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  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1965-1969  (10)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
  • Heterocycles
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 12 (1973), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Intramolecular reactions ; Acylation ; Nitrile hydrogen halide adducts ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five-membered, six-membered, and seven-membered aza-, diaza-, and thiazaheterocycles can be prepared by cyclization of. ω-cyano carboxylic acid halides in the presence of hydrogen halides in aprotic solvents. Nitrile-hydrogen halide adducts occur as intermediates in this novel heterocycle synthesis of wide application. The acylating cyclizations of nitriles in protonic media, which proceed via imidic esters or amides, are not discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Conformation analysis ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This review deals with the following aspects of conformational analysis in saturated heterocyclic systems: 1. Conformational equilibria in 2-aryl and 2-ethynyl-1,3-dioxanes in various solvents. 2. The generalized anomeric effect in perhydro-1,3-diazines and its origin. 3. Unexpected conformational equilibria in 5-heterosubstituted 1,3-dioxanes. 4. Normal and anomalous solvent effects in conformational equilibria of 1,3-dioxanes with heteroatoms at C-5. Calculation of solvent effects. Correlation of ΔG0 as a function of solvent with solvatochromic transition energy ET (30); a new scale of “solvent polarity”. 5. Interplay of hydrogen bonding with dipolar, non-bonded and eclipsing interactions in 5-hydroxymethyl- 1,3-dioxanes. 6. Highly stereoselective H-D exchanges in anancomeric 1,3-dithianes. 7. Potential distortion of a cyclohexane or 1,3-dioxane ring by a tert-butyl substituent. Evidence from 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR investigations and from X-ray structure analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 11 (1972), S. 949-963 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Cyanic esters ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of cyanic esters with acylating agents and the reactions of the resulting N-acyliminocarbonic ester halides are surveyed, and syntheses of heterocycles with cyanic esters and their reaction products are then reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 10 (1971), S. 20-33 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Hetarynes ; Heterocycles ; Alkynes ; Arynes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During recent years, instead of concentrating on the detection of the intermediacy of new hetarynes, as they did between 1958 and 1964, workers in this field have been more concerned with the critical sifting and checking of the earlier work. Special interest has been shown in the relation between structure and reactivity in the hetarynes. It has been shown that in addition to the elimination-addition mechanism (EA; hetaryne intermediate), other reaction paths (anomalous addition-elimination mechanism [AEa] and “Reinecke mechanism”) are possible for nucleophilic cine-substitutions on hetaryl halides. The use of deuterated hetaryl halides has proved very valuable for the elucidation of the mechanism of nucleophilic substitutions. Even where substitution mechanisms are superimposed on one another the occurrence of a hetaryne intermediate can be detected by a technique known as the “base competition method”. A five-membered hetaryne (4,5-didehydro-1-methylimidazole) has been detected for the first time by this method with a probability that borders on certainty. Selectivity determinations have shown that the replacement of a CH group in 1,2-didehydrobenzene and in 1,2-didehydronaphthalene by an N atom distinctly increases the reactivity to bases. According to EHT (Extended Hückel Theory) calculations, the as yet hypothetical 2,3-didehydropyridine is richer in energy than 3,4-didehydropyridine, this agrees more closely with the experimental findings than the opposite result obtained from simple MO calculations. Besides cine-substitution (1,2 shift), tele-substitution (1,3-shift) has also been observed on reaction of hetaryl halides (pyridine, quinoline, and pyrimidine systems) with bases. An EA mechanism (via m-didehydrohetarenes) and an AEa mechanism are considered as alternatives for the tele-substitution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 10 (1971), S. 11-20 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Valence isomerization ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Valence isomerization and the phenomenologically related principle of valence tautomerism, as they apply to several nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems, are discussed herein. Attention is called first to 1H-azepines and the reluctance of such substances to isomerize to azanorcaradienes. The role of homo-1H-azepines in this context is then briefly outlined. Azocines (azacyclooctatetraenes) are seen to occupy an interesting position in the sense that pronounced shifts in the position of equilibrium (from almost entirely monocyclic to virtually completely bicyclic) occur with substitutional alterations of various types. The capability of azabullvalenes for degenerate valence isomerization is the next presented, and contrast is made with the properties of benzazabullvalenes and an azasemibullvalene derivative.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 478-482 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sesquifulvalenes ; Fulvalene ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterosesquifulvalenes containing sulfur or oxygen as hetero atom may be prepared, e.g., by condensation of cyclopentadienes with thiopyrones or pyrones in acetic anhydride. Heterosesquifulvalenes containing nitrogen can be obtained from the oxygen compounds by O,N-exchange. The ground state of all these compounds is determined mainly by the nonpolar resonance formula.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 962-974 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Aziridinium salts ; Azetidinium salts ; Cycloaddition ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and important reactions of stable aziridinium salts are described in this article. The more stable azetidinium salts, which undergo similar reactions, have also been studied. Polar and dipolar cycloadditions produce heterocycles by ring expansions that can be represented as .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sulfonyl hydrazones ; Amides ; Azo sulfones ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sulfonyl hydrazones of cyclic amides undergo oxidative coupling with phenols and reactive methylene components. The reaction proceeds via the azo sulfones, which may be used as such, and which, as ambident cations, enter into many reactions with nucleophiles and extend the scope of oxidative coupling. The reaction with phenols is a two-step process, in which the limiting cases k1 ≪ k2, k1 ≈ k2, and k1 ≫ k2 can be realized by slight variation of the reactants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 919-928 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heteroaromatic compounds ; Hydration ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many aromatic N-heterocycles add water across the C=N double bond. Methods are described for recognizing this phenomenon and for diagnosis of the site of attack. These methods are extended to the determination of (a) the ionization constants of unstable states (whether hydrated or anhydrous), (b) the ratio of hydrated to anhydrous forms at equilibrium, and (c) the rate constants of hydration. The features that stabilize hydration in a molecule are discussed. The literature through 1965 and 1966 is reviewed with special reference to the emergence of new principles, such as di-hydration and the shifting of hydration within a molecule.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ketones ; Sulfur ; Amines ; Heterocycles ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large number of preparatively interesting compounds have become readily available by the simultaneous action of sulfur and ammonia or amines on ketones. Direct syntheses of Δ3-thiazolines, Δ3-imidazoline-5-thiones, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,4-thiazines, and the 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiocane system from ketones, sulfur, and ammonia or amines, and further possibilities for the synthesis of these heterocyclic systems have been proposed. Other heterocycles containing N or N and S (thiazoles, thiophenes, thiazolidines, tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-c]-1,4-thiazines, thiomorpholines, 4-amino-2H-imidazoles, etc.) are readily obtainable by further reactions of these compounds. Hydrolysis of the Δ3-thiazolines yields α-mercapto ketones, which are the starting materials for other syntheses. Most of the syntheses described proceed at room temperature and at normal pressure.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Pyrimidines ; Quinazolines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some syntheses of heretofore unknown pyrimidines, tetrahydroquinazolines, and quinazolines are described. These methods are uniquely simple one- or two-step reactions, general and versatile in scope, and give high yields. Some interesting chemistry associated with these heterocyclic systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 760-776 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Silicon-nitrogen heterocycles ; Heterocycles ; Cyclosilazanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Great progress has recently been made in the chemistry of the silicon-nitrogen bondC. Eaborn: Organosilicon Compounds. Butterworths, London 1960, p. 339.R. Fessenden and J. S. Fessenden, Chem. Reviews 61, 361 (1961).K. A. Andrianov, I. Haiduc, and L. M. Khananashvili, Uspekhi Khim. 32, 563 (1963); Chem. Abstr. 59, 8782 (1963).U. Wannagat, Advances inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 6, 265 (1964).I. Haiduc: Westep do Chemii Nieorganicznych Zwiazkow Pierscieniowyrh. WPN, Warsaw 1964, Chap. 10 (in Polish).. Whereas attention was formerly concentrated on open-chain silazanes and silylamines, growing interest is now being shown in the cyclic SiN compounds. A major factor which has contributed to the rapid development in this field is the need for better polymers and liquids for use above 350 °CCf. E. G. Rochow, Chim. et Ind. 85, 897 (1961).. The present article deals with monomeric cyclic compounds containing at least one silicon-nitrogen bond in the ring, as well as the polycyclic compounds derived from these.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 543-557 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Hetarynes ; Heterocycles ; Alkynes ; Arynes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations carried out during the last six years have shown that, as in the case of benzene, an extra bond can be introduced into heteroaromatic rings. Since this possibility does not appear to be confined to exceptional cases, the heterocyclic arynes (hetarynes) promise a much wider variety than the carbocyclic arynes. Hetarynes occur mainly as intermediates in nucleophilic substitutions on halogenated heterocyclic compounds. Since the replacement of a CH group in dehydrobenzene by a nitrogen atom and the condensation of benzene rings have stabilizing effects, the stability of hetarynes is expected to increase with the number of N atoms and with the number of condensed aromatic rings.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 292-300 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyridazones ; Heterocycles ; Mucochloric acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new synthesis of mucochloric acid by chlorination of butynediol has facilitated the preparation of a series of 4,5-dichoropyridazones. The high reactivity of these compounds has been investigated and applied in several ways. New classes of compounds, some with biological activity, were obtained by displacement of the chlorine atoms. New heterocyclic systems were prepared by condensation and rearrangement reactions.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1023-1038 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of heterocycles containing phosphorus is described. The chemical behavior of ring systems containing trivalent phosphorus is mainly determined by their phosphine character; heterocyclic behavior in the ordinary sense is shown by rings containing functional groups. Syntheses and reactions of cyclic compounds of pentavalent and hexavalent phosphorus are particularly interesting.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 333-341 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Strained molecules ; Heterocycles ; Diaziridines ; Diazirines ; Oxaziranes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since their discovery five years ago, the diaziridines have become an extensive and easily accessible class of compounds. Hydrolysis of these compounds effects a simple synthesis of hydrazine, alkylhydrazines, and N,N′-dialkylhydrazines. They are also powerful oxidizing agents. The rigidity of the three-membered ring gives rise to a few stereoelectronic peculiarities. Investigations on the mechanism of formation of the three-membered rings led to a new synthesis of oxaziranes and to discovery of the isomeric oximes with a three-membered ring structure. The latter decompose readily to form diimide. Diazirines are cyclic isomers of the aliphatic diazo compounds and are surprisingly easy to obtain by dehydrogenation of suitable diaziridines; they are chemically much more stable than the linear isomers. Grignard reagents add onto the N=N double bond without destruction of the three-membered ring. Thermal decomposition yields carbenes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Dipolar cycloaddition ; Cycloaddition ; Heterocycles ; Reaction mechanisms ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Criteria for the mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions which lead to 5-membered rings are provided by the stereoselectivity observed with cis-trans isomeric dipolarophiles, by the effect of solvent and substituents on the rate constants, by the activation parameters, and by orientation phenomena. A concerted addition, which can also be described in terms of molecular orbitals and in which the two new σ-bonds are formed simultaneously, although not necessarily at equal rates, offers the best explanation of the experimental facts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 459-476 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aminoguanidine ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Due to its unique structure, aminoguanidine is capable of reacting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamidine. Addition and condensation reactions yield products which can be cyclized to heterocyclic compounds. Frequently, heterocyclics are directly accessible from aminoguanidine in one stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 565-598 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Dipolar cycloaddition ; Cycloaddition ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to the very large number of special methods applicable to syntheses in the heterocyclic series, relatively few general methods are available. The 1,3-dipolar addition offers a remarkably wide range of utility in the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Here the “1,3-dipole”, which can only be represented by zwitterionic octet resonance structures, combines in a cycloaddition with a multiple bond system - the “dipolarophile” - to form an uncharged five-membered ring. Although numerous individual examples of this reaction were known, some even back in the nineteenth century, fruitful development of this synthetic principle has been achieved only in recent years.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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