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  • 1960-1964  (12)
  • 1920-1924
  • Fibers  (8)
  • Heterocycles  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 460-470 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heat resistance ; Fibers ; Polymers ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This survey is principally concerned with papers published since 1959 on hydrocarbon polymers, aliphatic poly(terephthalamide) fibers, poly(hydroxybenzoic acid) films, poly(oxadiazole) fibers, poly(benzimidazole) films, poly(phenyltriazole) films, poly(pyromellitimide) films, and fibers from cyclized poly(acrylonitrile). All these materials have extremely high melting points and satisfactory in-use characteristics at high temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 333-341 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Strained molecules ; Heterocycles ; Diaziridines ; Diazirines ; Oxaziranes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since their discovery five years ago, the diaziridines have become an extensive and easily accessible class of compounds. Hydrolysis of these compounds effects a simple synthesis of hydrazine, alkylhydrazines, and N,N′-dialkylhydrazines. They are also powerful oxidizing agents. The rigidity of the three-membered ring gives rise to a few stereoelectronic peculiarities. Investigations on the mechanism of formation of the three-membered rings led to a new synthesis of oxaziranes and to discovery of the isomeric oximes with a three-membered ring structure. The latter decompose readily to form diimide. Diazirines are cyclic isomers of the aliphatic diazo compounds and are surprisingly easy to obtain by dehydrogenation of suitable diaziridines; they are chemically much more stable than the linear isomers. Grignard reagents add onto the N=N double bond without destruction of the three-membered ring. Thermal decomposition yields carbenes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 565-598 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Dipolar cycloaddition ; Cycloaddition ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to the very large number of special methods applicable to syntheses in the heterocyclic series, relatively few general methods are available. The 1,3-dipolar addition offers a remarkably wide range of utility in the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Here the “1,3-dipole”, which can only be represented by zwitterionic octet resonance structures, combines in a cycloaddition with a multiple bond system - the “dipolarophile” - to form an uncharged five-membered ring. Although numerous individual examples of this reaction were known, some even back in the nineteenth century, fruitful development of this synthetic principle has been achieved only in recent years.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Dipolar cycloaddition ; Cycloaddition ; Heterocycles ; Reaction mechanisms ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Criteria for the mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions which lead to 5-membered rings are provided by the stereoselectivity observed with cis-trans isomeric dipolarophiles, by the effect of solvent and substituents on the rate constants, by the activation parameters, and by orientation phenomena. A concerted addition, which can also be described in terms of molecular orbitals and in which the two new σ-bonds are formed simultaneously, although not necessarily at equal rates, offers the best explanation of the experimental facts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 410-420 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Oligomers ; Pleionomers ; Polymers ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The term “oligomer” is defined, and a survey of methods for the isolation and synthesis of cyclic and linear oligoesters, oligourethanes, oligo(acrylonitriles), and oligoamides is presented. The oligomers serve a valuable function as model substances for the investigation of many properties of the corresponding high polymers. This is shown using several examples (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, viscosity).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 459-476 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aminoguanidine ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Due to its unique structure, aminoguanidine is capable of reacting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamidine. Addition and condensation reactions yield products which can be cyclized to heterocyclic compounds. Frequently, heterocyclics are directly accessible from aminoguanidine in one stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Elastomers ; Fibers ; Polyurethanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly elastic polyurethanes suitable for fiber production can be obtained by various synthetic routes based on diisocyanate polyaddition processes. Macrodiisocyanates obtained from long chain diols and diisocyanates are allowed to react with polyamines during fiber formation (chemical spinning process) or the macrodiisocyanates are treated in solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide) with polyamines to give highly viscous, spinnable solutions of polymer. Both methods yield highly elastic polymers with wide-mesh network structures. The production of polyurethane fibers and their structures and physical properties are described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Copolymers ; Fibers ; Vinylidenedicarbonitrile ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyldendicarbonitrile (Vinylidene cyanide) on free redical catalyzed copolymerization shows a much stronger tendency to form 1:1 alternating copolymers than acrylonitrile. While bulk poly(vinylidene cyanide) fails to crystallize, despite its molecular symmetry, several alternating copolymers are readily crystallizable, notably those containing butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, or vinylidene chloride. Fibers have been prepared from a number of the higher melting copolymers and examined for physical properties. Fibers from the vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers show expectional elastic behavior both when dry and wet. The fiber from the vinylidene cyanide |vinyl acetate alternating copolymer (Darvan® nytril fiber) is only moderately oriented and is characterized by exceptional softness and excellent elastic recovery and resilience, both when dry and wet.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyrrolidone ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Lactams ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The industrial production of capryllactam (1-azacyclononan-2-one) and of laurolactam (1-azacyclotridecan-2-one) starts with cyclization of acetylene or butadeine to give cyclooctatetraene or cyclooctadiene, or cyclization of butadiene to give cyclododecatriene. Further steps are: oxidation of the cyclic hydrocarbon to the ketone, formation of the oxime, and rearrangement of the latter with sulfuric acid. Pyrrolidone can be prepared from acetylene and formaldehyde by way of butyrolactone. The behavior of the lactams during polycondensation is described and the properties of the resulting fibers are compared with those of the known polyamide fibers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Lactams ; Polymerization ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Lactams can be prepared by cyclization of β-aimno acid esters. Recently they have become available also from olefins by addition of N-carbonysulfamyl chloride (isocyanatosulfonyl chloride) and from aldehydes by reaction with N-carbonylsulfamyl chloride and ketene. Condensative or anionic polymerization results in polyamides the chains of which contain many more amide groups than the chains of polyamides of the nylon-6 type. Hence the new polymers resemble silk moreclosely. Fibers and films can be prepared from solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Long periods ; Polyethylene ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Meridional reflections appearing in small-angle X-ray diffraction diagrams of drawn polyethylene are caused by a nearly periodic arrangement of crystalline and disordered regions. The long period, which is determined by the average distance between two consecutive crystallites, depends on the method of preparing the sample. The time and temperature dependences of the positions of the small-angle reflections have been investigated. The growth of the long period of unoriented bulk polyethlene and polyethylene single crystal follows the same time dependence as that of stretched films. However, characteristic differences were obseved in the relationship between density and long period; they are attributed to the fact that in single crystals and in material crystallized from the melt, the chains are folded at the boundaries of the crystallites, whereas this in not the case in stretched polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 532-537 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile ; Fibers ; Azatrimethinecyanines ; Dyes/Pigments ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Like all basic dyes, azatrimethinecyanines possess a good dyeing affinity for acrylic fibers. Compounds with isolated nitrogen atoms in the trimethine chain show insufficient light fastness, whereas good to excellent fastness to light is displayed by compounds having neighboring nitrogen atoms in the chain. Thus, a working hypothesis stating that the light fastness of trimethinecyanines on acrylic fibers is improved by progressive replacement of methine groups by nitrogen atoms has been partially confirmed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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