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  • 1955-1959  (8)
  • particle bombardment  (4)
  • somatic hybridization  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: crop improvement ; alien gene transfer ; progeny analysis ; somatic hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In recent years, the rapid development of somatic cell genetics has made possible the transfer of alien genes over wide taxonomic distances by somatic hybridization. In this review, the potential of somatic hybridization in the breeding of crops within the Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae is discussed. It is evident from these studies that many hybrids, either symmetric or asymmetric, which are fertile have the potential to be used as a bridge between the alien species and the crop. Progeny analysis of some hybrid combinations also reveals intergenomic translocations which may lead to the introgression of the alien genes. Furthermore, fusion techniques enable the resynthesis of allopolyploid crops to increase their genetic variability and to restore ploidy level and heterozygosity after breeding at reduced ploidy level in polyploid crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023951
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; crop species ; particle bombardment ; transgenic plants ; cereals ; legumes ; woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The limiting component in the creation of transgenic crops has been the lack of effective means to introduce foreign genes into elite germplasm. However, the development of novel direct DNA transfer methodology, by-passing limitations imposed by Agrobacterium-host specificity and cell culture constraints, has allowed the engineering of almost all major crops, including formerly recalcitrant cereals, legumes and woody species. The creation of transgenic rice, wheat, maize, barley, oat, soybean, phaseolus, peanut, poplar, spruce, cotton and others, in an efficient and in some cases, variety-independent fashion, is a significant step towards the routine application of recombinant DNA methodology to the improvement of most important agronomic crops. In this review we will focus on key elements and advantages of particle bombardment technology in order to evaluate its impact on the accelerated commercialization of products based on agricultural biotechnology and its utility in studying basic plant developmental processes and function through transgenesis. Fundamental differences between conventional gene transfer methods, utilizing Agrobacterium vectors or protoplast/suspension cultures, and particle bombardment will be discussed in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023926
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of cereal crop plants: a review (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cereals ; protoplast transformation ; tissue electroporation ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Many aspects of basic and applied problems in plant biology can be investigated by transformation techniques. In dicotyledonous species, the ability to generate transgenic plants provides the tools for an understanding of plant gene function and regulation as well as for the directed transfer of genes of agronomic interest. For many dicotyledonous plants Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be routinely used to introduce foreign DNA into their genome. However, cereals seem to be recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In cereals, many efforts have been made in recent years to establish reliable transformation techniques. Several transformation techniques have been developed but to date only three methods have been found to be suitable for obtaining transgenic cereals: transformation of totipotent protoplasts, particle bombardment of regenerable tissues and, more recently, tissue electroporation. The current state of transformation methods used for cereals will be reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023928
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; Hordeum vulgare ; neomycin phosphotransferase II ; particle bombardment ; transgenic barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T0). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T1 progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T0 spikes and 15 T1 offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T2 and T3 plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T1 and T2 plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T2 offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed. Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation studies in Hordeum vulgare using a highly regenerable microspore system (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; isolated microspores ; particle bombardment ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A highly regenerable, isolated microspore system for barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri, has been developed which is amenable to transformation studies using particle bombardment. The system allows DNA to be delivered to microspores at the single cell stage and both transient and stable transformation events have been demonstrated. The potential advantages of using isolated microspores as the target tissue in routine transformation systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023938
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lactuca (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca sativa ; Lactuca virosa ; Lactuca tatarica ; Lactuca perennis ; Iettuce ; sexual hybridization ; embryo rescue ; somatic hybridization ; protoplast fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various genes for disease resistance identified in wild Lactuca are difficult, even impossible to exploit in lettuce breeding, due to sexual incompatibility between L. sativa and wild Lactuca sp. We adapted two cellular biology techniques to overcome these interspecific barriers: in vitro embryo rescue and protoplast fusion. In vitro rescue of immature embryos was used successfully for sexual hybridization between L. sativa and L. virosa. Vigorous hybrid plants were produced between L. sativa and seven accessions of L. virosa. Protoplast fusion permitted the regeneration of somatic hybrids between L. sativa and either L. tatarica or L. perennis. Hybrids between L. sativa and L. tatarica were backcrossed to L. sativa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023957
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023958
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The integration of protoplast fusion-derived material into a potato breeding programme — a review of progress and problems (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 451-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; somatic hybridization ; regeneration ; asymmetric fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews investigations into the application of protoplast fusion to the genetic and agronomic improvement of potato. Fusion studies involving Solanum tuberosum are reviewed under the categories of: fusion with wild relatives, dihaploid fusion and asymmetric strategies. The selection and characterisation of putative somatic hybrid material is identified as a critical stage in the process and certain specific aspects of this technology are identified. Future prospects for the wider uptake and integration of these techniques into breeding programmes are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023979
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