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  • 1980-1984  (3,825)
  • 1983  (3,825)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,022)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (803)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1980-1984  (3,825)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wear Resistance of Liner Material for Extruding Non-ferrous AlloysExtruding Al and its alloys Cu, brass, Cu-Ni alloys and Ni on account of variable working conditions (as temperature) different liner materials are used.Processing Al martensitic hot work steels are successful in application. Working up copper high temperature resistant and austenitic steels are additional in use.The high-temperature strength of these materials is well-known.Based on the investigation of the high-temperature wear this paper presents several new considerations.
    Notes: Anforderungen an die Innenbüchsenwerkstoffe für das Strangpressen von Aluminiumlegierungen, Reinkupfer, Messing, Kupfer-Nickellegierungen und Reinnickel; Kriterien für die Stahlauswahl. Verschleißverhalten in Abhängigkeit von Werkstoffpaarung und Beanspruchungstemperatur; Warmfestigkeit von martensitischen Warmarbeitsstählen und hochwarmfesten Austeniten.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A45 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Siliciumnitrid: Gefüge, Eigenschaften und neue HerstellungsverfahrenAnhand der Korrelation zwischen einigen wichtigen Gefügeparametern und verschiedenen mechanischen, thermischen und thermomechanischen Eigenschaften von heißgepreßtem und reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid wird die Forderung nach einer weiteren Verbesserung der Eigenschaften und nach einer ökonomischeren Herstellung von Siliciumnitrid durch Anwendung neuer Verfahren aufgezeigt. Die Aussichten und Probleme bei den verschiedenen neuen Verfahren, dem Sintern von verdichteten Si3N4 - Pulverkörpern, dem Nachsintern von reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid und den verschiedenen Methoden des heißisostatischen Pressens, werden diskutiert.Die Arbeit ist in 2 Teile unterteilt:Teil I: Einfluß des Gefüges auf die mechanischen, thermischen und thermomechanischen Eigenschaften von Siliciumnitrid.Teil II: Neue Herstellungsverfahren von Siliciumnitrid.In Teil I wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Gefüge und verschiedenen mechanischen, thermischen und thermomechanischen Eigenschaften von heißgepreßtem und reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid diskutiert, wie Bruchfestigkeit, Temperaturleitfähigkeit und Thermoschockverhalten. Aufbauend auf dieser Korrelation werden die heutigen Grenzen von Siliciumnitrid für eine breitere Anwendung sowie die Möglichkeiten für eine Optimierung dieser Materialgruppe dargelegt. Diese Diskussion zeigt sehr deutlich, daß es notwendig ist, einige wichtige Eigenschaften weiter zu verbessern und neue Herstellungsverfahren zu entwickeln. In Teil II der Arbeit werden die Entwicklungsrichtungen dieser neuen Herstellungsverfahren für Siliciumnitrid aufgezeigt. Es wird ein Überblick über die in jüngster Zeit erzielten Fortschritte bei der Anwendung dieser Verfahren gegeben. Als Beispiel für ein neues Herstellungsverfahren werden Ergebnisse vom heißisostatischen Pressen von reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid diskutiert.
    Notes: Based on the correlation of some essential microstructural parameters and various mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of hot-pressed and reaction-bonded silicon nitride, the demand for further improving the properties of silicon nitride and for developing a more economical fabrication of silicon nitride by applying new processing techniques is indicated. Aspects and problem areas of various new techniques, such as sintering of Si3N4-powder compacts and post-sintering of reaction-bonded silicon nitride as well as the various routes of hot-isostatic pressing, are discussed. The paper is divided into two parts:Part I: Microstructural effects on mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of silicon nitride.Part II: New processing techniques of silicon nitride.In part I the relationship between microstructure and various mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of hot-pressed and reaction-bonded silicon nitride, such as fracture strength, thermal diffusivity and thermal shock resistance, is discussed. On the basis of this correlation today's limits of silicon nitride regarding a broader application, and the possibilities for optimizing this material group are outlined. This discussion demonstrates the necessity of further improving some important properties and of developing new processing techniques. In part II the development lines of these new techniques for silicon nitride processing are discussed and a survey is given of recent progresses in the use of those techniques. As an example of a new processing technique, results of hot-isostatic pressing of reaction-bonded silicon nitride are presented in more detail.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Creep Tests with HDPE Pipes under the Influence of Several FluidsThe results of long term creep tests with unwelded and welded HDPE pipes under the influence of several fluids are presented. It is shown that the resistance factors determined by the investigations of tubes are also valid for welded constructions, when the long term weld factors in DVS 2205, Blatt 1 are taken in consideration.
    Notes: Es werden die Ergebnisse von Zeitstandinnendruckversuchen an ungeschweißten und geschweißten Rohren aus HDPE im Kontakt mit einigen chemischen Medien vorgestellt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die an ungeschweißten Rohren ermittelten Resistenzfaktoren auch für geschweißte Bauteile gelten, wenn man die in Merkblatt DVS 2205 Blatt 1 angegebenen Langzeitschweißfaktoren berücksichtigt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 41-44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Weitere Überlegungen zur Entwicklung von Oberflächenfehlern bei stabilem WachstumAuf Grundlage einer früheren Arbeit [1] wird eine allgemeingültige Beziehung für die Entwicklung der Kontur von Oberflächenrissen angegeben. Für Zugbeanspruchung wird eine analytische Funktion hergeleitet, mit der auf einfache Weise Parameterstudien betrieben werden können. Für andere Lastfälle müssen dagegen weiterhin numerische Verfahren angewendet werden. Das Rißwachstumsverhalten von Oberflächenrissen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Based on results of a previous paper [1] a general formula for the development of the shape of surface cracks is presented. In case of tension an analytical solution is presented, which allows a very easy parameter study. For other loading conditions solutions can be obtained, using numerical calculations. The behaviour of surface crack growth development is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 57-57 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 72-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations Into the Corrosion of Three Steels and one Nickel Alloy in Mono- and Trichloroacetic AcidThe corrosion resistance of three steels and one nickel alloy was investigated in aqueous and nonaqueous monochloroacetic acid and in nonaqueous trichloroacetic acid at various temperatures.There is no difference in the corrosion behaviour of the steels whereas the resistance of the nickel alloy is better in all cases by a factor 10. In aqueous monochloroacetic acid the corrosion attack is due to the hydrolytic formation of hydrochloric acid. Nonaqueous monochloroacetic acid behaves more corrosive than nonaqueous trichloroacetic acid.
    Notes: Die Korrosion von drei Stählen und einer Nickellegierung wurde in wäßriger und wasserfreier Monochloressigsäure sowie wasserfreier Trichloressigsäure bei verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht. In allen Korrosiosystemen verhalten sich die Stähle etwa gleich, die Nickellegierung wird etwa um den Faktor 10 geringer angegriffen.In wäßriger Monochloressigsäure wird die Korrosion durch hydrolytisch gebildete Salzsäure verursacht. In wasserfreiem Zustand ist Monochloressigsäure deutlich aggressiver als Trichloressigsäure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 290-298 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 350-356 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 39 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 367-382 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Stress Intensity Factors from Isochromatics by means of a Multiparameter-Multipoint-MethodA multi-parameter-multiple-point method (VPVP-method) for determination of mode-1 stress intensity factors from isochromatic fringe patterns has been developed and tested in connection with practical examples. In particular the stress field behaviour in compact-tension specimens is thoroughly investigated where variable numbers of series coefficients in the stress field expansion and a variety of data-point combinations featuring remoted and close field influences has been utilized. Cracks approaching free specimen boundaries have been given special attention.
    Notes: Eine Vielparameter-Vielpunkt-Methode (VPVP-Methode) zur Bestimmung von mode-1 Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren von Rissen aus Isochromatenbildern wird entwickelt und an praktischen Beispielen geprüft. Ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeit auf Kompaktzugproben wird untersucht, wobei unterschiedliche Koeffizientenanzahlen und Datenpunktkombinationen zur Bestimmung von Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren aus verschiedenen randnahen und entfernten Isochromatenbildern um die Rißspitze in einer CT-Probe verwendet werden.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A120 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A60 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A89 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 322-324 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A103 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 336-341 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Mechanical Models and Constitutive Equations with Regard to the Internal Damaging in Uniaxial Tension and CreepA modification of the Maxwell-Thomson equation for the standard solid of the linear theory of viscoelasticity is presented taking into account the internal damaging. The status of the modified constitutive equations are discussed in the frame of a more general theory. These equations describe the mechanical behaviour of materials in the tension test, for example beyond the yield stress, and in the creep test, for example with registration of all creep phases. The considerations presented in this paper can be generalized for all linear and nonlinear models or constitutive equations respectively.
    Notes: Die Maxwell-Thomson-Gleichung des Standardkörpers der linearen Viskoelastizitätstheorie wird durch formale Berücksichtigung der Werkstoffschädigung modifiziert. Die Stellung der damit gegebenen einfachen mechanischen Zustandsgleichungen im Rahmen allgemeiner Beziehungen wird erörtert. Die aufgestellten Gleichungen beschreiben das mechanische Verhalten der Werkstoffe im Zugversuch, z. B. von Polypropylen über den Streckspannungsbereich hinaus, und im Zeitstandversuch, z.B. mit Erfassung aller Kriechstadien. Die dargestellten Überlegungen lassen sich auf alle linearen und nichtlinearen Modelle bzw. Zustandsgleichungen übertragen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A112 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 253-257 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gaslegieren mittels LaseraufheizungStähle lassen sich durch eine Laser-Wärmebehandlung härten. Eine Änderung der Oberflächenzusammensetzung bewirkt eine Erhöhung der Härtbarkeit. Indem die Laserbehandlung in einer geeigneten Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird, kann die Zusammensetzung während des Härtevorgangs simultan verändert werden. Dies wird an zwei Stählen in verschiedenen Atmosphären Argon, Luft, Stickstoff, CO2 und Acetylen gezeigt.
    Notes: Laser heat treatment can be used to harden steel. By changing the surface composition the hardenability can be increased. The surface composition can be changed most simply by carrying out the Laser treatment in an appropriate atmosphere. This is demonstrated by variously treating two steels in argon, air, nitrogen, CO2 and acetylene.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 264-271 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoretical Considerations on the Solidification Behaviour of Rapidly Quenched MeltsThe rapid heating, cooling and solidification processes on laser surface melting are calculated. The influence of the laser operating parameters e.g. beam energy density, melting speed and the resultant depth of melt on the solidification parameters cooling rate, solidification rate and temperature gradient is shown. By combining the cooling curves and TTT (CT) curves an attempt can be made to predict the resulting grain size. The use of the programmes is demonstrated for other quenching methods e.g. melt spinning, powder atomizing.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die beim Laserumschmelzen ablaufenden schnellen Aufheiz-, Abkühl- und Erstarrungsvorgänge berechnet. Es wird gezeigt, welchen Einfluß die Laserparameter Leistungsdichte, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit und Einschmelztiefe auf die für die Erstarrung relevanten Größen Abschreckgeschwindigkeit, Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit und Temperaturgradient haben. Durch Kombination der Abkühlkurven mit TTT-Kurven (CT-Kurven) wird versucht, die entstehende mittlere Korngröße vorherzusagen. Beispielhaft wird die Übertragbarkeit der verwendeten Rechenprogramme auf andere Abschreckmethoden (Melt-Spinning, Powder-Atomizing) gezeigt.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 278-283 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: ARALL (Aramid Fibre Reinforced Aluminum Laminate)-A New Fatigue Resistant Hybrid CompositeHigh fuel expenses and the tendency to build larger aircrafts are two main factors forcing the aircraft engineers to develop structures which allow for higher design stress levels. Higher design stress levels require an increasing concern with the fatigue behavior of the structure. One way to solve the problem is to develop new high strength fatigue resistant materials. In this paper a material of this type is presented: ARALL, an aramid fibre reinforced aluminum laminate. This hybrid material consists of thin sheets of a high strength aluminum alloy which are bonded together. Into the bond-line thin layers of aramid fibres are embedded.As soon as fatigue cracks are initiated in the metallic part of the hybrid composite material during the fatigue loading, the strong and fatigue insensitive aramid fibres remain unbroken behind the propagating crack. They hinder the crack opening and reduce the stress intensity factor at the crack tip in the metal part of the hybrid composite. This mechanism leads to a significant reduction of the crack growth and can be enhanced by introducing favourable residual stresses into the hyb- rid material. For an optimized ARALL material an aluminum sheet thickness of about 0.5 mm and an aramid layer thickness of about 0.25 mm (with a fibre volume content of about 40-50%) are chosen.ARALL decreases the crack growth rates by orders of magnitude, as compared to monolithic aluminum sheets, and is an extremely damage tolerant material.
    Notes: Hohe Kraftstoffkosten und die Tendenz zu größeren Flugzeugen sind zwei Faktoren, die die Luftfahrtzeug-Konstrukteure zwingen, immer höhere Entwurfspannungen zu wählen. Für die verwendeten Konstruktionswerkstoffe bedeutet dies, daß ihr Ermüdungsverhalten immer wichtiger wird. Dieses Problem kann durch die Entwicklung neuer ermüdungsunempfindlicher hochfester Leichtbauwerkstoffe gelöst werden. In diesem Bericht wird ein neuer Werkstoff vorgestellt, der diesen Forderungen entgegenkommt. Es handelt sich um den aramidfaserverstärkten Aluminiumschicht-Verbundwerkstoff ARALL. Der Hybridverbundwerkstoff besteht aus dünnen, unplattierten Aluminiumblechen einer hochfesten Aluminiumlegierung, die mit einem Metallkleber verbunden sind. In den Kleber sind hochfeste Aramidfasern eingebracht. Treten im Laufe der Lebensdauer eines solchen Werkstoffs Ermüdungsrisse im metallischen Teil des Hybridverbundes auf, so bleiben die hochfesten ermüdungsunempfindlichen Aramidfasern weiterhin intakt und behindern die Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeit erheblich herabgesetzt. Diese Rißfortschrittsverzögerung kann noch dadurch erheblich gesteigert werden, daß günstige Eigenspannungen in das Laminat eingebracht werden. Als optimal kann ein Aufbau des ARALL-Werkstoffs angesehen werden, wenn die Aluminiumblechstärke etwa 0,5 mm und die Dicke der aramidfaserverstärkten Schicht etwa 0,25 mm (bei einem Faservolumenanteil von 40-50%) betragen.In bereits durchgeführten Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen wurden bei ARALL Reduktionen in der Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeit im Vergleich zu konventionellen Aluminiumlegierungen bis zu einem Faktor von 1000 beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of Computer-Controlled Hot Plane Strain Compression Tests for Investigation of Material BehaviourDuring the test the data of specimen temperature, deformation load and ram displacement are collected and stored. The flow curves evaluated predict actual mill loads and can be used to measure softening processes. The differentiation of the cooling curve of the deformed specimen provides information about transformation kinetics. A rather large specimen enables a comprehensive material testing of the simulated processing with the aim of the optimization of thermomechanical treatment.
    Notes: Während des Versuchsablaufs werden kontinuierlich die Probentemperatur, die Stauchkraft und der Werkzeugweg digital erfaßt und weiter ausgewertet. Die Ermittlung von Fließkurven ermöglicht Aussagen über die Umformkräfte und das Entfestigungsverhalten des Werkstoffs. Die differenzierten Abkühlkurven der gestauchten Probe liefern Informationen über den Umwandlungsablauf im Gefüge. Die Größe der Flachstauchprobe erlaubt eine umfassende Werkstoffprüfung nach der Simulation und damit eine Optimierung thermomechanischer Behandlungsverfahren.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A100 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A102 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Mechanics Investigations on Cast AluminiumAluminium castings cannot be massproduced economically without casting pores or similar flaws.These flaws must, however, be avoided, at least in the highly stressed regions of cast safety components of automobiles by changes in design or casting procedure. In other regions flaws up to a certain size can be tolerated if it can be shown by calculation and experiment that cracks either will not propagate from these flaws or at least will not reach critical size during the life of the component.Cast aluminium wheels are an example of such a component. Their allowable flaw sizes were determined in the following way: -The stresses occuring in service wer measured in 17 locations in a test rig in the laboratory and on a race track.-The crack propagation characteristics and the ΔKth-values of the cast aluminium material were determined.-Crack propagation was calculated under the stresses measured in service; based on these measured stresses and the fracture mechanics characteristics, locations were selected in the cast aluminium wheel where no flaws can be allowed; in other locations with lower stresses the allowable flaw sizes were calculated with a large safety factor.
    Notes: Bei gegossenen Aluminium-Bauteilen des Kraftfahrzeugbaues, z. B. bei Rädern, sind Lunker, Poren usw. nicht sicher vermeidbar. Sie können toleriert werden, wenn experimentell und rechnerisch nachgewiesen wird, daß sie mit genügender Sicherheit während der vorgesehenen Betriebszeit nicht zu Schäden führen.Unter der auf der sicheren Seite liegenden Annahme, daß sich ein Lunker gegenüber statischen und schwingenden Beanspruchungen wie ein Ermüdungsriß verhält, kann man mit Hilfe der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik die Festigkeit des betreffenden Bauteils mit Lunkern gegenüber statischen und schwingenden Beanspruchungen berechnen. Daher wurde in zwei Schritten ein auf der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik beruhendes Versuchsprogramm durchgeführt, um festzustellen, ob, an welchen Stellen, und bis zu welcher Größe Lunker in gegossenen Pkw-Aluminium-Rädern toleriert werden können. Hierfür wurde u.a. ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der „bruchmechanischen Dauerfestigkeit“ verwendet.Wie gezeigt wird, schreiten Risse von zulässigen Lunkern unter Betriebsbeanspruchungen entweder überhaupt nicht for oder werden nur wenig länger.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 342-350 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tribological Behaviour of Filled Polymers and CompositesThe friction and wear behaviour of polymer-steel sliding couples may be changed considerably by using filled polymers. In course of an extensive research work the effect of additions of glass fibers, graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEF) to polymers for higher temperatures was tested. Additionally the tribological behaviour of PTFE-lead-composite in DU-bearing material was examined. The results show that friction and wear may be reduced by fillers depending on the operating variables. The results can be interpreted by means of the observed tribophysical surface and contact processes.
    Notes: Das Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten von Kunststoff-Stahl-Gleitpaarungen kann durch Verwendung von Kunststoffen mit Zusatzstoffen erheblich verändert werden. Im Rahmen einer umfangreichen Forschungsarbeit wurde untersucht, wie sich der Zusatz von Glasfasern, Graphit und Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) in hochwärmebeständigen Kunststoffen auswirkt. Zusätzlich wurde das tribologische Verhalten einer PTFE-Blei-Komponente in einem DU-Lagerwerkstoff untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich in Abhängigkeit von den Beanspruchungsbedingungen Reibung und Verschleiß durch Zusatzstoffe verringern lassen. Eine Erklärung ist anhand der beobachteten tribophysikalischen Grenzflächen- und Kontaktvorgänge möglich.
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  • 37
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A105 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 38
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 365-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stabile Geometrie von Oberflächenrissen bei Rißwachstum durch ErmüdungDie sich bei einer Ermüdungsbeanspruchung einstellende Rißgeometrie unter überlagerter Zug- und Biegebeanspruchung wird mit verschiedenen Annahmen berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen im Vergleich zu den in [1] publizierten Resultaten geringe Unterschiede.
    Notes: Final crack aspect ratios are calculated for alternating combined tension and bending loading using different assumptions. The results are compared with those published in [1] showing small differences.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 40
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A4 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 41
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 24-31 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effects of Aging in Inert Gas at 800 to 1000 °C on the Mechanical Properties of X 10 NiCrAlTi32 20 Type AlloysSpecimens of three casts of a X 10 NiCrAlTi32 20 type alloy with different carbon contents (0,04, 0,08 and 0,33 wt%) were annealed at 800, 900 and 1000°C between 6 and 900 h. Tensile- and notched bar impact-tests were performed at room temperature to characterize the changes of mechanical properties due to the heat treatments. The structural changes were recorded by optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The formation of fine dispersed M23C6-precipitates leads to hardening effects, which are lost by coarsening with longer annealing time or higher temperatures, where an embrittlement occurs. Only the low carbon version exhibits a dominant precipitation of Ti(C, N), especially at 1000°C, which maintains its ductility.
    Notes: Versuchsdurchführung unter Argonatmosphäre bei 800, 900 und 1000 °C - mechanische Kennwerte bei Raumtemperatur in Abhängigkeit von Prüftemperatur und Auslagerzeit - licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchung des Mikrogefüges - Zuordnung mechanischer Kennwerte und Mikrogefüge.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 43
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A18 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 44
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 45
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A20 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 46
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 70-71 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A24 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 48
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Constitutive Equations for Inelastic Analysis with Reference to the Austenitic Stainless Steel X 6 CrNi 18 11 (Type 304 ss)The design analysis of high temperature components requires stress-strain relations for structural materials under consideration. These are to be based on quantitative descriptions of the mechanical behaviour under the conditions of operation.Average stress-strain relations for the time-independent and time-dependent material behavior are derived for a representative product form of the stainless steel X 6 CrNi 18 11 by means of the actual data from a set of tensile and creep experiments.The actual data at temperatures of 20°C and 550°C are compared with the derived average constitutive relations. The results are discussed and compared with literature data for the corresponding American steel AISI 304 ss and the Japanese steel SUS 304, resp.
    Notes: Zum Festigkeitsnachweis von im Hochtemperaturbereich betriebenen Komponenten werden für hochbeanspruchte Konstruktionsbereiche inelastische Spannungs-Dehnungsanalysen auf der Grundlage quantitativer Beschreibungen des Werkstoffverhaltens benötigt.Anhand einer realen Meßdatengesamtheit aus Zug- und Kriechversuchen werden für eine repräsentative Halbzeugform des Stahles X 6 CrNi 18 11 die mittleren Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehungen für das zeitunabhängige und zeitabhängige Materialverhalten abgeleitet. Bei Temperaturen von 20°C und 550°C werden die Meßdaten einer typischen Materiallieferung den abgeleiteten mittleren werkstoffmechanischen Beziehungen vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Das Ergebnis wird diskutiert und mit Literaturwerten für den artgleichen amerikanischen Stahl AISI 304 ss sowie den entsprechenden japanischen Stahl SUS 304 verglichen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 98-105 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterisation of Adherence of Precious Alloy to Dental CeramicLaminated metal-ceramic composites were produced from two Aubase alloys and two ceramic powders. For part of the specimen an extra Aurich layer was brought into the metal-ceramic interface. Microscopic investigations showed enrichment of non precious alloying elements in the metallic region adjacent to the interface and a sheet of enhanced porosity (about 5-15%) in the ceramic region adjacent to the interface. After producing a Chevron notch in the interface the composite specimens were fractured in a controlled mode in four point bending. As the crack was at least partly running along the ceramic zone of enhanced porosity near the interface, the average crack resistance R̄ of the interface could be determined. In specimens without an extra Au-rich layer R̄ was between 3 and 12 J/m2 and thus less than the R̄-value of the ceramic (R̄ 12 J/m2). The relatively large scatter is supposed to be mainly due to internal stresses. Specimens containing an extra Au-rich layer showed high R̄-values (up to 36 J/m2) due to good interlocking of metal and ceramic.
    Notes: Aus zwei Edelmetall-Aufbrennlegierungen und zwei keramischen Massen der Dentaltechnik wurden Metall-Keramik-Schichtverbundproben hergestellt, wobei bei einem Teil der Proben zusätzlich eine goldreiche Schicht zwischen die Verbundpartner eingebracht wurde. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte, daß sich metallseitig an der Grenzfläche unedle Legierungsbestandteile angereichert hatten und keramikseitig eine flächenhafte Zone erhöhter Porosität (etwa 5-15%) gebildet wurde. Die in der Grenzfläche mit einem Spitzkerb versehenen Proben wurden im Vierpunktbiegeversuch bei Raumtemperatur kontrolliert gebrochen. Der Riß verlief zumindest teilweise in der grenzflächennahen, porösen Zone der Keramik, so daß der mittlere Rißwiderstand R̄ der Grenzfläche bestimmt werden konnte. Für Proben ohne goldreiche Zwischenschicht lag R̄ zwischen 3 und 12 J/m2 und damit in der Regel niedriger als in der Keramik (etwa 12 J/m2). Die relativ große Streuung wird vorwiegend auf herstellungsbedingte innere Spannungen zurückgeführt. Für die hohen R̄-Werte der Proben mit goldreicher Zwischenschicht (bis 36 J/m2) wird die gute Verzahnung zwischen Metall und Keramik als ursächlich angesehen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, the results of several years of research work by the authors on the microstructure of In-Situ composites are reviewed. Alloy systems investigated are the fibrous Al—Ni and cobalt-base superalloy Co—Cr—C, and the lamellar Al—Cu and Co—W. The effect of solidification variables and off-eutectic compositions on the micro-structure of Al—Ni Co—W and Al—Cu systems was studied. The influence of heat flow direction on the microstructure of Al—Ni was examined. Post solidification isothermal annealing was performed for Al—Cu and Co—Cr—C alloy and thermal cycling regimes were imposed on the Co—Cr—C alloy and the microstructure variations were examined. Computer simulation of directional, solidification to study the heat flow pattern in the metal and mould was also performed. It was found that low growth rates, high temperature gradients, eutectic composition and pure materials favor a planar solidification front and an aligned structure. Increasing the growth rate resulted in finer structures. The thermal stability of In-Situ composites was found to be reasonably good due to the strong interfacial bond between matrix and reinforcement in this class of composites.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A53 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 164-170 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterization of Aluminium Oxide LayersAdhesive bonding aluminium sheets is a manufacturing process which is very relevant in aircraft construction. In order to produce bonds featuring adequate strength and long-term stability, an aluminium oxide layer having certain properties must be generated on the sheet surface during pretreatment.The properties of aluminium oxide layers which are required and adequate in the light of current findings are delineated in this paper and the analytics prepared for the purpose of checking these properties are presented.Al2O3 layers produced by means of pickling and chromic acid and phosphoric acid anodic oxidation can be characterized adequately by means of the following: chemical composition (impurity)layer thicknessstructuremorphologyThe following methods of physical analysis are employed in order to determine these properties: Surface analysis (AES, ESCA, SIMS) in conjunction with ion etching for the obtention of depth profiles.Electron diffraction in reflection and transmission as well as X-ray diffraction.High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (resolution 30 Å).Transmission electron microscopy.Further more, the methods of investigation which in our opinion are necessary and adequate for checking in the practice the proper pretreatment of aluminium sheets for subsequent bonding are also presented.
    Notes: Das Verkleben von Aluminiumblechen ist im Flugzeugbau ein wichtiges Fertigungsverfahren. Um Klebeverbindungen ausreichender Festigkeit und Langzeitbeständigkeit herzustellen, muß bei der Vorbehandlung der Bleche auf der Blechoberfläche eine Aluminiumoxidschicht erzeugt werden, die bestimmte Eigenschaften aufweist.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die nach dem heutigen Erkenntnisstand notwendigen und hinreichenden Eigenschaften von Aluminiumoxidschichten aufgezeigt und die zur Überprüfung dieser Eigenschaften erarbeitete Analytik vorgestellt.Al2O3-Schichten, die durch Pickling-Beizen, Chromsäure- und Phosphorsäureanodisieren erzeugt werden, können durch die Chemische Zusammensetzung (Verunreinigung)SchichtdickeStrukturMorphologie hinreichend charakterisiert werden. Zur Ermittlung dieser Eigenschaften werden folgende Methoden der physikalischen Analytik eingesetzt: Oberflächenanalyse (AES, ESCA, SIMS) in Verbindung mit Ionenätzen zur Erstellung von Tiefenprofilen.Elektronenbeugung in Reflexion und Durchstrahlung sowie Röntgenbeugung.Hochauflösungsrasterelektronenmikroskopie (Auflösung ∼ 30 Å)Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie.Des weiteren werden die, unseres Erachtens für die Praxis notwendigen und hinreichenden. Untersuchungsmethoden für die Überprüfung der ordnungsgemäßen Vorbehandlung von Aluminiumblechen für das anschließende Verkleben angegeben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A55 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A58 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Testing the Plastic Behaviour of Metallic Materials by Torsion TestsThe torsion test on cylindrical bars (bulk material) and the plane torsion test on thin sheet which has been developed recently are described and discussed with respect to their communities and their differences.In the torsion test on cylindrical bars the experimental data are conventionally used for calculating shear stress and shear strain for the specimen surface. However, the material properties are strongly distorted at the surface; therefore it is recommended to calculate shear stress and shear strain for a „critical radius“ for which shear stress is only weakly depend on the properties of the estimated shape of flow curve. It is shwon that for this critical radius, stress and strain are almost independent of the notch effect caused by the shape of specimen.For the plane torsion test on thin sheet a “critical radius” is defined by the condition that shear strain is only weakly dependent on the properties of the estimated shape of flow curve.The calculation of stress and strain for the “critical radius” seems to result in a loss of information. However, the flow curve obtained this way is more reliable than that one obtained by the conventional method.
    Notes: Der Torsionsversuch an Rundstäben (massives Probenmaterial) und der neuartige ebene Torsionsversuch an dünnen Blechen werden beschrieben und im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede diskutiert.Beim Torsionsversuch an Rundstäben werden aus den Meßdaten herkömmlicherweise Schubspannung und Schiebung für die Außenfaser (Mantelfläche) der Probe berechnet. Dies ist aber physikalisch nicht sinnvoll, da die Außenfaser ein Ort gestörten Zustandes (Grenzschicht) ist. Deshalb wird die Versuchsauswertung für einen „kritischen Radialabstand“ empfohlen, für den die Schubspannung möglichst wenig abhängt von den Eigenschaften einer geschätzten Näherungslösung für die Fließkurve. Es wird gezeigt, daß für diesen Radialabstand Schiebung und Schubspannung auch nahezu unabhängig sind von durch die Probengestalt bedingten Kerbeinflüssen.Für den ebenen Torsionsversuch an dünnen Blechen wird ein „kritischer Radialabstand“ definiert durch die Forderung, daß die Schiebung möglichst wenig abhängt von den Eigenschaften einer geschätzten Näherungslösung für die Fließkurve.Die Versuchsauswertung für den „kritischen Radialabstand“ führt bei beiden Versuchen zu einem scheinbaren Informationsverlust; sie liefert jedoch zuverlässigere Ergebnisse als die herkömmliche Vorgehensweise.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 220-220 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 58
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 59
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Entwicklung der Anwendung von CO2-Lasern in der MaterialbearbeitungDie Anwendungen des CO2-Lasers in der Werkstoffkunde werden gezeigt. Beispiele aus den Gebieten des Laserschneidens, -schweißens und der Oberflächenbehandlung mit und ohne Oberflächenschmelzen bzw -legieren werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The applications of CO2-lasers in Materials Technology are presented Examples in the areas of laser cutting, laser welding, surface heat treatment with and without melting and alloying are discussed.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 244-252 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of the Process Parameters on Quenching Rates in Laser Melting of Ledeburitic SteelsOn quenching, surface melted ledeburitic steels solidify dendritically. The secondary arm separation can be used to estimate the cooling rate and hence enables the effect of the operating conditions on the cooling rate to be assessed. In general, the residual melt solidifies as an eutectic or as chromium carbide or a mixture of chromium carbide and iron. The resultant carbide net and the resultant grain refinement change the hardness of the surface. The hardness can be controlled by varying the quenching rate in surface melting and if necessary a subsequent heat treatment.
    Notes: Beim Umschmelzen der Oberfläche ledeburitischer Stähle erstarren diese Stähle in dendritischer Form. Aus dem sekundären Dendritenarmabstand läßt sich die Abschreckgeschwindigkeit ermitteln. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit den Einfluß der Versuchsparameter auf die Abschreckgeschwindigkeit nach dem Umschmelzen zu untersuchen. Im allgemeinen beobachtet man ein eutektisches oder monolitisches Erstarren der Restschmelze in Form von Chromkarbid bzw. Chromkarbid und Eisen. Das so entstandene Karbidnetz und die durch das Karbidnetz aufgetretene Kornfeinung verändern die Härte der umgeschmolzenen Oberfläche. Damit kann über die unterschiedliche Abschreckgeschwindigkeit die Härte nach dem Umschmelzen und einer gegebenenfalls durchzuführenden Wärmebehandlung bereits durch die Versuchsparameter festgelegt werden.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 272-277 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Advanced Simulation Technique of Hot DeformationFor simulation of modern hot working processes plane strain compression tests on a computer-controlled hot deformation simulator (WUMSI) are applied. The merits of this method and the latest developments of the experimental technique are described.
    Notes: Die Simulation moderner Warmumformverfahren erfolgt im Flachstauchversuch an einem rechnergesteuerten Warmumformsimulator (WUMSI). Die Vorteile der Methode und die Verbesserungen im Versuchsaufbau und -ablauf, die kürzlich durchgeführt wurden, werden beschrieben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 289-289 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 298-305 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Herstellung von komplizierten Bauteilen auf galvanischem Wege - Anwendungen in der Kernfusionstechnik und LuftfahrtDas Verfahren der Galvanoformung wird in der modernen Fertigungstechnik häufig zur Herstellung komplizierter Bauteile eingesetzt.Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Berichtes werden verschiedene Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technik aufgezeigt wie z. B. -Herstellung von Konzentratoren für 100-kW-Solarenergieanlagen-Fertigung wassergekühlter Gitter, Boxen und Targets für die Fusionstechnik (JET, Joint European Torus)-Serienfertigung von Erosionsschutzprofilen für die Luftfahrt-Herstellung kompakter Windkanalmodelle.Die zur galvanischen Abscheidung dicker Metallschichten eingesetzten Elektrolyte (Nickel, Kupfer), ihre Zusammensetzung sowie die Verfahrenstechnik werden detailliert beschrieben und diskutiert.Abschließend wird eine Zusammenstellung weiterer Anwendungsfälle geliefert.
    Notes: Electroforming is a modern production technique for complicated structures. Within the presented paper applications of this technique will be discussed in the following field: -fabrication of concentrators for 100 kW solar energy plants-production of water-cooled screens, boxes and targets for nuclear fusion experiments (Joint European Torus, JET)-large scale fabrication of erosion protection shapes for aeroplanes-fabrication of compact wind tunnel models.Composition of electroforming electrolytes (nickel, copper), bath parameters and process technology will be discussed in detail.Additionally a short review on former application will be given.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 324-324 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 66
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 311-322 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Pump Material-Investigations Under Flow Conditions Close to PracticeThe major goals of these investigations can be described as follows: -design, construction and test of laboratory appraratus to study the resistance of pump impellers under corrosive and erosive attack in various aggressive media,-simulation of flow conditions characteristics for pumps as close to practice as possible to study the non-uniform attack in corrosive media of various type, concentration and temperature.The following materials were used in these studies: -a ferritic-austenitic cast stainless steel of type 0,03% C - 24% Ni - 20% Cr - 6% Ni - 2,5% Mo - 3% Cu - 0,15% N (German designation: G-X3 CrNiMoCuN24 6)-a purely austenitic cast stainless steel of type 0,07% C - 25% Ni - 20% Cr - 3% Mo - 2% Cu - 0,25% Nb (German designation: G-X 7 NiCrMoCuNb 25 20, Werkstoff-No. 1.4500).The investigations were concentrated on the corrosion and erosioncorrosion behaviour of these steels in static and flowing sulfuric acid of various concentrations and temperatures. The effect of flow conditions of the acid was studied by evaluating the weight losses of the materials in three different apparaturs: the rotating disc, the once-through tube and the impeller with tube-shaped flow canals.The main result of these studis was the well exposed effect of flow conditions of the acid on the corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviour of the materials. A detailed analysis shows that: 1there is the well-known decrease of the corrosion resistance of both materials under flow in the rotating disc apparatus.2there is, however, an increase of the corrosion resistance in the tube and model impeller apparatus compared to static solutions.3there is a strong increase of the corrosion rate in the region of active corrosion itself under any flow condition of the acid.4there are three types of corrosive attack occuring on the duplex stainless steel independent of the flow of the sulfuric acid: -uniform corrosion,-selective corrosion of the femte,-selective corrosion of the austenite.5there is a region of undefined corrosion behaviour separating the range of corrosion resistance from that of active corrosion for the duplex as well as for the austenitic stainless steel.
    Notes: Ziel der Untersuchung war die Entwicklung, der Bau und die Erprobung einer Versuchseinrichtung, mit der im Labormaßstab definierte pumpenspezifische Strömungszustände simuliert werden können, um in Angriffsmitteln unterschiedlicher Art, Konzentration und Temperatur Ausschluß über die nicht gleichmäßige Abtragung an Kreisel-pumpen-Laufrädern zu erhalten.Untersucht wurden der austenitisch-ferritische Stahlguß G-X3 CrNiMoCuN24 6 (Werkstoff II) und der austenitische Stahlguß G-X7 NiCrMoCuNb 25 20 (Werkstoff II).Der Strömungseinfluß wurde mit der rotierenden Scheibe, mit dem durchströmten Rohr und mit einer Versuchspumpe mit rohförmigen Prüfkörpern im Laufrad untersucht.Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Einfluß des Strömungszustandes auf die Korrosionseigenschaften, Hervorzuheben sind: 1An rotierenden Scheiben aus beiden Werkstoffen wurde in bestimmten Temperatur- und Konzentrationsbereichen die aus der Literatur bekannte Abnahme der Beständigkeit unter Strömungseinfld beobachtet.2Versuche mit dem durchströmten Rohr und rnit der Versuchs- pumpe zeigten bei beiden Werkstoffen eine Verbreiterung des Beständigkeitsbereiches gegenüber Versuchen rnit dem ruhenden Angriffsmittel.3Im Unbeständigkeitsbereich wird die Korrosion durch die Strömung erheblich verstärkt.4Bei Beaufschlagung von Werkstoff I mit Schwefelsäuren können - unabhängig von der Strömung - drei Erscheinungsformen der Korrosion auftreten: gleichförmige Korrosion selektive Korrosion des ferritischen undselektive Korrosion des austenitischen Gefügebestandteils.5Bei beiden Werkstoffen ist der Beständigkeitsbereich vom Bereich der aktiven Metallauflösung durch eine Zone unbestimmten Verhaltens und stark streuender Abtragungsraten getrennt.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 330-336 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Passivation of spec-pure Sn was studied in aerated, unstirred solutions of acid sulphate (H2SO4/Na2SO4) and neutral suphate (Na2SO4) using the potentiodynamic technique from an initial cathodic potential (-ve to open circuit potential) in the anodic direction and backwards to the initial potential. Only one anodic peak is observed in all results. The effect of etching is manifested in pure 0.1 M H2SO4 and in the solution containing 75% acid and 25% by vol 0.1 M Na2SO4. In all solutions, a grayish white film devlops on the Sn anode, and a white precipitate is formed in solution. Data are complied for the corrosion potential Ecor, the cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes, the corrosion cd Icor, the peak potential and the peak cd for acid sulphate solutions. The effect of scan rate has been demonstrated in 0.1 M Na2SO4 in the range 1-100 m V/sec for unstirred and 1-50 m V/sec for stirred solutions. The plot of peak cd Icc (Ip) vs the square root of the scan rate gives a striaght line with positive slope indicating diffusion kinetics for the anode film formation. USe of thermodynamic data leads to the possible formation of SnO, SnO2, Sn(OH)2 and Sn(OH)4 in the anode film. The limitations of the thermodynamic treatment is discussed. It is concluded that film formation is governed by a dissolution/precipitation mechanism based on diffusion kinetics. In the absence of the results of surface analysis, the anode film may be visualized to be composed of the oxides and hydroxides of Sn (thermodynamic evidence) together with sulphate anions (kinetic evidence). O2 evolution has not been detected up to 2.5 V (SCE), and this throws some light on the poor electron conductance of the anode film, and the probable dominance of lonic conductance during film growth.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 69
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 357-365 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Plates of Large Size for Plant EngineeringLarge size plates of commercially pure titanium grade 1, 2 and 3 according to DIN 3.7025, 3.7035 and 3.7055 up to 3500 mm width and a maximum length of 10000 mm with a thickness of 7 and 30 mm have been tested. They fullfill the acceptance specifications for hot rolled plates of conventional size regarding flatness, thickness tolerances and mechanical properties at room temperature. The availability of plates with a very high flatness creates the basis for large sizes explosion cladding with commercially pure titanium as surface layer material. Additional investigations between - 196°C and + 400°C for the mechanical properties and notched impact strength of plates and weldments as well as fatigue strength at room temperature show, independent of the rolling direction, the possible influence of grain size and interstitials like oxygen and hydrogen as well as of the iron content on the properties. The notched impact strength has a maximum at 100°C without a steep drope at lower temperatures. The decrease of tensile strength and proof stress with increasing temperature show a retarding effect at 150°C. The elongation reaches a maximum at 200°C, combined with a low ratio of yield strength to tensile strength.
    Notes: Großformatige Bleche und Platten aus Titan 3.7025, 3.7035 und 3.7055 bis 3500 mm Breite und Längen bis 10000 mm von 7 und 30 mm Dicke wurden untersucht. Sie erfüllen voll die an in Tafelfertigung warmgewalzter Bleche und Platten gestellten Abnahmeforderungen hinsichtlich der Planheit und Dickentoleranzen sowie der technologischen Eigenschaften bei Raumtemperatur. Gerade durch die Bereitstellung feinebener Bleche werden die Voraussetzungen für Sprengplattierungen großer Formate mit Titan technischer Reinheit als Auflagewerkstoff geschaffen.Zusäzliche Untersuchungen zwischen - 196°C und + 400°C für die Festigkeitseigenschaften und die Kerbschlagzähigkeit am Blech und von Schweißverbindungen sowie der Schwingfestigkeit bei Raumtemperatur ergeben unabhängig von der Probenlage Hinweise auf möglichen Einfluß der Korngröße und der interstitiell gelösten Beimengungen Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff sowie von Eisen auf diese Eigenschaften. Sie zeigen einen Höchstwert der Kerbschlagzähigkeit bei 100°C, ohne Steilabfall zu niedrigeren Temperaturen hin, verzögerte Abnahmen von Zugfestigkeit und Dehngrenzen um 150°C und einen Höchstwert der Bruchdehnung um 200°C, der mit einem niedrigen Verhältnis der 0,2%-Dehngrenze zur Zugfestigkeit zusammenfällt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A118 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A122 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 429-430 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Fatigue Strength Improvement due to Compressive Residual Stresses Induced by ColdworkingThe fatigue strength improvement due to compressive residual stresses induced by coldworking depends essentially on the material, the type of load sequence, and the load level. The estimation of the fatigue life improvement is very difficult, because the load sequence can also induce residual stresses due to plastification in the notch root. In this case it gives complicate interaction effects between the two types of residual stresses. By tests the fatigue strength improvement due to stress coining was determined for two types of materials (an Al-alloy AlCuMg2, and a fine grained structural steel FeE 47) under three different load sequences, at two load levels and on notched specimens of four different sizes. Besides the residual stresses induced by stress coining also those caused by the load sequences were evaluated. The results show, that the fatigue strength improvement of higher strength materials is superior to that of lower strength materials. In the case of higher strength materials the main effect results from the reduction of the mean stress by the compressive residual stresses while for the lower strength materials also the strain hardening by coldworking is important. Possibilities for the estimation of fatigue strength improvement will be presented.
    Notes: Die durch mechanisch erzeugte Druckeigenspannungen erzielbaren Steigerungen der Schwingfestigkeit hängen maßgeblich vom Werkstoff, von der Art der Lastfolge und von der Lasthöhe ab; sie sind nur schwer abzuschätzen, weil durch die Betriebsbeanspruchungen ebenfalls Eigenspannungen hervorgerufen werden können, die sich den gezielten erzeugten Druckeigenspannungen überlagern und zu komplizierten Wechselwirkungen mit diesen führen. An zwei Werkstoffen (AlCuMg 2 und StE 47) und vier verschieden großen bauteilähnlichen Flachstäben mit Innenbohrung wurden die Steigerungen der Schwingfestigkeit durch Aufdornen der Bohrungen für drei verschiedene Lastfolgen auf jeweils zwei Lasthorizonten durch Versuche ermittelt sowie die aus dem Aufdornvorgang und die aus der Betriebsbelastung entstehenden Eigenspannungen bestimmt. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse wird gezeigt, daß die Schwingfestigkeitssteigerung bei höherfesten Werkstoffen größer ist als bei niedrigfesten und hauptsächlich durch die Druckeigenspannung verursacht wird, während sie bei niedrigfesten Werkstoffen z. T. auch auf die mit der Kaltverformung verbundene Werkstoffverfestigung zurückzuführen ist. Es werden Möglichkeiten für die Abschätzung der Schwingfestigkeitssteigerung aufgezeigt.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 4-10 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ion mobility detector ; Plasma chromatography ; Selective detection ; Quantitative analysis ; Halogenated compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ion mobility detector that has been specifically developed for interfacing with capillary gas chromatography is investigated in the negative ion mode. Like the electron capture detector, to which this instrument is closely related, the ion mobility detector shows an enhanced response to low molecular weight halogenated compounds when a small quantity of oxygen is doped into the make-up gas flow. Under O2 doping conditions, the device can operate in a reactant ion monitoring mode responding universally to compounds capable of capturing thermal electrons and in a tunable selective product ion mode providing increased selectivity over that achieved by the ECD. At an oxygen concentration of 0.5%, minimum detectable amounts as low as 600 femtograms have been realized for carbon tetrachloride. Selectivity of chloro- versus bromo- compounds is demonstrated using a mixture of p-dichlorobenzene and p-dibromobenzene.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; ECD ; Halocarbons in water, 0.1-10 ppb ; 0.5-2 μl injected on-column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interest in monitoring halogenated organics in drinking water and natural surface and ground water in the low ppb range continues to grow. There is a tendency to include still more volatile halocarbons, the trace determination of which is known to be rather demanding. This prompted us to re-examine the feasibility of large-volume direct aqueous injection onto capillary columns, coupled with ECD. A primary problem was to avoid simultaneous elution of water with halocarbons, since water suppresses the ground current of the ECD. The following measures contributed to the solution of this problem.Apolar, extremely inert, columns are required to elute water completely, and even before very light halocarbons. Their coatings have to be far thicker (≍ 5 mUm) than commonly employed thick films since they must permit isothermal analysis at a column temperature around 100°C in order to ensure rapid and complete elution of water. Finally, it is essential that sampling be carried out on-column for two reasons: diffusion of water vapor in the injector, resulting in delayed elution, is then eliminated, and peak distortion during splitless injection is avoided.Although we now know that persilylated columns with immobilized coatings withstand routine water injections, more longterm experience is needed to provide detailed recommendations for the handling of these columns.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal stationary phases ; para-Substituted cholesterol cinnamate ; Geometrical isomers (insect pheromones) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four para-substituted cholesterol cinnamates were synthesized and evaluated for utility as gas chromatograph (GC) liquid crystal stationary phases. The capability of the phases to separate olefinic geometrical isomers was found to be dependent on the position of the olefinic bond. When unsaturation occurred at positions four carbons or greater from the terminal methyl of the compounds investigated, the relative ability of the phases to separate geometrical isomers was p-Cl 〉 p-Me 〉 cholesterol cinnamate 〉 p-MeO derivative 〉 p-NO2. When unsaturation occurred at positions four carbons or less from the terminal methyl the relative ability of the para-derivatives of cholesterol cinnamate to separate geometrical isomers was reversed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; LSC with binary eluents ; Resolution in LSC ; Selectivity in LSC ; Adsorption LC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently derived general equation for the capacity ratio has been utilized to study the dependence of selectivity and resolution upon mobile phase composition. This equation accounts for differences in molecular size of solutes and solvents, and for the energetic heterogeneity of the adscrbent surface. Model calculations illustrating the influence of these factors on the selectivity and resolution are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 33-33 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid-liquid partition chromatography, HPLC ; Liquid-liquid distribution ; Nucleoside ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 34-35 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Samples with varying water content ; Retention times correlated with water content ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 50-50 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Reversed phase mode ; Modification of commercially available plates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condition for in situ chemical modification of commercially available thin-layer plates have been varied and the influence thereof upon reversed phase plate properties has been studied. The reaction variables studied were: average silica pore size, silica water content, use of tri- or monochlorosilanes as modifiers, reaction temperature, and addition of base. Coverage and activity of residual silanol groups was studied on modified plates.Desired plate properties are high speed of development in aqueous solvents and low content of active residual silanol groups. Under the conditions tested, the lowest amount of residual silanols was achieved at the expence of the speed of development in aqueous media and vice versa.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Analysis of organotin compounds ; Organotin preservative solutions ; Preservative-treated wood ; Degradation of organotin compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method is described for the determination of tributyltin compounds (bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide, TBTO, and tri-n-butyltin naphthenate, TBTN) and their degradation products (dibutyltin and monobutyltin compounds). The organotin compounds are extracted from wood with ethanol containing 0.5% (v/v) of hydrochloric acid and the separation of the defferent kinds of organotin compounds is achieved by thin-layer chromatography. The sample spots are measured using a scanning densitometer after decomposing the organotin compounds to inorganic tin by ultraviolet irradiation and visualization of the spots with pyrocatechol violet.Applications of the method to detection and quantification of organotin compounds in preservative solutions, in recently impregnated wood, and in wood samples from five-year-old window frames are described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary chromatography ; Glass capillary tubing ; Fused silica capillary tubing ; Cutting of glass tubing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of techniques suitable for precision cutting of glass and fused silica capillary tubing has been carried out. Accurate trimming of capillary tubing is important when precision splitters and manifolds have to be made. Techniques employed for cutting optical fibers proved to be useful, and factors affecting the suface quality of the fracture are discussed.It was found to be difficult to obtain a square cut with a flat surface in the case of fused silica tubing. The best results were obtained when the tubing was scored with the edge of a broken silicon wafer before the fracture was accomplished. This technique allows precision cutting of glass tubing with an outer diameter of 100 μm or less.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Binary phase mixtures ; Coupled capillary columns ; Velocity gradient ; Mixed Liquid phases ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of sequentially coupled columns to achieve a binary liquid phase mixture has been simplified by the availability of zero dead volume fittings compatible with fused silica columns. The extent to which the velocity gradient through the coupled column affects the “apparent” liquid phase ratio can be determined by graphic interpolation; the length ratio of the coupled column segments can then be adjusted so that the “apparent” liquid phase ratio actually experienced by the solutes agrees with the targeted value. The fact that the direction of flow through the coupled column affects the chromatographic dispersion suggests that accepted generalizations on flow optimization throughout the column may not be precisely correct.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Densitometry ; Catecholamines ; Diphenyl layer ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 216-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Micropacked columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Cobalt-60 gamma radiation ; Immobilized phase ; Crosslinking ; Column activity ; Temperature Stability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused silica capillaries deactivated with D4 and coated with OV-1 were subjected to cobalt-60 gamma radiation in order to elucidate the effect of incident radiation on column performance. The chromatographic performance of these open tubular columns in which OV-1 was polymerized in situ was found to be dependent on the dosage of radiation and was evaluated before and after the irradiated columns were rinsed with solvent. Of the radiation dosages employed, 3 MRad produced superior chromatographic performance coupled with very favorable residual surface activity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Screening for basic drugs with retention indices differing by only four units ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns offer the toxicologist several advantages over packed columns. We have presented a highly reproducible screening procedure based on the retention index system and have shown the use of capillary columns for routine quantitation. We are currently expanding the use of these columns in our laboratory and predict that they will be in routine use by most toxicologists in the near future.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass, fused silica ; Two-dimensional technique ; Residue analysis in food ; Organophosphorus pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional gas chromatography with two capillary columns of different polarity (SP 2100 and OV 225) is used for pesticide residue analysis in food samples. By means of “live chromatography” applying pneumatic switching technique according to Deans, unequivocal identification of 57 organophosphorus pesticides in food samples is achieved at trace concentrations. The instrument is equipped with only one injection port and one flame photometric detector. On-line data processing is very helpful, especially in calibration and checking the system's reliability with the multitude of test compounds. The complete pesticide residue analysis including clean-up of about six food samples can be completed by one person in 8 hours.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 264-268 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Injection mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The usefulness of pump or loop injectors in preparative liquid chromatography was evaluated. The concentration distribution of samples flowing through a UV detector cell, directly connected to the injector, was recorded at various flow velocities, at various diameters of loop tubing, and using various methods of injection [injection with sample volumes equal to a fraction or total loop volume, etc.]. The most advantageous methods were found to be either use of a loop injector to inject only a fraction of its total volume or use of a pump. Both of these methods ensure a almost rectangular concentration distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Drug screening ; Fused silica capillary column ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 93
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 321-322 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 341-341 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 348-358 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 433-435 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed-phase HPLC ; Solid state NMR ; Surface characterization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Superox-4 pretreatment, deactivation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 440-441 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Slurry packing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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