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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 2 (1962), S. 40-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die pathologischen Merkmale der Minamata-Krankheit, einer durch den reichlichen Genuß von Fischen und Muscheln aus der Minamatabucht in Japan verursachten, ungewöhnlichen neurologischen Störung, und darauf bezügliche experimentelle Ergebnisse werden zusammengefaßt. Die Minamata-Krankheit ist eine toxische Encephalopathie, die durch Kleinhirnrindenatrophie vom Körnerzelltyp, den bevorzugten Befall der Calcarina und zu einem geringeren Grad durch degenerative Schädigungen anderer Rindengebiete gekennzeichnet ist. Manchmal sind Läsionen auch an anderen Stellen des Nervensystems zu finden. In anderen Organen treten keine oder nur geringfügige Veränderungen auf, außer gelegentlich Zellverfettung in Leber und Niere, Erosionen der Darmschleimhaut und Hypoplasie des Knochenmarkes. Nicht nur Menschen, sondern auch verschiedene Tiere, die sich von den Meerestieren in der Bucht ernähren, werden von der Krankheit befallen; es wird mit pathologischen Befunden belegt, daß sogar die in der Bucht lebenden Fische erkranken. Chemisch ist bei der Autopsie an Menschen und Tieren eine beträchtliche Menge von Quecksilber in den Organen nachzuweisen. Das Verhältnis des Quecksilbergehaltes im Gehirn zu dem in der Leber und Niere zeigt die Wesenszüge einer organischen Quecksilbervergiftung. Auf experimentellem Wege wird die Minamata-Krankheit durch die Fütterung von Tieren mit Fischen und Muscheln aus der Bucht hervorgerufen. Gleichartige Symptome und pathologische Befunde wurden erzielt, indem Tieren organische Quecksilberverbindungen, besonders Alkylquecksilberverbindungen wie Alkylquecksilbersulfid, verabreicht wurden. Gegenwärtig wird angenommen, daß die Minamata-Krankheit durch den Genuß von Fischen und Muscheln verursacht wird, welche eine unter besonderen Umständen auf eine bis jetzt noch unbekannte Art und Weise entstandene Alkylquecksilberverbindung mit der R-Hg-S-Gruppe enthalten.
    Notes: Summary The pathological features and experimental results of Minamata disease are summarized. This disease is an unusual neurological disorder resulting from eating a large amount of fish and shellfish of Minamata bay in Japan. Minamata disease is a toxic encephalopathy characterized by cerebellar atrophy of granule-cell type, preferential injury of both calcarine regions and degenerative disturbances, to a lesser degree, of other cortical areas. Other parts of the nervous system may occasionally be disturbed. There are little or no remarkable changes in organs other than the nervous system, except for an occasional fatty degeneration of the liver and kidney, erosion in the digestive tract, and hypoplasia of the bone marrow. This disease affects not only human beings, but also various animals eating seafood from the bay, and it is pathologically demonstrated that even fish in the bay can be affected with the disease. Chemically, an appreciable quantity of mercury is demonstrated in organs of the human and animal autopsy cases. The ratio between the mercury content of the brain and that of the liver and kidney reveals a characteristic pattern of organomercury poisoning. Experimentally, Minamata disease is produced by feeding animals with fish and shellfish from the bay. The identical symptoms and pathological findings have been produced by administering to animals some organic mercury compounds, particularly alkyl-mercuric compounds such as alkylmercuric sulfide. At the present stage it is assumed that Minamata disease is caused by eating fish and shellfish containing an alkylmercuric compound with the R-Hg-S-group, which is produced under specific circumstances by yet unknown processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A three-allele variant with Gc 2, Gc 1F and Gc 1A2 alleles was detected in both a baby and his mother during paternity testing by isoelectric focusing. His father had a normal Gc phenotype, Gc 2-1F. Further examination of his mother's relatives revealed that his grandfather also had the same three-allele variant, while his grandmother and his aunt had normal Gc 2-1F and Gc 2-2. From these results, it was considered that the Gc 1F and Gc 1A2 alleles were on the same single chromosome. It was suggested that recombination had occurred between two chromosomes that had the Gc 1F and Gc 1A2 allele, respectively, forming the variant allele Gc 1F1A2 on a single chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Debrisoquine ; Genetic polymorphism ; CYP2D6 ; drug metabolism ; pharmacogenetics ; Poland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genetic polymorphism of drug oxidation mediated by cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6) was determined in 154 Polish volunteers using debrisoquine as the test substance. The results showed a bimodal distribution of the debrisoquine metabolic ratio (MR). Nine persons (5.8%) with MR〉12.6 were classified as poor metabolisers (gene frequency 0.242), which is in substantial agreement with the data reported for other Caucasian populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm ; microaneurysm ; angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty operated cases of angiographically unrecognized microaneurysm (AUM) have been analysed with special reference to intra-operative observations and clipping-technique. Among the patients with intracranial aneurysms that the authors' facility has operated upon, the incidence of asymptomatic incidental AUM that was 2 mm or smaller amounted to 3.7%. Thirteen cases of AUM were found on the middle cerebral artery; four AUMs arose from the M1 portion, four from the bifurcation, and five from the second bifurcation. Sixty percent of AUMs were recognized on the parent arteries of ruptured aneurysms. In 90% of cases the AUMs were broad based in shape and in 70% of cases exhibited a thin-walled neck and a thin-walled fundus. Intra-operative findings revelaed four reasons why AUMs were not visible in the pre-operative angiograms: (1) the AUM was sandwiched between two arteries; (2) the AUM was completely hidden by a contiguous large or giant aneurysm; (3) the AUM was diagnosed by pre-operative angiogram as a bleb of the contiguous aneurysm; (4) the AUM was not visible on angiograms because the height of the AUM was extremely low. Twelve cases of AUM were successfully clipped using four different clipping techniques; (1) clipping parallel to the bifurcation in four, (2) clipping parallel to the parent artery in four, (3) pinch-clipping in two of the cases, and (4) cross clipping in two of the cases. The other eight cases were wrapped and coated. AUMs may be present during the direct operation of intracranial aneurysms and in intravascular surgery. Neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists need to explain the possible existence of AUMs to patients and their families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Hyperperfusion syndrome; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; transcranial doppler.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  We report 2 cases with haemorrhagic complications following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for carotid stenosis. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of these cases demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage in 1 case, and intracerebral haemorrhage in the other case on the next day after PTA. In the latter case, we measured cerebral blood flow velocity and mean transit time with transcranial doppler (TCD) and dynamic CT scan, which demonstrated remarkable increases in the blood flow velocity and peak height, respectively. From these results, postoperative hyperperfusion was suggested to have caused haemorrhagic complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; plasma waves and instabilities; wave-particle interactions).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation of upper hybrid waves associated with the ionospheric heating experiments is assumed to be essential in explaining some of the features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE). A direct conversion process is proposed as an excitation mechanism of the upper hybrid waves where the energy of an obliquely propagating electromagnetic pump wave is converted into the electrostatic upper hybrid waves due to small-scale density irregularities. We performed electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the energy conversion process in the ionospheric heating experiments. We studied dependence of the amplitude of the excited wave on the propagation angle of the pump wave, scale length of the density irregularity, degree of the irregularity, and thermal velocity of the plasma. The maximum amplitude is found to be 37% of the pump amplitude under an optimum condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We typed coded sera from 135 healthy controls, seventy-six patients with autoimmne goitrous and seventy-three with atrophic thyroiditis for IgG heavy chain markers (Gm). All subjects were Caucasian from Newfoundland. An increase in the Gm phenotype ag was found in the 149 patients with thyroiditis compared to controls (X12= 5.82, P 〈0.01); significance was, however, not maintained after correction for the number of variables tested. The difference in ag phenotype was more pronounced among the seventy-three patients with atrophic thyroiditis (X12= 8.80 corrected P 〈 0.05). Because the haplotype ag was not significantly increased in this group, we conclude that homozygotes for Gm ag are at an increased risk of developing atrophic thyroiditis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Individuals with selective absence of IgG1 and IgG2 were discovered by testing for allotypes and isotypes of the respective sub-classes. These individuals were homozygous for sub-class deleted Gm-Am haplotypes, as shown by allotype studies in two families (Gm-;…;g;A2ml/Gm-;n;b;A2ml and Gm-;n;b;A2ml/Gm-;…;b;A2ml) and by a population study of New Guineans (Gm fa;-;b;A2m2). The individuals with IgGl sub-class deficiency showed elevation of IgG2, IgG4 and in particular of IgG3.Gene deletion can result from unequal crossing over which renders a complementary chromosome with a duplication of a sub-class gene. In one family, duplication of γ3 genes was observed to have happened in one of a twin pair. Quantitation of sub-classes in families with γ1- and with γ3-duplicated haplotypes did not show increased levels of the gene involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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