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  • 1995-1999  (788)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1995  (788)
  • Engineering  (787)
  • Physics
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 18 (1995), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Ultrasound, intravascular ; Artifact ; Physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To determine the axial and lateral resolution of a rotating intravascular ultrasound system and the diagnostic implications for the diagnosis of early artherosclerosis. Methods: The resolution of a 20 MHz rotating transducer was tested in a specially designed high-resolution phantom and in five aortic autopsy specimens with varying degrees of early atherosclerosis. Results: The best lateral resolution is at the minimal distance between transducer and object. Measurements in the wire phantom showed this to be better than 0.43 mm. This is less than the axial resolution which is better than 0.13 mm. Decreasing lateral resolution with increasing distance between transducer and object is manifested by arcing and overestimation of the extent of focal atherosclerotic lesions. Conclusion: Axial resolution is significantly better than lateral resolution. Rapid deterioration of lateral resolution affects the diagnostic ability to characterize the extent of early atherosclerosis. Eccentric positioning of the transducer tip, particularly in larger vessels, will therefore influence diagnostic accuracy in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 13-23 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: mass transport problems ; error estimation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In order to make an exact estimation of discretization error for finite/infinite element methods, it is necessary to develop analytical solutions for some transient mass transport problems in infinite media. These transient mass transport problems may be viewed as the benchmark problems for the discretization error estimation of a new numerical method so that they generally have the following characteristics: (1) their initial and boundary conditions can be exactly modelled by the finite/infinite element method; (2) their solutions can be rigorously expressed in a closed form. In this paper, several of the aforementioned problems have been constructed and solved mathematically for transient mass transport problems in both 1D and 2D infinite media.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Riccati equation ; transmission line modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this communication, the application of the transmission line modelling (TLM) technique to the solution of the differential Riccati equation is described. A comparison is made between the TLM, fourth-order Runge-Kutta and the first-order Gear methods, for the case where one is applying the Kalman filter to the estimation of a voltage in a passive analogue circuit. In the particular example studied, the state equation is second-order. It is found that, when the system is underdamped, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method has the best performance, followed by the TLM method. When the system is overdamped and stiff, the TLM method yields results that are closest to the analytical solution. Finally, a discussion is presented of the effects of errors in the TLM solution of the Riccati equation on the accuracy of the solution to the continuous Kalman filter estimation equation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: gears ; fracture mechanics ; service life ; fatigue process ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the influence of contact area on the service life of dynamically loaded gears with a crack in a tooth root. Numerical results obtained with the finite element method using the program package BERSAFE are compared with the experimental results obtained on the universal testing machine INSTRON 1255. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. The analysis shows that the contact area directly influences the speed and direction of the crack propagation and the service life of the gear with a crack in a tooth root.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: shear correction ; laminates ; cylindrical bending hypothesis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Mindlin-type plate and shell finite elements are the most widely used ones in the analysis of laminated composite structures. In the commercially available finite element programs, the transverse shear correction factors for these elements are usually the same as for structures made of isotropic materials. In the paper the shear correction factors are determined using energy principles for general laminates in cylindrical bending. Results for various materials and laminates are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: RLW equation ; finite elements ; splines ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A B-spline finite element method is used to solve the regularized long wave equation numerically. This approach involves a Galerkin method with quadratic B-spline finite elements so that there is continuity of the dependent variable and its first derivative throughout the solution range. Time integration of the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is effected using a Crank-Nicolson approximation. Standard problems are used to validate the algorithm, which is then used to model the smooth development of an undular bore.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element method ; thermoplasticity ; internal dissipation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper, a simple modification of the internal dissipation term in coupled thermoplastic finite element equations is presented. A modified form of the heat capacity and the thermomechanical coupling matrices are derived. These modifications are based on a decomposition of the internal dissipation term into two parts, which depend on the total strain rate and the rate of temperature change, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 91-92 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 93-94 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite elements ; fluid flow ; open boundaries ; Sommerfield boundary conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We examine a method to impose boundary conditions on arbitrary boundaries, introduced to make domains of infinite extent finite for the purpose of numerical calculations, when a finite element discretization based on linear, bilinear or trilinear elements is used, in one, two or three dimensions, respectively. In particular, we look at the so-called ‘free’ boundary condition, which consists in retaining the boundary integrals generated by the weighted-residuals formulation along the open boundaries and adding them to the stiffness matrix. We show that this procedure is exactly equivalent to imposing on the boundary nodes a Sommerfeld radiation condition in one dimension, and a slightly modified form of the Sommerfeld boundary condition in two and three dimensions. We also show that the procedure is not applicable to the purely elliptic case.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 189-190 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: triangulations ; mesh relaxation ; computational geometry ; planar mesh generation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recent advances in planar mesh generation of arbitrary domains incorporate methods for placing points as well as connecting them into a triangulation. Postprocessing techniques such as Laplacian smoothing and mesh relaxation enhance the shape of triangles in these meshes but do not address the construction of meshes near boundaries or provide a criterion to determine the number of interior points of the initial triangulation. The paper addresses these issues by investigating the construction of degree-6 triangulations, the primary goal of the mesh relaxation method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element analysis ; distributed computing ; structures ; client-server model ; remote procedure calls ; structural mechanics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a distributed computing approach for concurrent finite element analysis of truss structures. The client-server model of distributed computation is applied to the plane frame finite element algorithm and implemented on SUN workstations. The remote procedure call combined with the ability to create threads of computation allows one to efficiently implement distributed and concurrent programs. The present approach is demonstrated through a typical truss structure to illustrate the details of the implementation. This approach can be used for very large finite element systems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 199-211 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: SUPG ; Petrov-Galerkin methods ; finite elements ; explicit scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This work is devoted to the simulation by finite elements of nearly incompressible inviscid flows in real 3D geometries, by means of an Euler code based on the SUPG (streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin) method, explicit forward Euler pseudo-temporal time integration and periodic and absorbing boundary conditions, among other features. The main goal is the application to flow around turbomachinery, with special emphasis on the performance analysis of a given machine, that involves several numerical computations at different operation points. Finally, these results are summarized in the form of characteristic curves.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 213-226 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: a posteriori error estimates ; asymptotic exactness ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A posteriori error estimation for typical Euler-Bernoulli beam bending problems is developed using a recovery operator based on a smoothing technique that is applied in the context of one-dimensional fourth-order problems. The development exploits a discrete superconvergence property of the ‘bending moments’ of the trial space interpolant of a polynomial solution of sufficiently low degree at certain Gauss points, and the superconvegence property of the energy norm difference of the trial space interpolant (of the weak solution) and the finite element approximation. An asymptotically exact error estimator is developed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: fracture ; boundary elements ; superposition ; stress intensity factor ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We discuss a two-step superposition method for calculating linear elastic stress intensity factors. The procedure requires the solution to the full cracked problem and the solution to a problem on the same mesh assuming the singularity due to a crack tip in an infinite region. We show that this is equivalent to the well known subtraction of singularity method if the two solutions are characterized by crack tip stress. The advantages of our procedure are that no modifications need to be made to a standard computer program and that once one singular solution is available on a given cracked mesh, solutions with different boundary conditions on the same mesh may be obtained in one step without including any singular crack effects. The mesh required to represent the singular crack tip field may also be studied independently of the complete problem. The additional computational cost of a two-step procedure is minimal since the solution matrix from step one may be reused with a new right-hand side. Numerical experiments using the boundary element method demonstrate the high accuracy and simplicity of the superposition approach.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: upwinding ; iterative methods ; convection-diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The effect of upwinding on iterative performance of convection-diffusion problems is investigated. An analysis of the iterative method considered here leads to a criterion for selecting the optimal upwinding parameter to improve iterative performance for a class of two-dimensional convection-diffusion problems. Supporting numerical experiments are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 267-279 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: dynamic interaction ; rigid wheel ; flexible beam ; contact force ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the analysis of dynamic interaction between rigid wheel and flexible beam. In contrast to traditional approaches, the wheel nominal motion as well as the contact force are considered here as unknowns. The correct contact force between the wheel and the beam is computed by iteratively reducing the constraint error towards zero, and a simple time integration is employed for the solution of equations of motion. Convergence of the iterative scheme is analysed, and numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the solution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 255-265 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: boundary element method ; error estimation ; hp-version ; Galerkin BEM ; numerical results ; elasticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper investigates the convergence of the h-, p- and hp-versions of a variational symmetric boundary element method (BEM) in plane elasticity by numerical experiments. The study discusses mixed boundary value problems on polygonal domains, i.e. problems for which the exact solution is analytic except in a finite number of points. The convergence of the error in energy norm is displayed for all versions of the BEM. All results are also compared with those obtained by the corresponding finite element methods. The theoretically predicted asymptotic convergence rates for all versions of the method can be observed in the numerical experiments. A comparison of computer times is given as well.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 283-284 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 285-286 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: eigenvalues ; integral transforms ; analytical methods ; convection ; Sturm-Liouville system ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The integral transform method is employed in the analytical solution of the non-classical eigenvalue problem that appears in connection with the analysis of forced convection in ducts, including the effect of fluid heat diffusion in the axial direction. The related eigenfunctions are expanded in terms of eigenfunctions from a simpler auxiliary eigenvalue problem, and the original eigenvalues are determined from the associated matrix eigensystem analysis. Convergence rates of the proposed solutions are illustrated and reference results established for different values of the governing parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 355-362 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: permanent heavy waves ; circular shaped channels ; conformal mapping ; Fatou's method ; Levi-Civita's decomposition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Because of the earth's curvature, all existing channels have a curvature. E. Zeidler gave an existence and uniqueness proof for permanent heavy and capillar-heavy waves in such circular shaped channels. Based on this proof and on a general computational method for constructing the solutions numerically, the case of permanent heavy waves in circular-shaped channels is considered in this work.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 373-374 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 375-377 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 363-371 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: matrix multisplitting ; relaxed method ; convergence ; divergence ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, I discuss the convergence and divergence rates for a class of generalized matrix multisplitting relaxation methods in a detailed manner. In particular, when the coefficient matrix is an L-matrix, I obtain several sufficient and necessary conditions ensuring the convergence of these methods.
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  • 33
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 383-390 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite elements analyses ; global and local analyses ; multiregion ; interfaces ; interpolation functions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An independent refinement and integration procedure is developed to couple together independently modelled (global and local) regions in a single analysis. The finite element models can have different levels of refinement and the nodes along the interface between them need not coincide with one another. A spline interpolation function that satisfies the linear isotropic plate-bending differential equation is used to relate the local model interface nodal displacements to the global model interface displacements. The proposed independent refinement and integration procedure is validated by applying it to problems involving in-plane and out-of-plane deformations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 391-401 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: boundary element method ; two-dimensional potential problems ; logarithmic kernel ; derivative kernal ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Both the logarithmic and derivative kernel integrations for potential problems, solved with quadratic isoparametric boundary elements, contain quartic functions of the integration parameter. It is shown that such functions can be written as the product of two quadratic functions with real coefficients. The derivative kernel integration is then represented as the sum of two integrals, which can be evaluated analytically. The logarithmic kernel integration can be similarly split but needs a Taylor series expansion of the Jacobian of the integration to enable analytical integration. The use of this Taylor series expansion means that the method presented is limited to problems involving weakly curved elements.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 403-407 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element method ; residual bending flexibility ; convergence ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper I re-examine the mechanics of the residual bending flexibility correction and show that it is an extravariational trick.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 417-426 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: discrete elements ; dynamic analysis ; impact ; impulsive loads ; elastoplastic response ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The determination of the dynamic response of plate and shell structures is carried out employing a discrete representation of the continuum, associated with an explicit integration scheme in the time domain. Comparisons with experimental results certify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 38
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 547-548 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 39
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 563-573 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: constraints ; boundary conditions ; rigid inclusions ; inextensibility ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Constraints arise naturally in the context of rigid inclusions, incompressibility, inextensible fibres and deformed finite elements. Typical methods for handling constraints in the governing matrix equation include Lagrange multipliers, penalty weights and elimination of variables. Each procedure has a particular undesirable feature. Proposed here is an approach in which each constraint is handled directly and sequentially through a modification of the rows and columns of the governing matrix and force vector. Positive definiteness, symmetry and the dimensions of the matrix remain unchanged. Elementary examples involving both the static and dynamic response of a bar are given to illustrate the procedure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 549-562 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: plate problem ; Reissner-Mindlin ; finite elements ; hierarchic elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The focus of the present work is directed towards the construction of a family of special finite elements for the numerical solution of the Reissner-Mindlin plate problem. The model describes the deformation of a plate when transverse shear deformation is taken into account. The model is widely used for thin to moderately thick plates. Despite its simple formulation, the numerical approximation is not straightforward. When standard low-order finite elements are used for the approximation the solution degenerates very rapidly for small thickness (locking phenomenon). To overcome such behaviour, non-standard formulations of the problem are usually combined with low-order finite elements to weaken or possibly eliminate the locking of the numerical solution.In recent years high-order finite elements have been introduced and successfully applied in several fields. Previously we have constructed a family of hierarchic high-order finite elements to solve the Reissner-Mindlin problem in its plain formulation. The locking was strongly reduced but was still active for very thin plates. Meanwhile some mixed-interpolated finite elements have been developed and shown to be locking free. In this paper we combine the two approaches, namely, the hierarchic high-order elements and the mixed-interpolated elements. The result is a family of special finite elements that exhibits both properties of convergence and robustness.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 629-629 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 42
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 631-632 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 43
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 981-993 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: boundary element method ; boundary geometry ; smooth modelling ; Lagrange elements ; Overhauser elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper reveals the conditions under which the approximations of the normal vector and global coordinates of interior points of two segments on a smooth contour can fail using the C1-continuous Overhauser elements. A new continuous modelling of the normal vector is developed using the standard Lagrange elements. The derivation is consistent with the assumptions employed in the boundary element method formulations of potential problems. Test numerical examples are considered in order to analyse the accuracy of the approximations based on the use of standard C0-continuous elements, Overhauser C1-continuous elements and the proposed ‘smooth’ C0 elements.
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  • 44
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1039-1045 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: pure advection ; Lagrangian treatment ; control volume ; QUICKEST scheme ; large Courant numbers ; accuracy ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper describes a new numerical algorithm for pure advection at large Courant numbers. The DISCUS scheme uses an accurate and proven control volume algorithm (QUICKEST) within a Lagrangian treatment of advection. By being in sympathy with the information flow dictated by characteristic lines, the scheme performs exceedingly well at Courant numbers greater than one. In contrast to existing Lagrangian schemes which use the characteristics to determine the grid points from which concentrations are interpolated, in DISCUS the characteristics are used to determine the appropriate location for the control volume. The scheme is of comparable accuracy to Eulerian schemes at Courant numbers less than one, but it increasingly outperforms them as the Courant number increases. Indeed, the results reported illustrate the futility of using an Eulerian scheme at high Courant numbers.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 75-75 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Regular boundary integral elements are employed for the dual and complementary variational formulations of Laplace problems. The problems are defined only on the boundary as usual, but as in the manner of charge simulation method (CSM), the source terms are arranged outside the domain so that the singular integral can be avoided. The Laplace problems are analysed and the usefulness of the formulation is discussed in comparison with direct BEM. The scalar potential and electric displacement vector potential functions are used in the dual and complementary formulations, with which the upper and lower bounds of the system energy or the capacitance can also accurately be evaluated.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 150-150 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Simulators in power electronics are less developed than in other electronic fields. The main modelling methods are between the numerical simulation of semiconductor device equations that hardly simulate circuits, and equivalent circuit models that show poor accuracy. We propose the application of the bond graph techniques to model modular power semiconductor devices. Furthermore, the IGBT is a new power device which combines a bipolar transistor with a MOSFET transistor. We develop a new IGBT bond graph model. The bond graph techniques give us good primary simulation results. We present in this paper the principle and the results of this modelling method.
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 357-366 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Transmission line modelling (TLM) technique was used to simulate the class E power amplifier. An analytical method is also used to fix the required component values to ensure the desired output performance of the amplifier. An experiment was carried out to verify the simulation result of the combined method.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 381-381 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 399-416 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A non-stationary longitudinal model of a thermal two-component plasma is investigated with numerical methods based on so-called high-resolution schemes. The inhomogeneous model system is solved numerically applying a splitting method, where the homogeneous conservation laws for the electrons and ions are approximated by explicit Godunov-type schemes. Coupling of both plasma components is achieved by the electric field, which is also calculated in an explicit manner after reformulating Coulomb's law. A new numerical method is proposed for the expansion of the plasma into the vacuum. This tracking method is based on the solution of the vacuum Riemann problem and avoids the difficulties of numerical approximation introduced by the vacuum where the longitudinal plasma model is not valid. This new approach of tracking resolves sharply the plasma vacuum interface and captures this boundary very well during the temporal evolution of the model system. Two test problems show the interplay, the quality and properties of the approximation methods applied.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 455-455 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for synthesizing multilayered radar absorbing materials (RAMs) is presented. The procedure uses a method for global minimization of multimodal functions of continuous variables based on simulated annealing (SA). The technique is very flexible and reliable, allowing the design of absorbing materials for any grazing or normal angles over the specified frequency bandwidth. The technique is particularly suitable for the efficient design of broadband RAMs and hence for EMC applications.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 187-203 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This document describes the background and motivation behind the PEPSE project. It describes separately the components which make up PEPSE, the parallel design philosophy and aspects of parallel implementation.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two separate exercises on a similar theme are reported. In the first, the moment-method program NEC was extensively modified in order to optimize its performance on a four-processor Cray X-MP computer. In the second exercise, the MININEC moment-method program was completely rewritten into the occam programming language so that it could be executed directly by a transputer system. The NEC exercise exploited judicious use of vectorization and alternative parallelization techniques and achieved a reduction of run times by factors of about five or more. The MININEC exercise has so far achieved only a modest reduction in run-time but it has the potential for a much greater improvement if an optimum strategy for configuring the transputer network is implemented.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A parallel implementation of the finite difference time-domain algorithm for the analysis of planar microwave circuits is presented in this paper. For this the FDTD mesh is divided in equal-sized subspaces. Every processor of the parallel computer calculates the field in one subspace. Furthermore detailed efficiency investigations are made to predict the timing performance of the parallel FDTD simulator.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper a parallel algorithm is created for solving electromagnetic wave scattering problems. The algorithm based on the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) representation of the Maxwell's equations written in 3L Parallel Fortran for use on a transputer array.The problem simulated consists of a space (air) where a spherical dielectric scatterer is located. This space is subdivided into fine equisize meshes extending throughout the 3-D domain; the excitation wave is of sinusoidal form. Geometric decomposition is used as the principal algorithm strategy.Results are presented for the performance of the classical sequential algorithm and compared with the parallel algorithm in terms of computational speed-up.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 421-432 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: grid generation ; locally analytic ; elliptic equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: One technique for obtaining grids for irregular geometries is to solve sets of elliptic partial differential equations. The solution of the partial differential equations yields a grid which discretizes the physical solution domain and also a transformation for the irregular physical domain to a regular computational domain. Expressing the governing equation of interest in the computational domain requires the derivatives of the physical to computational domain transformation, i.e., the metrics. These metrics are typically determined by numerical differentiation, which is a potential source of error. The locally analytic method uses the analytic solution of the locally linearized equation to develop numerical stencils. Thus, the locally analytic method allows numerical differentiation with no loss of accuracy. In this paper, the locally analytic method is applied to the solution of the Poisson and Brackbill-Saltzman equations. Comparison with an exact solution shows the locally analytic method to be more accurate than the finite difference method, both in solving the partial differential equation and evaluating the metrics. However, it is more computationally expensive.
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  • 59
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 509-522 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Laplace transform ; finite element ; viscoelastic beam ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The quasi-static and dynamic responses of a linear viscoelastic beam are solved numerically by using the hybrid Laplace transform/finite element method. In the analysis, the Timoshenko beam theory, which includes the transverse shear and rotatory inertia effect and conventional beam theory, are used to solve this problem. The temperature field is assumed to be constant and homogeneous and that the relaxation modulus has the form of the Prony series. In the hybrid method, the Laplace transform with respect to time is applied to the coupled equations and the finite element model is developed by applying Hamilton's variational principle without any integral transformation. The numerical results of quasi-static and dynamic responses for the models of Maxwell fluid and three parameter solid types are presented and discussed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 685-716 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: hourglass and locking control ; large strains ; thermomechanical coupling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a class of ‘assumed strain’ mixed finite element methods based on the Hu-Washizu variational principle is presented. Special care is taken to avoid hourglass modes and shear locking as well as volumetric locking. An unified framework for the 4-node quadrilateral solid and thermal as well as thermomechanical coupling elements with uniform reduced integration (URI) and selective numerical integration (SI) schemes is developed. The approach is simply implemented by a small change of the standard technique and is applicable to arbitrary non-linear constitutive laws including isotropic and anisotropic material behaviours. The implementation of the proposed SI elements is straightforward, while the development of the proposed URI elements requires ‘anti-hourglass stresses’ which are evaluated by classical constitutive equations. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the suggested formulation, including static/dynamic mechanical problems, heat conduction and thermomechanical problems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 717-734 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; arbitrary Lagrange-Euler ; free surfaces ; surface tension ; contact angles ; multiphase flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) kinematic description has been implemented in a 3-D transient finite element program so as to simulate multiple fluid flows with surfaces and interfaces of general shapes.The description of fluid interfaces includes continuity of velocity and a discontinuous tangential and normal stress appropriate for fluids of variable interfacial tension.The formulation is particularly relevant to the description of low and intermediate Reynolds number flow dominated by interfacial tension.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 667-683 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; pseudospectral element method ; multi-grid method ; domain decomposition ; Schwarz Alternating Procedure (SAP) ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new multi-grid (two-grid) pseudospectral element method has been carried out for solution of incompressible flow in terms of primitive variable formulation. The main objective of the proposed method is to apply the multi-grid technique solving the incompressible flow problems associated with three commonly encountered multi-grid environments. In domain decomposition terminology, it includes (I) partially overlapped subdomains, each of which has same types of grids; (II) partially overlapped subdomains, each of which has different types of grids; (III) local adaptive subdomains fully overlapped with the original computational domain (composite grids).The approach for flow problems, complex geometry or not, is to first divide the computational domain into a number of subdomains with the inter-overlapping area (partially or fully overlapped). In categories I and II, the fine-grid or coarse-grid subdomains can be defined by their representation, while in category III the fine-grid or coarse-grid subdomains are defined as usual. Next, implement the Schwarz Alternating Procedure (SAP) to exchange the data among subdomains, where the coarse-grid correction is used to remove the high frequency error that occurs when the data interpolation from the fine-grid subdomain to the coarse-grid subdomain is conducted. The strategy behind the coarse-grid correction is to adopt the operator of the divergence of velocity field, which intrinsically links the pressure equation, into this process. The solution of each subdomain can be efficiently solved by the direct (or iterative) eigenfunction expansion technique or preconditioned method with the least storage requirement, i.e. O(N2) in 2-D.Numerical results of (i) driven cavity flow (Re = 100,400) with Cartesian grids (category I) in each subdomain, (ii) driven cavity flow (Re = 3200) with local adaptive grids (category III) in each subdomain, and (iii) flow over a cylinder (Re = 250) with ‘O’ grids in one subdomain and Cartesian grids in another (category II) will be presented in the paper to account for the versatility of the proposed multi-grid method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 735-754 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: inverse problem ; contact conductance determination ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The conjugate gradient method using two search step sizes is used to solve the inverse problem of simultaneously estimating the periodic thermal contact conductance, hc(t), and the heat transfer coefficient of the exhaust gases, hg(t), between the exhaust valve and seat in an internal combustion engine. The importance of the determination of hc(t) and hg(t) lie in that they are the critical factors for designing the cooling system and the insulation of the exhaust valve.The inverse analysis is based on the temperature measurements taken from the sensors placed in both the valve and seat regions during the transient process of operation. In this study two unknown timewise-varying functions hc(t) and hg(t) are to be estimated at the same time, thus two search step sizes with each one corresponding to each unknown function are derived. The results show that the CPU time for the inverse solutions using two search step sizes are greatly reduced than using just one search step size1 for the determination of two unknowns, besides, it also shows that the inverse solutions are reliable even when the measurement errors are considered.The advantage of the conjugate gradient method is that no a priori information is needed on the variation of the unknown quantities, since the solution automatically determines the functional form over the domain specified. The successful development of the present technique can be applied to any kind of two-dimensional periodic contact problems, such as the determination of a two-dimensional contact conductance problem2 and the temperature or heat flux behaviour on the inside wall of internal combustion engines3.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 775-795 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: computational mechanics ; finite element method ; a posteriori error estimation ; finite elasticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods for a posteriori error estimation for finite element solutions are well established and widely used in engineering practice for linear boundary value problems. In contrast here we are concerned with finite elasticity and error estimation and adaptivity in this context. In the paper a brief outline of continuum theory of finite elasticity is first given. Using the residuals in the equilibrium conditions the discretization error of the finite element solution is estimated both locally and globally. The proposed error estimator is physically interpreted in the energy sense. We then present and discuss the convergence behaviour of the discretization error in uniformly and adaptively refined finite element sequences.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 755-773 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: staggering ; numerical simulation ; bounded dispersion ; cost ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of explicit Finite Difference (FD) methods for the numerical integration of the wave equation. Formal notions of computational cost (expressed in floating point operations) and numerical dispersion error are introduced. Restricting the analysis to leapfrog timemarching, for sake of simplicity, various spatial discrete differentiators are examined. For each scheme, by minimizing the cost at a given error threshold, a cost-effective operating poin (time sampling rate and number of gridpoints per shortest wavelength) is obtained, which is remarkably different from the stability limit. Different schemes, each operated at its cost-effective point, are then compared. High-order dispersion-bounded operators, in the sense of Holberg,1 are found to be competitive with the Pseudo-spectral (PS) method.New optimal schemes improving over the Holberg's spatial differentiators are introduced together with accurate expansions of the convolutional weights is terms of the design error threshold. It is also shown that the composition of two distinct Holberg's operators of consecutive orders, with opposite phase properties, minimizes dispersion and yields cost-effective schemes.Numerical experiments illustrate the suitability of the new methods for large-scale wave-equation seismic modelling.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 797-808 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: bounding-surface ; plasticity ; non-linear ; space structures ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method for the non-linear analysis of space structures subjected to static and cyclic loading. A bounding-surface kinematic hardening plasticity model is used to simulate the hardening and hysteritic material behaviour. The model is used in conjunction with the lumped plasticity assumption coupled with the concept of a yield surface in force space. A hardening coefficient matrix which is a function of the plastic strain and the elastic stiffness matrix is introduced while the vectorial nature of the material memory parameters is maintained. This provides a smooth transition from the elastic to the plastic regime which simulates the hysteresis loops quite accurately. An updated Lagrangian formulation is used together with a predictor/corrector solution method. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 809-821 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: moment method ; non-linear electromagnetics ; scattering ; dielectrics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we explore the possibility of applying the moment method to determine the electromagnetic field distributions inside three-dimensional bounded non-linear dielectric objects of arbitrary shapes. The moment method has usually been employed to solve linear scattering problems. We start with an integral equation formulation, and derive a non-linear system of algebraic equations that allows us to obtain an approximate solution for the harmonic vector components of the electric field. Preliminary results of some numerical simulations are reported.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 823-839 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: numerical algorithms ; path following technique ; non-linear equations ; non-linear finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general and robust solution procedure for non-linear finite element equations with limit points is developed. At each equilibrium iteration the magnitude of the load is adjusted such that the residual force is orthogonal to the current displacement increment from the last equilibrium state. The method implements the physical condition that the orthogonal residual force will neither increase nor decrease the magnitude of the current displacement increment vector. The orthogonality condition is formulated directly in terms of conjugate variables and therefore does not contain any scaling parameters. Passage of load and displacement limit points is discussed as well as the relation to line search, minimum residual, and are-length methods. The method is illustrated by two examples.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 841-860 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: constitutive modelling ; large strain ; creep ; elastoplasticity ; damage ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A three-dimensional fully coupled creep elastoplastic damage model at finite strain for isotropic non-linear material is developed. The model is based on the thermodynamics of an irreversible process and the internal state variable theory. A hyperelastic form of stress-strain constitutive relation in conjunction with the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts is employed. The pressure-dependent plasticity with strain hardening and the damage model with two damage internal variables are particularly considered. The rounding of stress-strain curves appearing in cycling loading is reproduced by introduction of the creep mechanism into the model. A numerical integration procedure for the coupled constitutive equations with three hierarchical phases is proposed. A consistent tangent matrix with consideration of the fully coupled effects at finite strain is derived. Numerical examples are tested to demonstrate the capability and performance of the present model at large strain.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 881-881 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 72
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 861-879 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: wet snow accretion ; rotating sleeves ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is the purpose of this paper to construct a mathematical/computational model for the accretion of snow on rotating snow sleeves attached to conductor rods, and to consider some of the limitations in the use of the assumption of perfect cylindrical-sleeve growth, as currently employed to provide estimates of snow-loading intensity.For purposes of illustration, three rotating snow accretion regimes are considered, in which the direction of the airflow is always taken as perpendicular to the axis of the conductor rod. Firstly, a horizontal conductor rod is free to rotate and is initially bare. Rotation of the system (conductor rod and accreted snow) is initiated by snow torque, due to eccentric snow loading on the windward side of the conductor, and is driven by aerodynamic torque generated by the windflow past the evolving, rotating, asymmetrical sleeve growth. Secondly, a vertical conductor rod is free to rotate and the bare rod is given an initial small angular velocity; the rotation of the accreting system is then driven by aerodynamic torque alone. Thirdly, a horizontal rod is fixed and is initially covered by an annulus of snow, supported by a thin layer of (unfrozen) water existing between the conductor and the snow sleeve. In this case, the rotation of the snow sleeve is due to the combined snow and aerodynamic torques and is now retarded by the viscous torque due to the rotating thin film of water.Asymptotic solutions obtained for small accretion time supplement numerical results derived from the computational models. Numerical results on these rotating non-periodic snow accretion regimes are presented as a function of the wind speed, snow precipitation rate and diameter of the conductor rod.
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  • 73
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 883-884 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 74
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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  • 75
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 885-886 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 76
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 887-903 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: plates ; foundation ; boundary elements ; boundary integrals ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces an efficient boundary element approach for the analysis of thin plates, with arbitrary shapes and boundary conditions, resting on an elastic Winkler foundation. Boundary integral equations with three degrees-of-freedom per node are derived without unknown corner terms. A fundamental solution based upon newly defined modified Kelvin functions is formulated and it leads to a simple solution to the problem of divergent integrals. Reduction of domain loading terms for cases of distributed and concentrated loading is also provided. Case studies, including plates with free-edge conditions, are demonstrated, and the boundary element results are compared with corresponding analytical solutions. The presented formulations provide a very accurate boundary element solution for plates with different shapes and boundary conditions.
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  • 77
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 78
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 927-942 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: quasi-conforming FEM ; geometrical non-linearity ; degenerated solid shell element ; plates ; shells ; pitch test ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a geometrically non-linear quasi-conforming nine-node quadrilateral degenerated solid shell element has been constructed from generalization of a linear quasi-conforming nine-node quadrilateral degenerated solid shell element,10 based upon the non-linear quasi-conforming finite element method. First, the geometrical description and displacement model of the nine-node quadrilateral degenerated solid shell element is given. Then, the non-linear quasi-conforming finite element method is discussed and assumed strains and weighed functions are given. Last, analysis of numerical examples for a clamped square plate, a circular arch, a spherical shell, two cylindrical shells, the patch test and a simply supported square plate is carried out. The results are compared with exact and other finite element solutions. The results indicate that the shell element in the paper is accurate and efficient.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 955-968 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: bubble functions ; elasticity ; finite strips ; I-sections ; non-linear analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite strip displacement functions for post-local buckling are augmented with so-called bubble functions, which are extra modes associated with internal or nodeless degrees of freedom. A non-linear finite strip method of analysis including bubble functions is described for the post-local buckling of geometrically imperfect plate assemblies. It is shown that the use of bubble functions improves significantly the convergence of the method. The non-linear finite strip method is then used to study channel and I-section members in compression and bending.
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  • 80
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 989-1000 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: mesh partitioning ; aspect ratio ; implicit solution ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Optimal domain decomposition methods have emerged as powerful iterative algorithms for parallel implicit computations. Their key preprocessing step is mesh partitioning, where research has focused so far on the automatic generation of load-balanced subdomains with minimum interface nodes. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of the subdomain aspect ratio as a mesh partitioning factor, and highlight its impact on the convergence rate of an optimal domain decomposition based iterative method. We also present a fast optimization algorithm for improving the aspect ratio of existing mesh partitions, and illustrate it with several examples from fluid dynamics and structural mechanics applications. For a stiffened shell problem decomposed by the optimal Recursive Spectral Bisection scheme and solved by the FETI method, this optimization algorithm is shown to improve the solution time by a factor equal to 1·54 and to restore numerical scalability.
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  • 81
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3365-3381 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: non-linear elasticity ; finite elements ; solution algorithms ; three-dimensional membranes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The treatment of finite hyperelasticity set on the spatial configuration is described. The fully consistent linearization of the corresponding field equations is carried out in detail. It provides the basis of the exact Newton-Raphson procedure for solution of the associated boundary value problem. A membrane formulation is presented in which the incompressibility constraint usually employed in the description of rubber-like materials is satisfied trivially. The excellent performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated by means of 3-D membrane finite element simulations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3433-3452 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: quadrilateral finite element ; drilling d.o.f ; hybrid stress model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A scheme of boundary displacements with drilling degrees of freedom for plane elements is presented. The scheme is free from zero displacement modes and allows the development of hybrid finite elements with vertex and mid-side nodes, each node including a drilling degree of freedom besides the translational ones. Four quadrilateral isoparametric hybrid stress elements are implemented, and numerical results for some current test problems are given.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1431-1473 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: conserving algorithms ; non-linear dynamics ; non-linear rods ; dissipative algorithms ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The long-term dynamic response of non-linear geometrically exact rods under-going finite extension, shear and bending, accompanied by large overall motions, is addressed in detail. The central objective is the design of unconditionally stable time-stepping algorithms which exactly preserve fundamental constants of the motion such as the total linear momentum, the total angular momentum and, for the Hamiltonian case, the total energy. This objective is accomplished in two steps. First, a class of algorithms is introduced which conserves linear and angular momentum. This result holds independently of the definition of the algorithmic stress resultants. Second, an algorithmic counterpart of the elastic constitutive equations is developed such that the law of conservation of total energy is exactly preserved. Conventional schemes exhibiting no numerical dissipation, symplectic algorithms in particular, are shown to lead to unstable solutions when the high frequencies are not resolved. Compared to conventional schemes there is little, if any, additional computational cost involved in the proposed class of energy-momentum methods. The excellent performance of the new algorithm in comparison to other standard schemes is demonstrated in several numerical simulations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1593-1594 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1579-1592 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: novel element ; inhomogeneities ; complex potentials ; Laurent series ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This study is concerned with the development and implementation of a novel finite element which is capable of treating the problem of interacting circular inhomogeneities in heterogeneous solids. The general form of the element, which is constructed from a cell containing a single circular inhomogeneity in a surrounding matrix, is derived explicitly using the complex potentials of Muskhelishvili and the Laurent series expansion method. The strength of the proposed eight-noded plane element is demonstrated by its ability to treat arbitrarily and periodically located multiple inhomogeneities under general loading conditions using a limited number of elements. Assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the devised element is obtained by comparing its performance against existing analytical and traditional finite element attempts. The current element enables the determination of the local and effective elastic properties of composite materials with relative ease.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3831-3853 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: domain decomposition ; dynamics ; nonlinear ; parallel processing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present a new efficient and scalable domain decomposition method for solving implicitly linear and non-linear time-dependent problems in computational mechanics. The method is derived by adding a coarse problem to the recently proposed transient FETI substructuring algorithm in order to propagate the error globally and accelerate convergence. It is proved that in the limit for large time steps, the new method converges toward the FETI algorithm for time-independent problems. Computational results confirm that the optimal convergence properties of the time-independent FETI method are preserved in the time-dependent case. We employ an iterative scheme for solving efficiently the coarse problem on massively parallel processors, and demonstrate the effective scalability of the new transient FETI method with the large-scale finite element dynamic analysis on the Paragon XP/S and IBM SP2 systems of several diffraction grating finite element structural models. We also show that this new domain decomposition method outperforms the popular direct skyline solver. The coarse problem presented herein is applicable and beneficial to a large class of Lagrange multiplier based substructuring algorithms for time-dependent problems, including the fictitious domain decomposition method.
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  • 87
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3889-3908 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: hp-methods ; parallel computing ; hyperbolic equations ; adaptive methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a parallel algorithm based on discontinuous hp-finite element approximations of linear, scalar, hyperbolic conservation laws. The paper focuses on the development of an effective parallel adaptive strategy for such problems. Numerical experiments suggest that these techniques are highly parallelizable and exponentially convergent, thereby yielding efficiency many times superior to conventional schemes for hyperbolic problems.
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  • 88
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3855-3887 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Adaptive two-step methods ; periodicity ; dispersion ; dissipation ; P-stability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Adaptive two-step direct integration methods are constructed for the integration of second-order semidiscrete evolution equations possessing oscillatory solutions. The methods are based on a class of adaptive multistep methods for a semilinear test model whose frequency is known. They are constructed following the notion of diagonally implicit RK-methods by using efficient rational approximations to cos v, v ≥ 0. Our interest is centered on the dispersion (or phase errors) of the dominant components in the numerical oscillations when these methods are applied to a linear homogeneous test model. Two-step methods which have high order of dispersion (up to 12), whereas the algebraic order is relatively low (2 or 4), are derived. Applications of these methods to linear as well as non-linear test models and to semidiscretized hyperbolic equations reveal a good behaviour with regard to error propagation when they are compared with other conventional methods.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2301-2302 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2325-2345 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: postbuckling ; plates ; perturbation methods ; FEM ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper extends the finite element perturbation approach already presented for pin-jointed and framed structures15 to rectangular thin plates. Koiter's asymptotic strategy2 is coupled with a High-Continuity finite element discretization of the plate.22 The consistency of the discrete model is discussed from the kinematical and numerical points of view and several numerical tests are reported. It appears that use of the HC elements makes the perturbation algorithm insensitive to the locking phenomenon occurring in the evaluation of the postbuckling behaviour. It also allows the use of very fine discretization meshes at low computational cost.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4123-4155 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Petrov-Galerkin methods ; weighting parameters ; optimization ; spectral averaged phase errors ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Fourier analysis of the linear and quadratic N + 1 and N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods applied to the one-dimensional transient convective-diffusion equation is performed. The results show that a priori optimization of the N + 1 method is not possible because dissipative errors are introduced as dispersive errors are reduced (any optimization is subjective). However, a priori optimization of the N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin method is possible because the reduction of dispersion errors can be accomplished without the addition of artificial dissipation.The Spectrally Weighted Average Phase Error Method (SWAPEM) for the optimization of the N + 2 Petrov-Galerkin method is introduced, in which the N + 2 weighting parameter is chosen at each time step to minimize the integral over wave number of the phase error of Fourier modes, weighted by the frequency content of the global solution at the previous time step (obtained via FFT). The method is dynamic, and general in that the dependence of the weighting parameter on the solution waveform is accounted for. Optimal values predicted by the method are in excellent agreement with those suggested by the numerical experimentation of others. Simulations of the pure convective transport of a Gaussian plume and a triangle wave are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4157-4169 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: BEM ; crack ; thermoelasticity ; transient ; TSSIF ; mixed mode ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A time domain boundary-only element method is used for the analysis of fractured planar bodies, subjected to thermal shock type loads. The uncoupled quasistatic thermoelasticity equations are solved without the need for domain discretization. The singular behaviour of the temperature and displacement fields, in the vicinity of the crack tip, is modelled by quarter-point elements. Transient thermal stress and heat flux intensity factors are evaluated from computed nodal values, using the well-known displacement and traction formulas. The accuracy of the method, the stability of the solution and the dependence on space-time discretization is investigated through comparison of present results with analytical and computational ones, taken from the literature. For mode I and mixed mode two-dimensional problems examined, the method proved to be a potent tool for fracture analysis in presence of severe thermal shock loads, even in the microcrack size range. Potent in the sense that, it is very stable and cost effective from the space-time discretization point of view.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4171-4191 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: non-linear computational mechanics ; arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian ; mesh adaptivity ; strain-softening ; localization ; damage mechanics ; wave propagation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Non-local models guaranty that finite element computations on strain softening materials remain sound up to failure from a theoretical and computational viewpoint. The non-locality prevents strain localization with zero global dissipation of energy, and consequently finite element calculations converge upon mesh refinements to non-zero width localization zones. One of the major drawbacks of these models is that the element size needed in order to capture the localization zone must be smaller than the internal length. Hence, the total number of degrees of freedom becomes rapidly prohibitive for most engineering applications and there is an obvious need for mesh adaptivity. This paper deals with the application of the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation, well known in hydrodynamics and fluid-structure interaction problems, to transient strain localization in a non-local damageable material. It is shown that the ALE formulation which is employed in large boundary motion problems can also be well suited for non-linear transient analysis of softening materials where localization bands appear. The remeshing strategy is based on the equidistribution of an indicator that quantifies the interelement jump of a selected state variable. Two well known one-dimensional examples illustrate the capabilities of this technique: the first one deals with localization due to a propagating wave in a bar, and the second one studies the wave propagation in a hollow sphere.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4207-4235 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite-element method ; a posteriori error estimation ; pollution error ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In References 1 and 2 we showed that the error in the finite-element solution has two parts, the local error and the pollution error, and we studied the effect of the pollution error on the quality of the local error-indicators and the quality of the derivatives recovered by local post-processing. Here we show that it is possible to construct a posteriori estimates of the pollution error in any patch of elements by employing the local error-indicators over the mesh outside the patch. We also give an algorithm for the adaptive control of the pollution error in any patch of elements of interest.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 4193-4205 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite strip ; laminated plates ; geometric nonlinearity ; imperfections ; shear deformation ; end shortening ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite strip method is developed to predict the geometrically non-linear response of rectangular laminated plates subjected to progressive end shortening whilst initial imperfection and/or applied pressure loading are also present. The development is an extension of earlier work concerned with perfect, unpressurized laminates which have simply supported loaded ends at which lateral in-plane expansion is either allowed freely or is prevented completely. The analysis is conducted in the contexts of classical plate theory and first-order shear deformation plate theory, in turn. A number of applications involving both isotropic plates and laminated plates is described.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3071-3085 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: structural dynamics ; eigenvalue analysis ; nonproportional damping ; Arnoldi method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents and discusses an Arnoldi-based eigensolution technique for evaluating the complex natural frequencies and mode shapes from frequency dependent quadratic eigenproblems associated with vibration analysis of damped structures. The new solution technique is used in conjunction with a mixed finite element modelling procedure which utilizes both the polynomial and frequency dependent displacement fields in formulating the system matrices. This modelling provides the ability to represent a frequency dependent damping matrix in vibration analysis of skeletal systems.The eigensolution methodology presented here is based upon the ability to evaluate a specific set of parametrized curves for the non-linear eigenvalue problem at given values of the parameter. Numerical examples illustrate that this method, used in conjunction with a secant interpolation, accurately evaluates the complex natural frequencies and modes of the quadratic non-linear eigenproblem and verifies that the new eigensolution technique coupled with the mixed finite element modelling procedure is more accurate than the conventional finite element models.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3143-3166 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: moving load ; runway ; boundary element ; finite element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The transient response of a finite elastic plate, resting on an elastic half-space, and subjected to moving loads is considered here. Both the cases of an elastic foundation alone, as well as a finite sized elastic plate resting on an elastic foundation are considered. The numerical methods employed are: (1) the time-domain boundary element method for the elastic foundation and (2) a combination of the time-domain boundary element method for the soil and the semi-discrete finite element method for the finite sized elastic plate. Both constant as well as linear-time-interpolation schemes are included in the BEM. The integration is carried out analytically in time. The analytical solution for a moving point load on an infinite elastic plate resting on an elastic half-space is derived here. This is used as a benchmark against which the present numerical solution is compared with. The accuracy of the numerical method is also verified by comparing the solutions with some existing numerical results; the comparison with the solutions based on a Winkler foundation model reveals the limitations of the applicability of such a model, especially in the cases of high velocities of the moving load. This is because neither the inertia of the foundation, nor the behaviour of the foundation as a continuum, can be properly accounted for in Winkler's model. A parametric study is conducted, and the influences of velocity of the moving load, load distribution, etc. on the dynamic response of the soil/runway system are investigated. Furthermore, the present computational method is applied to the problem of a transport airplane taxiing on a concrete pavement resting on a typical soil. The responses of pavements are presented for different taxiing velocities.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3635-3652 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: stationary thermoelasticity ; thermally induced non-homogeneity ; pure boundary formulation ; crack ; problems ; initial plastic stresses ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we present the boundary integral formulation for inelastic stationary thermoelasticity including thermally induced non-homogeneity. Generally, the unique BEM formulation for crack problems is achieved by using the traction boundary integral equations which are now considered in a non-singular form. Both the two- and three-dimensional boundary value problems are analysed simultaneously. Numerical examples for 2-D problems are presented, in order to illustrate the suitability of this boundary element approach in the inelastic thermoelasticity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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