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  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1920-1924
  • ddc:080  (6)
  • ddc:510  (3)
  • English  (9)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This thesis deals with a Dial-a-Ride problem on trees and considers both offline and online versions of this problem. We study the behavior of certain algorithms on random instances, i.e. we do probabilistic analysis. The focus is on results describing the typical behavior of the algorithms, i.e. results holding with (asymptotically) high probability. For the offline version, we present a simplified proof of a result of Coja-Oghlan, Krumke und Nierhoff. The results states that some heuristic using a minimum spanning tree to approximate a Steiner tree gives optimal results with high probability. This explains why this heuristic produces optimal solutions quite often. In the second part, probabilistic online versions of the problem are introduced. We study the online strategies REPLAN and IGNORE. Regarding the IGNORE strategy we can show that it works almost optimal under high load with high probability.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: All-optical telecommunication networks allow for switching connections by lightpaths which can pass several network links without any opto-electronic conversion. Upon arrival of a connection request, it must be decided online, i.e., without knowledge of future requests, if it is accepted and in that case on which lightpaths the connection is routed. This online problem with the goal of maximizing the total profit gained by accepted requests is called Dynamic Singleclass Call Admission Problem (DSCA). We present existing and new algorithms for the DSCA as well as their theoretical and practical evaluation.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This diploma thesis deals with the restoration problem in telecommunication networks. The goal is to find a cost minimal capacity capacity assignment on the edges and nodes of a network such that given demands can be satisfied even in case of the failure of an edge or node in the network. Moreover, restrictions on the routing paths (like length restrictions) and hardware constraints have to be satisfied. A Mixed Integer Programming model is presented which takes into account restoration requirements as well as hardware constraints and which abstracts from a particular restoration protocol and failure situation. This abstraction provides new insight into the structure of the network restoration problem and shows that from a mathematical point of view, the commonly used restoration techniques Link Restoration, Path Restoration and Reservation are not as different as they seem to be from a practical point of view. In addition, our model allows (but is not limited to) optimizing working capacity, intended for normal use, and spare capacity, intended for rerouting purposes in case of a failure, in one step. Furthermore, our formulation of capacity cost allows taking into account the effects of discrete, non-linear cost structures which are common in practice. Up to our knowledge, no publication in the existing literature covers all these aspects, let alone in one model, although they are of major practical interest. The model has been implemented in a Branch and Cut framework. The theoretical background of the algorithmic procedure is presented in detail, including computational complexity investigations on the pricing problem. The abstraction from a particular restoration protocol turns out to be useful both from a theoretical and computational point of view. In fact, our investigations suggest a distinction into Local Restoration and Global Restoration rather than into Link Restoration,Path Restoration, Reservation and mixtures of these concepts. In addition to the theoretical aspects of the algorithmic procedure, some implementational details are briefly discussed. Our implementation has been tested on 14 real world instances, which is described in detail. One part of the computational results consists of a comparison of optimal network cost values using diffeent restoration mechanisms, applied to securing either all single node failures, all single edge failures or both. In addition, the effects of a discrete cost structure are investigated, which has rarely been considered yet in literature. Furthermore, the cost ifference between joint and successive working and spare capacity optimization is investigated. In the second part of the computational results, several heuristics for the network restoration problem are compared with respect to both solution quality and time. This diploma thesis deals with the restoration problem in telecommunication networks. The goal is to find a cost minimal capacity capacity assignment on the edges and nodes of a network such that given demands can be satisfied even in case of the failure of an edge or node in the network. Moreover, restrictions on the routing paths (like length restrictions) and hardware constraints have to be satisfied. A Mixed Integer Programming model is presented which takes into account restoration requirements as well as hardware constraints and which abstracts from a particular restoration protocol and failure situation. This abstraction provides new insight into the structure of the network restoration problem and shows that from a mathematical point of view, the commonly used restoration techniques Link Restoration, Path Restoration and Reservation are not as different as they seem to be from a practical point of view. In addition, our model allows (but is not limited to) optimizing working capacity, intended for normal use, and spare capacity, intended for rerouting purposes in case of a failure, in one step. Furthermore, our formulation of capacity cost allows taking into account the effects of discrete, non-linear cost structures which are common in practice. Up to our knowledge, no publication in the existing literature covers all these aspects, let alone in one model, although they are of major practical interest. The model has been implemented in a Branch and Cut framework. The theoretical background of the algorithmic procedure is presented in detail, including computational complexity investigations on the pricing problem. The abstraction from a particular restoration protocol turns out to be useful both from a theoretical and computational point of view. In fact, our investigations suggest a distinction into Local Restoration and Global Restoration rather than into Link Restoration, Path Restoration, Reservation and mixtures of these concepts. In addition to the theoretical aspects of the algorithmic procedure, some implementational details are briefly discussed. Our implementation has been tested on 14 real world instances, which is described in detail. One part of the computational results consists of a comparison of optimal network cost values using different restoration mechanisms, applied to securing either all single node failures, all single edge failures or both. In addition, the effects of a discrete cost structure are investigated, which has rarely been considered yet in literature. Furthermore, the cost difference between joint and successive working and spare capacity optimization is investigated. In the second part of the computational results, several heuristics for the network restoration problem are compared with respect to both solution quality and time.
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Als Cluster Analyse bezeichnet man den Prozess der Suche und Beschreibung von Gruppen (Clustern) von Objekten, so daß die Objekte innerhalb eines Clusters bezüglich eines gegebenen Maßes maximal homogen sind. Die Homogenität der Objekte hängt dabei direkt oder indirekt von den Ausprägungen ab, die sie für eine Anzahl festgelegter Attribute besitzen. Die Suche nach Clustern läßt sich somit als Optimierungsproblem auffassen, wobei die Anzahl der Cluster vorher bekannt sein muß. Wenn die Anzahl der Objekte und der Attribute groß ist, spricht man von komplexen, hoch-dimensionalen Cluster Problemen. In diesem Fall ist eine direkte Optimierung zu aufwendig, und man benötigt entweder heuristische Optimierungsverfahren oder Methoden zur Reduktion der Komplexität. In der Vergangenheit wurden in der Forschung fast ausschließlich Verfahren für geometrisch basierte Clusterprobleme entwickelt. Bei diesen Problemen lassen sich die Objekte als Punkte in einem von den Attributen aufgespannten metrischen Raum modellieren; das verwendete Homogenitätsmaß basiert auf der geometrischen Distanz der den Objekten zugeordneten Punkte. Insbesondere zur Bestimmung sogenannter metastabiler Cluster sind solche Verfahren aber offensichtlich nicht geeignet, da metastabile Cluster, die z.B. in der Konformationsanalyse von Biomolekülen von zentraler Bedeutung sind, nicht auf einer geometrischen, sondern einer dynamischen Ähnlichkeit beruhen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein allgemeines Clustermodell vorgeschlagen, das zur Modellierung geometrischer, wie auch dynamischer Clusterprobleme geeignet ist. Es wird eine Methode zur Komplexitätsreduktion von Clusterproblemen vorgestellt, die auf einer zuvor generierten Komprimierung der Objekte innerhalb des Datenraumes basiert. Dabei wird bewiesen, daß eine solche Reduktion die Clusterstruktur nicht zerstört, wenn die Komprimierung fein genug ist. Mittels selbstorganisierter neuronaler Netze lassen sich geeignete Komprimierungen berechnen. Um eine signifikante Komplexitätsreduktion ohne Zerstörung der Clusterstruktur zu erzielen, werden die genannten Methoden in ein mehrstufiges Verfahren eingebettet. Da neben der Identifizierung der Cluster auch deren effiziente Beschreibung notwendig ist, wird ferner eine spezielle Art der Komprimierung vorgestellt, der eine Boxdiskretisierung des Datenraumes zugrunde liegt. Diese ermöglicht die einfache Generierung von regelbasierten Clusterbeschreibungen. Für einen speziellen Typ von Homogenitätsfunktionen, die eine stochastische Eigenschaft besitzen, wird das mehrstufige Clusterverfahren um eine Perroncluster Analyse erweitert. Dadurch wird die Anzahl der Cluster, im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Verfahren, nicht mehr als Eingabeparameter benötigt. Mit dem entwickelten Clusterverfahren kann erstmalig eine computergestützte Konformationsanalyse großer, für die Praxis relevanter Biomoleküle durchgeführt werden. Am Beispiel des HIV Protease Inhibitors VX-478 wird dies detailliert beschrieben.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Mobile cellular communcication is a key technology in today's information age. Despite the continuing improvements in equipment design, interference is and will remain a limiting factor for the use of radio communication. This Ph. D. thesis investigates how to prevent interference to the largest possible extent when assigning the available frequencies to the base stations of a GSM cellular network. The topic is addressed from two directions: first, new algorithms are presented to compute "good" frequency assignments fast; second, a novel approach, based on semidef inite programming, is employed to provide lower bounds for the amount of unavoidable interference. The new methods proposed for automatic frequency planning are compared in terms of running times and effectiveness in computational experiments, where the planning instances are taken from practice. For most of the heuristics the running time behavior is adequate for inter active planning; at the same time, they provide reasonable assignments from a practical point of view (compared to the currently best known, but substantially slower planning methods). In fact, several of these methods are successfully applied by the German GSM network operator E-Plus. The currently best lower bounds on the amount of unavoidable (co-channel) interference are obtained from solving semidefinite programs These programs arise as nonpolyhedral relaxation of a minimum /c-parti tion problem on complete graphs. The success of this approach is made plausible by revealing structural relations between the feasible set of the semidefinite program and a polytope associated with an integer linear programming formulation of the minimum ^-partition problem. Comparable relations are not known to hold for any polynomial time solvable polyhedral relaxation of the minimum ^-partition problem. The appli cation described is one of the first of semidefinite programming for large industrial problems in combinatorial optimization.
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In der vorliegenden Dissertation untersuchen wir die Optimierung von ausfallsicheren Telekommunikationsnetzwerken. Wir präsentieren unterschiedliche gemischt-ganzzahlige Modelle für die diskrete Kapazitätsttruktu,, sowie für die Sicherung des Netzes gegen den Ausfall einzelner Komponenten. Die Modelle wurden in einer Kooperation mit der E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH verwendet. Die theoretischen Resultate wurden in Algorithmen umgesetzt und in das von uns entiickllte Netzwerksoptimierungswerkzeug Discnet (Dimensioning Survivable Capaiitated NETworks) integriert, welches seit mehreren Jahren in der Planung bei E-Plus eingesetzt wird. Wir betrachten das Transportnetzllanungsproblem eines Telekommunikationsanbieters. Dieses Problem setzt auf logischen Kommunikattonsanforerrungen zwischen den Standorten (Knoten) des zu planenden Netzes und potentiell inslallirrbaren Verbindungen (Kanten) zwischen derselben Knotenmenge auf. Ein Kapazitätsmodell stellt die Information bereit, welche Kapazitäten auf den potentiellen Kanten verfügbar sind. Wir betrachten zwei Modelle. Entweder ist eine explizite Liste der verfügbaren Kapazittten gegeben oder eine Menge von sogenannten Basiskapazitäten, die auf jeder Kante indiviuelll kombiniert werden können. Die Basiskapazitäten müßen paarweise ganzzahlige Vielfache voneinander sein. Man beachte, daß diese Eigenschaft von den internationalen Standards PDH und SDH erfüllt wiid. Ein Ausfallsicherheitsmodell stellt die Information bereit, wie das zu planende Netz gegen den Ausfall einzelner Netzkomponenten geschützt werden soll. Wir betrachten sinnvolle Kombinationen der Modelle Diversification, Reservation und Path Restoration. Das erste Modell garantiert Ausfallsicherheit durch kommunikationsbedarfsabhängige Beschränkung des Prozentsatzes, der durch einzelne Netzkomponenten geroutet werden darf. Bei den beiden anderen Modelle können Kommunikationsbedarfe bei Ausfall einer Netzkomponente auf unterschiedliche Weise neu geroutet werden. Ziel der Planung ist eine ktstenminimlle Kapatitätsentscheidung, die eine Routenllanung aller Kommunikationsbedarfe gemäß den Ausfallsicherheitsanforderungen ermöglicht. Wir entwickeln ein Schnittebenenverfahren zur Lösung der betrachteten Optimiergngsrrobleme. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir Polyeder, die mit den verschiedenen Problemen assoziiert sind. Wir präsentieren neue Klassen von Ungleichungen, entwickeln Separationsalgorithmen und Heuristiken. Mit dem Schnittebenenverfahren werden untere und obere Schranken für den Wert von Oitimallösungen berechnet, und daher ist es möglich, Qualitätsgarantien für die berechneten Löungen anzugeben. Parallel zur Beschreibung der implementierten Algorithmen präsentieren wir umfangreiche Tests mit praktisch relevanten Daten, die zu Problemen mit mehr als 2 Billionen Variablen führen.
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Keywords: ddc:080
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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