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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (1.810)
  • 1995-1999  (1.810)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1995  (1.810)
  • General Chemistry  (1.656)
  • crystal structure  (158)
Datenquelle
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (1.810)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999  (1.810)
  • 1985-1989
Jahr
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Tautomerism ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Crystals consisting of two distinct chemical entities, tautomers of each other, in exact 1∶1 ratio, have been obtained and their structure determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals of C9H11N3·C9H11N3 are monoclinic,P21/c,a=15.674(3),b=17.085(3),c=13.758(3)Å, β=90.78(2)°,Z=8. There are two hydroxylamine and two aminonitrone molecules in the asymmetric unit. Hydrogen bonds connect those molecules into chiral layers. Layers of opposite chirality alternate andthe crystal is centrosymmetric as a whole. Within those layers chains of tautomers joined by very strong O−H... O and strong N−H... N bonds can be recognized. Proton transfer along those chains with simultaneous rearrangement of π-bonds within the molecules would result in interconversion of tautomers and would affect chirality of the layer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 57-62 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): phase diagram ; buffered chloroaluminate ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The phase diagram of the buffered neutral aluminum chloride + 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride + sodium chloride (AlCl3-EMIC-NaCl) ternary melt system can be represented by a binary phase diagram composed of (EMI)AlCl4 and NaAlCl4. In the binary phase diagram, the salts are liquid at, or near, room temperature for a wide range of compositions. At the 1∶1 composition, the congruently melting compound (EMI)(Na)(AlCl4)2 with m.p.=36.7°C is formed. Crystals of this mixed organic-inorganic salt were grown for single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystalizes in the space group $$P\bar 1$$ with lattice parametersa=10.321(1) Å,b=10.895(3) Å,c=9.284(4) Å, α=98.31(2)°, β=100.83(4)°, γ=101.95(3)°. Data collected at −120°C gave final residuals ofR=0.037 andR w=0.045 using 2713 observed reflections. The packing diagram reveals Na+ ion zig-zag chains running along thea-axis with each Na+ surrounded by four AlCl 4 − units, reminiscent of NaAlCl4. The AlCl 4 − ions form a distorted square planar coordination sphere around Na+ at an average Na−Al distance of 3.76(4) Å. Using a sodium ionic radius of 1.16 Å, a new AlCl 4 − ionic radius of 2.60 Å is calculated. This radius is 0.21 Å shorter than the reported thermodynamic radius.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Antifungal alkaloids ; 3-methylsampangine ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 3-Methylsampangine, C16H10N2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c witha=7.260(3),b=10.697(5),c=15.342(6) Å, and β=102.69(4). All nonhydrogen atoms of this potent antifungal agent are planar to within 0.082 Å. The title compound exhibits potentin vitro antifungal activity againstC. neoformans, C. albicans andA. fumigatus.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium phosphate ; calcium pyrophosphate ; calcium potassium pyrophosphate ; crystal structure ; layer-type structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of Ca10K4(P2O7)6·9H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are hexagonal, space group P63cm witha=11.761(1),c=9.770(1) Å, andZ=1. The structure was refined toR=0.028 andR w=0.037 for 468 reflections withI≥3σ(I). The structure consists of a compact assembly of Ca and P2O7 ions arranged in layers perpendicular to thec-axis in a hexagonal array with relatively large open channels along thec-axis. The K ions and the water molecules are located in these open channels and are disordered.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Cage-diol ; crystal structure ; photooxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An unusual photooxidation was noted upon photolytic cage closure of a substituted tricyclo[6.2.1.02.7]undecane-exo, exo-diol. The resultant compound, which may be regarded as a mono-reduced pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione, was characterizedvia X-ray crystallography. This species could be reduced to the tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undecane-endo, exo-diol under conditions previously shown to be inert for the parent dione.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 379-382 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Benzonaphthodioxosuberane ; crystal structure ; radermachol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound (2) C21H16O4 has been determined by an X-ray analysis, by direct methods from diffractometer data and refined by full-matrix least squares. The compound (2) crystallizes in the space group P21/a, with cell parameters:a=36.432(5),b=5.512(3),c=8.269(5) Å, β=108.0(3)°,z=4,D c =1.397 g/cm−3,R=7.8 for 1136 observed reflections. The conformation of the tetracyclic ring system shows a folding of two planar parts of the carbon skeleton about an axis passing thorough C8 and C16 of the seven membered ring C.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Palladium ; gold ; cluster ; phosphine ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract [Au2Pd14(μ3-CO)7(μ2-CO)2(PMe3)11](PF6)2 has been synthesized from [Pd8(CO)8(PMe3)7] and AuCl(PCy3) in the presence of TIPF6. It has been characterised on the basis of mass spectrometry, infrared and NMR spectroscopy, and a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The structure is based on a palladium-centered Au2Pd11 icosahedron which shares an edge with a Pd5 trigonal bipyramid.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Cluster carbonyl ; osmium ; gold ; arene ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Reduction of the heptaosmium cluster [Os7(CO)21] With [Et4N][NH4) gives the cluster dianion [Os7(CO)20]2−,1, in high yield. The reaction of the dianion with [AuPR 3Cl] (R=Et or Ph) in the presence of TlPF6 forms [Os7((CO)20(AuPR 3)2] [R=Et (2a);R = Ph(2b)] in 80% yield, while the corresponding reaction with (Os(C6H6)(CH3CN)3]2+ gives [Os8(CO)20 (η 6-C6H6)] (3) in reasonable yield (ca. 30%). The dianion,1, and the clusters2 and3 have been fully characterized by bout spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The crystal structure of the [Ph4P]+ salt of1 shows that the metals in the anion adopt a capped octahedral geometry, with all twenty carbonyl ligands in terminal sites. The metal core geometry in2a is best described as a tricapped octahedron, and is based on the structure of the dianion1 with two adjacent octahedral faces capped by the Au atoms of the two AuPEt3 groups. In a similar fashion, the geometry of3 is related to that of1 with the addition of an Os(C6H6) unit capped to a triangular face, to give a bicapped octahedral framework.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 6 (1995), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Undecaosmium carbido cluster ; µ-bridged chlorol preparation ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A chloro-derivative of undecaosmium carbido cluster [Os11C(CO)27(µ-Cl)]-1 anion has been prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The structure1 is an important intermediate for the conversion of [Os11C(CO)27]2 2 dianion to [OS10C(CO)24]2-3 dianion.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Silver ; iron ; carbonyl ; cluster ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The oxidation of the [Fe(CO)4]2− dianion with Ag+ salts occurs through a particularinner-sphere mechanism, which involves an intermediate cascade of silver clusters stabilized by Fe(CO)4 ligands. The last detectable Ag-Fe cluster of the sequence is the [Ag13{μ-Fe(CO)4}8]3− trianion, which has been selectively obtained by using ca. 1.7 equivalents of Ag+ per mole of [Fe(CO)4]2−. The [Ag13{μ-Fe(CO)4}8]3−- trianion has been isolated in a crystalline state with several quaternary cations, and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction studies of its bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium salt. [N(PPh3)2]3 [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]·2(CH3)2CO, monoclinic, space group P21 (No.4),a = 16.284(2) Å,b =18.767(5) Å,c = 25.905(4) Å,β = 90.46(1)°,V = 7916(3) Å3,Z = 2,R = 0.0324. The molecular structure of the anion consists of a centered cuboctahedron of silver atoms with the triangular faces capped by Fe(CO)4 units. Chemical reduction of ( Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]3− affords the corresponding [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)8]4−, which in turn gives [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)8]5− and [Ag6{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}4]– upon further reduction. Electrochemical investigations confirm the reversibility of the [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]3−/4− redox change. Furthermore, in spite of some electrode poisoning effects, evidence of the existence of the [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]5− pentaanion was obtained. The yet structurally uncharacterized [Ag6{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)4]2− dianion is quantitatively obtained by reaction of [Fe(CO)4]2− with ca. 1.5 equivalents of Ag+ or by addition of one equivalent of Ag+ to solutions of the [Ag5{Fe(CO)4}4]3− trianion. All attempts to isolate its quaternary salts as crystalline materials failed owing to formation of amorphous insoluble precipitates. The above series ofμ 3-Fe(CO)4 octa-capped cuboctahedral Ag13 clusters can be envisioned as the Ag+ . Ag and Ag− cryptates of the [Ag12{μ}3-Fe(CO)4}8]4− cryptand. respectively.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Osmium ; unsaturated cluster ; ortho-metallation ; siloxyl ligand ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCMe)[Si(OMe)3](μ-H),1, with PMe2Ph yielded the new complex Os3(CO)10(PMe2Ph)[Si(OMe)3](μ-H),2 by substitution of the MeCn ligand with the phosphine ligand. When heated to 125°C compound2 was decarbonylated and transformed into the new unsaturated cluster complex Os3(CO)8[μ-PMe2(C6H4)][Si(OMe)3](μ-H)2,3 in 54% yield. Compound3 was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, osmium bonds. The phenyl ring of the phosphine ligand has undergoneortho-metallation by a neighboring metal atom. A terminally coordinated Si(OMe)3 ligand is coordinated to the third osmium atom. The cluster is unsaturated by the amount of 2 electrons, and there is an open coordination site on the siloxyl substituted osmium atom that is partially filled by a weak interaction with one of the π-bonds of theortho-metalled phenyl ring. Complex3 reacts with CO at 1 atm to reform compound2 in 85% yield in 5 h at 40°C. Crystal Data: for3: space group = P21/n,a = 9.911(2) Å,b = 18.451(6) Å,c = 14.872(2) Å,β = 95.64(2)°,Z = 4, 1994 reflections,R = 0.028.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 6 (1995), S. 549-566 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Molybdenum ; tungsten ; di-μ-oxo bridge ; sexadentate ligands ; asymmetric distortion ; stereoselectivity ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Binuclear oxomolybdenum(V) and oxotungsten(V) complexes of the type, [M 2(O)2(μ-X)(μ-X 1)]”, where M=Mo, W;X.X 1=O, S; L=edta, pdta (n=2-), tpen, tppn (n=2+) (edta4– =ethylenediaminetetraacetate(4–), pdta=R- orR,S-propylenediaminetetraacetate(4–), tpen=N,N,N 1,N1-tetrakis(2-pyridyhnethyl)-ethylenediamine, and tppn=R- orR,S-N,N,N 1,N1-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-propylenediami ne) are reviewed with respect to their preparation, structure, spectroscopic properties, reactivities, and in particular asymmetric distortion around the bicyclo [4.1.1 ] type core and stereoselectivity related to this distortion,
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Molecular mechanics ; molecular dynamics ; MNDO ; CMPO ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of N,N-diisobutyl-2-(octylphenylphosphinyl)acetamide, or CMPO was recently determined. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c witha=13.446(6),b=22.280(7),c=17.217(7) Å, β=92.07(4)°, andD calc=1.05 g/cm3 forZ=8 @20°C). Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and MNDO calculations were also performed on CMPO utilizing the SYBYL1 suite of programs. The results from these calculations are compared to the crystal structure and to similar calculations performed on CMPO using ALCHEMY2,3. In general, the results from the calculations agree fairly well with the parameters from the crystal structure.
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 453-458 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Mercury(II) terpyridine complex ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract [Hg(terpy)2](CF3SO3)2·0.5(CH3)2CO crystallizes in the triclinic $$P\bar 1$$ space group witha=14.631(6),b=15.258(4),c=18.785(7) Å, α=69.66(2), β=70.72(1), γ=88.55(1)°. The crystal structure consists of two independent [Hg(terpy)2]2+ cations, four trifluoromethanesulfonate anions and an acetone molecule in the asymmetric unit. Each mercury atom is coordinated by two tridentate terpyridine ligands forming an irregular six-coordination polyhedron. The Hg−N bond lengths range from 2.27(2) to 2.53(2) Å.
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamides ; resonance effect ; short intramolecular S...O contact ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The two closely related compoundsN,N-dimethyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide1 andN-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-N-methyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide2 have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination. Crystal data for1: triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=6.767(1),b=12.594(2),c=6.648(1) Å, α=101.38(1), β=93.37(2), γ=79.62(1)°,V=546.2 Å3,Z=2. Crystal data for2: monoclinic, Cc,a=19.836(4),b=6.057(1),c=15.860(3) Å, β=127.61(3)°,V=1509.5Å3,Z=4. The molecular structures of1 and2 show remarkable differences concerning the conformational behavior. These differences are related to the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atom. The presence of an aromatic system in2 leads to an almost planar arrangement of the α-oxoketene dithioacetal moiety. This effect is accompanied by a short intramolecular S...O contact of 2.648(2) Å. In the absence of an aromatic system, as is the case for compound1, neither a resonance effect along the α-oxoketene dithioacetal fragment nor a short S...O distance is observed.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 579-582 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Dibenzo-18-crown-6 ; hetero bimetallic ; crown ether ; crystal structure ; ferric chloride
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Slow evaporation of a solution of ferric chloride and dibenzo-18-crown-6 in 3∶1 CH3CN∶CH3OH produced single crystals of the title complex. This heterobimetallic crown ether complex, [Na(dibenzo-18-crown-6)][FeCl4], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2t/n with cell parameters (at 22°C)a=14.608(6),b=10.466(9),c=17.276(9)Å, β=91.47(6)°, andD calc=1.46 g cm−3 for Z=4. The structure consists of discrete ions with the shortest Na ... Cl distance a lengthy contact of 3.56(1)Å. The average Na...O separation is 2.69(3)Å. The [FeCl4]− anion exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry with an average Fe−Cl bond length of 2.16(2)Å.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Amines ; crystal structure ; pentacycloundecane-8,11-dione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structures of three compounds formedvia nucleophilic attack of a heterocyclic secondary amine on PCU-8,11-dione, with the concomitant intramolecular attack of one keto oxygen on the carbon of the other ketone, are presented. In all three compounds, the bridging oxygen contains substantial p-character, and the bonds to the “attacking” nitrogen are significantly shorter than would be expected.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 765-768 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Sesterterpene ; scalaran ; crystal structure ; marine compound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The molecular geometry of a tetracyclic sesterterpene has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The conformation of the aldehyde group as observed in the crystal structure supports the rationalization for the absence of aldehyde proton coupling in the nmr spectra of the compound. Crystal data: C28H42O5, M.W.=458.6; orthorhombic, P212121;a=10.797(2),b=29.270(9),c=8.033(1)Å,V=2538.7Å3,Dx=1.199 g cm−3;R=0.045 for 2287 observed reflections.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Calixarene ; complex ; crystal structure ; chirality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound was obtained by treatment ofp-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with (+) camphorsulfonyl chloride in triethylamine and toluene. A (1∶2) complex with toluene has been found. Its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are triclinic with space group P1,a=16.426(3),b=18.553(3),c=13.661(2) Å, α=94.78(2), β=110.76(2), γ=72.83(2)°,V=3720(2) Å3,d c =1.127 g/cm3 Z=2. Refinement based on 10495 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.100. The two independent molecules of calixarene in the asymmetric unit are in the cone conformation and the calixarene cavities are empty. The guest molecule occupies the interhost space. The norborane skelton of (+) camphorsulfonyl group is the same as ones found in literature. Only van der Waals interactions exist between the host and the guest molecules.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 6 (1995), S. 523-532 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Molybdenum ; reduction ; seven-electron triangular cluster ; bridging sulfide ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The triangular six-electron cluster complex [Mo3S4Cl4(PEt3) x (thf)5] produced by the excision reaction of Mo3S7Cl4 with triethypholsphine is reduced by magnesium at − 20°C. Subsequent addition of dppe (=1,2-his(diphenylphosphino)ethane) to the reduced species affords a seven-electron triangular cluster complex [Mo3S4Cl3(dppe)2(PEt3)]. The complex crystallizes in the space groupCm witha=17.170(6),b-19.878(6),c = 13.289(5)β = 121.73(2)°,V = 3858(2) A3, andZ = 2. The structure shows an almost equilateral triangle of three molybdenum atoms capped by a Sulfur atom and bridged by three sulfur atoms. The Mo Mo distances, ranging from 2.804(1) to 2.809(1) A are elongated ca. 0.04 A as compared with lose of a six-electron cluster complex with drape ligands. Two molybdenum atoms have a chlorine and a dppe ligands, and the other molybdenum atom bas a chlorine and a triethylphosphine ligands. The UV-Vis spectrum has a characteristic broad hand centered at 1410 n m, which is not observed for six-electron clusters. The ESR spectrum indicates the presence of an unpaired electron consistent with the formulation of the compound as a seven-electron cluster.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Schlagwort(e): organic crystal ; racemic form ; second-harmonic generation ; refractive index ; nonlinear optical coefficient ; crystal structure ; oriented-gas model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Linear and nonlinear optical properties of racemic (±)2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine ((±)MBANP) single crystals have been comprehensively investigated and compared with those of the enantiomorph (–)2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine ((–)MBANP) crystals. (±)MBANP crystal exhibits very high chemical and physical stability, but relatively small nonlinear optical coefficients (d31 = 6.8 pm/V, d32 = 4.7 pm/V, d33 = 0.84 pm/V). A comparison between the nonlinear optical coefficients of (±)MBANP and (–)MBANP demonstrates the validity of the oriented-gas model in molecular crystals that neglects all the contributions from intermolecular interaction.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Schlagwort(e): MM3 ; PM3 ; MMX ; crystal structure ; norbonadienone ; distorted compound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction of 4,5-didehydroacenaphthene with phencyclone yields the title compound, a stable dibenzo-fused norbornadienone (8). The X-ray structure of8 is presented and compared with the structure predicted from a MM3, PM3, and a MMX calculation. Thermal decomposition of 8 produces, 7,16-diphenylcyclopenta[d,e]tribenzo[a,h,j]anthracene (9), a hydrocarbon that is computed to have a significantly twisted polycyclic aromatic skeleton with 19 kcal/mole of strain energy.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 6 (1995), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen bonding ; carcinogen ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative ; dihydrodiol ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of the weak carcinogen 5-methylchrysene-7,8-dihydro-7,8-trans-(e,e)-diol is reported. This molecule contains a distorted bay region as a result of the presence of the 5-methyl group as found in 5-methylchrysene and 5,6- and 5, 12-dimethylchrysene. One torsion angle in this bay region is 20
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 44 (1995), S. 2353-2360 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Schlagwort(e): resorcinol-based crown ethers ; crystal structure ; intramolecular nonbonded C-H...O contacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 13- and 26-Membered crown ethers have been synthesized based on resorcinol and 1,8-dichloro-3,6-dioxaoctane. The products with substituents in the benzene ring have been prepared by alkylation of 13-membered crown ether. Complexing properties of the macrocycles have been studied with the use of ion-selective membrane electrodes. The structures of 13- and 26-membered crown ethers have been established by X-ray structural analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Schlagwort(e): dihydroisoquinoline derivatives ; crystal structure ; electronic, IR, and1H NMR spectra ; quantum-chemical calculation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 3,3-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisocarbostyryl azine (2) has been synthesized by oxidation of l-hydrazino-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (1). The crystal and molecular structures of compound 2 were determined. It has been established that in the solid state, compound2 exists as an azine tautomer. The IR, electronic, and NMR spectral data indicate that in solution the tautomeric form of2 does not change. A possible mechanism of the oxidation of1 to2 is suggested.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): 2-debenzoyl, 2-acetoxy paclitaxel ; docetaxel ; paclitaxel side-chain ; crystal structure ; solid state conformation ; intramolecular hydrogen bonding ; intermolecular hydrogen bonding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Crystals of the C2-acetate analog of paclitaxel, grown from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methanol, belong to the space group P2l with a = 9.058(3), b = 18.306(5), c = 15.043(1) Å, β = 97.09(1)°, Z = 2, V = 2475.1(9)Å3, D calc = 1.269 gcm−3 and µ = 0.75 cm−1. The structure was determined by direct methods and refined to R(F) = 0.054 and wR(F) = 0.057 for 605 variables and 3496 observed reflections. The paclitaxel side chain possesses a conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structure of docetaxel (Taxotere®). A three dimensional network of hydrogen bonds is formed through solvent molecules and stabilizes the crystal lattice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): Calixarene-dye ; crystal structure ; inclusion compound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of thep-tetrakis-(4-nitrophenylazo)calix[4]arene-4-picoline (1∶4) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space groupC2/c,a=24.9097) Å,b=8.425(6) Å,c=33.81(1) Å, β=101.13(2)°,D c =1.330 g/cm3,Z=4, finalR value =0.067. The cone conformation adopted by this azocalixarene is disturbed by the positions of the picoline molecules. Two of them are inside the macorocycle cavity and the two others are outside.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 119-130 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): Calixarene ; complexation ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A new method is described for the synthesis of isolatedp-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene (CALO) with a 24% yield. The ability of CALO to form complexes in the solid state with small neutral molecules has been studied; the potential guests were common solvents bearing various chemical functions. The powder obtained after evaporation of the solvent has been characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction technique. Analysis of the patterns shows the non-complexation of linear alkanes and alcohols, but formation of complexes when the guest is cyclic or when it bears an amine or a ketone function. As illustration of the possible arrangement of molecules in complexes, the structure of the 1:2 complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF) is presented: the crystals are monoclinic, space groupP21/c,a=9.459(2) Å,b=17.286(2) Å,c=30.469(6) Å, β=92.52(2)o,V=4977(2) Å3,Z=4,D c=1.099 Mg m−3, λ=1.54178 Å, μ=5.6 cm−1,R=0.086 for 3590 reflections withF〉4σ (F); one of the THF molecules is inside the cavity of the macrocycle, while the other, in the interhost space, exhibits disorder. In the CALO molecule, three out of the fourtert-butyl groups are disordered which may induce the disorder of the THF molecule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 187-201 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): Inclusion compounds ; gossypol ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of the inclusion compound of gossypol withn-valeric acid as a guest molecule has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. The crystals of C30H30O8·(C5H10O2)2, are triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=6.912(2),b=14.506(3),c=19.387(4) Å, α=78.85(2)°, β=83.92(3)°, γ=86.78(3)°V=1895(1) Å3,Z=2,D x=1.267 g cm−3, μ (CuK α)=0.768 mm−1,T=292 K. The structure has been solved by direct methods on intensity data collected for a twinned crystal and refined to the finalR value of 0.062 for 1606 observed reflections and 470 refined parameters. Gossypol-n-valeric acid (1/2) coordinato-clathrate is not isostructural with any of the previously investigated gossypol inclusion compounds but shows some structural similarities to gossypol-acetic acid (1/1). The host and one of the carboxylic acid molecules are connected via hydrogen bonds into molecular assemblies of a column type which are further bonded to centrosymmetric dimers of the secondn-valeric acid molecule. In effect, host and guest molecules are assembled into layer-type H-bonded aggregates. Structural features common to gossypol-n-valeric acid (1/2) and other earlier reported gossypol inclusion compounds are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 8 (1995), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Schlagwort(e): (Ba/K)BiO3 ; lattice dynamics ; electron phonon coupling ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The Lattice dynamics of Ba.6K.4BiO3 was investigated by inelastic neutron scattering on a superconducting single crystal (T c =26 K (midpoint)). At low frequencies the dispersion curves are very similar to those observed in BaPb.75Bi.25O3. Differences were found in the bond bending vibrations of the BiO6 octahedra which indicate that the binding in the K-doped compound is more ionic. Rather anomalous features were observed in the high frequency Bi-O bond stretching vibrations which resemble those observed in the high T c cuprates La1.85Sr.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7. The observed frequency shifts are interpreted as the consequence from a strong electron phonon coupling. The data are compared to the results obtained on non superconducting Ba.98K.02BiO3.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 23 (1995), S. 525-535 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): DNA-protein interaction ; crystal structure ; transcription factor ; gene regulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Many transcription factors have an α-helix that binds to DNA bases in a specific fashion. The DNA-binding geometry of these recognition helices varies substantially. We define a set of parameters to describe the binding geometry of recognition helices and analyze specific stereochemical elements that determine particular geometries. Because the convex surface of the helix must fit into the concave surface of the DNA major groove, the number of degrees of freedom of the recognition helix is reduced from a possible six to a single angle, which we call α. The chemically interacting DNA bases and amino acid residues must lie along a common line and have the same spacing along it. This pairing of base positions with residue positions seems to restrict the binding geometry further to a set of discrete values for α. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ; SQ-33600 ; crystal structure ; hydrates ; solid-state fluorescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract It has been shown previously that the disodium salt of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (SQ-33600) is capable of existing as a number of hydrate species [1]. Three crystalline solid hydrates and one liquid crystalline phase have been identified, each having a definite stability over a defined range of humidity. These forms have been found to exhibit varying fluorescence properties in their respective solid states, with differences in bandshapes and intensities being noted for each. These spectral variations have been correlated with the known pseudopolymorphism of the compound.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): tert-Butylamine 7.25 H2O ; amine hydrate ; semi-clathrate ; clathrate hydrate ; hydrate ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Of the various hydrates oftert-butylamine, the title compound has been identified as the second-highest, melting incongruently at −19°C. Its crystal structure (orthorhombic, space groupPca21,Z=32 formula units per unit cell,a=24.80,b=16.440,c=25.29 Å) and the exact composition have been determined from X-ray diffraction at −150°C. The hydrate is a rather complex semi-clathrate, with the amine molecules not merely encaged, but also hydrogen-bonded, in a three-dimensional water host structure, which in turn is not fully four-connected. Nevertheless, it bears a clear relationship to the basic and genuine clathrate-hydrate cubic 12 Å type.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): 18-crown-6 ; diaminofurazane ; crystal structure ; host-guest complexes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract An X-ray—diffraction study is reported for two molecular complexes containing 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole as guest (G) with 18-crown-6 (18-C-6) andcis-anti-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH-6B) as host. Both complexes are of the polymeric-chain structure with the guest molecule bridging two crown neighbours. ComplexI: [18-C-6*G*H2O], 1∶1∶1, monoclinic,P21/n,a=8.171(1),b=15.042(2),c=16.209(6) Å, β=101.15(2)°, finalR-factor 0.068. ComplexII: [DCH-6B*G], 1∶1, monoclinicC2/c,a=21.212(4),b=9.380(2),c=13.049(3) Å, β=108.61(3)°, finalR 0.047.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): (R, R)-Tartaric acid derivatives ; host-guest compounds ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract TheO, O′-dibenzoyl derivative of (R, R)-tartaric acid shows a good inclusion ability for diethyl and di-n-propol ethers. The two crystalline inclusion compounds have 1:1 stoichiometry and reveal isomorphous structures. Hydrogen bonded host molecules form chains running along thez axis of the unit cell and guest molecules join to these chains by short O−H...O hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding in the crystals is characterized by a C(7)D first-order network. The ether molecules are in a fully extended conformation. They are accommodated in channel-like voids running along thex axis. Atomic displacement parameters are significantly larger for diethyl ether than for the di-n-propyl ether molecule reflecting less dense packing for this inclusion compound.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): Bridged calix[4]arene ; caesium complex ; ditopic receptor ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structures of two binuclear complexes between caesium and 1,3-calix[4]-bis-crowns have been determined. Cs2 Bis-benzoC6(NO3)2. 3CHCl3 (1) in whichBis-benzoC6 is 1,3-calix[4]-bis-benzo-crown-6, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system: space groupPca2 1 a=19.513(10),b=15.382(5),c=23.708(9) Å,V=7116(5) Å3,Z=4. Refinement led to a final conventionalR value of 0.065 for 2321 reflections. The structure of (1) is analogous to those already reported withBis-C6, (in whichBis-C6 is, 1,3-calix[4]-bis-crown-6) and NO 3 − as a counter-ion. Cs2 Bis-C6(NCS)2 (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic system: space, groupC2 a=36.57(2),b=11.47(1),c=13.65(1) Å, β=109.03(5)°.,V=5415(6) Å3,Z=4. Refinement led to a final conventionalR value of 0.063 for 2227 reflections. Compound (2) is made of dimers bridged by a disordered NCS− ion. The crown ether chain conformations are discussed.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 7 (1995), S. 518-525 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Schlagwort(e): crystal structure ; molecular mechanics ; MM2-87 ; opioid ligand model ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The absolute configurations of the enantiomers of the opiod picenadol [cis-1,3-dimethyl-4-propyl-4-propyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine; cis-3-methyl, 4-propyl] have been determined by an X-ray crystallographic study of the chloride salt of the (+)-enantiomer. The agonist (+)-enantiomer and the antagonist (-)-enantiomer were found to have the 3R, 4R and 3S, 4S absolute configurations, respectively. The conformational properties of the enantiomers were also examined with MM2-87 calculations. There was good agreement between the computed global minimum and the crystallographic structure with the phenyl ring approximately bisecting the piperidine ring by both methods. This orientation of the phenyl ring differs from that of related opioids such as the phenylmorphans, prodines, meperidine, and ketobemidone in which the phenyl ring tends to eclipse one edge of the piperidine ring. Because the phenyl ring bisects the piperidine ring in picenadol, there is little difference in the three-dimensional orientations of the phenyl rings of the two enantiomers when one superimposes the piperidine rings. The agonist (+)-enantiomer is ambiguous with respect to an opioid ligand model, which suggests that agonist activity requires a specific range of dihedral angles for the phenyl ring. While the global minimum of the agonist is not consistent with the model, a second conformer that is only 1.2 kcal/mol above the global minimum is consistent. An alternative explanation is that agonist or antagonist activity is solely due to the presence of the 3-methyl group on the different edges of the piperidine ring. MM2-87 calculations were also performed on the opioid agonist des-3-methyl analog of picenadol and the closely related trans-1,3,4-trimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines (trans-3-methyl, 4-methyl) in which both enantiomers are opioid antagonists. The conformational properties of these compounds are consistent with the ligand model. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): chlorine complexes ; ethene complexes ; intermediates ; rotational spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A complex of ethene and Cl2 has been characterised in the gas phase. Rotational spectra of the isotopomers C2H4…35Cl2, C2H4…35Cl37Cl and C2H4…37Cl35Cl were recorded by using a fast-mixing nozzle in an FT microwave spectrometer. Rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants and Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. χgg (Cl) are reported in each case. The complex is of the π-donor-acceptor type and has a C2v geometry in which Cl2 lies along the C2 axis perpendicular to the plane of the C2H4 nuclei. The binding is weak, and only small changes in the χgg (Cl) attend complex formation. A simple model attributes these changes to a transfer of around 0.02e from the inner to the outer Cl nucleus, thus confirming that the complex is of the Mulliken outer type. Similarities in the properties of C2H4… Cl2 and C2H4… HCl indicate that the angular geometry is in both cases determined mainly by the electrostatic part of the interaction. The distance from the π-bond midpoint to Cl decreases from C2H4… HCl to C2H4… Cl2; this suggests that Cl2 is “snub-nosed”.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 68-73 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): porphyrinoids ; Rothemund synthesis ; sapphyrin ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Rothemund-type condensation of pyrrole and benzaldehyde yields, apart from 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPH2) and inverted tetraphenylporphyrin 2-aza-21-carba-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (CTPPH2), a unique pentapyrrolic macrocyclic molecule with the aromatic nucleus of sapphyrin, namely, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylsapphyrin (TPSH3). Its unorthodox structural skeleton with an inverted pyrrole ring lying opposite to the bipyrrole unit accounts for the spectroscopic properties of the novel sapphyrin. The diprotonation of TPSH3 acts as a trigger for a structural transformation involving a flip of the pyrrole units, which relocates the 27-NH pyrrolic nitrogen from the periphery into the center of the macrocycle. The formation of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylsapphyrin proves that the pentapyrrolic product is accessible by the mechanism of the Rothemund synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): charge transfer ; EPR spectroscopy ; organometallic compounds ; platinum compounds ; spectroelectrochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In spite of their very similar cyclic voltammograms, absorption spectra, and solvatochromic behavior, the two 1,4-diazabutadiene title complexes exhibit markedly different photoreactivities and underlying electronic structures, as evident from absorption and EPR spectra of the persistent anion radical forms. The lowest excited state of the nonphotoreactive PtII system [(CyN=CH—CH=NCy)-PtMe2] has MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge-transfer, 5d → π*) character, and the EPR spectrum of the corresponding anion radical at 〈g〉 = 2.016 exhibits sizable metal/ligand orbital mixing. On the other hand, the structurally characterized PtIV complex [(CyN=CH—CH=NCy)-PtMe4] (C2/c; a = 2021.6(2), b = 805.3(1), c = 1254.2(1) pm; β = 111.05(1)°; V = 1905.7(4) × 106 pm3; Z = 4) has a lowlying photoreactive LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer, σPt—C → π*) excited state in which the axial Pt—C bonds are activated, as already suggested by the longer Pt—C(ax) bonds (214.0(8) pm) relative to Pt—C(eq) in the ground state (204.5(5) pm). The anion radical of the PtIV complex has lost the long-wavelength absorption band in the visible; it shows a well-resolved EPR spectrum at 〈g〉 = 1.9945 with π-ligand and 195Pt hyperfine structure and a small g anisotropy. A qualitative MO scheme is presented to account for the similar frontier-orbital energy differences despite dissimilar underlying electronic structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): alkyne complexes ; carbon networks ; macrocycles ; platinum compounds ; tetraethynylethene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The syntheses of the first organometallic mono- and dinuclear platinum complexes bearing the tetraethynylethene unit as an η1-ligand are reported. Structural characterization of two of the trans σ-bis(acetylide) derivatives by X-ray crystallography reveals coplanarity of the acetylenic π-ligands and indicates possible electronic delocalization across the metal center. This notion is further supported by comparing the electronic absorption spectra of the platinum-containing compounds with those of related tetraethynylethene derivatives without metals. The solidstate structure of a dinuclear complex with two iodoplatinum fragments attached to one set of geminal acetylenes of tetraethynylethene was also investigated by X-ray diffraction. Hay coupling of a mononuclear species leads to the incorporation of the σ-bis(acetylide) moiety into a diplatinated metallacycle. This macrocyclic compound represents a novel structural motif in the design of a transition metal linked carbon network based on tetraethynylethene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): asymmetric syntheses ; azomethine ylides ; chiral auxiliaries ; cycloadditions ; pyrrolidines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Upon treatment with triethylamine or DBU in the presence of LiBr, aromatic and aliphatic imines of amino acid esters are converted to N-metalated azomethine ylides. These 1,3-dipoles undergo highly stereoselective cycloadditions with N-acryloyl-(S)-proline esters in THF at -78 to -40°C to afford highly substituted pyrrolidines with complete regiocontrol and good to excellent diastereomeric ratios. The chiral auxiliary groups can readily be removed from the cycloadducts by simple acid hydrolysis. To rationalize the observed stereoselectivity a transition-state model is proposed in which the lithium cation is coordinated to both the 1,3-dipole and the dipolarophile.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): block synthesis ; epoxidations ; glycosylations ; oligosaccharides ; selenoglycosides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several suitable building blocks for the construction of the phytoalexin elicitor α-methyl-32, 34-di-β-D-glucopyranosylgentiopentaoside (2) were readily accessible by oxidative coupling of glucals. Block coupling of trimeric phenylseleno- and ethylthioglucosyl donors 17 and 18 with tetrasaccharide 16 in the presence of the thiophilic promoter N-iodosuccinimide and catalytic trifluoromethanesulfonic acid furnished the desired heptaglucan 2 in high overall yield.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. cpi 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): asymmetric syntheses ; enol ethers ; Fischer carbenes ; Michael additions ; syn diastereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Michael addition reactions of ketone and ester lithium enolates to optically active Fischer vinylcarbene complexes derived from (-)-8-phenylmenthol take place with high syn selectivity and high levels of asymmetric induction. The initial Michael adducts can be further elaborated through diastereoselective addition of organometallic reagents to ketones and aldol reactions. Removal of the metal fragment and chiral auxiliary group leads to cyclic enol ethers with three or five contiguous stereogenic centers and of high enantiomeric purity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): amphiphiles ; C-glycosides ; cryptates ; fullerenes ; ionophores ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of the first fullerene cryptate 7 with a sodium ion bound to a benzo[2.2.2]cryptand covalently attached to a methanofullerene[60] is described. The amphiphilic properties of 7 as well as of a variety of other covalent fullerene derivatives with polar functional groups and the ability of these compounds to form Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface were investigated in a systematic study. Among these derivatives are Diels-Alder adducts of C60 and methanofullerenes, four of which are fullerene C-glycosides. The films at the water surface were characterized by their surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms, compression and expansion cycles, and optical light microscopy. UV/Vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) were employed for LB film characterization on solid substrates. Parameters influencing the spreading and monolayer character include (a) polarity, (b) balance of hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, (c) size and bulkiness of the polar groups attached to the fullerene, and (d) presence of aromatic residues in these groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 275-284 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): diarylethenes ; molecular devices ; nonlinear optics ; photochromes ; redox switches ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Organic photochromic systems represent a starting point for the elaboration of light-triggered molecular switching devices. The novel bispyridinium and bispyridine compounds 12+ and 6 were synthesized as their uncyclized isomers from 3,5-dibromo-2-methylthiophene in overall yields of 43 and 44%, respectively. The diarylethene photochromes 2 and 10-13, substituted with electron donors and acceptors, were prepared from 5-methylthiophene-2-carboxaldehyde in 21-32% overall yield. All of the compounds were found to exhibit pronounced photochromic properties. Irradiation with UV light resulted in essentially complete photocyclization of the open forms to the intensely coloured closed isomers which could, in turn, be reconverted back to the open state with visible light of γ〉600 nm. The absorption maxima of the described compounds in their closed forms are shifted far towards, and even into, the near-IR region. Whereas no thermochromic properties were observed for the open isomers, the rates of thermal decolouration of the cyclized forms was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the substituents on the thiophene rings. It was demonstrated that reversible photochemical interconversion between the two photochromic states could be used to effectively switch a number of physical properties. Thus, the molecules 12+ and 12 represent two kinds of redox switches, the former in reduction and the latter in oxidation, in which electron conduction is switched on in the closed state and off in the open state. Compound 12 may also be considered to be a photoswitchable analogue of tetrathiafulvalene type substances. On the other hand, compound 2 displays a marked increase in nonlinear optical activity on conversion from the open to the closed form. Such systems are prototypes of photoswitchable molecular wires where electron conduction and push-pull interaction can be reversibly modulated by an external stimulus, namely, irradiation by light.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): diarylethenes ; electrochromes ; molecular devices ; optical memory ; photochromes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The bisphenolic dithienylethene molecules 1a and 1b were synthesized in overall yields of 45% from 4-bromoanisole and 44% from 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-iodophenol, respectively. The corresponding extended quinones 3a and 3b were also prepared. Photochemical studies showed that compounds 1 are photochromic; the open forms 1 could be converted with UV light of 312nm to the closed coloured forms 2 with photostationary states lying at essentially complete conversion (〉 98%). The 1a-2a system was found to exhibit good resistance to photofatigue and thermal stability for both photoisomers. Cyclic voltammetry studies involving the 2/3 couples showed that whereas 2b undergoes irreversible oxidation at + 0.85 V (vs. SCE in THF), the hydroquinone 2a is reversibly oxidized at an E1/2 of + 0.72V (in MeCN, quasi-reversibly in THF at + 0.81 V); this reflects the differences in deprotonation behaviour of the generated QH2/2+ species. The large difference in oxidation potential between 1a and 2a allows the photochemical switching of redox properties. In a complementary fashion, redox switching of the photochromic properties within the 2a-3a pair is possible since 3a is stable to visible light. Owing to this unique behaviour, the triad consisting of 1-3a represents a novel molecular device with mutually regulating photo- and electrochromic behaviour. In addition, the ability to interconvert between the three stable states makes the system well-suited as the basis for an optical memory system with multiple storage and nondestructive readout capacity through a write-lock-read-unlock-erase cycle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): asymmetric syntheses ; alkenylations ; SAMP/RAMP hydrazones ; selenyl aldehydes ; sphingosine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: L-threo-sphingosine and its D-erythro isomer (1) are subunits of many glycosphingolipids, gangliosides and ceramides. This paper describes the highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of both isomers (de, ee 〉 98%). The key steps in the synthesis are the aldol reaction of the SAMP hydrazone (S)-2 with racemic α-phenylselenylpentadecanal 3, the diastereoselective triacetoxyborohydride reduction of ketone 5 and exclusive (E) C—C double bond formation in the elimination of hydroxyl and selenyl moieties promoted by methanesulfonyl chloride. Mesylate 8 was then readily converted via the 1,3-O-acetonide-protected azidosphingosine 9 to L-threo-sphingosine. Conversion to the known 1-O,2-N-diacetyl-protected sphingosine 13 with subsequent Mitsunobu inversion of the C3—OH centre afforded the D-erythro-sphingosine epimer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 403-413 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): conjugation ; ferromagnetism ; helices ; magnetic properties ; polymers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electronic structures of conjugated polymers containing methyl radicals, carbenes, and nitrogen-based radicals coupled in various ways through benzene rings are examined, employing band-structure calculations in the extended Hückel approximation. The structural and electronic properties of polymers with a para-phenylene or meta-phenylene coupling unit are compared. In the polymer with methyl radicals coupled through a para-phenylene unit, a pairing or Peierls distortion occurs to remove the degeneracy at the Fermi level. The resulting bandgap is nevertheless relatively small; we conclude that such polymers are likely to exhibit high electrical conductivity upon doping, very much like polyacetylene. On the other hand, in the polymers with a meta-phenylene coupling unit, striking symmetry-determined, halfoccupied narrow bands appear at the Fermi level and contribute to the stability of the ferromagnetic state. The relation of a potential ferromagnetic state to metallic, CDW, and SDW states is discussed from the viewpoint of orbital interactions in extended systems. We suggest novel 3- and 4-fold helical structures for the meta-phenylene-coupled polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 423-429 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): kinetics ; peroxyl radicals ; pulse radiolysis ; radicals ; superoxide radicals ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Hydroxyl radicals were generated radiolytically and reacted with a number of benzene derivatives (PhH). In the presence of oxygen, the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals thus formed were converted into their corresponding peroxyl radicals. Pulse radiolysis has shown the oxygen addition (forward reaction, f) to be reversible (reverse reaction, r) [Eq. (1)]. The peroxyl radicals can eliminate HO2· to yield phenols, alongside some ring-fragmentation products (product-forming reaction, p). The rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions (kf and kr) and the corresponding stability constants K (= kf/kr) were determined for the hydroxy-cyclohexadienyl radicals derived from anisole, toluene, fluorobenzene, benzene, chlorobenzene, benzyl chloride, benzoate ion, phenylalanine, and terephthalate ion. The constants kf lie between 8 × 108 (anisole) and 1.6 × 107 dm3 mol-1 s-1 (terephthalate ion), and kr between 7.5 × 104 (toluene) and 3.4 × 103 s-1 (terephthalate ion). The stability constants lie between 2.6 × 104 (benzene) and 3.3 × 103 dm3 mol-1 (phenylalanine). The rate constants for the product-forming reactions kp are between 5.5 × 103 (anisole) and 3.4 × 102 s-1 (benzoate). For the peroxyl radical derived from phenylalanine, a bond dissociation energy of 5.5 kcal mol-1 has been derived. A number of hydroxy-cyclohexadienyl radicals (e.g., those derived from benzoic acid, ethylbenzoate, benzonitrile, and nitrobenzene) react too slowly to allow the equilibrium constant to be determined by means of pulse radiolysis. These reactions have rate constants kf in the order of 5 × 106 dm3 mol-1 s-1, except for nitrobenzene where the reaction is too slow for measurement. The rate constants kr are below 500 s-1, and the product-forming reaction is too slow to be detected by pulse radiolysis. γ-Radiolysis of N2O/O2(4:1)-saturated aqueous solutions of benzonitrile gave dimeric compounds (e.g., dicyanobiphenyls) in low yield, alongside the three isomeric phenols; this again proves the low reactivity of its hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical toward oxygen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): allylhydrazines ; cadmium compounds ; catalysis ; photochemistry ; zinc compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Suspensions of zinc or cadmium sulfide powders in a protic solvent catalyse the linear addition of enol ethers and olefins to 1,2-diaryl- and 1-aryl-2-alkyl-1,2-diazenes, producing allylhydrazine derivatives. Relative quantum yields decrease sharply when the 1,2-diazene is more difficult to reduce, while their relationship to the oxidation potential of the enol ether/olefin is complicated. Reduction to 1,2-diarylhydrazine and concomitant dehydrodimerization of the enol ether occurs as a side reaction. It is favoured by increasing light intensity and becomes the major reaction path when platinized (5 mol%) photocatalysts are employed. It is proposed that the photogenerated electron-hole pair in a proton-coupled electron transfer reduces the diazene to a hydrazyl radical and oxidizes the olefin/enol ether to a radical cation. The allylic radical obtained from the latter by deprotonation then undergoes C—N coupling with the hydrazyl radical to afford the allylhydrazine. Diarylhydrazine formation occurs by disproportionation of the hydrazyl radical or by a successive proton-coupled reduction. Thus photoaddition can be classified as a 1 e-/1 h+ process while 2e-/2h+ are necessary for the reduction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A general method for the homologation of aldehydes to α-amino aldehydes (aminohomologation) has been developed, which employs nitrones as iminium derivatives of the aldehydes. Key operations include a) the addition of a thiazole metalated at C-2 to the N-benzylnitrone derived from the aldehyde, b) the reductive dehydroxylation of the resultant thiazolyl N-benzylhydroxylamine, and c) the unmasking of the formyl group from the thiazole ring. The homologation sequence was studied by employing nitrones derived from various chiral polyalkoxy aldehydes and dialdoses. The addition of 2-lithiothiazole to these nitrones was syn-selective, whereas the reaction with the same nitrones precomplexed with Lewis acids was anti-selective. Hence, from each nitrone a pair of diastereoisomeric hydroxylamines was obtained. These compounds were then converted by the above sequence into α-epimeric α-amino aldehydes. Model elaborations of some of these products afforded the amino sugars D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, D-nojirimycin, and advanced intermediates for the synthesis of destomic acid and lincosamine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): alkenyl ; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis ; labelling studies ; rhodium compounds ; vinyl ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Results consistent with the participation of vinyls in the initiation and of alkenyl species in the propagation steps of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction are reported. Substantial incorporation of 13C2 into the alkene and alkane (C3-C7) hydrocarbon products occurred when doubly labelled vinyls (13C2H3Br. (13C2H3)4Si, or 13C2H4) were added as molecular probes to the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium/ceria/silica catalysts (1 atm, 220°C). There was, by contrast, no significant incorporation of 13C1 into any of the organic products; thus cleavage of the C2 probe did not occur. The degree of 13C2 incorporation decreased with increasing molecular mass of the hydrocarbon; this indicates that the probe molecule initiated but did not propagate. A mathematical model based on polymerisation of surface methylenes initiated by a vinyl, propagated by alkenyls and terminated by reaction with a surface hydrogen or by coupling has been developed to explain the 13C2 incorporation data. Under the conditions of the experiments, the relative ability of the probes to initiate is: vinyl bromide (60%)〉tetravinylsilane (30%)〉ethene (15%). Substantial formation of 13C4 products also occurred when vinyl bromide or tetravinylsilane were used as probes; this arises from a dimerisation of the vinyl on the surface, a process which has been modelled in homogeneous systems and also by other workers in studies on single crystal surfaces. There was no significant 13C incorporation into the oxygenates (methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde); these products are formed by a different path.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 594-597 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): electron microscopy ; gels ; helices ; self-assembly ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis, molecular structure, and properties of a new chiral gelforming agent 1 are described. Key structural features in 1 are a γ-alkoxybutyro-lactone tetralin moiety and an angular phenylsulphone unit. The new low molecular weight gelator 1 can reversibly form stable gels in low concentrations (e.g., 1:800 for n-hexane) with isopropanol and a variety of apolar organic solvents. The gels were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and a combination of electron microscopy techniques, which revealed a highly ordered three-dimensional network of entangled fibers. X-ray analysis showed that the aggregation of 1 leads to a helical structure in the solid state. Nonchiral analogues 2 and 3 were unable to initiate gel formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 3-3 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 56-67 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): amethyrin ; orangarin ; porphyrinoids ; terpyrroles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new, general synthesis of the first β-substituted tetra- and hexaalkyl terpyrroles is described. Also described are two new classes of expanded porphyrins derived from the hexaalkyl terpyrrole. The key step in the terpyrrole formation is the copper(II)-mediated oxidative coupling of the LDA-derived enolates of α-keto pyrroles. The first new expanded porphyrin reported here, the so-called “orangarin”, contains five pyrrolic subunits and two bridging carbon atoms, and is formally a 20π-electron nonaromatic macrocycle. The second new class of expanded porphyrins, the “amethyrins”, are 24π-electron nonaromatic macrocycles containing six pyrrole units. Both of these new macrocycles, as well as one of the new terpyrrolic precursors have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 100-100 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. cpi 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 118-123 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): antiferromagnetic exchange ; crystal structure ; indium compounds ; Jahn-Teller distortion ; titanium compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Dark green crystals of In3Ti2Br9 have been synthesized from elemental Ti and molten InBr3 at 450°C. The X-ray diffractional characterization by means of single-crystal and powder Rietveld refinement reveals a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 738.2(2), c = 1813.9(3) pm; P63/mmc, Z = 2) of Cs3Cr2Cl9 type, containing Ti2Br3-9 dimers and univalent indium cations. Self-consistent, semiempirical band structure calculations show the structural distortions of the two monovalent indium cations to arise from a second-order Jahn-Teller instability. The new compound's magnetic susceptibility and microscopic antiferromagnetic exchange are analyzed by using a Bleaney-Bowers ansatz.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): electrophilic additions ; N-pyrrolyl complexes ; rearrangements ; rhenium compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaction of [{Re}(OTf)] (1; {Re}  -  (η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3) and potassium pyrrolide gives the N-pyrrolyl complex 2, 88%). Reactions of 2 with (CF3CO)2O/N(C2H5)3 and CH3O2CC=CCO2CH3 give 3- and 2-substituted pyrrolyl complexes respectively (3, R/R′ = H/COCF3, 77%; 5, R/R′ = C(CO2CH3)=CHCO2CH3/H, 69-87%). Free pyrrole is much less reactive towards these reagents. Reactions of 2 and TfOH or HBF4·OEt2 give the 2H-pyrrole adducts +X- (7+X-; 89-83%). At 0-25°C in CH2Cl2, these rearrange to the carbon-ligated tautomers +X-(8+X-) and then +X-; (9+X-; 72-96 h, 90-96%). Reaction of 1 and pyrrole in refluxing toluene gives 8+TfO- and then 9-TfO- (92%). However, 1 and pyrrole react too slowly in CH2Cl2 to be intermediates in the conversion of 7+TfO- to 9+TfO-. Reaction of 9+ TfO- and KH gives the C-pyrrolyl complex (68%), which adds TfOH to give 9+TfO-. Mechanistic aspects of the preceding reactions are discussed. The crystal structures of 2 and 9+TfO- are determined, and the NC4Hx ligand conformations analyzed with extended Hückel MO calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. cpi 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): rapamycin ; stannylethenes ; Stille coupling ; vinyl iodides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Details of the total synthesis of rapamycin (1) are reported. The synthesis required the preparation of intermediates 4 - 9 in nonracemic form; key coupling reactions included a chromium-mediated addition of vinyl iodide 8 to aldehyde 7 and an Evans aldol reaction to couple fragments 62 and 9. Intermediates 4 and 6 were joined through an amide bond formation to afford advanced intermediate 71. Swern oxidation of the diol in 71 was followed by a selective removal of the TES groups and a second Swern oxidation. Finally, removal of the remaining silyl protecting groups provided fully deprotected, penultimate intermediate 2 in which all carbons were in their proper oxidation state. Macrocyclization was achieved through a tandem inter/intramolecular palladium-mediated Stille coupling reaction between distannylethene 3 and bis(vinyl iodide) 2. This latter process accomplished in one step the installation of the remaining two carbons of the natural product and the completion of its total synthesis.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): ate complexes ; intramolecular coordination ; lutetium complexes ; organometallic compounds ; yttrium complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New complexes of lutetium and yttrium containing the monoanionic, terdentate ligand [2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]- (NCN) have been synthesized by substitution reactions starting from MCl3 (M = Lu, Y). Reaction of MCl3 (M = Y, Lu) with one equivalent of (NCN)Li affords the ate complexes [(NCN)MCl2(μ-Cl)(μ-Li(thf)2)]2) (M = Lu (1a), Y (1b)) in which the terdentate ligand is bound in mer fashion and all three chloride atoms are retained in the product. Crystals of 1a are monoclinic (space group P21/n, a =10.4559(4), b = 21.6150(9), c=12.1700(7) Å, β = 105.294(4)°, Z = 2, final R = 0.039 for 3695 observed reflections [I〉2.50σ(I)]). Attempted substitution of chloride in the yttrium complex 1b by Me3SiCH2- leads to decomposition. However, reaction of 1a with Me3SiCH2Li gives the monoalkyl complex [(NCN)Lu-(μ-Cl)(CH2SiMe3)]2 2, 30% yield), in which the terdentate ligand is bound in a pseudo-facial manner. Crystals of 2 are triclinic (space group P1, a = 9.8575(7), b = 10.0171(7), c = 11.1460(14) Å, α = 75.096(8). β = 78.092(8), γ =77.474(6)°, Z = 1, final R1 = 0.11 for 1361 reflections [I 2σ(I)]). Substitution of the chloride ions in 2 by Me3SiCH2- is possible and affords quantitatively the bisalkyl complex [(NCN)Lu(CH2SiMe3)2] (3). The lutetium complexes 2 and 3 are formally coordinatively unsaturated complexes, which are moisture-sensitive and thermally stable for several weeks when dissolved in aromatic solvents. However, they decompose rapidly in aliphatic solvents such as hexane, and a decomposition route involving the formation of carbene species is proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): biomineralization ; calcite ; crystal morphology ; mosaic structure ; symmetry reduction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Organisms can exert a remarkable degree of control over crystal growth. One way of achieving this is by the adsorption of specialized macromolecules on specific planes of the growing crystals. With continued growth of the crystal, the macromolecules are incorporated inside the crystal bulk. Their presence does not change the crystal structure, but creates discontinuities in the perfect lattice. Here we study in detail three unusual cases of reduction in symmetry at the level of crystal domain shapes, induced by this controlled intercalation. We examined sponge spicules, which are single crystals of Mg-bearing calcite. They were specifically chosen for this study, because their morphologies do not reflect the hexagonal symmetry of calcite. Their crystal textures (coherence lengths and angular spreads) were characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction with well-collimated synchrotron radiation. The results are compared to analogous studies of synthetic calcite and Mg-bearing calcite. In all the selected spicules reduction in symmetry is observed in the coherence lengths among symmetry-related crystallographic directions. The reconstructed shapes of the domains of perfect structure closely match the specific spicule morphologies. The synthetic crystals show no such reduction in symmetry. Although the manner by which such exquisite control is achieved is not known, we envisage it involving a combination of oriented nucleation with either physical or stereochemically driven adsorption.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 430-435 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): amino acids ; asymmetric synthesis ; BNCT ; carboranes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two α-amino acids containing the 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (12) cage, namely, 5-(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-1-yl)-2-aminopentanoic acid (1) and 5-(2-methyl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-1-yl)-2-aminopentanoic acid (2), were prepared by asymmetric synthesis (e.p. 〉 98%) by using the chiral glycine equivalent, imidazolidinone 3, introduced by Seebach, and Oppolzer's camphor-derived sultam derivative 4. The dextrorotatory enantiomers (sodium D line in methanol) of the amino acids 1 and 2 were both shown to have (S) configuration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): ab initio calculations ; copper compounds ; organometallic compounds ; tetrahydroborato ligand ; theoretical chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: All-electron ab initio calculations (MP4/MP2 level) have been performed on [Cu(BH4)(PH3)n] (n = 1, 2, 3) complexes. Full-geometry optimizations were carried out in each case, and the stationary points were characterized by the diagonalization of the analytically calculated Hessian matrix. The η2 coordination mode, with a tetrahedral arrangement around the copper atom, is the most stable structure for n = 2, while for n = 3 a strongly nonlinear η1 coordination mode is preferred. These results are in agreement with the experimental data available on related complexes. For n = 1, for which there is no experimental data, the η3 structure turns out to be the most stable. The energy differences associated with some changes in the coordination mode (η1 → η2 for n = 3 and η3 → η2 for n = 1) are small. Finally, a mechanism for the exchange between terminal and bridging hydrogen atoms is proposed for each complex under study.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 454-466 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): antitumour agents ; balanol ; enzyme inhibitor ; natural product ; total synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The total synthesis of balanol, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor isolated from the fungus Verticillium balanoides, is described. The hexahydroazepine fragment was prepared from D-serine through a sequence of reactions including the diastereoselective allylboration of a derived amino aldehyde and a base-induced 7-exo-tet ring closure as key steps. The benzophenone fragment was secured through the initial coupling of the two functionalised aromatic components through an ester linkage, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic attack of an aryl lithium derivative to form the desired ketone bridge. After coupling of the two balanol domains, the adoption of benzylderived protecting groups for the latent functionalities then allowed the liberation of balanol in a single step by catalytic hydrogenolysis. Finally, the newly developed synthetic strategy was applied to the synthesis of a variety of designed balanol analogues for biological evaluation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): carbonyl ligands ; organometallic compounds ; phosphorus ligands ; tantalum compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reduction of [TaCl5] by six equivalents of alkali metal naphthalenide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane at -60°C followed by treatment with gaseous PF3 provides the first homoleptic phosphane complex containing tantalum in the -1 oxidation state, [Ta(PF3)6]-. This can be protonated by concentrated sulfuric acid to yield the previously unknown highly acidic and volatile hydride [HTa(PF3)6]. An improved normal-pressure synthesis of [Ta(CO)6]- is described. Reduction of the latter species by sodium in liquid ammonia gives the carbonyl trianion [Ta(CO)5]3- which undergoes monoprotonation and stannylation to form [HTa(CO)5]2- and [Ph3SnTa(CO)5]2-, respectively. The hydride is a useful precursor to [(Ph3PAu)3Ta(CO)5], the only known gold cluster of tantalum.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): dinitrogen complexes ; EPR spectroscopy ; iron compounds ; reductions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reduction of [Fe(CO)2-L2X2] (L = P(OMe)3 X = Br (1a), I (1b); L = P(OiPr)3, X = Br (2a), I (2b); L = PEt3, X = Br (3a), I (3b)) with Zn in dioxane (1a,b-2a,b) or PhLi in ether (3a,b) led to formation of the corresponding dicarbonyl(halo)bis(phosphorus donor)iron(I) complexes (L = P(OMe)3, X = Br (4a), I (4b); L = P(OiPr)3, X = Br (5a), I (5b); L = PEt3, X = Br (6a), I (6b)). Slightly contaminated 5a,b and pure 6a,b were isolated as stable crystalline blue or blue-green complexes. Complexes 4a,b were obtained, with only minor impurities, by comproportionation of 1a,b and the dicarbonyl(halo)bis-(trimethylphosphite)ferrate anions 7a,b and characterized in THF solution. The comproportionation products 5a,b-6a,b were obtained in high yields by reaction of 2a,b-3a,b with the dinitrogen complexes 13-15. Further reduction of 4a,b-6a,b or exhaustive reduction of 1a,b-3a,b with sodium amalgam or iBuLi in THF afforded the nonisolable dicarbonyl-(halo)bis(phosphorus donor)ferrate(o) anions (7a,b-9a,b). The latter were characterized by acidification with trifluoroacetic acid or acetic acid yielding stable dicarbonyl (halo) hydridobis (phosphorus donor)iron(II) complexes (L = P(OMe)3, X = Br (10a), I (10b); L = P(OiPr)3, X = Br (11a), I (11b);L = PEt3, X = Br (12a), I (12b)). In the presence of N2, 8a was transformed into dinitrogen complex [Fe(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}2N2] (13). With 9a,b the reaction led to formation of [Fe-(CO)2(PEt3)2)2N2] (14) and [{Fe(CO)2-(PEt3)2}2(μ-N2)] (15). In solution at low temperature (-90 to 0°C), the dinitrogen complexes 14 and 15 are in equilibrium with each other. Complexes 13, 14, and 15 were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P, and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 5a, 6b, 14, and 15 were determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): chelate ligands ; hydrogen bonds ; ligand design ; mass spectrometry ; stability constants ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A series of compounds containing the mononuclear complexes [M(tdci)2]3+ (tdci = 1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(dimethylamino)-cis-inositol, M = Al, Fe, Ga, In) and [M(tdci)2]4+ (M = Ti, Ge, Sn) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and FAB mass spectrometry. Characteristic fragmentation reactions in the mass spectra were elucidated. X-ray analysis of the AlIII, FeIII, GaIII, and InIII complexes revealed that two neutral, zwitterionic tdci ligands coordinate to the metal cation exclusively through deprotonated alkoxo groups. The six coordinated oxygen donors and the six N—H protons form a hydrophilic pocket, whereas the two cyclohexane rings and the twelve methyl groups form two hydrophobic shells. The hydrophilic pocket is filled with twelve water molecules, which are arranged as a second and a third coordination sphere around the metal cation. The reactivity in aqueous solution was investigated by potentiometric measurements. The bis complexes proved to be stable at pH 7. The evaluated formation constants show an increase of stability in the order AlIII〈InIII〈GaIII〈FeIII. The measurements established that tdci is one of the most effective tridentate ligands for small (r ≤ 0.8Å) and highly charged cations. The different chelating properties of tdci and of the unmethylated 1,3,5-triamino- 1,3,5-trideoxy-cis-inositol are discussed in terms of different steric requirements and different types of solvation of the corresponding complexes in aqueous solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 619-624 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): alkenes ; carbenoids ; carbolithiations ; cyclopropanations ; mechanistic studies ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The stereochemical course of the intramolecular carbenoid cyclopropanation reaction has been studied for the epimeric carbenoids 12a and 12b. In these reactions the tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy substituent serves as an internal stereochemical reference point. It was found that 12b cyclizes rapidly at -110°C in a complexation-assisted concerted process to give the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 16. The diastereomer 12a cyclizes more slowly at -100°C to give both 16 and 17; the former is probably formed by a complexation-assisted carbolithiation pathway.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): conjugation ; connectivity ; electronic coupling ; metalloporphyrins ; photosynthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new method for the regulation of the photophysical properties of highly conjugated porphyrin arrays is described. The absorptive and emissive signatures of such supramolecular structures can be modulated to an impressive degree by regulation of: i) the extent of the steric interactions that define the barrier to rotation about the conjugated bridge between the porphyrin chromophores, and ii) the magnitude of ground state chromophore-chromophore electronic communication within the supermolecule. The power of this approach is illustrated by the straightforward synthesis as well as the electronic and emission spectra of eight different porphyrin arrays in which (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(11) and (10,20-diphenylporphinato)zinc(11) complexes are joined by ethyne or butadiyne groups. The points of connectivity of these bridges between the chromophoric building blocks are systematically varied to produce a series of supramolecular structures with meso-to-meso, meso-to-β, or β-to-β linkage topologies. These variations allow excellent control of the ground- and excited-state characteristics of the arrays in the series by regulating the degree of both excitonic and electronic porphyrin-to-porphyrin coupling. Our approach shows the precision with which photophysical properties can be engineered in appropriately designed supramolecular systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 312-317 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): aggregates ; asymmetric syntheses ; stereochemistry ; sulfoximines ; zinc enolates ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The preparation, structural characterization, and reactivity of ethylzinc-containing enolates and organometallics derived from β-carbonyl sulfoximines are reported. X-ray crystal structures show significant differences between aggregated species obtained from β-keto and β-amido sulfoximines. Whereas the former gives an O-metalated ethylzinc enolate, the latter crystallizes as C-metalated carbonyl species. NMR investigations reveal the presence of chelated zinc enolates in solution. The relationship between structure and reactivity is demonstrated by the reaction profiles of the ethylzinc-containing compounds. A high diastereoselectivity (〉 90% de) was observed in the aldol reaction between the metalated β-amido sulfoximine and benzaldehyde in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 389-393 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): crystal structure ; differential thermal analysis ; nitrogen oxides ; phase transitions ; twinning ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Mixtures of N2O3 and N2O4 have been prepared from measured volumes of NO and O2. Phase relationships in the system N2O3/N2O4, which depend on the composition of the samples and on the temperature, were studied by the Guinier technique and differential thermal analysis. Single crystals of phases A and B of N2O3 were grown in situ on a diffractometer and studied at temperatures between -107 and -170°C by X-ray diffraction. The structure analysis of A-N2O3 (tetragonal, space group I41/a, T = -170°C, a = 1625.57 (16), c = 880.49(13) pm, Z = 32, R1 = 0.051 for 1030 unique reflections) is hampered by twinning and additional disorder of one of two crystallographically independent molecules. B-N2O3 is nicely ordered with one molecule in the asymmetric unit (orthorhombic, space group P212121, T = -160°C, a = 506.86(4), b = 647.96(5), c = 863.26(6) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.023 for 1352 unique reflections). The most interesting features of the N2O3 molecule are its planarity and the extraordinarily long N—N bond (189.0(1) pm).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): cobalt compounds ; cyclopentadienyl ligands ; metallocenes ; peralkylations ; rhodium compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The acidity of methyl protons in the 18-electron cationic complexes [MCp*Cp]1PF6- and [MCp2*]+PF6- (M = Co or Rh, Cp = η5-C5H5, Cp* = η5- C5Me5) has been used for novel syntheses of starburst organometallic complexes. [CoCp*Cp]+PF6- was deprotonated at -30 °C with Si2Me6NK (1 equiv) in THF to give the fulvene complex [CoICp(η4-C5Me4CH2)]. This was not stable at 20°C, but was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR at -30 °C. The complexes [MCp*Cp]+PF6- (M = Co or Rh) reacted with excess base (KOH or tBuOK) and alkyl halides (RX = CH3I, C2H5I, CH2=CHCH2Br, or PhCH2Br) to give decasubstituted complexes (i.e., two hydrogens of each methyl group are replaced by two R groups). Distinct endo and exo alkyl groups are observed in the new complexes by NMR at room temperature. Coalescence occurs at higher temperatures; this indicates that the bulky alkyl groups are rotating. The calculated activation parameters (ΔG≠) are 71.3±0.8, 70.3±0.8, and 81.0±0.8 kJmol-1 for [Co(C5iPr5)Cp]+PF6-, [Rh(C5iPr5)-Cp]+PF6- (in C6D5NO2), and [Co{C5-(CHEt2)5}Cp]+PF6 (in o-C6H4Cl2), respectively. The single directionality of these ligands is confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of [Co(C5iPr5)Cp]+PF6. This structure clearly shows the “paddle wheel” conformation adopted in the C5iPr5 ligand, due to steric hindrance between adjacent isopropyl groups and the staggered conformation of the two rings. The relative E° values measured by cyclic voltammetry show that the electron-donating properties of the new C5(CHR2)5 ligand are between those of C5H5 and C5Me5- With the decamethylcobalticinium salt [CoCp2*]+PF6-, the permethylation reactions with base and CH3 I did not go to completion, even under forcing conditions and with repeated reaction (the maximum number of methyl groups introduced was 14). On the other hand, [RhCp2*]+PF6-, in which the distance between rings is larger than in the Co analogue, reacted with excess KOH and CH3I to give [Rh(C5iPr5)2]+PF6 in 55% yield; only one diastereoisomer was detected by NMR (ΔG≠ = 85.5±0.8 kJ mol-1 in C6D5NO2). The C5iPr5 sandwich complexes are extremely robust, even at the 19-electron (CoII) stage. The 20-electron K+ salt of the CoI anion was regiospecifically protonated by H2O at the Cp ligand to give [Co(C5iPr5)(η4-C5H6)] and was decomplexed at 190°C to K+(C5iPr5)-.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 449-453 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): computer chemistry ; databases indexing ; reaction organization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A logical system is presented to describe organic reactions. It is based on the net structural change in a reaction, rather than on substructure searching. This system rigorously provides a place for any reaction. It is very simple to use by hand, but, since it is also numerical, it provides a basis for organizing and retrieving reactions in a database by computer. The effectiveness of a program, COGNOS, written to implement and test the system on a large database, lends confidence in this logic for organizing reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. cpi 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 467-494 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): asymmetric ; syntheses ; enzyme inhibitors ; squalestatins ; total syntheses ; zaragozic acids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A novel synthetic approach to the construction of the zaragozic acids, which was used for the asymmetric synthesis of zaragozic acid A/squalestatin S1 (1), is described. Fragment 5, representing the tricarboxylic acid core portion, is assembled in three key steps: 1) Stille coupling to establish the carbon framework; 2) enantioselective dihydroxylation to introduce the absolute stereochemistry; and 3) diastereoselective dihydroxylation to complete the required carbon-oxygen connectivity. The convergency of this synthesis is demonstrated by the dithiane addition of a variety of C 1 side chains (e.g., 78) to advanced intermediate 5. A multi-event acid-catalyzed rearrangement yielded the zaragozic acid core 86, which was converted to an intermediate obtained from degradation of zaragozic acid A. A second-generation synthesis of the core of the zaragozic acids is also described. When aldehyde 90 was used instead of 5, both the yield and diastereoselectivity of the dithiane addition reaction were improved, although the degree of convergency was slightly lower.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): amino alcohols ; asymmetric syntheses ; chiral auxiliaries ; enantiomeric resolution ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Optically active tert-leucinol is an important building block in asymmetric synthesis. However, the (R) enantiomer particularly has so far remained difficult to obtain, mainly because of the laborious synthesis of the precursor amino acid, (R)-tert-leucine. Here we present a new, classical resolution of racemic tert-leucinol, which allows straightforward preparation of each, but especially the (R) enantiomer, in good yields and high optical purities. The feasibility of the synthesis of useful derivatives is demonstrated by transformation into the corresponding (R)-4-tert-butyl-2-oxazolidinone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): aniline ; aromatization ; hydrogen transfer ; mechanistic studies ; radicals ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Nitro-, nitroso- and azobenzene are reduced almost quantitatively to aniline when heated to 230-300°C with 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA), xanthene or tetralin. From the effect of polar substituents and polar solvents on the reactivity and from the isotope effect kH/kD ≍ 2.4 (280°C), a hydrogen-atom transfer from the H donor to the acceptor (retrodisproportionation) is proposed as the rate-determining step. The lower reactivity of xanthene compared with 9,10-dihydroanthracene eliminates the possibility of a rate-determining hydride transfer. The observation of an intense ESR signal of 9-xanthyl radicals during the reaction in diphenyl ether and the typical products support the proposed homolytic mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. cpi 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 568-572 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): allylic substrates ; amidinomycin ; asymmetric syntheses ; carbanucleosides ; palladium catalysts ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The amino acid derivative in the title represents an important building block for the synthesis of a number of biologically important targets such as the antiviral carbanucleosides and amidinomycin. By using asymmetric palladium-catalyzed desymmetrization of meso-2-ene-1,4-diols, cis-1,4-dibenzoyloxy-2-cyclopentene can be converted to the enantiomerically pure title compound in only four steps. Chemoselective ester reduction allows entry into the domain of carbanucleosides, whereas double-bond reduction provides the precursor for amidinomycin. In an ancillary study, a facile diastereoselective cis-hydroxylation provides aminocyclopentitols, compounds that have proven to be potent glycosidase inhibitors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): gas-phase chemistry ; mass spectrometry ; periodic trends ; peroxides ; transition-metal ions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The bimolecular gas-phase reactions of d-block transition-metal cations M+ with dimethyl peroxide were screened by means of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The rich chemistry can be classified into four types of reactions: i) Oxygen-atom transfer to generate MO+, ii) elimination of radicals, mostly CH3O·, iii) intramolecular redox reaction of dimethyl peroxide to form CH3OH, CH2O and CO, and iv) charge transfer from the metal cation to produce CH3OOCH3+. Some general trends became apparent from this study. For example, the “early” transition metals almost exclusively induce oxygen transfer to generate MO+, in line with the notoriously high oxophilicities of these metals, and electron transfer is only observed for Zn+ and Hg+. Both the radical loss and the disproportionation reaction emerge from a rovibrationally highly excited insertion intermediate (CH3O)2M+, and for the first-row metals the branching ratio of the competing processes seems to be affected by the M+—OR bond strengths as well as the electronic groundstate configurations of M+. For the 4d and 5d cations Ru+—Ag+ and Pt+—Au+, respectively, products resulting from intramolecular redox reactions dominate; this probably reflects the higher propensity of these metal ions to facilitate β-hydrogen atom shifts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): copper compounds ; exchange coupling ; heterometallic compounds ; lanthanide compounds ; magnetic properties ; structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis and structural characterisation of three copper-lanthanoid complexes are reported. The compounds, of general formula [Cu3M(chp)8(NO3)(S)] [M = Gd, S = H2O in 2; M = Dy, S = H2O in 3; M = Er, S = (H2O)0.5(MeOH)0.5 in 4; chp = anion of 6-chloro-2-pyridone], are made by reaction of [Cu2(chp)4] (1) with the hydrated lanthanoid nitrate salt in methanol. Structural studies reveal the three copper atoms lie in an approximate hemisphere about a central lanthanoid atom. Magnetic studies on 2 and two further Cu-Gd complexes show ferromagnetic coupling between the 3d and 4f metals. Consideration of these results along with magnetic data previously reported for Cu-Gd compounds leads to a correlation between the magnitude of this exchange coupling and the exponential of the Cu…Gd distance. This is the first magneto-structural correlation reported for mixed d-block/f-block metal complexes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): chelate ligands ; coordination ; hydrogen bonds ; ligand fields ; polymers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The 1- and 2-D coordination polymers [Mn{HB(C2H2N3)3}2(H2O)2].4H2O (11) and [Ni{H2B(CHN4)2}2-(NH3)2] (13), respectively, and the chelate complex [Ni{H2B(C2H2N3)2}2(H2O)2] · 2H2O (12) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The compounds contain ambidentate poly(azolyl)borato ligands (azolyl = triazolyl or tetrazolyl), which can chelate or bridge metal centers. The metal-ligand structures in 11-13 differ from the known coordination modes of the poly(azolyl)borates towards other metal centers. We describe how a change in the metal and/or the conditions of crystallization affects the ligand-field stabilization energy and favors one type of nitrogen donor atom over the other for the poly(triazolyl)borato ligands. The crystal structures of 11 and 12 contain additional water of crystallization; this leads to hydrogen-bonded solvent substructures. In the case of the bis(triazolyl)borato ligands. The crystal structures of 11 and 12 contain additional water of crystallization; this leads to hydrogen-bonded solvent substructures. In the case of the bis(tetrazolyl)borato ligand the water substructure is shown to function as a “reinforcing bar” that symmetrizes the metal-ligand grid sheet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): exchange coupling ; ferromagnetic properties ; ligand design ; magnetic properties ; multimetallic complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An approach is suggested for using ligands to control exchange coupling in multinuclear ions. The idea arose from structural, EPR, and magnetic studies of [PPh4]3 (Scheme 1). Ferromagnetic coupling has been found between the CoII and each CoIII in 3 with J = -22 ± 5 cm-1 (JS1 · S2). It is suggested that dominant antiferromagnetic superexchange is absent because of the strong σ-donor capacity of the tetradentate ligand [k4-PAC*]4- (Fig. 1). The ligand interacts at CoIII primarily with a single d orbital; it is thus best able to participate in superexchange. The interaction makes the unique d orbital strongly σ-antibonding and empty for each d6, S = 1, CoIII ion in 3, that is, unavailable for antiferromagnetic coupling, but available for ferromagnetic pathways by a Goodenough-Kanamori mechanism. By corollary, when any [k4-PAC*]4--type ligand with any magnetic ion Ma in the tetradentate site binds any magnetic ion Mb in the bidentate site, ferromagnetic coupling should be favored provided Ma is not a d9 ion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): biphenyls ; bipyridinium salts ; conformation ; semiempirical calculations ; structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Oxidation of substituted N-aminopyridinium compounds yields bipyridinium salts. After anion exchange Br- → CIO4-, it was possible to grow single crystals from the 4,4′-di(tert-butyl) derivative. The structure determined at 100 K shows a dihedral angle of 84° between the molecular halves connected by a shortened N—N bond of 143 pm in length. This result is contrary to that expected from the isoelectronic correspondence 〉C—C〈↔〉N—N〈, which would suggest planarity, as has been observed experimentally both in solid biphenyl, and in tetraalkylhydrazine dications and radical cations. Lattice packing analysis, however, reveals the presence of hydrogen bonds C(H)…O between the phenyl rings and the perchlorate anions. AM 1 enthalpy hypersurface calculations for the isoelectronic series H5C5X-YC5H5 (X-Y = C—C, +N—C, +N—N+, -B—N+, B—C, and B—B-) predict single-minimum potentials for both the dication 〉N—N〈 as well as the dianion 〉B—B〈 with the molecular halves twisted perpendicular to each other. In detailed model calculations, counteracting effects of π electron density delocalization vs. H/H repulsion of the ortho ring hydrogens adjacent to the central bond seem to dictate the delicate balance of the biphenyl twisting. For further experimental confirmation, the structure of the isosteric molecule 4,4′-di(tert-butyl)biphenyl has been determined: in contrast to the unsubstituted π hydrocarbon with a latticeenforced dihedral angle of 0°, close to the calculated value, the two molecular halves are twisted by 40° - as in biphenyl in the gas phase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): chelate ligands ; dioxygen activation ; EPR spectroscopy ; redox systems ; SQUID ; zeolites ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Intrazeolitic transition metals, such as Ni2+ and Co2+, were chelated by open or closed, tetra- or pentadentate polyamine ligands. Their coordination and redox chemistry was studied by IR-Raman, EPR, diffuse reflectance, and magnetic techniques. For pseudo-octahedral complexes with tetradentate ligands, the presence of the zeolite favors cis coordination over the trans form. This is explained by the very low tendency of the zeolite surface to bind as a monodentate ligand to a planar metal complex. However, if trans complexes are formed (as with Ni2+), the axial positions on the complex are available for ligand exchange. Such intracrystalline complex syntheses result in the formation of new redox solids. For example, [CoII-(cyclam)]2+-NaY (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) is a reversible, high-affinity (p1/2〈1 mbar) and high-capacity (〉90 μmol g-1) dioxygen-sorbing material.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): chiral mesophases ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; liquid crystals ; phthalocyanines ; supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The structure and physical properties of optically active, metal-free 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa (S-3,7-dimethyloctoxy)phthalocyanine ((S)-Pc(8,2)) are reported and compared with those of the phthalocyanine with (R,S) side chains (mixture of 43 stereoisomers). Unlike the latter compound, (S)-Pc(8,2) lacks a crystalline phase. A freshly prepared sample is in a distorted mesophase and reorganizes irreversibly to a more ordered phase above 65 °C. X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism studies indicate that the molecules are stacked in columns which have a hexagonal arrangement and a left-handed helical superstructure, that is, a novel chiral Dh* mesophase. Solid state NMR measurements reveal that the phthalocyanine units in the columns begin to vibrate laterally when the temperature is increased. At 111 °C (Dh* → Dr transition) they start to rotate around their columnar axes and at the same time the side chains become liquidlike. Energy migration is very efficient in the chiral Dh* phase and also in the frozen mesophase below 3 °C, as follows from luminescence spectroscopy. Intracolumnar charge transport, studied by the time-resolved microwave conductivity technique, turns out to be slower in the helically distorted columns than in linear columns. (S)-Pc(8,2) forms a very stable bilayer at the air-water interface, which can be transferred to give a high quality Langmuir-Blodgett film. The fact that this phthalocyanine is mesogenic at room temperature is thought to be responsible for this behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 199-203 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): benzyl ligands ; catalysis ; chromium compounds ; ferromagnetic coupling ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaction of [{Cp*Cr(μ-Cl)}2] with benzyllithium yielded [{Cp*Cr-(μ-Bz)}2] (1), a CrII alkyl complex with bridging benzyl groups and a Cr—Cr bond, which rearranged at room temperature to [Cp*Cr(η1-Bz)(μ-η3:η6-Bz)CrCp*] (2), a mixed valent (CrI/CrIII) complex with a benzyl ligand coordinating as an η6-arene ligand to one chromium and as an η3-allyl ligand to the other one. Upon heating, 2 reductively eliminated bibenzyl and yielded [(Cp*Cr)2(μ-η6:η6-Bz-Bz)] (3), in which two 17-electron sandwich complexes are linked by an ethano bridge. The crystal structures of 2 and 3 have been determined. Magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization measurements showed 2 to be ferromagnetically coupled (ground state S = 2, J = + 23(1) cm-1). Of the three isomers, only 2 catalyzed the polymerization of ethylene, presumably because it contains a CrIII alkyl.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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