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  • 1985-1989  (3,430)
  • 1986  (3,430)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,316)
  • Physical Chemistry  (114)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1441-1454 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polystyrene (PST) macromonomers having several allyl groups at the ends were synthesized by the mechanical scission reaction of the main chain in the presence of diallylmalonic acid diethyl ester (DAME). Photosensitive benzophenone groups were introduced on a PST macromonomer molecule by the reaction of these PST macromonomers with benzoyl chloride. The palm-treelike (PST-poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP)) sequential copolymers with different compositions were prepared by the radical copolymerization of PST macromonomer with 4VP. The morphological observation of these sequential copolymers was carried out by the transmission electron microscopy. The PST block microdomains were fixed by photocrosslinks (UV irradiation) in the presence of mono- and bifunctional unsaturated compounds in the state of mesomorphic structures. The microdomain fixing of P4VP blocks was carried out by using the vapor of 1, 4-dibromobutane (DBB). After subsequent chemical modifications (quaternization of residual P4VP blocks and sulfonation of PST blocks), the effect of microdomain fixings was elucidated from the moisture content of positive and negative regions. These results are discussed in some detail.
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  • 102
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1463-1486 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We are investigating an unusual reaction that occurs when methyl methacrylate (MMA) is kept in contact with concentrated nitric acid1 (65% HNO3, sp. gr. 1.41). Polymer of high molecular weight is formed, showing about one unit of methacrylic acid (MAA) per unit of MMA, when equilibrium is reached. The reaction depends on the temperature, the molar ratio MMA:HNO3, and the reaction time. Although we also found polymer at temperatures in the range 50-70°C,2 in this paper we only report the results when the temperature was kept between 25 and 40°C. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was found to homopolymerize under those mild conditions; its behavior was investigated. Although we also observed that polymer is formed with sulfuric acid (96%) and that acrylic acid polymerizes with both nitric and sulfuric acid at 20-30°C, we are limiting this article to the observed polymerizing action of nitric acid on methyl methacrylate and on methacrylic acid. Work proceeds on this matter in this laboratory.
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  • 103
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1625-1632 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(amino-p-hydroquinone)amides prepared from 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-p-hydroquinone and adipic, suberic, or sebacic acid dichloride were converted by mild oxidation to the corresponding poly(amino-p-benzoquinone)amides. The latter, prepared also directly from 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-p-benzoquinone, were converted by thermal cyclodehydration to the corresponding thermally stable poly(p-benzoquinono)diimidazoles. The prepared new redox polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, UV and IR spectral study, inherent viscosity, solubility, and thermal analysis (DSC, TGA).
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  • 104
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1643-1656 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some bipolyesters consisting of 1,2-propene glycol residue (P) and symmetric aromatic diacid residue constituted by two p-oxybenzoyl groups coupled by a terephthaloyl (HTH), phthaloyl (HOH) and isophthaloyl (HIH) group, and a nonsymmetric diacid residue constituted by a p-oxybenzoyl and a terephthaloyl group (HT), have been investigated by direct pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. The results show that intramolecular exchange reactions occurring at the pyrolysis stage cause a reorganization of the copolymer sequences. Sequential bipolyesters I-IV are ideal materials for the investigation of the extent of thermal reorganization induced in the bipolymer sequences by the pyrolytic process.
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  • 105
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1717-1720 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 106
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1721-1724 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 107
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1747-1752 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic study of the thermal polymerization of α-chloroacrylic acid and α-bromoacrylic acid in aqueous nitric acid was carried out. The effect of variation of monomer concentration lead tetraacetate concentration, hydrogen ion concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the rate of monomer disappearance was carried out. Based on the experimental observations, suitable reaction schemes were proposed for the polymerization of the above monomers. The rate constants and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated.
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  • 108
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1849-1862 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by systems comprizing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and different organoaluminium compounds (OACs) has been studied. The influence of the type of OAC, concentration of components of the initiation system, temperature, and time on the reaction yield have been determined. Systems containing BPO and diethylaluminium chloride (Et2AlCl) have been found to enable us to obtain, in high yields at room temperature, of homopolymers of MMA, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate, and the alternating AN/styrene (St) copolymer; they are, however, not very active in the homopolymerization of St and vinyl chloride. Factors affecting the polymerization yield have been discussed in terms of the mechanism of the reaction between BPO and OACs, reactivity of alkyl radicals formed in these systems, and catalytic effect of OAC in the propagation step.
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  • 109
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1551-1563 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and photochemical behavior of three types of polysiloxanes containing phenyldisilanyl units as chromophore have been reported. Irradiation of thin liquid films of the polymer (2) prepared from copolymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 1,3,5-triphenyl-1,3,5-tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclostrisiloxane (1) with a 500-W Xe-Hg lamp afforded transparent solid films which are insoluble in common organic solvents. Similar irradiation of thin liquid films of polysiloxane (8) containing both phenyldisilanyl units and vinyl groups resulted in formation of crosslinked solid films. When thick films of the polymers 2 and 8 were irradiated with a Xe-Hg lamp, crosslinking occurred only on the surface of the films, but inside remained as liquid. Irradiation of the films prepared from the polysiloxane involving the phenyldisilanyl units and butenyl groups, however, gave crosslinked solid films, whatever thickness of the films. The mechanism of photochemically induced crosslinking of the copolymers is discussed on the basis of the results obtained from the photolysis of 1,1-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1-phenyl(trimethyl)disilane as a model compound.
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  • 110
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) polythioethers and copolythioethers have been synthesized from 4,4′-dithiolbiphenyl (TB) and α,ω-dibromoalkanes having between two and twelve methylene units. Copolythioethers were prepared from TB and a 1:1 mol/mol ratio of 1,5-dibromopentane and α,ω-dibromoalkanes having nine to twelve methylene units. Peculiarities of the phase-transfer catalyzed (PTC) polyetherification reaction in the preparation of these polymers have led to aliphatic-ether structural units. This side reaction has been explained by a possible neighboring group effect with sulfur, through sulfonium formation, and is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed in PTC polyetherifications. While not significantly enhancing solubility, the copolymeric nature of these polymers have led to lower melting and isotropization temperatures with broad mesophase thermal stability ranges. Lastly, unique spherulitic textures resembling higher-ordered smectic mesophases have been observed in all the prepared polymers.
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  • 111
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 427-449 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The inverse emulsion polymerization of aqueous solution of acrylamide in toluene has been studied at 40°C using a blend of surfactants as emulsifying system and oil soluble azo initiators. The azo compound partition between the phases has been measured and the effects of their nature and concentration on the polymerization kinetics have been investigated. The influence of other parameters on the kinetics and particle size of the inverse latex have also been investigated: the nature and amount of the emulsifier system, the stirring rate, and the presence of oil-soluble inhibitor. The particle-size analysis using electron microscopy or dynamic light-scattering methods showed the presence of two populations of particles in the initial monomer emulsion and in the final inverse latex: one with very tiny particles (20 nm diam) and the other with larger particles (80-400 nm diam) which is highly polydispersed. The average size of these large particles undergoes a sharp decrease at a certain percent conversion depending upon the stirring rate. The evolution of the particle size distribution may result from a balance between coalescence and dispersion of the emulsion droplets under the effect of prevailing shear rate due to agitation.Concerning the initiation process, the very low solubility of the azo compound in the aqueous solution, together with the effect of the stirring rate and the presence of an oil-soluble inhibitor on the polymerization kinetics lead to the conclusion that most of the initiaton originates from the capture of radicals or oligomeric radicals produced in the oil phase or in the interfacial layer.
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  • 112
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 483-493 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyisophthalamides containing pendent oxybenzoyl groups were prepared from 5-oxybenzoyl-isophthaloyl chloride and aromatic diamines. The analogous unsubstituted polyisophthalamides were also prepared in order to compare the two series and to determine the effect of oxybenzoyl pendent groups on the properties of aromatic polyamides. The modified polymers exhibited better solubility than, and approximately the same glass transition temperatures (in the range 260-290°C) as, the parent unsubstituted polymers. The mechanical strength of polymer films was affected only to a small extent by the presence of side groups, but the thermal resistance was negatively affected, with the result that polyisophthalamides with oxybenzoyl pendent groups began to decompose at about 360°C (TGA), 60-100°C lower than the unsubstituted polyisophthalamides. By means of an appropriate thermal treatment, crosslinking of the modified polymers was achieved and their thermal resistance significantly enhanced.
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  • 113
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1735-1746 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble microgels with several pendant vinyl groups were synthesized by radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with p-divinyl benzene (p-DVB). The polymerization conditions used for intramolecular crosslinking of microgels were chosen from gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) measurements of the reaction products. The rate constant of intramolecular crosslinking (kpi) was estimated from the changes in the concentration of pendant vinyl groups of microgel by using photometrical measurements at 30°C assuming a unimolecular termination mechanism of polymer radicals. As a result, kpi showed larger values than kp of styrene and depended strongly on the internal structure of the microgels.
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  • 114
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 503-510 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Powdered Nylon 66 was prepared as a model of amorphous polymers. The resultant powder polyamide was composed of only amorphous regions. The extent of uptake of the acid azo dyes, a homologous series of methyl orange derivatives, by the polymer was measured in an aqueous solution. The first binding constants and the thermodynamic parameters in the course of the binding were evaluated. The thermodynamic behaviors obtained are very similar to those of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone. The favorable free energy of the binding is accompanied by an entropy gain and an exothermic enthalpy change. The shorter the alkyl chain of the dyes, the more negative is the enthalpy change and, hence, the smaller is the entropy change. The thermodynamic data for butyl orange showed that the binding process is athermal and is wholly an entropic effect. The binding of the dyes to the matrix is entropically favorable as a result of the operation of the hydrophobic effect. In addition, an electrostatic force is operative between the sulfonate group on the dyes and the terminal amino groups on the polyamide.
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of N,N-diethyl-9-carbazolylacetamide (6), (R,S)- and (R)-N,N-diethyl-2-(9-carbazolyl)propanamide (7), N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di-(9-carbazolylacetyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (11), and (R)-N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di[2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl]-1,2-ethanediamine (13) is reported. The racemic compound, (R,S)-2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoic acid (2), was resolved by partial crystallization of the diastereomeric salts formed between 2 and (+)-α-methylbenzylamine. The 1H-NMR spectra of 6 and 7 showed magnetic nonequivalence of the chemically equivalent protons of the methyl and methylene groups in 6 and 7 due to partial double bond character of the amide bond. The upfield resonances corresponding to the two sets of methyl and methylene protons were assigned by the aromatic solvent-induced shift (ASIS) method to the protons anti to the carbonyl oxygen in the conformation of amide bond in 6 and 7. The 1H-NMR spectra of 11 and (R)-13 were used to determine the population of anti-anti, anti-syn (syn-anti) and syn-syn conformers in the structures of these dimer model compounds; the relative conformer populations were 0.45:0.47:0.08 and 0.28±0.02:0.29±0.01:0.43±0.01 in 11 and (R)-13.
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  • 116
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparations of four diol monomers containing nucleic acid bases and the corresponding model polymers of polynucleotides with linear polyester backbone and nucleic acid base derivative as pending side chains are described. N-(1′,3′-Dihydroxy-2′-methyl-2′-propyl)-2-(thymin-l-yl)propionamide (Ia, HMPTPA), N-(1′,3′-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2′-propyl)-2-(uracil-l-yl)propionamide (Ib, HMPUPA), and their isomers, N-(β,β′-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(thynin-1-yl)propionamide (IIa, HETPA) and N-(β,β′-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(uracil-1-yl)propionamide (IIb, HEUPA) were synthesized through the selective N-acylation of 2-methyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol and diethanolamine with 2-(thymin-1-yl)propionic acid (TPA) and 2-(uracil-1-yl)propionic acid (UPA), respectively, by the active amide-benzotriazole method. Diol monomers I and II were polycondenzed with active amide of benzotriazole such as 1,1′-(isophthaloyl)bisbenzotriazole (IPBBT) in the presence of triethylamine and in DMF at 60°C, giving polyesters containing thymine and uracil derivatives as the side group. Prior to polymer synthesis, an O-acylation of Ia using the active monoamide l-benzoylbenzotriazole was carried out as a model compound study.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is generally recognized as miscible with s.poly(methyl methacrylate) (s.PMMA), poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymer (SAN) containing 27 wt % AN. Nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) is a very sensitive technique in the investigation of the polymer miscibility. To compare by NRET the actual degree of miscibility of the PVC/s.PMMA, PVC/PCL, and PVC/SAN polymer pairs, each polymer is to be labeled with a fluorescent chromophore to an extent of 1 or 2 mol %. This paper reports efficient pathways to attach anthracene (acceptor) or naphthalene (donor) onto preformed PVC, s.PMMA, and SAN samples. All the attempts for grafting carbazole (donor) moieties have failed, as well as any labeling of PCL whatever the nature of the chromophore.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Miscibility of PVC with s.PMMA and SAN, respectively, has been investigated by nonradiative energy transfer. Blended by using a common solvent, the two polymer pairs are not homogeneous at a molecular level. They are likely to contain heterogeneities of a few nanometers depending on blend composition. At a comparable number average molecular weight, but a different polydispersity, SAN is seemingly less miscible with PVC than s.PMMA. That this behavior is of enthalpic or entropic origin, or mainly due to the method of mixing, cannot be settled so far.
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  • 119
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 559-565 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Georgiev and Shirota's simplified terminal complex model was applied to the dilatometrically measured initial rate of copolymerization of sytrene (ST) with maleic anhydride (MA) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at 50°C. The rate was maximum at the feed MA mole fractions of 0.752, 0.769, and 0.806 at the total monomer concentrations of 2M, 1.5M, and 0.5M, respectively. Shirota's method gave the following ratios of propagation rate constants: βA=kAC/kAD = 8.25 and βD = kDC/kDA = 2.70. Georgiev's method gave βA = 14, βD = 2.7, and α = kAD/kDA = 22. The equilibrium constant of the donor-acceptor complexation between ST and MA in MEK was measured to be 0.045 dm3/mol at room temperature.
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  • 120
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2021-2025 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 121
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2047-2058 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyquinazolones containing 4-substituted phenyl groups (H, Cl, CH3, CH3O, NO2) on the quinazolone ring were synthesized in m-cresol and their thermal properties were studied by using dynamic thermogravimetry and isothermal weight loss in nitrogen and air. Polyquinazolones were synthesized with intrinsic viscosities in the range of 0.2-0.7 dL/g when phosphorus pentoxide was used as a catalyst. In TGA studies, there was a difference in the initial decomposition temperature of polyquinazolones with varying substituted groups. The introduction of substituted groups reduced oxidative thermal stability of the polymers. Furthermore, the thermal degradation mechanism was investigated by infrared spectrophotometry.
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  • 122
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2327-2349 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of linear methyl ω-epoxyalkanoates of C-3 to C-10 carboxylic acids (0 to 7 methylene groups between oxirane ring and carbomethoxy group) was accomplished with a triethylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0/0.5/1.0) initiator system to yield polymers of high molecular weight, apparently via a coordinative anionic mechanism. The rate of polymerization increased as the number of methylene groups between the oxirane ring and the carbomethoxy group increased, up to three methylene groups. When more than three methylene groups separate the polymerizable oxirane group and the carbomethoxy group, the rate of polymerization becomes essentially constant. The polymers were characterized by their infrared and 13C-NMR spectra, DSC, GPC, and inherent viscosity. The lower members of the series (ω-epoxyalkanoates of n 〈 3) gave polymers of lower molecular weight and wider-molecular-weight distribution (Mw/Mn 〉 2), while the higher members had molecular weight distributions between 1.5 and 2. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers also decreased from -26°C for n = 1 to around -50 to -55°C for n ≥ 3.
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  • 123
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2415-2424 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes have been used as curing agents for epoxy resins. The thermal curing was performed in stages at 120-125 and 175-180°C followed by postcuring at 225°C to give tough brown polymers. The thermal curing reaction was monitored using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetric analysis of the cured resins has shown thermal stability up to 350-340°C. The char yield obtained in nitrogen at 800°C was about 55-42% and in air at 700°C was about 40-32%. Graphite cloth laminates were prepared. The mechanical properties evaluated were found superior to those of commonly used epoxy resin systems. These resins are useful for making fire- and heat-resistant composites, laminates, molded parts, and adhesives.
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  • 124
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2433-2445 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The DSC thermograms of the shear band material cut out by a diamond saw to include some undeformed material revealed two Tg's clearly separated by about 10°C. The first Tg was at the same temperature as the Tg of the undeformed material. The second Tg, which was at a higher temperature than the first Tg, appeared shortly after the shear strain recovery during the heating of the shear band material in the DSC. When the shear strain in the shear band was partially reversed by mechanical means before taking the DSC thermogram, the ΔT between the two Tg's decreased and when the shear strain was mechanically reversed to almost zero, the second Tg disappeared. The stored energy of shear band material was found to be similar to that of the bulk compressed material for large strains. Dimensional recovery during heating of specimens with thick and fine bands was similar, both taking place above Tg.
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  • 125
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2483-2505 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerizations of ethylene by the MgCl2/ethylbenzoate/p-cresol/AlEt3 TiCl4-AlEt3/methyl-p-toluate (CW-catalyst) have been studied. The initially formed active site concentration, [Ti1*] has a maximum value of 50% of total titanium at 50°C and lower values at other temperatures. The Ti1* decays rapidly to Ti2* sites with conc. ca. 10 mol %/mol Ti. The rate constants for four chain transfer processes have been obtained at 50°C: for transfer with AlEt3, ktr, 1A = 2.1 × 10-4 s-1 and ktr, 2A = 4.8 × 10-4 s-1; for transfer with monomer, ktr, 1M = 3.6 × 10-3 (M s)-1 and Ktr, 2M = 8.3 × 10-3 (M s)-1; for β-hydride transfer, ktr, 1β = 7.2 × 10-4 s-1 and ktr, 2β = 4.9 × 10-4 s-1; and transfer with hydrogen, ktr, 1H = 4.0 × 10-3 torr1/2 s- and ktr, 1H = 5.1 × 10-3 torr1/2 s-1. The rate constants for the termination assisted by hydrogen is ktr1H = 1.7 (M1/2 torr1/2 S)-1. If monomer is assisting termination as was observed for propylene polymerization, then ktM = 7.8 (M3/2 s)-1. Values of all the rate constants can be higher or lower at other temperatures. Detailed comparisons were made with the results of propylene polymerizations. There are more than four times as many Ti1* active sites for ethylene polymerization than there are for stereospecific polymerization of propylene; the difference is more than a factor of two for the Ti2* sites. Certain rate constants are nearly the same for both monomers while others are markedly different. Some of the differences can be explained by stereoelectronic effects.
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  • 126
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2591-2597 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interpolymer complex formation has been studied between methacrylic acid-methacrylamide copolymer and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in acetone-water mixtures of different compositions. At a specific composition of the solvent (e.g., 70% water + 30% acetone by volume), the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer and the reduced viscosity of 1:1 interpolymer complex had minimum values. Preferential solvation coefficients (λ/C) have been calculated for the various compositions of the solvent mixtures. An excellent coincidence could be obtained between the maximum (λ/C) and the minimum in the viscosity of the polymer solutions. Interpretations have been sought in terms of conformational change of the copolymer at the specific composition of the solvent mixture.
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  • 127
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2635-2645 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) has been studied. The value of r1r2 has been determined to be 0.56 for the AM-NaAMB pair. The molecular weights of the copolymers were relatively unaffected by monomer feed ratios. The copolymer microstructures, including run numbers and sequence distributions, were calculated from the reactivity ratios. The solution properties of the AM-NaAMB copolymers, as well as the NaAMB homopolymer, will be reported in a subsequent paper.
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  • 128
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2695-2700 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 129
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 645-654 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low-temperature solution polycondensation reaction between 1,4-bis-(2′-hydroxy-ethoxy)benzene and adipyl chloride has been studied in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The effect of temperature, concentration, and reaction time on the percent yield and product viscosity has been determined. Optimum conditions were established for the preparation of high molecular weight products and then applied to the synthesis of novel tetracyanoquinodimethane polyesters. Products were characterized by gel permeation chromatography.
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  • 130
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 673-680 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C-NMR chemical shifts of a cellulose with a DPw of 23 dissolved in the NH3/NH4SCN solvent system were found to be very similar to those of cellulose dissolved in DMSO (cellulose oligomers), in the LiCl/DMAC system and in the N-methylmorpholine N-oxide/DMSO system. It was concluded from this that cellulose does not react with the NH3/NH4SCN solvent. It was found, however, that glucose reacts with the solvent at C-1 to form β-D-glucopyranosy-lamine. Separation of this compound from the solvent resulted in another compound which was determined to be β,β-di-D-glucopyranosylamine. The compounds β-D-glucopyranosylamine, N-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylamine, β,β-di-D-glucopyranosylamine, α,β-di-D-glucopyranosylamine, 2,3,4,6,2′,3′,4′,6′-octa-O-acetyl-α,β-di-D-glucopyranosylamine were all synthesized and the 13C-NMR chemical shifts of these compounds are reported. It was also found that for the low-DP cellulose sample which was used the reducing end group existed and had reacted with the solvent to form an amine at C-1.
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  • 131
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 665-672 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of the oxidative reaction on the ionic permeabilities through polypeptide membranes containing thiol groups in the side chains were investigated. Membranes were derived from poly(glutamyl-cysteine) (PGC) containing 12% (in mol %) of —SH groups in the side chains, and from poly(L-cysteine) (PlCys) containing 26% of thiol groups in the side chains, respectively. On the basis of the polarographic analysis, it can be estimated that more than 80% of —SH groups in the membranes could be oxidized by using 10 mM solution of iodine. The membrane potentials across the PGC membrane were increased by the iodine oxidation, indicating that —SH groups of PGC were converted to highly dissociable groups, i.e., sulfonic acid derivatives. The decrease in the ionic permeabilities through the PGC membrane by the oxidation, therefore, was attributed to the decrease in ionic solubility into the membrane owing to the increase in fixed charge density of the membrane (Donnan exclusion effect). On the other hand, no influence of the oxidation on the membrane potentials of the PCys membrane suggests the possibility of oxidative S-S cross linking in the membrane. The oxidation-induced permeability decrease of the PCys membrane could be explained in terms of the decrease in ionic diffusibility associated with the formation of the side chain cross linkings between —SH groups in the membrane.
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  • 132
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bi-ionic potential (BIP) across poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing azobenzene-modified bis(15-crown-5) was measured in the presence of alkali-metal chlorides. The BIP measurements revealed the cation selectivity sequence of the membranes (K+ 〉 Rb+ 〉 Cs+ ≫ Na+ 〉 Li+), which agreed well with the potentiometric selectivity order of 15-crown-5-based ion-selective electrodes developed so far. UV-light irradiation induced the positive or negative shift of BIP. The magnitude and sign of the photoinduced potential shift depended considerably upon the kind and concentration of electrolytes and, as well, the direction from which the membrane was irradiated. The results were explained in terms of the surface-potential changes induced by light irradiation.
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  • 133
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2565-2576 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate and p-fluorostyrene were polymerized with manganese (III) acetylacetonate-aluminum triethyl catalyst at 60°C in a benzene medium. Maximum activity was found at Al/Mn ratio of 4. Maximum percent conversion of polymer was obtained when the aging time of the catalyst was 10 min. The rate of polymerization was first order with respect to monomer. The rate of polymerization with respect to catalyst and cocatalyst were found to be 0.5 and 1.5, respectively. The overall energy of activation for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and p-fluorostyrene were found to be 52.6 and 57.0 kJ/mole, respectively. A free-radical mechanism is postulated.
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  • 134
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 701-706 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanistic features of the reaction promoted by thionyl chloride and amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were studied. The reaction was effective in the amidation of carboxylic acids, but not effective in the esterification. The amidation was affected by the kind and the amount of amides used, most favorably by two equivalents of NMP with respect to the acid. These amides were assumed to be involved in the intermediate formation, and the reaction was proposed to proceed via Vilsmeier adducts derived from thionyl chloride and the amides, and through activation of a carboxylic acid different from an acyl chloride. The reaction was successfully applied to the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diamines in NMP at 70°C to produce polyamides with high molecular weights. Initial reaction of dicarboxylic acids with the adducts, additive effect of tertiary amines, and polycondensation temperatures were studied in terms of the inherent viscosity of the polymers produced.
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  • 135
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2647-2655 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study was conducted of the effects of meta-para isomerism on the synthesis and properties of aromatic bismaleimides and polyaspartimides. Three isomers, 3,3′-, 3,4′-, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethanes (methylenedianilines), were used to prepare three isomeric bismaleimides. The bismaleimides then were reacted with their respective isomeric diamines in m-cresol solution to give a series of isomeric polyaspartimides. The properties of each of the isomeric series were measured and compared. Strong flexible films were solvent cast from the two polyaspartimides derived from the 3,4′- and 4,4′-diamines and their respective bismaleimides. Tensile properties of the films from the 3,4′-diamine/3,4′-bismaleimide combination polyaspartimide were equivalent to those from the 4,4′-diamine-derived polymer. That finding, together with that polymer's lower softening temperature and the nonmutagenic nature of the 3,4′-diamine monomer, suggested a potential usefulness for 3,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane as a replacement for 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane in addition polyimides.
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  • 136
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2701-2705 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2739-2747 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of bisazlactones (2-oxazolin-5-ones) with primary diamines containing additional secondary or tertiary amine functionality (e.g., diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or N-methyliminobispropylamine) readily produces polyamides which serve as precursors to a new class of heterocyclic polymers. Thermal cyclodehydration takes place under relatively mild conditions (180-200°C) to produce water-soluble polymers containing the 2-imidazolin-5-one heterocycle. Model reactions have been studied to verify this mode of cyclization and confirm the proposed polymer structure.
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  • 138
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2765-2771 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl acrylate-styrene copolymers of different copolymer compositions were free-radically prepared. The relative intensities of the carbonyl frequencies of the methyl acrylate units at v 1730 cm-1 were correlated with the copolymer composition. The positions and shapes of the carbonyl bands in the infrared absorption spectra of the copolymers-dissolved in chloroform, were shown to depend on the composition of the copolymers and upon the presence of different proportions of methyl acrylate centered triads. The results obtained by infrared spectroscopy were compared with those obtained by 13C-NMR. Infrared spectra may be used to yield information about both the copolymer composition and the triad sequence distribution.
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  • 139
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2789-2796 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five colored polymeric Schiff-bases were synthesized from 4,4′diaminoazo benzene and different dialdehydes and diketones. All the polymers were characterized by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Their physical properties and thermal characteristics are discussed.
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  • 140
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2773-2787 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optically active β-(1,1-dichloroethyl)-β-propiolactone (CH3CCl2-PL), β-(1,1-dichloropropyl)-β-propiolactone (C2H5CCl2-PL), and β-(1,1-dichlorobutyl)-β-propiolactone (C3H7CCl2-PL) were synthesized with enantiomeric excesses of 100, 100, and 84%, respectively. Polymerization was conducted in bulk and toluene solution, under vacuum, using mainly ZnEt2/H2O as initiator. Osmometry analyses indicate molecular weights in the range 10,000-25,000. The polymers thus prepared are semi-crystalline and show large optical rotation values.13 C-NMR was used to show that they have a high degree of isotacticity, indicating that little or no racemization occurs in the course of polymerization. Glass transition, melting and decomposition temperatures are given as a function of the size of the substituent, and their variations are discussed.
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  • 141
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2815-2821 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potentiometric and viscosimetric titration curves of poly(N-acetyldehydroalanine) (PNAcDHA) were compared with those of the nucleic acid base-containing dehydroalanine backbone polymers poly{(+ -) and (-)- [2-(thymin-1-yl]{propanoamido}propenoic acid} (PTDHA and P(-)TDHA)). The behavior of PNAcDHA was similar to polyacids such as poly(acrylic acid), but PTDHA and P(-)TDHA displayed very strong nearest neighbor interactions, since the pH curves had an additional inflection at half neutralization that was sensitive to the ionic strength of the medium and the viscosity curves showed little expansion of the polymer coil with increasing ionization. NAcDHA-TDHA copolymers were prepared which showed similar behavior. These results suggested that PTDHA and P(-)TDHA were extended and conformationally restricted in aqueous solution compared to PNAcDHA, findings that agreed with the results of spectroscopic studies of these polymers.
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  • 142
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2877-2890 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the N,N′,N″-pentamethyl dipropylene triamine (PMPT)-catalyzed reaction of phenyl isocyanate with n-butanol was studied in acetonitrile between 26.5 and 50°C by measuring the NCO disappearance as well as the formation of the various reaction products by means of the standard dibutylamine back-titration method and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The resulting products from the phenyl isocyanate and n-butanol reaction were found to be N-butyl phenylcarbamate, N-butyl-α,γ-diphenylallophanate, and triphenylisocyanurate. Trimer formed at the expense of carbamate formation even at a high OH/NCO ratio. Allophanate appeared to be an intermediate in the formation of trimer. PMPT was found to be a urethane and trimerization catalyst for the model reaction of phenyl isocyanate with n-butanol in acetonitrile. The PMPT-catalyzed reaction of phenyl isocyanate with n-butanol in the presence of water in acetonitrile at 50°C was also investigated. The resulting reaction products consisted of n-butyl phenylcarbamate, n-butyl-β,γ-diphenylallophanate, triphenylisocyanurate, sym-triphenylbiuret, and N,N′-diphenylurea. The presence of water retarded the disappearance of NCO groups as well as the trimer formation. Aniline (the product of phenyl isocyanate and water) was detected in the reaction of equivalent amounts of phenyl isocyanate and water in acetonitrile.
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  • 143
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3447-3460 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vaporization of MgCl2 and other metal halides results in monomeric gas-phase species. Cocondensation of these species with organic diluents such as heptane yields highly activated solids which are precursors to MgCl2 supported “high-mileage” catalysts for olefin polymerization. These catalysts, prepared by treatment with TiCl4 followed by standard activation with aluminum alkyls display high activity for ethylene and propylene polymerization. MgCl2 can also be evaporated into neat TiCl4 to give a related catalyst. The concentration of MgCl2 in the diluent affects catalyst properties as does the nature of the diluent. TiCl3, 3TiCl3 · AlCl3, VCl3 and other metal halides are subject to similar activation.
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  • 144
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3177-3189 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methylthiomethyl methacrylate (MtMA) was synthesized and homopolymerized in solution. The poly(MtMA) is readily soluble in benzene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and methylene chloride at room temperature. The values of K and a in the Mark-Houwink equation, [η] = KMa, were found to be K = 2.88 × 10-5 and a = 0.75 when M = Mw. The glass transition temperature of poly(MtMA) was observed to be 72°C by thermomechanical analysis. Intramolecular anhydride formation occurred when poly(MtMA) was heated to 250-300°C. The kinetics of MtMA homopolymerization was investigated in benzene, using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The rate of polymerization Rp was expressed by Rp = k[AIBN]0.5[MtMA]1.05 and the overall activation energy was calculated to be 75.7 kJ/mol. The relative reactivity ratios of MtMA in styrene copolymerizations (r1 = 0.33, r2 = 0.55) were obtained. Applying the Q-e scheme led to Q = 1.07 and e = 0.51 for MtMA.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3225-3231 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solution polymerization of vinyl acetate was carried out in several solvents at 0 to 100°C, using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. For the resulting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), iodinecoloration, 1,2-glycol structure and tacticity were observed. The pentad tacticity of PVA was estimated from its methine carbon spectra by means of 13C-FTNMR spectrometer. Iodine-coloration ability of PVA varied markedly with the type of polymerization solvent and decreased in the following order: phenol 〉 aq. phenol 〉 methyl alcohol 〉 ethyl acetate 〉 DMSO, ethylene carbonate. The syndiotactic fraction in PVA also decreased with polymerization solvent in the same order as that of iodine coloration, while 1,2-glycol content of PVA was not almost affected by polymerization solvent except for phenol and aq. phenol. In solution polymerization performed, effect of polymerization temperature on tacticity was less than that of solvent.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3271-3277 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 9-Anthranylmethyl hexafluorophosphate-a stable primary carbenium salt-is prepared and characterized by UV, VIS, and NMR spectroscopy and by conductometric measurements in methylene chloride. 9-Anthranylmethyl hexafluorophosphate initiates the polymerization of vinyl and heterocyclic monomers. This initiator has higher reactivity than trityl and diphenylmethyl salts. The initiation mechanism of the polymerization of some monomers is investigated.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 875-882 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Applications of poly(4,4-dimethyl-1-penten-3-one) (PBVK) and poly(3-methyl-3-buen-2-one) (PMIK) as initiators for UV curing were studied. The triplet state of PBVK was quenched by monomers but its rate was small compared with the low molecular model compound, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone. The α-cleavage quantum yield of PBVK was estimated to be ca. 0.5. The graft efficiencies of the resulting polymers were 0.5. The sensitivity of PBVK is greater than benzoin methyl ether under 313 nm of irradiation.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 861-874 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Differences between the emulsion copolymerization and miniemulsion copolymerization processes, in terms of emulsifier adsorption, emulsion stability, polymerization kinetics, copolymer composition and dynamic mechanical properties were studied for the comonomer mixture of 50:50 molar ratio vinyl acetate (VA+) - butyl acrylate (BuA), using sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) as a surfactant and hexadecane (HD) as a co-surfactant. The use of hexadecane with the appropriate SHS initial concentration led to a higher adsorption of surfactant, smaller droplet size, higher stability of the emulsions, lower polymerization rates, and larger latex particle size. The copolymer composition during the initial 70% conversion was found to be less rich in Vac monomer units for the miniemulsion process. The dynamic mechanical properties of the copolymer films showed less mixing between the BuA-rich core and the VAc-rich shell in the miniemulsion latexes compared to the conventional latex films.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 883-900 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cis (CP) and trans (TP) isomers of 1,3-pentadiene (piperylene) were homo and copolymerized with acrylonitrile (A) in bulk and emulsion, at 50°C, using azobisisobutyronitrile and potassium persulfate as free radical initiators. The cis isomer reacts more rapidly than the trans monomer. The copolymer compositions were determined from nitrogen analysis, 100-MHz 1H-NMR and 25-MHz 13C-NMR spectra. The results thus obtained show that both the bulk and emulsion processes yield copolymers characterized by a very similar composition. Data plotted according to the Kelen-Tüdös method indicate that the terminal-unit model is applicable to the piperylene-acrylonitrile system. Reactivity ratios for bulk copolymerization were as follows: rA = 0.079, rTP = 0.114, and rA = 0.033, rCP = 0.188. These values are very small and hence suggest a strong alternating tendency for acrylonitrile and 1,3-pentadiene in both comonomer systems. This latter conclusion is corroborated by the comparison of the NMR spectra of the synthesized copolymers with that of a standard alternating sample. The reactivity (Q) and electronegativity (e) of the 1,3-pentadiene isomers calculated from the reactivity ratios by the Alfrey - Price equations were QTP = 0.56, eTP = -0.97 and QCP = 1.215, eCP = -1.055 for trans and cis dienes, respectively.
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  • 150
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 901-910 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aromatic polyesters connected by methylene groups were synthesized. Two pairs of aromatic diacid chlorides, 3,3′-methylenedibenzoyl chloride and 4,4′-methylenedibenzoyl chloride were each polymerized via interfacial polycondensation with 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), 3,3′-methylenediphenol, and 4,4′-methylenediphenol. For comparison, 3,3′-carbonyldibenzoyl chloride and 4,4′-carbonyldibenzoyl chloride were similarly polymerized with bisphenol A. Substitution of meta,meta' oriented phenylene groups for para,para' oriented phenylene groups had a significant and cumulative effect in reducing the glass transition temperatures of the polymers, thereby enhancing their processability. In air the methylene groups of the polyesters undergo oxidation and crosslinking at elevated temperatures. Electron beam irradiation of thin films of the methylene-linked polyesters at room temperature resulted in some chain extension and crosslinking, as evidenced by increased solution viscosity and gel formation. Irradiation at a temperature near or above the glass transition temperatures of the polymers greatly enhanced the tendency for the polymers to crosslink.
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  • 151
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 925-929 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ESR studies on the radical polymerization of vinyl ethers were performed from -50°C to room temperature using di-tert-butylperoxide as a photoinitiator. Well resolved ESR spectra were assigned to propagating radicals of vinyl ethers. Their hyperfine splitting constants due to α-proton were about 16 G, being smaller than those of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate. The smaller constants is ascribed to a deviation of the propagating radicals from sp2 hybrid structure. The reason why high polymers are not obtained from vinyl ethers by radical polymerization is discussed on the basis of information from the ESR studies.
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  • 152
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 911-923 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three commercial heparins of different molecular weights and anticoagulant activities were dinitrophenylated (DNP) with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene under aqueous conditions. The absorption spectra observed for DNP heparins in a 1% NaHCO3 solution consisted of the two absorption spectra characteristic of DNP - amino (N - DNP) and DNP - hydroxyl (O - DNP) groups. The number of N - DNP, O - DNP, and (N + O) - DNP groups were determined as well as the number of N - DNP groups per heparin chain; different values (i.e., 0.16, 0.17, and 0.55) for the latter were obtained with the three heparins. Further calculations showed that two of the heparins had approximately two (N + O) - DNP groups per chain (i.e., 2.1 and 1.8) whilst the third sample, considered to be a “cruder” heparin, had a value of 1.4.
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  • 153
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 931-946 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly[oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyisophthaloyl-b-oxy(2-methyl-1,3-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] I, poly[oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl-b-oxy(2-methyl-1,3-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] II, poly(oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyisophthaloyl-b-oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl) III, poly[oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl-b-oxy(2-methyl-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] IV, poly[oxy2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl-b-oxy(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] V, poly[oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl-co-oxy(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] VI, and poly[oxy-2,2′-diphenyleneoxyterephthaloyl-co-oxy(2-methyl-1,4-phenylene)oxyterephthaloyl] VII have been synthesized and characterized. Random copolyester VI appears to form a birefringent fluid phase above the melting temperature.
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  • 154
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1007-1017 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photo-initiated oligomerization of bromotrifluoroethylene in chlorotrifluoromethane medium was found to yield a complex mixture of products. 19F-nmr, infrared and GC-MS spectra revealed the presence of -CF2Br and  - CF = CF2 and the absence of  - CF Br2 and  - CF3 end groups in the products. Oligomers up to pentamers were identified and their structures elucidated by GC-MS. A plausible mechanism for their formation is suggested.
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  • 155
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convenient method for the synthesis of poly(benzoxazole)s of high molecular weights has been developed. These polymers were prepared readily by direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids containing phenyl either structure with 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine dihydrochloride using phosphorus pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid (PPMA) as condensing agent and solvent. Polycondensations proceeded fast and was completed within 5 h at 140°C and produced poly(benzoxazole)s with inherent viscosities up to 4.6 dL/g. Model compound work was performed in detail to demonstrate the feasibility of the reaction for polymer formation. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic poly(benzoxazole)s showed 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at 450-505°C and 465-535°C, respectively.
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  • 156
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1027-1041 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that, by observing the kinetics of the seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate with and without added chain-transfer agent, and using γ-radiolytic initiation, it is possible to examine separately the effects of the length of the growing chain and of the weight fraction of polymer on the termination rate coefficient. Studies using this technique confirm predictions that chain entanglement causes translational diffusion to be the rate-determining termination event for growing chains of lower molecular weight, while the rate-determining termination event for growing chains of higher molecular weight is “residual,” the annihilation encounter being caused by excess chain end mobility of two growing chains in a viscous medium. The data show unambiguously that free-volume theories which do not incorporate the molecular weight of the growing chain are inapplicable to this system.
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  • 157
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2425-2432 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: T-butylperoxy phenylcarbonate (BPPC) was prepared. Its decomposition rate constant in cumene is given by kd = 2.39 × 1015 exp(-17,300/T), where T is the absolute temperature. When BPPC decomposes to polymerize styrene at 100°C, it produces 12% phenoxy radical to total primary radicals. The phenoxy radical hardly adds to styrene and reacts the other primary radicals and polymer radical. Thus it retards the rate of polymerization.
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  • 158
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2467-2482 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the effects of ozonation on polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and several related hydrocarbon elastomers has shown that elastomers containing di-substituted double bonds (e.g., cis-1,4-polybutadiene) give crosslinked products as well as chain scission products in nonpolar solvents, whereas those containing tri-substituted double bonds (e.g., cis-1,4-polyisoprene) give chain scission products only. Both types of elastomer, however, give only chain scission products in polar solvents. Further investigation of the ozonation of elastomers, including the effect of ozonides of monoolefins and the solvent effect has led us to postulate that the chain scission involves the attack of a second ozone molecule on the preformed ozonide, and, the crosslinking is due to the attack of the biradical carbonyl oxide on the rubber.
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  • 159
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2599-2607 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The initiation mechanisms of the uncatalyzed polymerization of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by the system of starch, α-amylase or water-soluble nylon 3/copper(II) ion/H2O were investigated by spin trapping techniques. Using 2,4-dimethyl-3-nitrosobenzene sulfonate d8 and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as the water-soluble spin trapping agents, the simultaneous generation of both monomer and hydroxyl radicals has been observed, and the propriety of the initiation mechanism proposed previously was confirmed. Thus, the initiation of polymerization in the presence of copper(II) ion was concluded to take place through a hydrogen atom transfer from the complexed water to the β-carbon of the complexed monomer.
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  • 160
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2657-2693 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(N-acyl ethylenimine) of various molecular weights was synthesized by the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-H-2-oxazoline and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Acid hydrolysis afforded the linear poly(ethylenimine) which was used in the following grafting reactions. Vapor pressure osmometry, gel permeation chromatography and viscosity measurements were used to characterize the polymers synthesized.Potassium 2-(cytos-1-yl)propanoate and potassium 3-(cytos-1-yl)butanoate were synthesized in good yield from the nucleic acid base. These cytosyl pendant groups were grafted onto the poly(ethylenimine) using 4-chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)benzotriazole, 93% graft, and norborn-5-ene-2,3-carboximido diphenyl phosphate, 70% graft. Grafting of the t-butoxycarbonyl and n-butoxycarbonyl protected cytosyl pendant groups resulted in a 47% and 40% graft, respectively.
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  • 161
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2729-2738 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dye-sensitized photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate by acryflavin-ascorbic acid system in aqueous solution has been investigated. The systems were buffered with phosphate-citrate buffer (Na2HPO4, citrid acid) and the effects of monomer, dye, temperature, buffer, ascorbic acid, etc. on the rate of polymerization were studied. The rate of polymerization was evaluated gravimetrically. A suitable kinetic scheme was proposed and the composite rate constants were evaluated.
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  • 162
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2757-2764 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gold(III) fluorosulfate was shown to have potential for initiating the polymerization and graft copolymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and similar monomers at room temperature. Addition to THF of either gold(III) fluorosulfate or of gold(III) fluorosulfate and acetyl chloride (a model for a reactive polymer backbone) led to high yields (60-70%) of polytetrahydrofuran. IR, NMR, HPLC, and other studies were used to determine the mechanism of initiation in each case. They showed that in the absence of halide, the gold salt led to hydrogen abstraction from THF and formation of protonic acid, which then initiated polymerization. In the presence of halide, concurrent initiation due to the formation of tertiary oxonium ion by acetylation occurred. Gold(III) chloride precipitated simultaneously.
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  • 163
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2823-2830 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polysuccinimides has been prepared from 1,4-bis(tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dion-3-yl)benzene and characterized by various thermal and mechanical methods. This new class of polyimides showed excellent solvent and heat resistance, balanced mechanical property profile, and toughness.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2797-2813 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether)tosylate was prepared and used to initiate the polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. The resulting poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether)-b-poly(N-acetyl ethylenimine) was hydrolyzed and neutralized to give poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether)-b-poly(ethyl-enimine) (PEO-PEI). 2-(thymin-1-yl)propionic acid, N-Cbz-alanine, N-Cbz-proline, N-Cbz-O-t-Bu-serine. and N-FMOC-proline were grafted onto the PEO-PEI copolymer; attempts were then made to remove the Cbz and FMOC protecting groups.
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  • 165
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2831-2844 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(methyl methacrylate-g-urethane) was prepared by coupling between poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polyurethane. The polyurethane was obtained by bulk polycondensation of tolylene diisocyanate and polypropylene glycol. The two polymeric species were synthesized and characterized separately, and the composition of the grafted products varied only by the spacing of the grafted segments. Grafted copolymers with 5, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 70, and 90% of incorporated polyurethane have been prepared.
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  • 166
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3301-3313 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the study of the reactions taking place in molten bisphenol-A polycarbonate-poly(ethylene terephthalate) mixtures. The analysis of the reaction products by infrared, proton and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by thermogravimetric analysis shows that the main reaction is an exchange reaction identical to that occurring in bisphenol-A polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) mixtures. However, some other reactions consecutive to this exchange reaction also take place, probably resulting from the instability of the ethylene carbonates produced by transesterification.
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  • 167
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3349-3364 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adenine base grafted polyacrylamides and their corresponding monomer model compounds were prepared and examined. The results suggest that the monomer model compounds exist in a preferred conformation, whereas the adenine base grafted polyacrylamides exist in a limited ordered conformation in an aqueous medium.
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  • 168
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3381-3391 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma-polymerizations of perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMCH)/methane (CH4) mixture were investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ESCA; and gas transport characteristics of the plasma-films formed were studied. The addition of CH4 molecules to PFMCH accelerated defluorination to form plasma-polymers poor in fluorocarbon units. The surface energy of the plasma-polymers increased with increasing the CH4 concentration. The oxygen and nitrogen permeation coefficients (PO2 and PN2) and the PO2/PN2 ratio for the polymer films formed from the PFMCH/CH4 mixture depended on the CH4 concentration. The small CH4 addition was effective in improvement of the PO2 value and of the PO2/PN2 ratio, but the much addition was ineffective. The oxygen transport through the plasma-polymers was discussed.
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  • 169
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3433-3446 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The efficiencies of polyelectrolytes, i.e., polycations and polyanions, and several kinds of water-soluble polymers as fusogens on soybean phospholipid liposome (SL) and egg yolk phospholipid liposome (EL) were investigated by the fluorescence quenching method. There were optimal concentrations for the induction of fusion in every system. Polycations induced fusion of liposomes at very low concentration in comparison with other polymers. Poly(carboxylic acid)s induced fusion at relatively high concentration. A strong acidic polyanion with high molecular weight also induced fusion of liposomes. The induction efficiency of poly(ethylene glycol) on fusion was higher than other nonionic polymers. The efficiency of fusion of EL was lower than that of SL in all systems because of the higher stability of EL membrane. It was found that electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interaction between these water-soluble polymers and liposomal membranes played an important role on aggregation and fusion of liposomes.
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  • 170
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3461-3474 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solution properties of copolymers [C(MA-Py)x] of methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine and intermacromolecular complexes of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in the presence or absence of a proton-accepting water-soluble polymer such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in water/methanol mixed solvent are studied by potentiometric titration, turbidity and viscosity methods. These copolymers behave like polyampholytes and their solubilities are strongly dependent with pH changes. The pH regions where they are precipitated around their isoelectric points are narrower than those of the intermacromolecular complex of PMAA with PVP. The polyampholyte can form an intermacromolecular complex with PEG in acidic solution but this complex is soluble in the medium.
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  • 171
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3499-3513 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization kinetics of monodisperse polystyrene latexes prepared via successive seeding were studied in the region between Smith-Ewart Case 2 (n̄ = 1/2) and Case 3 (n̄ ≫ 1). Potassium persulfate was used as the initiator. The kinetics were measured in a piston/cylinder dilatometer designed for microgravity experiments. A recipe formulation method was developed by which a constant emulsifier (Aerosol-MA) surface coverage was maintained throughout a sequence, beginning with a 0.19 μm polystyrene seed. Monodisperse latexes up to 1 μm in size were prepared using 0.5 mM K2S2O8 with a 4% emulsifier surface coverage. The polymerizations were commenced in Interval III, the particles being swollen with twice their weight in monomer. The kinetics were characterized by the autoacceleration of the gel effect with the overall polymerization rate decreasing with increasing particle size (decreasing Np). The Case 2 to Case 3 kinetic transition was experienced in the first seeding step, however, independence of the rate on the number of particles was not evident even at high values of n̄ (n̄ 〉 10). This was attributed to a dependency of the free radical capture efficiency on the particle size (constant solids). Corroborating indirect evidence was supplied through surface charge analysis and detailed examination of the polymerization kinetics.
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3559-3567 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 295-295 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 174
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 297-298 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 175
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 339-341 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 353-353 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 355-356 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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