operating parameters. The carbon-to-fluorine stoichiometries of the perfluorobenzene polymers are similar and close to those of the starting material but not of the polymers derived from perfluorobenzene/hydrogen mixtures. The rate of film deposition is dependent on the W/FM parameter. Angular and photon energy-dependent studies confirm the vertical homogeneity of the plasma polymer films investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200706
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. II. Synthesis and characterization of some metal phthalocyanine sheet oligomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1785-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal phthalocyanine oligomers that possess peripheral carboxylic acid groups were prepared by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride, a metal salt, urea, and a catalyst. These materials have blue to purple colors with a metallic luster and are soluble in sulfuric acid, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide. Their thermal stability is high in an anaerobic atmosphere with char yields of 80-85% at 800°C. Elemental, spectral, and titrimetric analyses and thermal studies were carried out to characterize them.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200711
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene induced by UV irradiation of Mo(CO)6Part 11 of “Polymerization of Phenylacetylenes.” For part 10, see ref. 1. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1043-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene was effected by the catalyst formed by UV irradiation of Mo(CO)6 in carbon tetrachloride to provide in high yield a polymer whose weight-average molecular weight reached 2 × 106. UV irradiation and an appropriate halogenated hydrocarbon were essential for the formation of active species. The formation of a metal carbene as active species was inferred. Poly(1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene) was a light-yellow solid having the structure $ \rlap{--} ({\rm CCl\dbondCPh\rlap{--} )}_n $. The polymer was soluble in aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, and a film could be formed from polymer solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200413
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons with sulfur (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1119-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization reactions of elemental sulfur with the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pyrene and chrysene were studied. Heating the hydrocarbons with sulfur produces a series of sulfur-containing oligomers in which the aromatic ring systems remain intact. Polymerization is effected through the dehydrogenative action of sulfur and leads to thermally stable five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring systems. The major loss of sulfur during subsequent heat treatment occurs only at carbonization temperatures above 1000°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200419
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex formation of amphiphilic polymers with azo dyes and their photoviscosity behavior (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1907-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydrophobic interaction of amphiphilic copolymers, which contain 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) and 1vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VPy), with Methyl Orange (MO) was compared with that of HEMA-acrylamide (AAm) copolymers to deduce the correlation between their complexation ability in a photochromic azo dye and the photoviscosity effect in aqueous copolymer/dye complex solution. On the basis of the dialysis data and fluorometric analysis it appeared that the complexation dependence on HEMA content in the copolymers was due to the hydrophobic interaction between the polymer and the dye. For a comparable HEMA content AAm copolymers bound less MO than VPy copolymers. It was confiied by photoviscosity measurements that the conformation of the complex composed of photochromic azo dye and HEMA copolymer changed reversibly in response to the photo- and thermal isomerization of the dye. In HEMA-AAm copolymer systems the photoviscosity effect was small compared with that of HEMA-VPy copolymer systems. From these results it was concluded that the complexation ability of polymers due to the hydrophobic interaction was an important factor in producing a large photoinduced conformational change in water.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200722
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    α-Acetoxystyrene as a comonomer for the formation of a polymeric initiator (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1941-1942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200725
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of a perchloratoacrylonitrileiridium complex (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1947-1948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200727
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of vinyl boronate copolymers and reactions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1949-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200728
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal volume viscosity of epoxide prepolymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1971-1984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Volume flow of epoxide prepolymers and the effect of compression rate, temperature, and molecular weight on it are described. An increase in longitudinal volume viscosity with decreasing volume deformation, increasing compression rate, and increasing temperature has been observed. The molecular weight seems to have no influence.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200801
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphiphilic block copolymer of 9-vinylphenanthrene and methacrylic acid: Fluorescence quenching of phenanthrene residue in aqueous medium (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2007-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amphiphilic block copolymers of 9-vinylphenanthrene (VPh) and methacrylic acid (MA) were prepared by a two-step living anionic polymerization of VPh and trimethylsilyl methacrylate followed by hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl ester groups. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, an oxidative quenching agent with amphiphilic nature, strongly quenched the fluorescence of phenanthrene groups in the block copolymer in aquecus solution. Apparent second-order rate constants kq for the quenching ranged in the magnitude of 1011-1012M-1 s-1 in the borate (pH 9) and phosphate (pH 7) buffers, whereas those in DMF solution were found to be ∼109M-1 s-1. No such difference in kq for the aqueous and DMF solutions was observed with the related random copolymer. The results suggest that a considerable increase in the effective concentration of the quencher around the VPh sequences in the block copolymer resulted from hydrophobic association. Fumaric acid (FA), an anionic quencher, did not quench the fluorescence of the copolymer at pH 9 and 7, presumably because of the lack of accessibility of the quencher to the copolymer due to electrostatic repulsion. However, in neat water in which only a part of the carboxyl groups of MA sequences are dissociated and therefore the charge effect is minimized, FA quenched the fluorescence, with the kq value approximating the diffusion control limit.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200804
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stabilizers on the preparation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2053-2061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previous investigators have indicated that stabilizers will block the transesterification catalyst in the preparation of PET by the DMT process. This was not the case when triphenyl phosphate (TPP) or Irganox 1010 was used as the stabilizer and manganous acetate as the catalyst. Stabilizers in this study included TPP, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), Irganox 1010, and Irganox 1222. Their effect on the properties of PET made by the TPA process was investigated. It was observed that TPP and TMP greatly reduced the carboxyl content of PET and that the others had little or no effect. All stabilizers lowered the diethylene glycol content of PET. The rate of polycondensation was slightly increased when a small amount of Irganox 1010, Irganox 1222, or TMP was added. Proper concentration of stabilizer should be chosen to obtain good stability and low diethylene glycol content. Among the five stabilizers studied TPP was the best with respect to carboxyl and diethylene glycol content and thermal stability. The concentration of TPP should be kept under 0.04% by weight of PET.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200808
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