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  • Electronic Resource  (1,073)
  • 1995-1999  (1,073)
  • 1996  (1,073)
  • Engineering  (847)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (226)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190601
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Analysis of Abstract Linear Kinetic Equations (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 481-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we provide a theory of the asymptotic expansion for an abstract kinetic equation. We show that the modified Chapman-Enskog procedure, introduced in [19], gives the error of order of ε2, uniformly in time, on the second level of approximation and in particular that the zeroth moment of the solution (the spatial density of particles) can be approximated by the solution of the diffusion-type equation with the same accuracy. The theory is applied to several types of kinetic equations with the Fokker-Planck collision operator.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections between Size Functions and Critical Points (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 555-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A mathematical approach to the concept of shape of a submanifold M of a Euclidean space had previously been given by means of ‘measuring functions’ (e.g. diameter or volume) and of the derived ‘size functions’. This paper relates the study and the computation of any such size function to the structure of critical points of the associated measuring function.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Riesz-Clifford Functional Calculus for Non-Commuting Operators and Quantum Field Theory (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 593-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We present a Riesz-like hyperholomorphic functional calculus for a set of non-commuting operators based on Clifford analysis. Applications to the quantum field theory are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering Frequencies and a Class of Perturbed Systems of Elastic Waves (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 699-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the system of elastic waves in three dimensions under the presence of an impurity of the medium which we represent by a real-valued function q(x) (or q(x,t)). The medium is assumed to be isotropic and occupies the whole space Ω = ∝3. We study the location of the scattering frequencies associated with such phenomenon. We conclude that there is a large region on the complex plane which is free of scattering frequencies. In the remaining region they are discrete provided that q satisfies suitable assumptions concerning its behaviour at infinity.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Validity of Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equations (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 717-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider parabolic systems defined on cylindrical domains close to the threshold of instability, in which the Fourier modes with positive growth rates are concentrated at a non-zero critical wave number. In particular, we consider systems for which a so-called Ginzburg-Landau equation can be derived. Due to the presence of continuous spectrum, classical bifurcation theory is not available to describe bifurcating solutions. Thus, we consider a modified system with artificial spectral gap, which possesses an infinite-dimensional centre manifold. The amplitude equation on this manifold is called a generalized Ginzburg-Landau equation. From previous work [18] it is known that the Fourier modes are exponentially concentrated at integer multiples of the critical wave number. Hence, the error made by this modification is exponentially small in powers of the bifurcation parameter. The approximations obtained via the generalized Ginzburg-Landau equation are valid on a much longer time scale than those obtained by using the classical Ginzburg-Landau equation as an amplitude equation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact Solutions of Discrete Kinetic Models and Stationary Problems for the Plane Broadwell Model (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 825-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A review of exact solutions of discrete velocity models is given. Different methods of constructing the solutions are discussed. New methods are proposed for the stationary Broadwell model, and new class of solutions is obtained. Two-dimensional flows in channel are studied on the basis of exact solutions and analogy with the Carleman model. Explicit example of non-unique solution to a boundary value problem is given. Exact hydrodynamic equations are derived for the stationary Broadwell model. A role of the Navier-Stokes approximation is discussed in detail by comparison with these exact equations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between the Albedo and Scattering Operators for the Boltzmann Equation with Semi-transparent Boundary Conditions (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The albedo and scattering operators are central objects in the time-dependent transport theory. Their mutual relationship has recently been established by Arianfar and Emamirad for the case of transparent boundaries. In this paper, we extend the result to general boundary conditions. To allow for this extension, the scattering theory for a transport-like equation is generalized to include partially reflecting boundary conditions. The existence of the wave and scattering operators is directly inferred from the properties of the evolution operators that are determined, in turn, by the physics of collisions within and at the boundaries of the scattering domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monodromy Groups and Bilinear Monodromy Invariant Combinations of Generalized Hypergeometric Type Integrals (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 257-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The problem of determining bilinear combinations of holomorphic and antiholomorphic generalized hypergeometric type integrals left invariant under the action of the monodromy groups of the integrals is studied. In the special cases of simple Pochhammer type integrals and of twofold hypergeometric type integrals the existence and uniqueness of the bilinear invariants are proved, and the bilinear invariants are explicitly computed. Preparing the tools it is shown how to linearize and iterate representations of the braid group Bn as automorphism groups of certain free subgroups of the braid group Bn+1, and how the resulting iterated linear representations of the braid group in a natural way provide an algorithm to compute the monodromy group of generalized hypergeometric type integrals. Explicit formulae for different types of integration contours are given in the case of simple and twofold integrals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190402
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic Solutions of Non-linear Anisotropic Partial Differential Equations (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 363-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Periodic solutions of arbitrary period to semilinear partial differential equations of Zabusky or Boussinesq type are obtained. More generally, for a linear differential operator A(y,∂), the equation A(y,∂)u = (-1)∣γ∣∂γf(y,∂γu), y = (t,x)∊∝k×G is studied, where homogeneous boundary conditions on ∂G and periodicity conditions on t are imposed. The solutions are obtained by variational methods in anisotropic Sobolev spaces.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Analysis of a Semiconductor Model Based on Fermi-Dirac Statistics (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 401-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The quasi-hydrodynamic carrier transport equations for semiconductors extended to Fermi-Dirac statistics are considered. It is shown that in the high injection case, these equations reduce to a drift-diffusion model with non-linear diffusion terms. The limiting procedure is proved rigorously and error estimates are shown. We compute numerically static voltage-current characteristics of a forward biased pn-junction diode and compare the curves with the corresponding characteristics obtained from the standard drift-diffusion model based on Boltzmann statistics. It turns out that there exists a so-called threshold voltage at which the behaviour of the characteristic changes. Under high injection conditions, the dependence of the current on the bias appears to be approximately polynomial. The characteristics are studied analytically for a unipolar device.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Time of Stabilization in The One-dimensional Problem of Non-steady Filtration (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 529-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: No Abstract
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190701
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence and Uniqueness of a Solution to the Cauchy Problem for the Damped Boussinesq Equation (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 639-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the Cauchy problem for the damped Boussinesq equation governing long wave propagation in a viscous fluid of small depth. For the cases of one, two, and three space dimensions local in time existence and uniqueness of a solution is proved. We show that for discontinuous initial perturbations this solution is infinitely differentiable with respect to time t and space co-ordinates for t〉0 on a bounded time interval.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entropy Boundary Conditions in the Theory of Sedimentation of Ideal Suspensions (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 679-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We study a non-linear generalized initial-boundary value problem of a scalar conservation law which models the sedimentation of an ideal suspension.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190901
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trend to Equilibrium for the Coagulation-Fragmentation Equation (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 761-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: For a linear coagulation kernel and a constant fragmentation kernel we prove the existence of equilibrium solutions and examine asymptotic properties for time-dependent solutions which are proved to converge to the equilibria. The rate of the convergence is estimated. It is shown also that all time-dependent solutions with the same density can tend to only one particular steady-state solution. In this sense the equilibrium solution is proved to be unique. Existence, uniqueness and mass conservation of time-dependent solutions has been proved in a previous paper by the authors [10].
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Stability in an Epidemic System (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 847-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Using the invariance principle in a Banach space with less restriction, we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of an integro-differential equation with infinite delay which is an infection disease model. It is proved that the equilibria are globally asymptotic stable if the parameters fit some relation and the integral kern satisfies a convergence condition.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-internal Stabilization for a Non-linear Bernoulli-Euler Equation (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 897-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider a non-linear plate equation of Bernoulli-Euler type with a locally distributed damping term. Our main result asserts that if the damping is effective in a neighbourhood of the boundary then the energy decays exponentially. The method we use is a combination of multiplier techniques and of a compactness-uniqueness argument.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Child-Langmuir Asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson Equation for Cylindrically or Spherically Symmetric Diodes Part 1: Statement of the Problem and Basic Estimates (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 287-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The Child-Langmuir asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson system provides a model for vacuum diodes which operate under large biases. In these conditions the energy of the injected particles at the cathode is very small compared with the applied external bias. From the mathematical view point, this leads to an interesting and non-standard asymptotic problem for the Vlasov-Poisson equation, which has already been investigated in the one-dimensional Cartesian case, in [7]. The purpose of this paper is to extend the analysis to the cylindrically or spherically symmetric case. Surprisingly, the behaviour of the solutions of the model is somehow different than in the Cartesian case. This feature had not been noticed by the physicists before. Furthermore, the mathematical analysis is much more involved than in [7] because of the geometrical effects, and the techniques that are used are quite different. They mainly rely on the use of supersolutions in the spirit of [18, 19]. This work is divided in two parts. In this first part, we state the problem and establish the basic estimates which are needed for the asymptotic analysis.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Behaviour of the Interface of Some non-linear Diffusion Problems (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper an asymptotic result concerning the interface for some problems connected with radially symmetric non-linear diffusion is presented.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190501
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volterra Integral Equation Models for Semiconductor Devices (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 425-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Van Roosbroeck's bipolar drift diffusion equations cover the qualitative behaviour of many semiconductor devices. The complexity of the model equations however prevents efficient implementations needed in circuit simulations. Under close-to-thermal-equilibrium biasing conditions (zero space charge assumption, low injection limit) the van Roosbroeck system can be replaced by a system of coupled non-linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Involving only the macroscopic quantities current, applied voltage and serial resistance this Volterra system can be handled with comparably little effort. Volterra integral equations models are formulated for a large class of semiconductor devices with abrupt pn-junctions. The model equations are made explicit for diodes, transistors and thyristors. A survey on various results concerning Volterra models describing the switching behaviour of pn-diodes is given. The integral equation model allows to recover all relevant properties of the voltage-current characteristics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Time Blow-up for a Non-linear Parabolic Equation with a Gradient Term and Applications (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 1317-1333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We give new finite time blow-up results for the non-linear parabolic equations ut-Δu = up and ut-Δu+μ∣∇u∣q = up. We first establish an a priori bound in Lp+1 for the positive non-decreasing global solutions. As a consequence, we prove in particular that for the second equation on ∝N, with q = 2p/(p+1) and small μ〉0, blow-up can occur for any N≥1, p〉1, (N-2)p〈N+2 and without energy restriction on the initial data. Incidentally, we present a simple model in population dynamics involving this equation.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Variational Problem Related to Self-trapping of an Electromagnetic Field (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 1397-1407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay Estimates for Solutions of Linear Elasticity for Anisotropic Media (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 15-31 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We analyse the time decay of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the linear hyperbolic system of elasticity for anisotropic media. As an example, we will consider media with hexagonal symmetry. First we derive decay estimates for special initial data using the method of stationary phase in several variables and degenerate phase function based on the Malgrange preparation theorem. Asymptotic expansions are given to prove the sharpness of the weaker time decay found for zinc and beryl than in the isotropic case. A method using Besov spaces leads to Lp-Lq-estimates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graded Mesh Refinement and Error Estimates for Finite Element Solutions of Elliptic Boundary Value Problems in Non-smooth Domains (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 63-85 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the effective numerical treatment of elliptic boundary value problems when the solutions contain singularities. The paper deals first with the theory of problems of this type in the context of weighted Sobolev spaces and covers problems in domains with conical vertices and non-intersecting edges, as well as polyhedral domains with Lipschitz boundaries. Finite element schemes on graded meshes for second-order problems in polygonal/polyhedral domains are then proposed for problems with the above singularities. These schemes exhibit optimal convergence rates with decreasing mesh size. Finally, we describe numerical experiments which demonstrate the efficiency of our technique in terms of ‘actual’ errors for specific (finite) mesh sizes in addition to the asymptotic rates of convergence.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approach to Equilibrium for the Coagulation-Fragmentation Equation via a Lyapunov Functional (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 171-185 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: It is shown that the non-linear coagulation-fragmentation equation with constant kernels has a unique equilibrium solution. This equilibrium solution is given explicitly in terms of the initial data and the kernels. Weak L1 convergence of time-dependent solutions to the unique equilibrium is demonstrated via an invariance principle employing a suitable lower semicontinuous Lyapunov functional.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional Oscillations for Non-linear Hyperbolic Mixed Problem: The Justified Non-linear Geometric Optics Method (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The mixed-Neumann problem for the non-linear wave equation □u-a(u)(∣∂tu)∣2-∣∇u∣2 = fε(z) is studied. The function fε(z) = ∑k∊Kfk(z,ε-1φk(z),ε), ε∊[0,1], K is finite, fk(z,θk,ε) are 2π-periodic with respect to θk. The existence of solution uε on a domain z = (t,x,y)∊[0,T]×∝+×∝d, d = 1 or 2, is proved when ε is sufficiently small; T does not depend on ε. By the non-linear geometric optics method the asymptotic (with respect to ε→0) solution ũ ε is constructed. The estimation for the rest ε2rε = uε-ũε is derived and the limit rε, ε→0, is studied.
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190301
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    The Child-Langmuir Asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson Equation for Cylindrically or Spherically Symmetric Diodes Part 2: Analysis of the Reduced Problem and Determination of the Child-Langmuir Current (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 313-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper analyses the Child-Langmuir asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson problem in cylindrical or spherical symmetry. The problem was stated in the first part of this paper [2]. We recall that the Child-Langmuir asymptotics concerns the boundary value problem for the Vlasov-Poisson system in the situation where the thermal energy of the injected particles at the boundary is small compared with the external applied bias.In the first part, we derived the set of estimates which allow us to pass to the limit in the asymptotic problem. In the present part, we analyse the limit (or ‘reduced’) problem, which leads us to a characterization of the limit or ‘Child-Langmuir’ current which flows through the system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Lyapunov Stability of a Class of Operator Integro-differential Equations with Applications to Viscoelasticity (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 341-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The Lyapunov stability is analysed for a class of integro-differential equations with unbounded operator coefficients. These equations arise in the study of non-conservative stability problems for viscoelastic thin-walled elements of structures. Some sufficient stability conditions are derived by using the direct Lyapunov method. These conditions are formulated for arbitrary kernels of the Volterra integral operator in terms of norms of the operator coefficients. Employing these conditions the supersonic flutter of a viscoelastic panel is studied and explicit expressions for the critical gas velocity are derived. Dependence of the critical flow velocity on the material characteristics and compressive load is analysed numerically.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Chemical Reactor Dynamics: Stability of Steady States (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 381-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The equations describing the dynamics and steady states of a tubular reactor are studied in the region where an arbitrary number of steady-state solutions exist. The stability of these solutions is examined and their persistence for increases in the parameter values is determined. The physical implications of these solutions are examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Heteroclinic Solutions for a System of Strongly Coupled ODEs (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We use the implicit function theorem to prove an existence of a heteroclinic orbit to a system of two non-linear second-order ODEs. The perturbation is carried out around infinite value of a ‘coupling parameter’. The form of the system which is considered in this paper is related to the system defining travelling wave solutions in a two temperature model of the laser sustained plasma.
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    Sufficient Conditions for Converging Drift-Diffusion Discrete Systems. Application to The Finite Element Method (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 33-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we generalize the abstract results of Mock and Marcowich [13, 12] for convergence of discrete Van Roosbroeck systems [12, 13, 17], to the case when the solutions are typically in W1,4-ε and not in H2. These conditions are verified on finite element discretizations. Error estimates are derived when the solution is unique. Due to the singularity at the flat angles, these estimates in the H1 norm are only O(h1/2). The techniques that are presented are broad and may be applied to other type of discretizations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190101
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  • 39
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670190201
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  • 40
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    Structural Stability for the Brinkman Equations of Porous Media (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 1335-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Explicit a priori continuous dependence estimates are derived for the Brinkman equations for non-isothermal flow in porous media. Continuous dependence on the cooling coefficient is shown when a boundary condition of Newton cooling type is employed. Continuous dependence on the model itself is proved when the Boussinesq model is allowed to change to one appropriate to penetrative convection. The final result derives an a priori continuous dependence estimate for the heat supply and body force.
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    An Introduction to The Lie-Santilli Isotopic Theory (1996)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 19 (1996), S. 1349-1395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Lie's theory in its current formulation is linear, local and canonical. As such, it is not applicable to a growing number of non-linear, non-local and non-canonical systems which have recently emerged in particle physics, superconductivity, astrophysics and other fields. In this paper, which is written by a physicist for mathematicians, we review and develop a generalization of Lie's theory proposed by the Italian-American physicist R. M. Santilli back in 1978 when at the Department of Mathematics of Harvard University and today called Lie-Santilli isotheory. The latter theory is based on the so-called isotopies which are non-linear, non-local and non-canonical maps of any given linear, local and canonical theory capable of reconstructing linearity, locality and canonicity in certain generalized spaces and fields. The emerging Lie-Santilli isotheory is remarkable because it preserves the abstract axioms of Lie's theory while being applicable to non-linear, non-local and non-canonical systems. After reviewing the foundations of the Lie-Santilli isoalgebras and isogroups, and introducing seemingly novel advances in their interconnections, we show that the Lie-Santilli isotheory provides the invariance of all infinitely possible (well-behaved), non-linear, non-local and non-canonical deformations of conventional Euclidean, Minkowskian or Riemannian invariants. We also show that the non-linear, non-local and non-canonical symmetry transformations of deformed invariants are easily computable from the linear, local and canonical symmetry transforms of the original invariants and the given deformation. We then briefly indicate a number of applications of the isotheory in various fields. Numerous rather fundamental and intriguing, open mathematical and physical problems are indicated during the course of our analysis.
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  • 42
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    An efficient Riemann solver for open channel flows (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: open channel flows ; Riemann solver ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient numerical method is developed for the one-dimensional open channel flow equations. The scheme is a modification of one presented recently, but with an improvement in the efficiency made through the use of the arithmetic mean as an average of flow variables across the interface between adjacent states. Numerical results are shown for two problems, and an indication of the efficiency gained is given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    An explicit sparse unsymmetric finite element solver (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element systems ; elliptic partial differential equations ; approximate LU factorization ; explicit matrix inversion ; preconditioning ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new class of explicit generalized approximate inverse finite element matrix algorithmic methods, based on the concept of LU-sparse factorization procedures, without inverting the decomposition factors, has recently been introduced. The large sparse unsymmetric coefficient matrix of irregular structure is factorized approximately and, in conjunction with approximate inverse matrix techniques, yields explicit preconditioned methods for the finite element (FE) and finite difference (FD) method. The numerical implementation of these algorithms is presented and Fortran subroutines for the efficient solution of the sparse unsymmetric linear systems are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 147-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640120202
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  • 45
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    Annoucement (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640120203
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    An asymptotic formula for correcting finite element predicted natural frequencies of membrane vibration problems (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: asymptotic solution ; natural frequencies ; membrane vibrations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper an asymptotic formula has been developed to correct the discretization error for the finite element predicted natural frequencies of membrane transverse vibration problems. The general idea behind deriving this asymptotic formula is that, when the finite element size approaches zero, a discretized finite element system approaches a continuous system and the predicted natural frequencies of the system from the finite element analysis therefore approach the exact solutions of the system. Without losing generality, several different finite element mesh patterns have been considered and the same asymptotic formula for correcting the finite element predicted natural frequency has been obtained for all the different mesh patterns because of the uniqueness of the exact solution to the natural frequency of a real structure. The usefulness, effectiveness and efficiency of the present asymptotic formula have been assessed by a simple but critical problem, for which the exact solution is available for comparison. In order to investigate the applicability of the asymptotic formula to practical engineering problems, two challenging membrane vibration problems of irregular shapes, an L-shape and a tapered shape with a circular hole in the centre, have also been analysed. The related numerical results have demonstrated that the asymptotic formula provides a very useful post-processing error corrector for the finite element predicted natural frequencies of membrane transverse vibration problems, even though the problem domains are of irregular shape. The greatest advantage in using the present asymptotic formula is that it yields a solution of higher accuracy, by simply using the formula to correct the rough solution obtained from a much coarser finite element mesh with fewer degrees of freedom, without any further finite element calculation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 47
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    TENSOR-AIDED GEARBOX MODELLING (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper develops an electrical analogue for a gearbox suitable for use in the time-domain modelling of many electromechanical systems, with tensor methods being used to define the changing conditions in the gearbox brought about by backlash. Unlike most existing models it is compatible with the time-varying and discontinuous models often used to describe the electrical items of a typical system, and it allows for the effects of these items of mechanical non-linearities and discontinuities such as friction and backlash.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 48
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    DISCRETE SIMULATION OF UNIFORM TRANSMISSION LINES BY MULTIDIMENSIONAL DIGITAL FILTERS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 271-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently, a new method has been presented for the discrete simulation of multidimensional systems, which are described by linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients. It is based on methods customary in linear systems theory and digital signal processing and uses a frequency-domain representation of the continuous system to be simulated. A proper choice of functional transformations for each independent variable allows us to treat the influence of initial conditions, boundary conditions and excitation functions separately by suitable transfer functions. From these, corresponding discrete transfer functions and the structure of a discrete system for the simulation of the continuous problem are derived. The application of this method to wave propagation problems on uniform transmission lines is presented here. At first, the continuous problem is characterized by transfer functions; then the derivation of a discrete system is shown, and finally, some simulation results and a comparison with other methods are given.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Forthcoming papers (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 325-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660090402
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  • 50
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    OPTIMIZATION ISSUES IN FINITE ELEMENT CODES FOR SOLVING OPEN DOMAIN 3D ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AND CONFORMAL ANTENNA PROBLEMS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first part of the paper presents the implementation and performance of a new absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for truncating finite element meshes. This ABC can be applied conformally to the surface of the structure for scattering and antenna radiation calculations. Consequently, the computational domain is reduced dramatically, thus allowing the simulation of much larger structures, and results are presented for three-dimensional bodies. The latter part of the paper discusses optimization issues relating to the solver's CPU speed on parallel and vector processors. It is shown that a jagged diagonal storage scheme leads to a four-fold increase in the FLOP rate of the code, and a standard matrix profile reduction algorithm substantially reduces the inter-processor communication.
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  • 51
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660090501
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  • 52
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    A COMBINED FINE-COARSE MESH METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION LINE MODELLING OF DIFFUSION (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 405-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An improved combined fine-coarse mesh (CFCM) method for two transmission line models of diffusion is described. The method allows regular cells of different sizes to be connected and solved simultaneously. The CFCM method is applied to (a) a finite difference algorithm, (b) a conventional transmission line model and (c) a lossy transmission line model. The latter model is shown to be the most accurate. The proposed CFCM method is also compared with the graded mesh and the multigrid techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    DISCRETE MODELS OF HEAT FLOW IN LAYERED MATERIALS USING SIMPLE AND CORRELATED RANDOM WALKS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 445-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper reviews some discrete probabilistic numerical techniques with particular emphasis on heat flow in inhomogeneous materials. The effects of different nodal configurations on the development of suitable algorithms are outlined and we suggest a new and consistent description for the discrete apparent effusivity. Our approach is then discussed in the context of TLM, and analogues are presented for flux relaxation time and effusivity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    LETTER TO THE EDITOR. A GENERAL EXPRESSION OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN TLM DIFFUSION MODELLING (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 459-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We show that the general boundary condition D∂Φ/∂x + αΦ = 0 (D is the diffusion coefficient and α is a constant) in TLM diffusion modelling can be expressed accurately in terms of a voltage reflection coefficient ρ = (Δx - αΔt)/(Δx + αΔt), where Δx is the spatial resolution and Δt is the time step. Based on this general expression, the special cases of short-circuit (ρ = -1), open-circuit (ρ = 1) and matched-load (ρ = 0) boundaries can be described succinctly by α → ∞, α → 0 and α = Δx/Δt, respectively. This formulation allows for straightforward treatment of mixed boundary conditions found, for example, in diffusion-drift systems.
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    Synthesis, inverse problems and optimization in computational electromagnetics (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper gives an overview on mathematical optimization techniques specially suited to problems in electromagnetism. It is described how efficient optimization procedures consist of decision making, treatment of non-linear constraints, and an algorithm for minimizing the objective function. The optimization of a rectangular waveguide branching, a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the iron cross-section of a superconducting magnet are given as examples. Optimization routines are used for the tracing of manufacturing errors in the production of superconducting coils. Finally the application of a genetic algorithm to a dipole coil design is discussed as an example for field synthesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Computation of 3-D electromagnetic field using differential forms based elements and dual formulations (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 81-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The vector and scalar variables describing electromagnetic fields with different requirements of continuity can be identified to four different degrees of differential forms. The association of differential forms with finite elements leads to a set of differential forms based elements (Whitney elements); they are naturally adapted to the discretization of different vector and scalar variables. With the help of a Tonti diagram, Maxwell equations can be classified by two dual sequences together with the constitutive laws of materials. The application of Whitney elements to the two dual sequences leads to two dual approximation schemes. As an example, two dual formulations for eddy current computation using potential variables and the hybrid finite element - boundary element method are derived, where Whitney 3-D and 2-D elements are employed. A numerical application is given at the end of the paper, where the dual features of the two formulations are reported.
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    Finite element iterative solution of skin effect problems in open boundaries (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 125-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper proposes an iterative procedure, called current iteration, for the finite element solution of two-dimensional steady-state skin effect problems in open boundaries. In the procedure a fictitious boundary is introduced enclosing all the conductors. On it, the magnetic vector potential is first guessed and then iteratively updated according to the current density computed in the conductors. Conditions are obtained implying convergence to the exact solution of the unbounded problem whatever the initial guess. The choice of the fictitious boundary and the selection of the relaxation parameter in such a way that computational efficiency is obtained are discussed. The greatest advantage of the procedure is its ease of implementation in a pre-existing finite element code for bounded problems. An axisymmetric version of the procedure is also described since implementation only involves minor changes as compared with the 2-D one. Examples are provided in order to clarify and validate the procedure and compare it with other techniques.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    Neuromagnetic field computation using the multiple multipole method (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the interpretation of human neuromagnetic data it is necessary to compute the magnetic field of a source (e.g. a dipole) in a volume conductor (e.g. a homogeneous conducting sphere or a homogeneous head model). The Multiple Multipole (MMP) method, which is a semianalytical field calculation method, is applied to neuromagnetic field calculation for the first time. The unique feature of the MMP method is that multipole expansions are used for the description of the electromagnetic field. First a validation of the MMP method is done with the help of a spherical model and an analytical solution. Then the MMP method is applied to a realistically shaped one compartment head model. The results are compared to results obtained with the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The results suggest that it is possible to solve the neuromagnetic forward problem faster with the help of the MMP method than with the conventional numerical field calculation methods for realistic shaped volume conductor models. Further investigations are necessary to tackle the inverse problem of biomagnetism with the MMP method.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    A METHOD FOR INCORPORATING CHARGED PARTICLE MOTION WITHIN A 2-D TLM FIELD CODE (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 201-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Charged particle motion is incorporated within a transmission line modelling (TLM) field code to establish a new model which allows the investigation of field-particle interactions. The model is validated by using it to predict the trajectory of moving particles and the field and potential distributions inside a planar diode for which analytical solutions are available. The effect of space charge on the operation of the diode is also investigated. The model is then applied to study in detail a practical electron gun design.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by Micellar liquid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid chromatography ; Alcohols ; Micelles ; Enviromental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a hybrid micellar mobile phase is described. The detection of PAHs was carried out using the fluorescence method with programmable excitation and emission wavelength. The method is applied to the analysis of several environmental samples (sea water, sediments, limpets, sea worms) and several of these compounds are quantitated at concentration below 70 ng L-1(kg-1) in the original samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190210
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  • 61
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    Separation of twenty-one naphthalene sulfonates by means of capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Micellear electrokinetic chromatography ; Organic modifiers ; Naphthalene sulfonates ; Surface water ; Thermostatting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The production and use of naphthalene sulfonates can easily cause pollution of surface and other types of waters. In the present study, capillary electrophoresis in combination with UV absorption detection was used to separate 21 amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalene sulfonates which included multiple isomeric compounds. The influence of various parameters such as pH (which turned out to be extremely important), temperature of the surrounding air flow, and the use of buffer additives (micelles, cyclodextrins, organic modifiers) was studied. Complete separation of all analytes including the isomers, was achieved in two runs with a 50 mM boric acid/borate buffer, containing either 100 mM sodium dodecylsulfonate or 15% acetonitrile. The limits of detection obtained for the individual compounds typically were 20μgI-1. River water samples spiked at this concentration level could be analysed using a simple three-step sample clean-up procedure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190208
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  • 62
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    Studies on cryogenic trapping of solutes during chromatographic elution in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; Capillary ; Focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cryogenic trapping of solutes leads to narrowing of the chromatographic band. By placing the trap at the end of a capillary column, it is possible to study the effectiveness of the trap in terms of producing a sharpened elution profile. The trap may be heated by supplementary heating, but here convective heating from the GC oven is employed simply by turning off the cryogenic coolant. It is estimated that it takes about 50 s for the trap to heat up sufficiently to allow trapped solute to be remobilized, although this depends upon the oven temperature and thermal mass of the trap. It can also be shown that the more volatile solutes mobilize faster from the trap in this particular mode of operation. The recovery of trapped components shows that there is essentially quantitative trapping, and the solutes are trapped just at the leading edge of the trap.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190708
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  • 63
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    Capillary electrophoresis determination of six bioactive constituents in San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Rhei Rhizoma ; Scutellariae Radix ; Coptidis Rhizoma ; Bioactive constituents determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method for simultaneous determination of six bioactive ingredients (berberine, palmatine, baicalin, sennoside B, emodin, and sennoside A) in the Chinse herbal formula San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang was established. A carrier composed of aqueous buffer solution (50 mM sodium cholate, 15 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 4.25 mM sodium borate)-acetonitrile (3:2) was found to be the most suitable electrolyte for this separation. Contents of these constituents in a non-pretreated methanol-water extract of San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang sample could be easily determined within 20 min. The effects of borate, cholate, and organic modifier (acetonitrile) concentration of the carrier on the migration behavior of the solutes were also studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190709
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 418-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190712
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  • 65
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    Shifting of gas chromatographic retention times due to solvent effects  -  a study using sulfur chemiluminescence detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Retention indices ; Retention times ; Solvent effect ; Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection (SCD) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatrography (GC) with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) is an outstanding combination for selectively determining trace concentrations of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon samples. GC peaks can be identified by retention times when reproducible, automated injection techniques are used. However, as described in this work, analysts should be on the look out for retention shifting due to solvent effects from sample components. Three examples of retention shifting are presented: (1) thiophene by benzene; (2) methylthiophenes by toluene; and (3) dibenzothiophene by gas oil. Depending on samples and analysis conditions, retention shifts from a few hundredths to 1.5 min have been observed. Such retention shifts are likely to cause errors in peak identifications. Therefore, when using SCD, simultaneous FID monitoring is recommended as an aid in evaluating chromatograms for possible retention shifting due to solvent effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190903
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    Analysis of naturally occurring α-acetotriacylglycerides by gas chromatography  -  chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: α-Monoacetotriacylglycerides ; Celastraceae ; Fatty acids ; GLC ; GLC-(NCI)MS ; Maytenus seed oils ; OV-225-OH, OH-terminated ; SOP-50, methoxy-terminated ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seed oils of three Maytenus species have been examined by high temperature GLC using SOP-50 (methoxy-terminated) and OV-225-OH (OH-terminated) glasscapillary columns. The main compounds (71-76%) could be identified as α-mono-acetotriacylglycerols by a combination of high temperature GLC-MS in negative chemical ionization mode with a CH4/N2O mixture as reactant gas and other spectroscopical methods (infrared, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). The OV-225-OH phase demonstrated better separation properties that the SOP-50 phase for this substance class and up to eight species of α-monoacetotriacylglycerols could be separated. The content of usual triacyclglycerols was below 1%. The results of the analysis of the individual fatty acids as their methyl esters by GC and GC-MS are also presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190905
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    Behavior of whey proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LSS model ; Whey proteins ; HIC of proteins ; Circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190910
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    Use of liquid chromatography packings in high pressure gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High pressure gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190911
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191201
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  • 70
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    Enantiomeric separation of acidic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using a combination of charged and uncharged β-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Enantiomeric separations ; Acidic compounds ; Neutral β-cyclodextrins ; Sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution could be achieved for the enantiomers of acidic drugs, namely, sulindac, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, warfarin, and hexobarbital, in a buffer of pH 3 by the simultaneous addition of uncharged and charged β-cyclodextrin derivatives. The interaction of the analytes with the anionic sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin provides the analytes with an adequate electrophoretic mobility whereas the interaction with various neutral β-cyclodextrins generates high enantioselectivity. Five neutral cyclodextrins, the native β-cyclodextrin, as well as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, were tested to enhance the enantioselectivity of the electrophoretic system. High resolution values and the shortest analysis times for the five drugs tested were achieved in a buffer made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3 with triethanolamine and containing dimethyl- or trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in addition to sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191203
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    Complete PCB congener distributions for 17 aroclor mixtures determined by 3 HRGC systems optimized for comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 657-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorobiphenyl congeners ; Aroclors ; DB-XLB phase ; HP-5/HT-5 serial coupled phases ; GC-ECD ; GC-MS-SIM ; GC-Ion Trap MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three HRGC systems (1: 30m DB-XLB capillary with MS-SIM detection; 2: 60m DB-XLB capillary with full-scan, ion-trap MS detection; and 3: Parallel dual-column DB-17 and series-coupled HP5/HT5 with ECD detection) were used to completely characterize multiple lots of 8 different-numbered Aroclor mixtures by quantitative calibration against 9 solutions containing primary standards of all 209 PCB congeners. Despite lower absolute sensitivity and more Aroclor congener coelutions than the dual-column ECD system, the MS systems enabled measurement of more congeners per Aroclor since their greater linear response range did not require dilution of samples and standards. Pairs of different lots of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 displayed markedly different proportions of congeners, and the 1254 pair displayed strong differences in the extent of ortho-chlorine substitution. The tables of congener weight percent distributions among Aroclors are more comprehensive and quantitatively precise than those of prior publications. However, the limitations of single-level calibration precluded measurement of all congeners to the ±10% accuracy desirable for establishing these Aroclors as secondary standards for comprehensive, quantitative congener-specific PCB analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191202
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    High performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Electrospray ionization ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron ; Resonance ; Biomolecule analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the current state of the on-line combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS), and discuss aspects of the FTICR technique relevant to its use as a detection scheme for on-line separations. Aspects including sensitivity, mass resolution, duty cycle, and tandem mass spectrometric capabilities are discussed in the context of online separations with examples from the authors' laboratory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191105
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    Contribution of HPLC to the study of the defense mechanisms acting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) roots on infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC of phenols ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; Carnation vascular wilt ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi ; Root phenolic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191213
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    Isomeric composition of the ester fraction from epicuticular waxes of Festuca arundinacea Schreb (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Wax esters ; Festuca arundinacea ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ester portion of epicuticular waxes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is composed of mixtures of homologous series of fatty acids esterfied with fatty alcohols. GC analyses of natural esters gave rise to the separation of several compounds of different chain length. To identify and quantify individual components in the mixture, GC/MS analyses were carried out, and the mass spectra of each peak were recorded and analyzed for characteristic ions. This approach permitted a comparison with data obtained from classical methods using GC analysis of acid and alcohol moieties obtained by hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190108
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    Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Optimization of GC conditions ; Sugar analysis ; Acid analysis ; Chlorogenic acid ; Raffinose ; Pectin decomposition products ; Galacturonic acid ; Arabinose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and rffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190110
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190114
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190101
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    Capillary gas chromatographic evaluation of trans-fatty acid content of food produced under the traditional conditions of semi-industrial frying (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: trans-Fatty acids ; Semi-industrial frying ; Capillary GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190313
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    Determination of chelating agents in Hanford tank waste simulant by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chelating agents ; Complexation ; Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method has been developed which achieves rapid quantitative separation and determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid in Hanford tank waste simulant (TWS). Direct UV detection of Cu2+/chelator complexes is used to achieve enhanced sensitivity. The qualitative and quantitative reliability of the method and the quality of separations, as given by efficiency and resolution, is presented. In addition, the limits of detection and linearity of detector response with concentration are given for each chelator. The selection of Cu as the UV-absorbing species over other transition metals present in the waste is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190402
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    Dimethylbenzothiophenes and methyldibenzothiophenes in crude oils from different sourcesPolycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles, V. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles ; Crude oil ; Oil maturity ; Fingerprinting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented for the identification and quantification of C2-substituted benzothiophenes in crude oil. The method will enable analysis of the pattern of these compounds, for example as a basis for differentiating crude oils from one another (fingerprinting) and for investigation of their suitability as indicators of oil maturity. Here results are reported for five crudes from Iraq, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the former Soviet Union, and the North Sea. The aromatic fraction of the crudes was oxidized and the dioxides of the heterocycles separated according to the number of carbon atoms in the side chains. The final separation was by capillary GC with atomic emission or flame ionization detection. A fluorinated analog was synthesized and used as internal standard. The concentrations of 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,7-, and 3,7-dimethylbenzothiophene ranged between 11 and 272 ppm. Three other dimethylated benzothiophenes present in lower amounts were also identified.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190109
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    Development and evaluation of an interface for coupled capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Application to thermally unstable and high molecular mass compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ; Mass Spectrometry ; SFC-MS ; On-line combination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interface for coupling supercritical fluid chromatography to a magnetic sector mass spectrometer was developed and evaluated. The interface is based on direct introduction of the mobile phase, carbon dioxide, into the ion-source of the mass spectrometer. The SFC-MS system was optimized with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. Under optimized conditions, the estimated detection limit for n-pentadecane is approximately 30 ppm. Spectra obtained in the electron-impact ionization mode show a very good similarity with library spectra. The performance of the SFC-MS system was evaluated by the analysis of a number of test mixtures. A sample containing several low molecular mass, thermally unstable compounds, which could neither be analyzed by GC-MS nor by LC-MS, was analyzed. Also for the analysis of high molecular mass compounds, the coupled system showed a good performance.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190103
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    A water trap for static cryo-headspace gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The headspace gas in static headspace gas chromatography contains mostly saturated water vapor. In the case of the cryofocusing enrichment technique this may cause baseline distortion in the early part of the chromatogram or may even lead to ice-plugging of the capillary column. A water-trap is described in which the water vapor is removed from the headspace gas before entering the cryo-trap. The water trap is packed with lithium chloride on a porous support and is regenerated after each analysis by heating under backflush conditions. It therefore can be used for automatic operation. Data are given for the precision and accuracy, and some practical examples, for environmental and flavor analysis are shown.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190107
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  • 83
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    Retention of alcohols in steam chromatography using CaCl2—H2O salt as stationary phase (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Steam chromatography ; Salt-water stationary phases ; Retention of alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190111
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  • 84
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    Residues of chlorinated pesticides in eggs of the gray heron (Ardea cinerea L.): Contribution of capillary gas chromatography ion-trap mass detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry ; Pesticide residue analysis ; Eggs ; Ardea cinera ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190112
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  • 85
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 65-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190113
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  • 86
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190202
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  • 87
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    Identification of pesticide residues in real matrices by combining retention indices and specific multidetection responses (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Specific detectors ; ECD/FPD response ratios ; Retention indices ; Identification on real samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previous paper reported the possibility of using the ratio between the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound (detector response ratio, DRR) as an identification criterion for that compound, in combination with its retention index.This article gives some applications of DRR in the identification of some pesticides in four different fruits (apples, apricots, strawberries, and peaches) in a range varying from 0.02 to 1.3 ppm, by means of their ECD/FPD DRRs. After clean-up GC analyses were performed on a single column with dual parallel detection; a personal computer system was used for data analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190204
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  • 88
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    Thermal treatment for immobilization of chiral polysiloxanes in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chiral selector anchored to polysiloxane ; Chiral phase capillary GC ; Immobilization ; Thermal treatment ; High enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chiral selector L-t-leucine-t-butylamide has been anchored to a polysiloxane by nucleophilic displacement of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester-functionalized block polysiloxanes with L-t-leucine-t-butylamide. Attempts were made to immobilize the chiral polysiloxanes inside the capillaries by thermal treatment at 300°C for 30-90 min. The polysiloxanes were found to be more resistant than Chirasil-Val to the racemization caused by such high temperature treatment. Capillary columns coated with this type of immobilized polysiloxane have shown very high enantioselectivity and thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190206
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 284-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190509
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  • 90
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    A four factor simplex optimization of a serially coupled open tublar columns gas chromatographic system (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coupled columns ; Four factor optimization ; Simplex method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimization of a gas chromatographic system with two capillary columns coupled in series in a single oven for the linear temperature programmed separation of a mixture of C1—C10 hydrocarbons has been carried out using the simplex optimization method. The following four selectivity parameters were optimized: the initial temperature of the oven; the initial hold time; the temperature programmed rate; and the pressure at the mid-point of the system. The optimization procedure was monitored by the Cp criterion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190508
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  • 91
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    Membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (mPC-CE-MS) analysis of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) metabolites (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry ; Membrane preconcentration ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Sulfonated membrane ; Polar drug metabolites ; Toxic oil syndrome ; Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ; 3-Phenylamino-1,2-propanediol ; 3-Phenylamino-L-alanine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190511
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  • 92
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. VII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190514
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  • 93
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    Comparative headspace analysis of fresh red coffee berries from different cultivated varieties of coffee trees (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 298-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Dynamic head space ; Coffee berry ; Identification ; Hypothenemus hampei ; Plant-insect relationship ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190513
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  • 94
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    The advantage of dual-column approach and retention indices combined with refined reporting in gas chromatographic drug screening (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Drug screening ; Retention index ; Reporting ; Mean list length ; Blood analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dual-column gas chromatographic retention index method was evaluated for the toxicological screening for basic drugs in autopsy blood samples. The dual-column approach with DB-5 and DB-1701 capillary columns doubles the Identification Power of the corresponding single column methods. The long-term intralaboratory variation of the dialkylfluoroaniline series based retention indices of drugs in blood ranged from 0.03% to 0.2% which was generally better than that obtained using the relative retention time. Novel software is described for the processing and reporting of the dual-column chromatographic data in analytically useful form. Besides retention data, the response factors served as an additional identification factor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190603
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  • 95
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    HRGC separation performance evaluation by a simplified fourier analysis approach (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190605
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  • 96
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    Trace analysis of semi-volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Trace gas analysis ; Multichannel thick film silicone rubber traps ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Established standard methods for analyzing semi-volatile pollutants by capillary gas chromatography are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. With the longer term aim of replacing the sample preparation procedures with convenient concertrating and thermal desorption steps, thick film silicone rubber traps were constructed in a novel multi-channel configuration. Tests were performed to determine breakthrough volumes and thermal desorption characteristics for total transfer of the trap contents to a capillary column. Initial results are very promising.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190607
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and characteristics of a trace gas analyzer for the determination of volatile organic compounds in air (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Adsorptive enrichment/thermal desorption ; Microtrap ; VOC and PVOC analysis ; Humid air sample analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An instrument has been developed and tested for the continuous measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air. The system consists of a gas chromatograph equipped with a dedicated sampling device that allows the sample to be transferred to a cooled microtrap via sampling loops (10, 100, 250 ml) or via a direct pump transfer to the trap. The microtrap is placed in the chromatographic oven just below a modified split-splitless injector, allowing direct liquid injection for calibration of the system; the injector is in communication with the sampling valve equipped with the loop and the sampling pump. The system allows 24-hour sampling and analysis of a large number of VOC (up to 25 individual hydrocarbons ranging from C2—C9) and also polar volatile organic compounds PVOC. Thanks to the particular trap geometry, a minimum consumption of liquid nitrogen (between 150—300 ml) is needed for each analytical run and no water managing system is normally required for humid air samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190606
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  • 98
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    HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Essential oil analysis ; Ylang-ylang oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE), and supercritical (CO2) extraction (SFE) were used to isolate volatile secondary metabolites from fresh, totally mature flowers of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography (DB-1, DBWAX, 60 m columns) using FID, NPD or MSD (EI, 70 eV). Kováts indexes, mass spectra, or standard substances were employed for compound identification. 51, 70, and 73 compounds at concentrations above 100 ppb were detected in the SD, SDE, and SFE extracts, respectively. The main constituents of these extracts were linalool (20.7, 28.0, and 16.5%), germacrene-D (10.1, 3.1, and 20.3%) benzyl benzoate (14.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), benzyl acetate (9.6, 17.0, and 6.2%), caryophyllene (3.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), and p-methylanisole (6.8, 6.1, and 2.7%). 85% of the composition of SDE extracts was represented by oxygenated compounds. Heavy hydrocarbons (Cn 〉20) and fatty acids were found only in the SFE extracts, which also had a higher content of nitrogenated compounds (phenylacetonitrile, 4-methylbenzaldoxime, indole, 2-phenyl-nitroethane, and methyl anthranilate) and sesquiterpenes (43% vs 19.5% in SD and 8.1% in SDE) and 1.5 - 2 times lower concentration of monoterpenes and light oxygenated compounds than the SD (49.7%) and SDE (64.5%) extracts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190609
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  • 99
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    Determination of triclosan in human dental plaque by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Triclosan ; Dental plaque ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A validated gas chromatographic method for the determination of triclosan in human dental plaque is described. Based on plaque sample weights of 10 mg, the limit of detection (2 × S/N) is 0.5 μg/g. The method is linear (r = 0.9986) from the limit of detection to 50 μg/g. Recoveries from placebos spiked with 2.0, 25, and 50 μg/g of triclosan were 105.6%±7.5%, 107.2%±3.1%, and 99.1%±1.1%, respectively (n = 3 at each level). Twenty replicate preparations and analyses of a homogenized sample, conducted by two operators over the course of 4 days, showed agreement to within 9% RSD. Analyses of dental plaque collected from patients after brushing with dental cream containing triclosan, shows triclosan to be retained in dental plaque at concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 μg/g) after 12 h.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190610
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  • 100
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190701
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