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  • 2020-2022
  • 1960-1964  (20,531)
  • 1920-1924  (7,605)
  • Chemistry  (28,136)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 106-106 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 110-115 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 116-116 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 194-199 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 161-162 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 221-227 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on the influence of household detergents on metals, and of metals on household detergents. Third communication Metallographical investigations on the corrosivity of aluminium bronzesIn the second communication, the behaviour of aluminium bronzes in four different detergents was investigated. The test results gave rise to the conclusion that the corrosion rate differs depending on the condition of the structure.The investigations were carried out with AlBz 9, Aeterna AF 50, AlMBz 10 and Aeterna W II A.By means of heat treatment, a defined α + β- and α + γ2 structure was obtained. These specimens were then boiled in detergents for different periods of time, and the surface was photographed with an enlargement of 100 or 500 times.It was found that the corrosion caused by detergents is similar to the corrosion caused by a 10 per cent. ammonium persulphate solution. The α + γ2 structure shows a somewhat higher corrosion resistance than the α + β structure.
    Notes: In der 2. Mitteilung wurde das Verhalten von Al-Bronzen in 4 verschiedenen Waschmitteln untersucht. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen konnte geschlossen werden, daß je nach Gefügezustand die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit unterschiedlich groß ist. Untersucht wurden: AlBz 9, Aeterna AF 50, AlMBz 10 und Aeterna w II A.Durch Wärmebehandlung wurde definiertes α + β bzw. α + γ2-Gefüge erzielt. Diese Proben wurden dann in Waschmitteln verschiedene Zeiten gekocht und Oberflächenaufnahmen mit 100- und 500- facher Vergrößerung hergestellt.Es zeigte sich, daß der Ätzangriff durch Waschlaugen so verläuft wie der Ätzangriff durch 10%ige Ammoniumpersulfat-Lösung.Das α + γ2-Gefüge ist gegen den Waschmittelangriff etwas beständiger als das α + β-Gefüge.
    Additional Material: 38 Ill.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Control measurements on cathodically protected pipelinesThe most important control measurement for the cathodic protection of buried pipelines is the measurement of the pipel soil potential. On the strength of experimental and theoretical investigations, it is possible to indicate safe protection potentials at which the corrosion rate becomes practically insignificant. In applying the scientific results of electro-chemistry to cathodic protection in practice, problems may be encountered if phenomena are over-simplified or if local conditions are not sufficiently taken into account.Such practical problems are not so much concerned with measuring instruments and reference electrodes; they are more associated with the measuring methods subsequently described and with the fact that influence factors difficult to ascertain must be taken into account.The cathodic polarisation at the metal surface to be protected is composed of overtensions of a penetration and a diffusion type. In addition, there occurs a resistance polarisation which may be governed, on the one hand, by the ohmic voltage drop between pipe surface and reference electrode and, on the other hand, by poorly conducting coating or insulating layers. The latter usually cause, at the same time, a change in the diffusion type overtension. Since the resistance polarisation does not partake in the reaction kinetics, this influence must be eliminated in measuring the protection potential. Since the different types of polarisation have different type curves, it is possible to ascertain the separate partial reactions in accordance with the normal methods of electro-chemistry. By means of oscillographic recordings of potential/time curves, through calculation or with the aid of suitable measuring bridges, it is possible to eliminate the resistance polarisation or to determine the ohmic voltage drop in the electrolyte.
    Notes: Die wichtigste Kontrollmessung für den kathodischen Schutz erdverlegter Rohrleitungen ist die Messung des Rohr/Boden-Potentials. An Hand experimenteller und theoretischer Untersuchungen ist es möglich, sichere Schutzpotentiale anzugeben, bei denen die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit praktisch bedeutungslos wird. Bei der Anwendung wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse der Elektrochemie auf den kathodischen Schutz in der Praxis können Probleme auftreten, wenn Vorgänge zu stark vereinfacht und örtliche Gegebenheiten nicht genügend berücksichtigt werden.Solche praktischen Probleme liegen weniger bei Meßgeräten und Bezugselektroden, als bei den anschließend beschriebenen Meßverfahren und der Berücksichtigung schwer erfaßbarer Einflußgrößen. Die kathodische Polarisation an der Zu schützenden Metalloberfläche Setzt sich aus einer Durchtritts- und einer Diffusionsüberspannung zusammen. Ferner tritt eine Widerstandspolarisation auf, die einerseits durch den Ohmschen Spannungsabfall zwischen Rohroberfläche und Bezugselektrode, andererseits durch schlecht leitende Deck- oder Isolierschichten gegeben sein kann. Letztere verursachen meist gleichzeitig eine Änderung der Diffusionsüberspannung. Da die Widerstandspolarisation keinen Anteil an der Reaktionskinetik besitzt, muß ihr Einfluß bei der Schutzpotentialmessung eliminiert werden. Auf Grund eines zeitlich unterschiedlichen Verhaltens der Polarisationsarten gelingt die Aufspaltung der einzelnen Teilreaktionen nach den in der Elektrochemie üblichen Verfahren. Durch oszillographische Aufnahme won Potential-Zeitkurven, durch Rechnung oder mit geeigneten Meßbrücken kann die Widerstandspolarisation ausgeschaltet bzw. der Ohmsche Spannungsabfall im Elektrolyten ermittelt werden.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 114
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 237-237 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 115
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 238-242 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 199-200 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 200-200 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 125
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. VII 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 126
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 228-232 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On corrosion inhibitors III. Detection and properties of some protective films on iron produced with inhibitors in hydrochloric acidThe creation of a protective film by the inhibitor or one of its products is indicated by the following findings: 1If the inhibited wires are transferred into fresh hydrochloric acid free from inhibitor the protection effect remains.2The creation of the protective film, as a function of time, can be observed in the same test.3The protection effect of the inhibited wires is maintained or reduced (a) by treatment with different solvents and (b) by determining the thermal stability of the protective film.4The reduction in quaternary phosphonium and arsonium compounds observed on lead or mercury cathodes may provide a clue to the compounds taking part in the creation of the protective films.
    Notes: Für den Aufbau einer Schutzschicht durch den Inhibitor oder eines seiner Folgeprodukte sprechen folgende Befunde: 1Erhaltung der Schutzwerte nach Übertragung inhibierter Drähte in inhibitorfreie, frische Salzsäure.2Verfolgung des zeitlichen Aufbaus der Schutzschicht durch den gleichen Test.3Erhaltung oder Verringerung der Schutzwirkung der inhibierten Drähte (a) durch Behandlung mit verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln und (b) durch Bestimmung der thermischen Stabilität der Schutzschicht.4Der an Blei- bzw. Quecksilberkathoden beobachtete Abbau quaternärer Phosphonium- und Arsoniumsalze eröffnet möglicherweise einen Zugang zu den am Aufbau der Schutzschichten beteiligten Verbindungen.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 127
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 128
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. X 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 129
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 130
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 305-307 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion caused by dust and sootSoot and dust present in the atmosphere and in waste gases show great differences in quantity and composition. The corrosion damage, caused by them (and briefly discussed in the present paper) has correspondingly different characteristics which depend on the physical properties and chemical composition of these media.
    Notes: Ruß und Staub, die in der atmosphärischen Luft und in Abgasen in unterschiedlichen Mengen wie Beschaffenheit vorhanden sind, führen zu ebenso unterschiedlichen, von den physikalischen Eigenschaften und der chemischen Zusammensetzung dieser Medien abhängigen, kurz gekennzeichneten Korrosionsschäden.
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  • 131
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stainless steels for the motor car industryThe author reports on the use of stainless steels for ornamental parts of motor vehicles, on the basis of experience abroad, especially in America. Stainless chromium steels with 17 pC chromium or less are apt to fail under critical conditions, and should only be used for parts subjected to relatively low stresses. In contrast, much use can be made of chromium steels alloyed with molybdenum and chromenickel steels. German specifications have also led to the development of a chromemolybdenum steel (Material No. 1.4113) of a composition similar to that of the American steel AISI 434. The author discusses the composition and mechanical properties of the steels used in Germany for ornamental parts of motor cars.In a second part of the paper, a description is given of corrosion tests normally applied in Germany and in USA. The different tests also have certain drawbacks, which are indicated. A detailed comparison of the different testing methods, accompanied by test results, is intended to be the subject of a later communication.
    Notes: Es wird über die Verwendung nichtrostender Stähle für Kraftfahrzeugzierteile berichtet. Dabei wird von den Entwicklungen im Ausland und besonders den amerikanischen Erfahrungen ausgegangen. Nichtrostende Chromstähle mit 17% Cr oder weniger können unter kritischen Bedingungen versagen und sollten nur für geringer beanspruchte Teile gebraucht werden. Chromstähle mit Molybdänzusatz und Chrom-Nickel-Stähle sind dagegen weitgehend verwendbar. Die Abnahmebedingungen in Deutschland führten gleichfalls zur Entwicklung eines Chromstahls mit Molybdänzusatz (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4113), der in seiner Zusammensetzung dem amerikanischen Stahl AISI 434 gleicht. Es werden die Zusammensetzungen und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der in Deutschland für Zierteile gebräuchlichen Stähle genannt.In einem zweiten Teil werden Korrosionsprüfungen, wie sie in Deutschland und in USA üblich sind, beschrieben. Die verschiedenen Prüfungen weisen auch Nachteile auf, die angedeutet werden. Eine ausführliche Gegenüberstellung der einzelnen Prüfverfahren zusammen mit Versuchsergebnissen soll in einer späteren Mitteilung erfolgen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 132
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 300-305 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric corrosion of coated steelIn the first section reactions between steel and base-coat are interpreted as starting the corrosion. On the metal surface it is a matter of electrolytic reactions between anodic and cathodic parts, as well as chemical reactions caused by foreign substances on and in the surface. In the coating-film the decisive role is played by the permeability of atmospheric substances.The second section deals with fundamental corrosion reactions beneath the coating. Three stages of corrosion process are distinguished, beginning with the formation of ferro-ions and ending with the precipitation of ferric oxides. The water permeability of the primers is responsible for initiating the first stage.In the third section the most important means of inhibiting the corrosion process are discussed; among them are the choice of the optimal film-forming matter, the correct pigmentation (qualitatively and quantitatively), and, finally, the incorporation of effective inhibitors in the film.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil werden Reaktionen in der Grenzfläche zwischen Stahl und Anstrichfilm dargelegt, die den Rostprozeß in Gang setzen. Auf der Metallseite handelt es sich um elektrolytische Vorgänge zwischen anodischen und kathodischen Bereichen sowie chemische Reaktionen an verunreinigenden Fremdkörpern auf und in der Eisenoberfläche. Auf der Filmseite spielt die Durchlässigkeit für atmosphärische Bestandteile die entscheidende Rolle.Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit den grundlegenden Unterrostungsreaktionen beim gestrichenen Stahl. Drei Stufen des Rostprozesses werden unterstrichen, die mit der Bildung von Ferro-Ionen beginnen und mit der Ausfällung von Eisenoxyden enden. Die Permeabilität der Grundierungen für Wasser setzt die erste Stufe in Gang.Im dritten Teil sind die wichtigsten Eingriffsmöglichkeiten für die Hemmung des Rostvorganges zur Diskussion gestellt. Hierzu gehören die Wahl des optimalen Filmbildners für den gegebenen Fall, die korrekte Pigmentierung (qualitativ wie quantitativ) und der Einbau wirksamer Hemmstoffe in den Film.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 517-528 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 529-529 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 135
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  • 136
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 529-529 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 137
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 529-529 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 138
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 324-326 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 139
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 327-329 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 140
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 336-338 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 141
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 333-335 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 142
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 330-332 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 143
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 530-530 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 144
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 529-530 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 145
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 530-532 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 146
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 532-532 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 147
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 532-532 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 148
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. XVIII 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 149
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 150
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  • 151
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 152
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 346-346 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 153
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 346-347 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 347-347 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 155
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 347-347 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 157
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 347-347 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 158
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 563-568 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 159
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 573-577 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 160
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 555-562 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of lead and lead alloys in sulphuric acid solutionsLong-time corrosion tests have been carried out in sulphuric acid solutions of different concentration (up to 70 per cent.) and at different temperatures (up to boiling point), using specimens of fine lead, copper fine lead and different types of hard lead. The only noticeable, and noticeably different, corrosion rates were encountered at temperatures above 100% c.In the medium 'and high concentration range, fine lead and, to a lesser extent, even copper fine lead were increasingly affected by corrosion; in agreement with published data, the corrosion values especially of fine lead showed a marked scatter and some of them were extremely high. Hard lead with 1.5 to 6 percent. antimony was less affected by the highly concentrated acids; but low-alloyed hard lead, showed, a maximum corrosion, rate in diluted acid. The comparatively highest resistance was shown by hard lead with 6 percent. antimony which showed noticeable corrosion under the influence of the strongest acid only (70 percent. H2SO4). A particularly high resistance in this acid was shown by a copper hard lead (0.6 percent antimony).Boiling tests on a minor technical scale with steel pots with homogeneous internal lead coating revealed a surprisingly high corrosion resistance of the lead coating, which consisted of copper lead, even in 70 percent acid heated to 150° C; such resistance was not to be expected from the preceding tests and exceeded that encountered with hard lead (6 percnt. SB) A chemical analysis showed that copper lead coating must, during manufacture, have absorbed tin, and subsequent tests showed that a small admixture of tin results in quite a considerable increase in the corrosion resistance of the copper lead. An increased copper content, too, had a favourable effect but only in the strongest acid.Finally, a number of tests were carried out in order to ascertain the influence, on the corrosion performance of some types of lead, of an admixture of nitric acid to the sulphuric acid (70 percent.). In all cases, the admixture had the effect of reducing the corrosion rate, especially with copper lead.The conclusions to be drawn from the test results in regard to corrosion tests and work practice are discussed.
    Notes: Langzeit-Korrosionsversuche wurden in Schwefelsäurelösungen verschiedener Konzentration (bis 70 %) und Temperatur (bis Siedepunkt) an Proben aus Feinblei, Kupferfeinblei und verschiedenen Hartbleisorten durchgeführt. Dabei ergaben sich merkliche und unterschiedlich große Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten nur bei Temperaturen oberhalb 100° C.Feinblei und in geringerem Maß auch Kupferfeinblei wurden im mittleren und höheren Konzentrationsbereich zunehmend stärker korrodiert, wobei  -  in Übereinstimmung mit Literaturangaben  -  namentlich bei Feinblei stark streuende und z. T. außerordentlich hohe Korrosionswerte erhalten wurden. Hartblei mit 1,5 bis 6 % Sb wurde von den stärkeren Säuren weniger angegriffen, dagegen zeigte niedriglegiertes Hartblei ein Korrosionsmaximum in verdünnter Säure. Verhältnismäßig am beständigsten erwies sich Hartblei mit 6% Sb, das nur in der stärksten Säure (70 % H2SO4)merklich korrodiert wurde. In dieser war ein CU-Hartblei (0,6 % Sb) besonders beständig.Kleintechnische Kochversuche an innen homogenverbleiten Stahltöpfen ergaben ein überraschend gutes Korrosionsverhalten der aus Kupferblei bestehenden Verbleiung auch in 15O° C heißer 70°/oiger Säure das nach den vorhergehenden Versuchen nicht zu erwarten war und dasjenige der mit Hartblei (6% Sb) ausgekleideten Töpfe übertraf. Durch Analysen wurde festgestellt, daß die Kupferverbleiung offenbar bei der Herstellung Zinn aufgenommen hatte, und durch Versuche wurde gezeigt, daß ein geringer Zinngehalt die Beständigkeit des Kupferbleis ganz beträchtlich verbessert. Auch ein erhöhter Cu-Gehalt wirkte sich günstig aus, jedoch nur in der stärksten Säure.Schließlich wurde in einigen Versuchen der Einfluß eines Salpetersäurezusatzes zur Schwefelsäure (70%) auf das Korrosionsverhalten einiger Bleisorten geprüft. In allen Fällen verminderte er die Korrosion, besonders stark bei Kupferblei.Die aus den Versuchsergebnissen sich ergebenden Folgerungen für die Korrosionsprüfung und Betriebspraxis werden erörtert.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 569-572 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 162
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Some observations concerning the climate effect upon the atmospheric corrosion of metalsThe overall influence exercised upon the corrosion of metals by the climate is discussed and elucidated by experimental results collected on the corrosion of iron in several countries. The question is raised whether or not it is possible to forecast corrosion upon the basis of meteorologic data. The most important factors involved are the relative humidity of the air, the gaseous and solid contaminants in the atmosphere and - to a lesser degree - the temperature of the air. In practical work, particular attention should be paid to the microclimate, i.e. to all the physical factors encountered in the immediate neighbourhood of the metal being corroded. In addition to the three factors mentioned above, these physical factors include the shape and mass of the metal itself, its orientation in space with regard to the soil and to the cardinal points, the direction and the velocity of the attacking air and of currents in it. Some examples are given to illustrate the effect of these factors.
    Notes: Der allgemeine Einfluß des Klimas auf die Korrosion der Metalle wird erörtert und durch Versuchsergebnisse über die Korrosion des Eisens in mehreren Ländern illustriert. Die Frage, ob man die Korrosion auf Grund meteorologischer Beobachtungen vorhersagen kann, wird diskutiert. Die wichtigsten bestimmenden Faktoren sind die relative Feuchtigkeit der Luft und deren gasförmige und feste Verunreinigungen und, in geringerem Grade, die Lufttemperatur. In der Praxis soll man vor allem dem Mikroklima Beachtung schenken, d.h. den sämtlichen physikalischen Faktoren in der unmittelbaren Nähe des Korrosion erleidenden Metalls. Darunter kommen in Betracht: die Form und die Masse des Metalls selbst, seine Orientierung, sowohl in bezug auf den Boden als auf die Himmelsrichtung, und für die angreifende Atmosphäre die Richtung und die Geschwindigkeit der Luftströmungen, außer den drei schon oben erwähnten Faktoren. Es werden einige Beispiele für die Wirkung solcher Faktoren gegeben.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 371-373 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion protection in steel hydraulic engineeringA description is given of a course of lectures (No. 328) at Wuppertal Technical Academy.After a review of the objects to be protected in steel hydraulic engineering, the corrosion protection methods employed with Swiss steel hydraulic engineering works are described.The article deals with pretreatment through de-rusting and the problems associated with it, methods and means of coating, spray galvanisation in steel hydraulic engineering, zinc dust primers, thickness of the protective films, guarantees, air conditioning and acclimatisation with internal paints for piping, stresses encountered in the tidal zone, atmospheric risks during the execution of the work, and the internal preservation of turbines.
    Notes: Es wird ein Bericht über den Kursus 328 an der Technischen Akademie Wuppertal gegeben.Einer Übersicht über die im Stahlwasserbau zu schützenden Objektteile folgt eine Übersicht über bei schweizerischen Stahlwasserbauten angewandte Korrosions-schutzmethoden.Die Vorbehandlung durch Entrostung und die hiermit zusammenhängenden Fragen, die Anstrichverfahren und -mittel, Spritzverzinkung im Stahlwasserbau, Zinkstaubanstrichmittet, Schichtdicke der Schutzüberzuge, Gewährleistung, Luftkonditionierung und Klimatisierung bei Innenanstrichen von Rohrleitungen, Beanspruchung in der Wasserwechselzone, das Schlechtwetter-Risiko bei der Arbeitsausführung und die Turbinen-Innenkonservierung werden behandelt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 616-616 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 165
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  • 166
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  • 167
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 34-38 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric measurements made at 60 cycles per second over a temperature range of -40 to 200°C on small (0.2 g) samples arc most useful in studying acrylic polymers. Not only has this method elucidated structure, but the study of some structures has led to new interpretations emphasizing the value of this type of measurement. Data on a number of acrylic polymers are shown. Several copolymer systems are discussed. It is suggested that 60 c/s measurement of stereospecific PMMA samples can show more about molecular arrangements than has previously been revealed.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 39-44 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation of the effect of sample dimensions on the oxidation of polypropylene is described. The results are used to select testing conditions. Two examples of the utility of the method are presented. First, a control method for uninhibited polypropylene and, secondly, an investigation of the synergistic effect between 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol and dilaurylthiodipropionate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemical structures limited to phosphines and their derivatives, including phosphine oxides, phosphonium salts and halogen-phosphorus compounds useful for fireproofing are discussed. In addition to these P-C bond containing compounds, structures containing P-O-C bonds are mentioned only if they are directly formed from halophosphorus substances. The general approaches to fireproofing are described. They include physical changes, unreactive additives, reactive comonomers, substitution of other functional groups and addition to a preformed polymer. Much of the literature is reviewed and the commercial importance of certain methods for both cloth and plastics are indicated.
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 72-72 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 66-71 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Much past confusion has originated from attempts to describe the complete optical properties of a plastic in terms of a few ill-defined parameters. Simple light-scattering theory and studies of morphology have been combined in this article to suggest the causes of polymer opacity; methods cited for the improvement of transparency and properties of reflectance have been re-examined in this light. It is concluded that the optical properties displayed by a polymer which is allowed to crystallize without external stress depend on fundamental molecular and morphological parameters. The extent to which these inherent characteristics can be modified depends on such widely different factors as the Tg of the polymer and the physical form of the desired article.
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  • 172
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four new fluoropolymers were pyrolyzed in a vacuum to study rates of volatilization and to identify decomposition products. The polymers thus studied were polyperfluoropropylene, polyperfluoroheptene, poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene-1,6 and poly (1,2,2-triflluorovinyl phenyl ether). Polyperfluoropropylene yielded 100% monomer at temperatures of 300 to 400°C gave an activation energy of 56.6 Kcal/mole. Polyperfluoroheptenes of different molecular weights also yielded 100% monomer on heating. However, they had lower thermal stability than polyperfluoropropylene, but a higher activation energy and a higher pre-exponential factor. Poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene volatilized at a rate of approximately 1% per minute at 380°C. There was very little monomer produced on thermal decomposition and an activation energy of 60 Kcal/mole was obtained from rates of volatilization at 362, 374, and 381°C. Poly (trifluorovinyl phenyl ether) showed a 25% carbonized residue at 500°C pyrolysis. The polymer decomposes into fragments containing very little monomer. Undesirable low molecular weight components in the polymer are still to be eliminated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 173
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 77-78 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 174
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Unstable flow involving extrudate distortion have been observed in the extrusion of PVC. Two types of distortion have been isolated and the factors which are operative have been examined. These Factors are discussed in the light of existing knowledge of “melt fracture”.
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  • 175
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 136-138 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The post extrusion swelling behavior of PVC has been studied as a function of the rheological flow variables and as a function of the molecular weight of the polymer. An expression which correlates the swelling with the apparent non-Newtonian viscosity has been found for each of the five molecular weight samples studied. No mechanism for this elastic effect was proposed.
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  • 176
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 177
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigation of the crystallography of the thin platelike polymer crystals precipitated from dilute solution has led to the concept of chain folding in polymer crystallization. This unexpected and unusual phenomenon has produced much speculation about both its origin and its implications concerning the morphology of the polymer crystals. The theories which have been proposed to account for the observed effects fall into two categories: (a) equilibrium theories; and (b) kinetic theories. At the moment the kinetic theories appear to be the more successful in explaining the observed morphology and behavior of the polymer crystals. Essentially it is proposed that the plate-like habit of the crystals results from the formation of crystal uncleii from single polymer molecules followed by a growth process whose rate is controlled by nucleation of new crystal layers on existing completed crystal faces. Quantitative observations of crystal growth rates and of the influence of supercooling on the thickness of the crystals are consistent with the predictions of these theories.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 165-168 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of polymer morphology under ideal conditions approaching equilibrium structures have been shown to be valuable in the development of an understanding of the relationship of properties to structure. Practical fabrication operations do not permit the achievement of equilibrium structures in commercial products and its is therefore necessary to study the effects of processing on the actual structures that result. In addition, an understanding of the effects of processing variables on properties permits the development of fabrication operations which can be directed toward the improvement of properties. Topics covered include the effects of hydrostatic pressure during processing, effects of combinations of pressure and thermal history, relationships between thermal history and crystallization rates in isotactic polymers and the kinetic and morphological effects of flow deformation on crystallizable plastics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 179
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between crystallization and deformation is two-fold: (1) deformation or flow in polymers prior to crystallization has an important influence on the resultant crystalline morphology and (2) the morphology in turn largely determines the response of the structure to further deformation after crystallization. Thus, an understanding of deformation processes in crystalline polymers is intimately related to the crystallization processes and vice versa. The crystallization process may be approached by considering the observed morphological structures as being analogous to the usual crystal habits with the addition of various crystal-defects which add bending and twisting to the more common crystallographic variations. The crystal habit or morphology may be characterized by its surface to volume ratio. Crystallization of polymers may be considered as three steps (1) the formation of primary nuclei (2) crystallographic growth (also a nucleation controlled process) and (3) the introduction of crystal-defects which cause bending and twisting.
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  • 180
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical and dielectric relaxation as related to the morphology of crystalline polymers is reviewed. The behavior with temperature of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant and the mechanical loss factor, tan δ, at constant frequency is discussed in detail for two typical crystalline polymers: poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and polypropylene. Three relaxations are typically observed: a low temperature relaxation occurring at temperatures below the dilatometric glass transition temperature; a glass temperature relaxation occurring near the glass transition temperature; and a high temperature relaxation occurring between the glass temperature and the melting point. The activation parameters are given for these relaxations, and the influence of morphology on them is discussed along with possible molecular interpretations.
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  • 181
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 178-186 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structural changes are considered in light of the two differing views of the structure of crystalline polymers involving either a two phase structure or a single phase structure involving detects. A compromise picture is proposed which appears consistent with existing experimental evidence. Optical methods are described for analyzing structural changes accompanying deformation of these polymers. These include x-ray diffraction, static and dynamic birefringence measurements and dynamic light scattering studies. The results are consistent with a two stage deformation process involving first the elastic deformation of a spherulitic or crystalline structure followed by an internal rearrangement of crystals within this structure, taking place by a number of mechanisms such as recrystallization, defect migration, plastic flow and crystal rotation. The time dependence of some of these processes is studied and related to structural features.
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  • 182
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The work carried out at Picatinny Arsenal on the weathering of plastics over the lat 15 years is briefly described. Although the perid of work was 15 years, individual systems were exposed for only three years. The need for running parallel tests on materials stored indoors for the three years is pointed out as a means of separating the effects of daging from weathering. Also brielfy discussed is the influence which the test method chosen can have on the judgment reached. The requirements of the application are as important as the inherent durability of the material. Improved compounds are becoming available and complete reporting of both favorable and unfavorable resuts is urged as a means of lending guidance in the search for still better compounds.
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  • 183
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 267-276 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The moduli of elasticity of reinforced plastics with uni-directional filaments either parallel or normal to an applied force are evaluated in terms of the material composition. Expressions are then derived which relate its moduli of elasticity and Poisson's ratios for an arbitrary filament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unifilament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unidirectional filaments. Filaments. The stress-strain relations of filament reinforced plastics are also derived.
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  • 184
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 282-289 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep experiments under variable loading conditions are reported for tubular specimens of cellulose acetate butyrate. Experiments include the application of torque loading that corresponded to various loading programs. Results indicate that the material response in creep is nonlinear. The character of the results is described reasonably by assuming the behavior as linear and using the Botzmann superposition principle. However, the interpretation of the data based upon a non-liner creep law and modified superposition principle yields better agreement with experiments in certain cases.
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  • 185
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 290-294 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dupre's theory that work of rupture equals increase in surface energy, and Griffith's hypothesis (based upon Dupre's that a crack propagates when strain energy decrease equals or exceeds work required to creat two new surfaces are shown to be incorrect. Work is required for deformation to repture, not for the actual rupture.An alternative criterion, i. e., that crack propagation occurs when strain energy decrease exceeds the increase required for elastic deformation of the “critical domain” to the breaking point, offers the following advantages: (1) continuity between macro- and micro-effects, (2) avoidance of surface energy (unmeasurable for solids), (3) accounting for heat effect, (4) reasonable explanation of unexpectedly high “surface energy” values.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 186
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 315-362 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Theory of Crystallization of bulk linear polymers with chain folding is discussed in terms of recent developments. Specific topics covered are: (a) Rate of crystal growth and size of folded nuclei, (b) theoretical and experimental estimates of the fold surface free energy, and estimates of the surface free energy of “friged micelle” and “switchbord” type crystals, (c) basic causes of essentially regular folding in bulk, (d) rejection of short chain species during crystallization, (e) melting behavior of thin chain-folded lamellae, (f) gradual thickening of lamellae on isothermal storage, (g) homogeneous, pseudohomogeneous, and heterogeneous nucleation, (h) voids and included point defects as a paret of the concept of the degree of crystallinity, and (i) phenomena occurring in stage 1 and stage 2 of bulk crystallization isotherms (annealing). A comparison of theory and experiment is carried out using data, some previously unpublished, on polyethylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The theory with essentially regular golding is found to be satisfactory.
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  • 187
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 5-6 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 188
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melt-filled portion of an extruder screw has been examined in a quantitative analytical fashion by numerous workers during recent years. The progress which has been made in defining flow patterns in this portion of the screw is reviewed, with special attention devoted to edge effects of the screw flights and the contribution of the circulatory cross-channel component of flow. More recent work on the complex problem introduced by the existence of curvature in the screw channel is presented, along with consideration of distortion of the streamlines caused by non-isothermal conditions and non-Newtonian fluid properties of the molten polymer.
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  • 189
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxidation of many polymers occurs by a free-radical, chain mechanism similar to that developed for the oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons. The rate at which various polymers oxidize and the extent of the reaction is influenced both by the physical and by the chemical structure of the particular polymer. Important morphological changes may also occur as a result of oxidation. Polymer degradation by oxidative reactions can be inhibited effectively at several stages in the over-all reaction. Synergistic combinations in which each component of a stabilizer system inhibits primarily at one of these stages are particularly effective.
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  • 190
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 208-216 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Stress-strain relationships and evaluations thereof at testing and evaluation speeds from 1 to 50 inches per minute are presented. Behavior characteristics at “static” and dynamic strain rates are discussed and a brief reference to lateral critical velocity is made.
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  • 191
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this brief review, environmental stress-cracking in polyethylene is taken as a typical example of the broad phenomenon of stress-cracking and the major variables affecting its operation are enumerated. In addition to stress, these include molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, the amount and nature of the crystalline phase present, the nature of the “environment,” the importance of its ability to alter the surface energy characteristics of the affected polymer, and the effects of temperatrue. The need for selecting an appropriate test procedure is stressed, and the probable significance of certain recent advances in comprehension of the crystallization mechanics of these materials is suggested.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Expanding interst in using plastics for structural pruposes immediately focuses attention on their poermanence. This desired quality is broadly defined as the persistence of a specific set of properties of a given asembly or manufactured product, in its appropriate environment, for an economically justified duration. Analysis of existing test methods, primarily those standardized by ASTM, shows no really applicable techniques for measuring permanence. By contrast, more advanced thinking presented by recent ASTM stmposia indicates two general routes to the porediction of performances. Whether a rigorous “micromechanistic” technique is used, or the empirical “macroanalytical” approach, or some combination of the two, is considered irrelevant. What is important is that experimental programs be started to provide better measures of permanence.
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  • 193
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid has been isolated in quantities sufficient for characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties from both Bacillus megaterium and a special strain of Rhizobium. Its presence in a larger variety of bacteria than previously suspected has been demonstrated by a screening method based on density-gradient centrifugation. The intrinsic viscosity of the isolated polymer has been shown to depend on the technique of isolation; basic solvents facilitate hydrolytic cleavage of the polyester. Mechanical properties of the polymer are based on the high crystallinity and polarity of the material; in a highly crystallized state, it is quite brittle, but its rigidity exceeds that of polypropylene. Thermal degradation of molecular weight, due to beta-eliminatin of the carboxyl group from the polyester structure, severely limits processing of the polymer in the melt.
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  • 194
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Toluene diisocyanate was partially replaced by monobrominated toluene diisocyanate in conventional rigid polyurethane foam formulations, producing self-extinguishing foams for thermal insulation, with only moderate sacrifce of compressive strength, and with no significant effects upon reactivity, odor, density, cell structure, or resistance to aging.
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  • 195
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 263-266 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The combination fo dicyandiamide and diaminodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of a tertiary amine, like 2,4,6-tris (dimethyl amino methyl) phenol, will crosslink liquid epoxy resins (E.E.W. 180-200) of diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A type, or brominated resins, and if used to impregnate glass cloth will produce printed circuit laminated boards combining interlaminar bond and flexural strength retention of NEMA-G-10 and G-11 grades.
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  • 196
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bueche and Harding [J. Polymer Sci. 32 177 (1958)] obtained an empirical “standard flow curve” to relate viscosity and shear rate by using a particular poly(styrene) solution and positioning the flow curve on a dimensionless rate of shear axis via the viscosity average molecular weight, MV and Bueche's expression for the relation time, τ, where \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \tau = 12\eta _{\rm o} {\rm M}_{\rm R} /\pi ^2 {\rm RTC} $$\end{document} Here R is the gas constant, ηo is the low rate of shear Newtonian viscosity, T is the absolute temperature, C is the Concentration in grams per cubic centimeter, and MR is te molecular weight which determines the relaxation time. Bueche implies by his standard curve that MV correlates with MR. In Gereral, it was found that: 1) MR does not equal MV but it is usually significantly lower than MV or MW; (2) the value of MR increases with increasing polymer concentration and temperature; and (3) the shapes of the flow curves are slightly different from the shape of the standard curve. A survey of the data available in the lon the flow of polymer melts supports these conclusions. Thus, the Bueche-Harding method can only give semi-quantitative help I predicting the flow behavior of polymeric melts.
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  • 197
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that a standard screw-extruder with a little modification is very useful for the measurement of flow properities of various plastics melt over a wide range. Results obtained are very interesting and it is expected that they have applicability to polymer processing. A range of flow rates covering both extrusion and injection molding applications were considered.
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  • 198
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 306-314 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid compositons studied included PTFE, PCFE, polyimides, both filled and unfilled, and fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporation experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporaton experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to 1100°F and pressures to 10-8 mm Hg. Various molecular weights of different polymers were examined. Results indicate that evaporation rates in vacuum for polymers vary with molecular weight. Friction and wear experiments were conducted with a 3-16-inch-radius rider hemisphere (usually polymer) sliding on a flat disk (various materials) at speeds to 1480 feet per minute with a 1000-gram load on the rider specimen and at an ambient pressure of 10-9 mm Hg. Fillers were found to influence markedly the wear of PTFE and PCFE in vacuum as a result of changes in heat dissipation properties, but they showed little or no influence on friction.
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  • 199
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1919-1919 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1903-1918 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of crosslinking of concentrated gelatin solutions in water has been measured by means of a gelation timer. Some effects of temperature, pH, crosslinking agent, and gelatin concentration have been measured. The crosslinking agents have varied from fast-acting chrome alum, glutaraldehyde, and a carbodiimide to slow-acting mucobromic acid and dialdehyde starches. Detailed crosslinking mechanisms are discussed for dimethylol urea, mucobromic acid, and several dialdehyde crosslinking agents. Some effects of urea and other additives on the dimethylol urea crosslinking rate are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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