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  • 2010-2014  (24)
  • 1955-1959  (4,367)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,775)
  • Chemical Engineering  (583)
  • ddc:510  (24)
  • somaclonal variation  (6)
  • Brassica napus  (4)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Convexity is an important property in nonlinear optimization since it allows to apply efficient local methods for finding global solutions. We propose to apply symbolic methods to prove or disprove convexity of rational functions over a polyhedral domain. Our algorithms reduce convexity questions to real quantifier elimination problems. Our methods are implemented and publicly available in the open source computer algebra system REDUCE. Our long term goal is to integrate REDUCE as a workhorse'' for symbolic computations into a numerical solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Applications which need exclusive access to a shared resource in distributed systems require a fault-tolerant and scalable mechanism to coordinate this exclusive access. Examples of such applications include distributed file systems and master/slave data replication. We present Flease, an algorithm for decentralized and fault-tolerant lease coordination in distributed systems. Our algorithm allows the processes competing for a resource to coordinate exclusive access through leases among themselves without a central component. The resulting system easily scales with an increasing number of nodes and resources. We prove that Flease ensures exclusive access, i.e. guarantees that there is at most one valid lease at any time.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose an efficient column generation method to minimize the probability of delay propagations along aircraft rotations. In this way, delay resistant schedules can be constructed. Computational results for large-scale real-world problems demonstrate substantial punctuality improvements. The method can be generalized to crew and integrated scheduling problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: In optimal control problems with nonlinear time-dependent 3D PDEs, full 4D discretizations are usually prohibitive due to the storage requirement. For this reason gradient and quasi-Newton methods working on the reduced functional are often employed. The computation of the reduced gradient requires one solve of the state equation forward in time, and one backward solve of the adjoint equation. The state enters into the adjoint equation, again requiring the storage of a full 4D data set. We propose a lossy compression algorithm using an inexact but cheap predictor for the state data, with additional entropy coding of prediction errors. As the data is used inside a discretized, iterative algorithm, lossy coding maintaining an error bound is sufficient.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Bovine fertility is the subject of extensive research in animal sciences, especially because fertility of dairy cows has declined during the last decades. The regulation of estrus is controlled by the complex interplay of various organs and hormones. Mathematical modeling of the bovine estrous cycle could help in understanding the dynamics of this complex biological system. In this paper we present a mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle that includes the processes of follicle and corpus luteum development and the key hormones that interact to control these processes. Focus in this paper is on development of the model, but also some simulation results are presented, showing that a set of equations and parameters is obtained that describes the system consistent with empirical knowledge. Even though the majority of the mechanisms that are included are only known qualitatively as stimulatory or inhibitory effects, the model surprisingly well features quantitative observations made in reality. This model of the bovine estrous cycle could be used as a basis for more elaborate models with the ability to study effects of external manipulations and genetic differences.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Learning during search allows solvers for discrete optimization problems to remember parts of the search that they have already performed and avoid revisiting redundant parts. Learning approaches pioneered by the SAT and CP communities have been successfully incorporated into the SCIP constraint integer programming platform. In this paper we show that performing a heuristic constraint programming search during root node processing of a binary program can rapidly learn useful nogoods, bound changes, primal solutions, and branching statistics that improve the remaining IP search.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel integer programming approach to transfer minimization for line planning problems in public transit. The idea is to incorporate penalties for transfers that are induced by “connection capacities” into the construction of the passenger paths. We show that such penalties can be dealt with by a combination of shortest and constrained shortest path algorithms such that the pricing problem for passenger paths can be solved efficiently. Connection capacity penalties (under)estimate the true transfer times. This error is, however, not a problem in practice. We show in a computational comparison with two standard models on a real-world scenario that our approach can be used to minimize passenger travel and transfer times for large-scale line planning problems with accurate results.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The aim of this paper is to devise an adaptive timestep control in the contact--stabilized Newmark method (CONTACX) for dynamical contact problems between two viscoelastic bodies in the framework of Signorini's condition. In order to construct a comparative scheme of higher order accuracy, we extend extrapolation techniques. This approach demands a subtle theoretical investigation of an asymptotic error expansion of the contact--stabilized Newmark scheme. On the basis of theoretical insight and numerical observations, we suggest an error estimator and a timestep selection which also cover the presence of contact. Finally, we give a numerical example.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Railway scheduling is based on the principle of the construction of a conflict-free timetable. This leads to a strict definition of capacity: in contrast with road transportation, it can be said in advance whether a given railway infrastructure can accommodate - at least in theory - a certain set of train requests. Consequently, auctions for railway capacity are modeled as auctions of discrete goods -- the train slots. We present estimates for the efficiency gain that may be generated by slot auctioning in comparison with list price allocation. We introduce a new class of allocation and auction problems, the feasible assignment problem, that is a proper generalization of the well-known combinatorial auction problem. The feasible assignment class was designed to cover the needs for an auction mechanism for railway slot auctions, but is of interest in its own right. As a practical instance to state and solve the railway slot allocation problem, we present an integer programming formulation, briefly the ACP, which turns out to be an instance of the feasible assignment problem and whose dual problem yields prices that can be applied to define a useful activity rule for the linearized version of the Ausubel Milgrom Proxy auction. We perform a simulation aiming to measure the impact on efficiency and convergence rate.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents concepts and implementation of the finite element toolbox Kaskade 7, a flexible C++ code for solving elliptic and parabolic PDE systems. Issues such as problem formulation, assembly and adaptivity are discussed at the example of optimal control problems. Trajectory compression for parabolic optimization problems is considered as a case study.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper a bottom-up approach of automatic simplification of a railway network is presented. Starting from a very detailed, microscopic level, as it is used in railway simulation, the network is transformed by an algorithm to a less detailed level (macroscopic network), that is sufficient for long-term planning and optimization. In addition running and headway times are rounded to a pre-chosen time discretization by a special cumulative method, which we will present and analyse in this paper. After the transformation we fill the network with given train requests to compute an optimal slot allocation. Then the optimized schedule is re-transformed into the microscopic level and can be simulated without any conflicts occuring between the slots. The algorithm is used to transform the network of the very dense Simplon corridor between Swiss and Italy. With our aggregation it is possible for the first time to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the corridor across a day by a simultaneously optimization run.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In solving large polynomial algebraic systems that are too big for standard Gröbner basis techniques one way to make progress is to introduce case distinctions. This divide and conquer technique can be beneficial if the algorithms and computer programs know how to take advantage of inequalities. A further hurdle is the form of the resulting general solutions which often have unnecessarily many branches. In this paper we discuss a procedure to merge solutions by dropping inequalities which are associated with them and, if necessary, by re-parametrizing solutions. In the appendix the usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated in the classification of quadratic Hamiltonians with a Lie-Poisson bracket $e(3)$. This application required the solution of algebraic systems with over 200 unknowns, 450 equations and between 5000 and 9000 terms.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In the paper arguments are given why the concept of static evaluation (SE) has the potential to be a useful extension to Monte Carlo tree search. A new concept of modeling SE through a dynamical system is introduced and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The general suitability of this approach is demonstrated. A Remark: Among users of the Internet Go server KGS the abbreviation SE is used for 'Score Estimator'. Although different from 'Static Evaluation' a score estimator is easily obtained from static evaluation by adding up probabilities of chains to be alive at the end of the game or points to be owned by White or Black
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Linear Poisson brackets on e(3) typical of rigid body dynamics are considered. All quadratic Hamiltonians of Kowalevski type having additional first integral of fourth degree are found. Quantum analogs of these Hamiltonians are listed.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A classification problem is proposed for supersymmetric %scaling\/-\/in\-va\-ri\-ant evolutionary PDE that satisfy the assumptions of nonlinearity, nondegeneracy, and homogeneity. Four classes of nonlinear coupled boson\/-\/fermion systems are discovered under the weighting assumption $|f|=|b|=|D_t|=\oh$. The syntax of the \Reduce\ package \SsTools, which was used for intermediate computations, and the applicability of its procedures to the calculus of super\/-\/PDE are described.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: We consider the problem of constructing Gardner's deformations for the $N{=}2$ supersymmetric $a{=}4$--\/Korteweg\/--\/de Vries equation; such deformations yield recurrence relations between the super\/-\/Hamiltonians of the hierarchy. We prove the non\/-\/existence %P.~Mathieu's Open problem on constructing for of supersymmetry\/-\/invariant %Gardner's deformations that %solutions, retract to Gardner's formulas for the KdV equation %whenever it is assumed that, under the %respective component reduction. % in the $N{=}2$ super\/-\/field. the solutions . At the same time, we propose a two\/-\/step scheme for the recursive production of the integrals of motion for the $N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV. First, we find a new Gardner's deformation of the Kaup\/--\/Boussinesq equation, which is contained in the bosonic limit of the super\/-\/%$N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy. This yields the recurrence relation between the Hamiltonians of the limit, whence we determine the bosonic super\/- /Hamiltonians of the full $N{=}2$, $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide an introduction into the mathematics of and with paths. Not on the shortest, but hopefully on an entertaining path!
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein mathematisches Optimierungsmodell zur Bestimmung eines optimalen Linienplans vor, das sowohl die Fahrzeiten und die Anzahl der Umstiege berücksichtigt als auch die Kosten des Liniennetzes. Dieses Modell deckt wichtige praktische Anforderungen ab, die in einem gemeinsamen Projekt mit den Verkehrsbetrieben in Potsdam (ViP) formuliert wurden. In diesem Projekt wurde der Linienplan 2010 für Potsdam entwickelt. Unsere Berechnungen zeigen, dass die mathematische Optimierung in nichts einer "Handplanung" des Liniennetzes nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, mit Hilfe des Optimierungsprogramms ist es möglich, durch Veränderung der Parameter mehrere verschiedene Szenarien zu berechnen, miteinander zu vergleichen und Aussagen über minimale Kosten und Fahrzeiten zu machen.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: The paper gathers evidence showing different dimensions of the game of Go: the continuous and discrete nature of the game and different types of relations between state variables happening on ultra local, local, regional, and global scales. Based on these observations a new continuous local model for describing a board position is introduced. This includes the identification of the basic variables describing a board position and the formulation and solution of a dynamical system for their computation. To be usable as a static evaluation function for a game playing program at least group-wide (regional)aspects will have to be incorporated.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The track allocation problem, also known as train routing problem or train timetabling problem, is to find a conflict-free set of train routes of maximum value in a railway network. Although it can be modeled as a standard path packing problem, instances of sizes relevant for real-world railway applications could not be solved up to now. We propose a rapid branching column generation approach that integrates the solution of the LP relaxation of a path coupling formulation of the problem with a special rounding heuristic. The approach is based on and exploits special properties of the bundle method for the approximate solution of convex piecewise linear functions. Computational results for difficult instances of the benchmark library TTPLIB are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This paper presents a case study on a railway timetable optimization for the very dense Simplon corridor, a major railway connection in the Alps between Switzerland and Italy. Starting from a detailed microscopic network as it is used in railway simulation, the data is transformed by an automatic procedure to a less detailed macroscopic network, that is sufficient for the purpose of capacity planning and amenable to state-of-the-art integer programming optimization methods. In this way, the macroscopic railway network is saturated with trains. Finally, the corresponding timetable is re-transformed to the microscopic level in such a way that it can be operated without any conflicts among the slots. Using this integer programming based micro-macro aggregation-disaggregation approach, it becomes for the first time possible to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the complete Simplon corridor over an entire day by a simultaneous optimization of all trains requests. This also allows to to undertake a sensitivity analysis of various problem parameters.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The thesis presents the analysis of a reduced model for modulation of internal gravity waves by deep convective clouds. The starting point for the derivation are conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy coupled with a bulk micro-physics model describing the evolution of mixing ratios of water vapor, cloud water and rain water. A reduced model for the identified scales of the regime is derived, using multi-scale asymptotics. The closure of the model employs conditional averaging over the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. The resulting reduced model is an extension of the anelastic equations, linearized around a constant background state, which are well-known from meteorology. The closure of the model is achieved purely by analytical means and involves no additional physically motivated assumptions. The essential new parameter arising from the coupling to a micro-physics model is the area fraction of saturated regions on the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. It turns out that this parameter is constant on the employed short timescale. Hence the clouds constitute a constant background, modulating the characteristics of propagation of internal waves. The model is then investigated by analytical as well as numerical means. Important results are, among others, that in the model moisture (i) inhibits propagation of internal waves by reducing the modulus of the group velocity, (ii) reduces the angle between the propagation direction of a wave-packet and the horizontal, (iii) causes critical layers and (iv) introduces a maximum horizontal wavelength beyond which waves are no longer propagating but become evanescent. The investigated examples of orographically generated gravity waves also feature a significant reduction of vertical momentum flux by moisture. The model is extended by assuming systematically small under-saturation, that is saturation at leading order. The closure is similar to the original case but requires additional assumptions. The saturated area fraction in the obtained model is no longer constant but now depends nonlinearly on vertical displacement and thus on vertical velocity.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We propose a hybrid approach for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem which is an extremely hard to solve combinatorial optimization problem of practical relevance. Jobs have to be scheduled on (renewable) resources subject to precedence constraints such that the resource capacities are never exceeded and the latest completion time of all jobs is minimized. The problem has challenged researchers from different communities, such as integer programming (IP), constraint programming (CP), and satisfiability testing (SAT). Still, there are instances with 60 jobs which have not been solved for many years. The currently best known approach, lazyFD, is a hybrid between CP and SAT techniques. In this paper we propose an even stronger hybridization by integrating all the three areas, IP, CP, and SAT, into a single branch-and-bound scheme. We show that lower bounds from the linear relaxation of the IP formulation and conflict analysis are key ingredients for pruning the search tree. First computational experiments show very promising results. For five instances of the well-known PSPLIB we report an improvement of lower bounds. Our implementation is generic, thus it can be potentially applied to similar problems as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: In contrast to the well known meshbased methods like the finite element method, meshfree methods do not rely on a mesh. However besides their great applicability, meshfree methods are rather time consuming. Thus, it seems favorable to combine both methods, by using meshfree methods only in a small part of the domain, where a mesh is disadvantageous, and a meshbased method for the rest of the domain. We motivate, that this coupling between the two simulation techniques can be considered as saddle point problem and show the stability of this coupling. Thereby a novel transfer operator is introduced, which interacts in the transition zone, where both methods coexist.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 624-630 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanism of anaerobic microbiological corrosion of metals in soilIn order to investigate the mechanism of anaerobic micro-biological corrosion of iron in the soil, the authors have carried out electro-chemical model tests. These showed that the cathodic depolarisation is accompained by an anodic depolarisation, which has been investigated in detail as to its cause and progress, and its effect on the formation of the protective layers. Moreover, since a potential is set up between those parts of the surface which are affected by anaerobic bacteria and those which are not, long-distance currents are generated which give rise to strong local corrosion at ferrous building components in the soil. Finally, the corrosion of metals in the soil is also decisively influenced by the alternation of oxidizing and reducing conditions and by the mutually complementary activities of oxidizing and reducing micro-organisms.
    Notes: Zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus der anaeroben mikrobiologischen Korrosion des Eisens im Erdreich führten die Verfasser elektrochemische Modellversuche durch. Diese ergaben, daß gleichzeitig mit der kathodischen Depolarisation auch eine anodische Depolarisation auftritt, deren Ursache, Verlauf und Auswirkung auf die Ausbildung von Schutzschichten eingehend verfolgt wurden. Da weiter zwischen Oberflächenpartien, die unter dem Einfluß anaerober Bakterien stehen und solchen, die frei von diesen Bakterien sind, Potentiale entstehen, treten Langstreckenströme auf, die zu starken örtlichen Anfressungen an eisernen Bauteilen im Erdreich führen. Schließlich übt auch der zeitliche Wechsel der oxydierenden und reduzierenden Bedingungen und die einander ergänzende Lebenstätigkeit oxydierender und reduzierender Mikroorganismen einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Korrosion der Metalle im Erdreich aus.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 661-661 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 662-663 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XXVI 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 666-668 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetics of the dissolution of copper, and graphic presentation of its performance by means of corrosion current pH diagramsThe dissolution of electrolylic copper in electrolytes has been investigated by observing the corrosion current io. The dissolution rate in 0,25 n-NaCl and 0,25 nKH2PO4 is governed by the exponential relationships io = 0,20·t1,67 and io = 0,08 · t0,695, respectively. The dissolution rate in 0,5 n-KNO, is governed by the linear relation io = 0,08 · t, where t is the duration of the test. Thc present paper is exclusively concerned with the graphic presentation of the performance af electrolytic copper and brass 70 in the form of the corrosion current/PH diagram.
    Notes: Der Auflösungsvorgang des Elektrolytkupfers in Elektrolyten wurde anhand des Korrosionsstroms i0 verfolgt. Für die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit in 0,25 n-NaCl und 0,25 n-KH2PO4 gelten die exponentiellen Beziehungen: i0 = 0.20 . t1.67, bzw. i0 = 0.08 . t0.695, und in 0.5 n-KNO3 gilt die lineare Beziehung i0 = 0.08 . t, wobei t die Versuchsdauer bedeutet.Der vorliegende Beitrag bringt die graphische Darstellung der Korrosion des Elektrolytkupfers und Messings M 70 in Form des Korrosionsstrom-pH-Diagramms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 779-780 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 564-572 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laboratory Equipment mode of High-Stability PlatinumIn an effort to improve the mechanical resistance and dimensional stability of platinum laboratory equipment without impairing its chemical resistance, platinum has been alloyed with a few per cent of gold. In the annealed condition, this alloy, known as “Crucible Platinum II”, has twice the tensile strength of normal crucible platinum, not only at room temperature but even at temperatures as high as 1000°C. Practical experience, extending over several years, with crucibles and dishes in numerous analytical laboratories has shown that equipment made of “Crucible Platinum II”, has excellent shape stability, without being in any way inferior to normal crucible platinum as for as its chemical resistance is concerned. By means of statistical data, the weight constancy of the new alloy is compared with that of normal crucible platinum, after being used for normal analytical ignition and fusing tests, and after exposure to acids.
    Notes: In dem Bestreben, die mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit und Formbeständigkeit von Laboratoriumsgeräten aus Platin zu verbessern unter voller Erhaltung ihrer chemischen Beständigkeit, wurden dem Platin einige Prozent Gold zulegiert. Dieses “Geräteplatin II” besitzt im geglühten Zustand nicht nur bei Raumtemperatur, sondern auch noch bei 1000°C eine doppelt so hohe Festigkeit als normales Geräteplatin. Während mehrjähriger Erprobung von Tiegeln und Schalen in zahlreichen analytischen Laboratorien hat sich erwiesen, daß Geräte aus dem neuen “Geräteplatin II” eine ausgezeichnete Formbeständigkeit haben und dabei hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Beständigkeit dem normalen Geräteplatin nicht nachstehen. Es wurden vergleichende Daten für die Gewichtskonstanz von Geräten aus normalem und aus formbeständigem Geräteplatin bei den üblichen analytischen Glüh- und Schmelzoperationen sowie bei der Einwirkung von Säuren mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 589-589 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 596-596 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 654-654 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 35
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 663-664 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XXXI 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 38
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 800-800 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 39
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 186-194 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 40
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Fissile and Construction Metals in Atomic ReactorsWithout any undervaluation of previously achieved success, the beginning of the world wide commercializing of nuclear technics may be considered as to coincide with the first Geneva conference. Considering the first conference as a initial balance sheet of nuclear fission, the second conference would have been that of nuclear fusion. Using the same metaphor, all the following international meetings on those items will be interim balances demonstrating to which extent the ideas of 1955 and 1958 will have been realised and applied to the modern supply of energy without fossile fuels.Both the Geneva conferences showed the decisive importance of metallurgy for the future development of nuclear technics. It has to deal with the problem how to construct dependable and competitive devices within the range of our technical possibilities which comply with the requirements of theoretical physics.This and the following papers contain treatments on the materials under key words or headlines as follow: Summary of the materials used in atomic reactors, absorption of neutrons as a material constant, the geology of uranium and thorium, the chemistry and metallurgy of reactor materials and industrial isotope technics.
    Notes: Ohne die vorher erreichten Erfolge gering einschätzen zu wollen, fällt der eigentliche Beginn einer weltweiten Kommerzialisierung des Atoms mit der 1. Genfer Atomkonferenz zusammen. Wurde 1955 eine Art Eröffnungsbilanz' der Kernspaltung gegeben, hatte die 2. Konferenz des Jahres 1958 alle Merkmale einer Eröffnungsbilanz der Kernverschmelzung. Alle weiteren internationalen Veranstaltungen zum Thema Atom werden dann  -  um im Bilde zu bleiben  -  jeweils als Zwischenbilanzen demonstrieren, was von den 1955 und 1958 gesteckten Zielen im weltweiten Rahmen realisiert und in eine neue Energieversorgung ohne fossile Brennstoffe eingebaut werden konnte.Auf beiden Genfer Konferenzen trat die entscheidende Bedeutung der Metallurgie für die zukünftige nukleare Weiterentwicklung offen zutage. Ihr ist die Aufgabe gestellt, die von der theoretischen Physik oft weit vorausgesteckten Ziele auf dem Boden technischer Realitäten in betriebssichere und wettbewerbsfähige Konstruktionen umzuwandeln.In der vorliegenden und den folgenden Abhandlungen werden die werkstofflichen Perspektiven, soweit sie in Genf erkennbar waren, zur Darstellung kommen, und zwar unter folgenden Stichworten, die gleichzeitig Abschnittsüberschritte sind: Werkstoffbilanz der Atomreaktoren, Neutronenabsorption als Materialkonstante, Geologie des Urans und Thoriums, Chemie und Metallurgie der Reaktorwerkstoffe, industrielle Isotopentechnik.
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  • 41
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 255-259 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 44
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: With the aid of a voltage diagram, definite ranges of potential differences can be determined each of them characterising special corrosion conditions for this metal. Above the minimum corrosion potential, titanium can be rendered chemically inactive by coating with a layer of titanium-hydride (hydride-passive condition). This condition is reached normally in the presence of strong cathodic polarisation only. Exceeding a critical potential difference, the metal becomes chemically active. Corrosion and hydrogen generation take place (normal corrosion in non-oxidising acids). Exceeding the critical P.D for passivity the metal is covered with an oxide layer which again renders it inactive, (oxide-passive condition). This is the condition responsible for the excellent corrosion-resisting properties of titanium in oxidising media. With relatively high potential differences which occur only by anodic polarisation and not in oxidising media, activation is again encountered in halogenide solutions(trans-passive condition). Titanium is attacked in the forms of scars. In solutions free from halides there is no corrosion at strong anodic polarisations. The different corrosion conditions on titanium in various ranges of P.D. are explained by characteristic examples.
    Notes: Es lassen sich für Titan verschiedene Potentialbereiche an Hand eines Strom-Spannungsdiagramms festlegen, innerhalb derer ein für das Metall jeweils charakteristisches Korrosionsverhalten besteht. Oberhalb des Immunitätspotentials wird Titan durch Bedeckung mit einer Titanhydridschicht passiv (hydrid passiver Zustand). Der hydridpassive Zustand wird normalerweise nur bei starker kathodischer Polarisation erreicht. Bei Überschreiten eines kritischen Potentials wird das Metall aktiv. Es tritt Korrosion unter Wasserstoffentwicklung ein (normale Korrosion in nichtoxydierenden Säuren). Bei Überschreiten des kritischen Passivierungspotentials wird das Metall von einer Oxydschicht bedeckt und dadurch erneut passiv (oxydpassiver Zustand). Der oxydpassive Zustand ist für die ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans gegenüber oxydierenden Medien verantwortlich. Bei relativ hohen Potentialen, die nur durch anodische Polarisation, nicht hingegen durch Oxydationsmittel erreicht werden, tritt in halogenidhaltigen Lösungen erneut Aktivierung ein (transpassiver Zustand). Titan wird narbenförmig angegriffen. In halogenidfreien Lösungen dagegen tritt bei starker anodischer Polarisation keine Korrosion ein. An Hand einer Reihe von charakteristischen Beispielen wird das unterschiedliche Korrosionsverhalten des Titans in den verschiedenen Potentialbereichen erklärt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 274-274 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 46
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 275-276 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 47
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. VII 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 281-304 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fluates as binding media in the production of chemically resistant and capillary-tight cement and concrete1According to a new theoretical conception of the author, a clearer picture of the processes of hydration and hydraulic hardening in mortar was obtained as a result of obtaining an attack-resisting binder of the cement lime by means of a planned chemical transformation with fluates, and also through the clarification of their reaction mechanism; and this indicates new ways of determining the factors which influence chemical attack on concrete. By these means it was proved that the conventional view of these processes is not correct and must be critically re-examined.2Fluates contained in the mixing water cause a change in the mortar-like properties of the cement and improve working quality, strength capillary density and resistance to attack. Fluates are thus suitable ingredients for the production of resistant, dense cement-mortar and concrete; they influence its useful life and applications range.3Results of laboratory experiments are confirmed by manifold practical experience over long periods of observation. In view of this agreement of results the new knowledge is of fundamental practical and theoretical importance in the solution of the problem of attack on cement.
    Notes: 1Nach einer neuen zementtheoretischen Anschauung des Verfassers wurde durch die aggressionsbeständige Bindung des Kalkhydrats des Zements mittels einer gezielten chemischen Umsetzung durch Fluate und die Aufklärung ihres Reaktionsmechanismus eine vertiefte Vorstellung über die Vorgänge der Hydratation und der hydraulischen Erhärtung im Mörtelbett gewonnen und damit neue Wege zur Feststellung der die Betonaggression bestimmenden Einflußfaktoren aufgezeigt. Es konnte dadurch nachgewiesen werden, daß die bisherigen Anschauungen Über diese Vorgänge nicht zutreffen und einer kritischen Überprüfung unterzogen werden müssen.2Fluate im Anmachewasser bewirken eine Veränderung der mörteltechnischen Eigenschaften des Zements und verbessern dadurch Verarbeitbarkeit, Festigkeit, Kapillardichte und Aggressionsbeständigkeit. Demnach sind Fluate Zementwirkstoffe zur Herstellung von aggressivbeständigem, kapillardichtem Zementmörtel und Beton, wodurch deren Gebrauchsdauer und Anwendbarkeit entscheidend beeinflußt wird.2Laboratoriumsmäßige Untersuchungsergebnisse werden durch vielseitige praktische Erfahrungen nach langen Beobachtungszeiten bestätigt. Im Hinblick auf diese Übereinstimmung sind die neuen Erkenntnisse für die Lösung des Problems der Betonaggression theoretisch und praktisch von grundlegender Bedeutung.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 332-335 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 335-336 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 458-460 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 464-467 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 467-469 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 469-469 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 469-470 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 475-475 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XVI 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 477-489 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Protective Coats of Sprayed SchandauNumerous examples show that especially zinc and aluminium covers as well as composite double covers have proved good in anti-rust protection. By additional, especially selected coats of paint their protective effect could be increased. The values of applied and lost quantities of sprays depend functionally on the largeness of the surface to be metallized. There is a description of a stratum-meter. The scattering of the thickness of sprayed layers on large surfaces as well as some spraying - procedure effects are discussed. To achieve sprayed covers of uniform thickness the spraying gun led by hand must be replaced by a mechanism. These things are demonstrated by some practical examples. Further development is supposed to follow some specific suggestions of the author.
    Notes: Für den Schutz gegen Verrostung haben sich besonders Zink- und Aluminium-, aber auch Halbundhalb-Doppelschichten aus beiden Metallen bewährt, wie an zahlreichen Beispielen gezeigt wird. Deren Rostschutzwirkung kann beträchtlich verstärkt werden durch zusätzliche Deckanstriche, die für den Zweck ausgesucht sein müssen. Bestimmungen des Spritzgutverbrauchs und -verlustes zeigten die funktionelle Abhängigkeit von der Größe der zu metallisierenden Flächen, wonach die Spritzgutverluste im Prinzip um so größer und die Ausbeuten um so kleinere Flächen und Teilverbände auflösen.Für Schichtdicke-Messungen in Betracht kommendes Gerät wurde beschrieben. Die Streuung der Schichtdicke innerhalb von Großflächen wurde nebst beeinflussenden Varianten des Spritzvorganges erörtert. Um mit Sicherheit gleichmäßige Schichtdicken spritzen zu können, muß die z. Z. noch überwiegende Führung der Spritzpistolen per Hand durch Mechanisierung abgelöst werden. Hierfür wurden Beispiele aus der Spritzpraxis genannt und die zukünftige notwendige Weiterentwicklung durch entsprechende Anregungen angedeutet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 151-152 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Testing of Paints with the Aid of AerosolsIt is well known that opinions differ considerably about the value and usefulness of accelerated tests. On the other hand, it has been proved that the use of genuine aerosols for the corrosion testing of protective paints offers advantages as the testing technique is derived from the salt spray test. Spraying is not carried out by means of jets bat with the aid of suitably constructed aerosol as is used, for instance, in air conditioning. A 0,05 % solution of NaCl with a CO2 addition of 1 litre/hour is recommended as test medium. The corrosion test can be intensified by adding aggressive gases like CO2, HCl, NH3 and SO2.
    Notes: Bekanntlich gehen die Ansichten über Wert und Zweckmäßigkeit von Kurzzeitprüfungen stark auseinander. Dagegen ist erwiesen, daß die Verwendung echter Aerosole für die Korrosionsprüfung von Schutzanstrichen Vorteile bietet, wobei das Prüfverfahren den Methoden des Salzsprühtestes entstammt. Hierbei wird von einer Versprühung mit Düsen abgesehen und ein entsprechend konstruierter Aerosolapparat verwendet, wie er z. B. für die Raumlufterzeugung verwendet wird. Als Prüfmittel wird eine 0,05%-ige NaCl-Lösung mit einem CO2-Zusatz von 1 l/h empfohlen. Durch aggressive Gase wie CO2, HCl, SO2, NH3 läßt sich die Korrosionsprüfung verschärfen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 64
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cast Iron for Chemical Plant ConstructionInfluencing the Structures of alloys methodically and applying suitable alloying metals, cast iron metallurgy has achieved remarkable success in the production of high quality cast iron materials.Cast iron has always occupied a special place as a structural materials in the construction of chemical industries equipment. This results from its specials characteristics like good mechanical properties, good workability, low wear, easy casting and its good resistance to corrosion and heat which are of big importance for the chemical industries.Except of non-alloyed and low alloy grey cast iron, a large number of highly alloyed cast iron are available. Their properties - particularly alkali and acid resistance - are discussed in detail.Spherical graphite cast iron opens new fields of application, e.g for high pressure constructions. Enamelled cast iron is suitable for special purposes in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.Examples of characteristics cast iron devices show a small section of the manifold uses to which this materials can be applied in chemical plant construction.
    Notes: Die neuere Entwicklung der Gußeisenmetallurgie hat durch zielbewußte Beeinflussung des Gefügeaufbaus der Legierungen und durch Anwendung geeigneter Legierungselemente beachtliche Erfolge in der Herstellung hochwertiger Gußeisenwerkstoffe für die verschiedensten Verwendungszwecke erzielt.Gußeisen hat seit jeher eine Sonderstellung als Werkstoff im Apparatebau der chemischen Industrie. Sie ist gegeben durch eine Reihe charakteristischer Gebrauchseigenschaften, zu denen neben seinen mechanischen Gütewerten, seiner guten Bearbeitbarkeit, den hervorragenden Verschleißeigenschaften und seiner leichten Vergießbarkeit die für den chemischen Betrieb wichtige Korrosions- und Hitzebeständigkeit zählen.Neben dem unlegierten und niedriglegierten Grauguß ist eine große Zahl höher legierter Gußeisenwerkstoffe bekannt, deren Eigenschaflen, insbesondere Alkali- bzw. Säurebeständigkeit, im einzelnen aufgezeigt werden.Das Kugelgraphit-Gußeisen eröffnet neue Anwendungsgebiete, z. B. für Apparaturen, die bei höheren Drucken eingesetzt werden. Emaillierter Grauguß eignet sich für besondere Zwecke der chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Nahrungsmittelindustrie.Beispiele charakteristischer Apparateteile geben einen kleinen Ausschnitt aus dem vielseitigen Programm des Werkstoffs Gußeisen für den chemischen Apparatebau.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 311-321 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Critique on the Test of Stainless Steel in Boiling Concentrated Nitric AcidA review of the publications, especially American papers, on the test in boiling nitric acid shows that its results do not give any information on the behavior of stainless steel in other chemical agents. A comparison of the qualities, even in the range of one kind of steel, is not reliable as demonstrated by means of different investigations and quotations. Thus, the test is applied to the control of the final heat treatment only. Here, the wearisome nitric acid test is by no means better than other acid tests.An investigation of the structure, e. g. by electrolytic etching in oxalic acid according to the Streicher method, seems to be suitable to give reliable data on the final heat treatment and the sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.You should give up to search for a relation between the results of this test and the dubious losses of weight in nitric acid. A qualitative or halfquantitative valuation of etching structures, deformation lines and inclusions should be sufficient. A determination of the chemical resistance will only be useful if it is carried Out in that agent in which the steel will be applied.
    Notes: Die Kritik der Arbeiten Über die Prüfung in siedender konzentrierter Salpetersäure, insbesondere in der amerikanischen Literatur, läßt erkennen, daß aus dieser Prüfung nicht auf das Verhalten in anderen chemischen Agenzien geschlossen werden kann. Mit verschiedenen Versuchen und Zitaten wird belegt, daß der Gütevergleich an Hand dieser Prüfung auch innerhalb einer Qualität zweifelhaft ist. Die Prüfung wird daher allgemein nur noch zur Beurteilung der Endwärmebehandlung herangezogen, worin sich die langwierige Salpetersäureprüfung gegenüber anderen Säuren keineswegs auszeichnet.Eine Gefügeuntersuchung etwa nach der elektrolytischen Oxalsäure-ätzung nach Streicher erscheint eher in der Lage, eine Endwärmebehandlung und IK-Anfälligkeit sicher zu beurteilen.Man sollte jedoch darauf verzichten, die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung auf die problematischen Gewichtsverluste in Salpetersäure zu beziehen und sich mit einer qualitativen oder halbquantitativen Beurteilung von Ätzstruktur, Verformungslinien und Einschlüssen zufrieden geben. Eine Beurteilung der chemischen Beständigkeit hat auf jeden Fall nur in dem korrodierenden Agens einen Sinn, in dem der Stahl zum Einsatz kommt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 336-336 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 339-342 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 70
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 353-355 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 71
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 373-375 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electro-polishing of hing carbon steelsThe author first carried out systematic experiments on the electropolishing of carbon steels of various carbon contents after various heat treatments and with two standard electrolytes (H2SO4-H3PO4 and without dextrose). As the results were unsatisfactory with regard to gloss, relectivity and consistency, the same experiments in electro-polishing were repeated with a modified standard electrolyte (H2SO4—H3PO4—Cr2O3—feSO4-CH3COOH)under varying conditions of work; after only a few trials entirely glossy surfaces were obtained which remained free from corrosive elements resulting from etching.
    Notes: Verfasser führte zunächst systematische Elektropolierversuche mit C-Stählen mit verschiedenem C-Gehalt nach unterschiedlicher Wärmebehandlung mit zwei Standard- Elektrolyten (H2SO4—H3PO4 mit/ohne Dextrose) durch. Da die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Glanz, Reflexionsvermögen und Reproduzierbarkeit nicht befriedigten, wurden die gleichen Elektropolterversuche mit einem modifizierten Standard-Elektrolyten (H2SO4—H3PO4—CrO3—Cr2O3—FeSO4—CH3COOH) unter verschiedenen Arbeitsbedingungen durchgeführt, wobei bereits nach einigen wenigen Versuchen vollständig glänzende, von durch Anätzung entstandene Angriffselemente freie Oberflächen erzielt wurden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 377-383 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction Mechanism of the Atmospheric corrosion of Metals in Humid Air Containing sulphur Dioxide ContaminationIn an atmosphere contaminated with sulphur dioxide the course of the reaction is often determined by hydrolytic reactions. This produces solid corrosion products with different physicochemical properties. An explanation is proposed of the effect of sulphur dioxide by means of a reaction mechanism.
    Notes: In einer Atmosphäre, die durch Schwefeldioxyd verunreinigt ist, wird der Reaktionsverlauf häufig durch hydrolytische Reaktionen bestimmt. Dabei entstehen feste Korrosionsprodukte von unterschiedlichen physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften. Zur Erklärung der Wirkung des Schwefeldioxydes wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 386-391 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 398-401 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 77
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  • 78
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 410-411 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 79
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 450-453 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 80
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 81
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 82
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. X 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 83
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 357-363 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The protection of hydraulic steel constructions by Flame-Sprayed Zinc coatingsThe economic importance of protective covers. The state development in poland.The protective value of coatings. Influences of air-and water pollutants. Quantities and kinds of the dust-and gas pollutants in the air silesia. Water characteristics of some rivers.Experimental data of the resistance to corrosion of sprayed covers in open air tests under various conditions of climate.The polish gas-and arc-spraying guns. Characteristic values and efficiency.Application of metal covers to hydraulic steel constructions abroad and in poland. Comparison of the charges of sprayed and brushed covers.
    Notes: Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Schutzüberzüge. Stand der Entwicklung in Polen.Schutzwert der überzüge. Einfluß der Luft- und Wasserverunreinigungen. Mengen und Arten der Staub- und Gasverunreinigungen der atmosphärischen Luft im Industriebezirk Oberschlesiens. Wassercharakteristik einiger Flüsse.Untersuchungsergebnisse der Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Spritzüberzüge nach Feldversuchen unter verschiedenen Klimabedingungen.Polnische Gas- und Lichtbogenspritzpistolen. Kennzahlen und Leistungsdaten.Anwendungen der Metallüberzüge in Stahlwasserbauten im Ausland und in Polen.Kostenvergleich der Spritzüberzüge und der Deckanstriche.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 401-409 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 502-511 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 409-409 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 411-411 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 411-411 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 425-429 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the polarization curve for examining the localized corrosion of stainless steelsIt is shown how it is possible, on the base of anodic and cathodic polarization curve, to judge the danger of pitting in large apparatus for each attacking agent and accordingly to take suitable measures.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, wie es möglich ist, auf Grund anodischer und kathodischer Polarisationskurven die Gefahr der Entstehung von Lochfraß in Großapparaten für jedes angreifende Mittel zu beurteilen und danach zweckentsprechende Vorkehrungen zu treffen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 442-445 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Protection by Paint Systems, as Appraised by Statistics and Exemplified by Some Prominent Steel BuildingsThe technical literature contains a number of data concerning losses due to corrosion (in quantitative and monetary terms), the cost of corrosion protection (cost of labour and materials, etc.), and the size (in square metres) of the surface areas of steel buildings to be protected by paint systems. An attempt has been made to determine these items statistically.The example of the history of the paint protection of a prominent steel structure, viz. the Eiffel Tower, shows that effective corrosion protection by means of paints is possible if the coats are renewed in good time.
    Notes: Über die Verluste durch Korrosion (mengenmäßig und kostenmäßig), über die Kosten für den Korrosionsschutz (Löhne, Material usf.), über die Größe der durch Anstrichmittel zu schützenden Stahlbauten (m2), sind in der Literatur eine Anzahl von Angaben zu finden. Es wurde versucht, die Werte statistisch zu erfassen.Ferner wird am Beispiel eines bekannten Stahlobjektes, des Eiffelturmes, mittels der Anstrichgeschichte dieses Objektes gezeigt, daß ein Korrosionsschutz durch Anstriche möglich ist, wenn sie in den erforderlichen Zeiträumen erneuert werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 461-462 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 463-464 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 538-539 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XX 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 556-563 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The segregation of chromium from complex chromium sulphate solutionsUnder certain conditions of amperage, temperature and pH value, it is possible for chromium to be segregated, in glossy form, from complex chromium tri-sulphate solutions containing urea, at a current utilisation of 10 to 15 per cent. Such coatings can be used as a substitute for decorative chromium, though not for hard-chromium plating, as it is not possible to obtain coatings of major thickness. The method permits the direct chromium plating, zinc and iron. The chromium coatings show fissures which tend to widen at higher amperages.
    Notes: In komplexen Chrom-III-sulfatlösungen, die Harnstoff enthalten, kann Chrom unter bestimmten Bedingungen für Stromstärke, Temperature und pH-Werte in glänzender Form und bei Stromausbeuten von 10 bis 15% abgeschieden werden. Die Überzüge kommen als Ersatz für dekoratives Chrom, jedoch nicht für die Hartverchromung in Betracht, da größere Schichtdicken nicht erhalten werden. Kupfer, Messing, Nickel, Zink und Eisen können unmittelbar in glänzender Form verchromt werden. Die Chromüberzüge weisen Sprünge auf, die bei höheren Stromdichten breiter werden.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 582-585 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 585-587 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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