ISSN:
1432-1793
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Biology
Notes:
Abstract Toxic mechanisms of the red tide flagellate, Chattonella marina, collected in 1985 from Kagoshima Bay, Japan, were studied at the subcellular level. C. marina was found to reduce ferricytochrome c at a rate related to the concentration of plankton cells. Ca. 50% of the cytochrome c reduction was inhibited by the addition of 100 U superoxide dismutase ml-1. These results suggest that a part of the cytochrome c reduction was caused by a superoxide anion which was extracellulary released from C. marina. Moreover, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide was detected in the C. marina suspension using the fluorescence spectrophotometric assay method. The identity of the hydrogen peroxide was confirmed by its reaction with 500 U catalase ml-1. It is thus proposed that C. marina produces harmful active oxygen radicals and therefore exhibits a toxic effect on surrounding living organisms. In agreement with these results, C. marina strongly inhibited the proliferation of marine bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus, in a plankton/bacteria co-culture system. The growth inhibition of bacteria caused by C. marina was related to the density and the metabolic potential of C. marina. Ruptured plankton showed no toxic effect on the bacteria. Furthermore, the toxic effect of C. marina on V. alginolyticus was completely suppressed by the addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition to these radical-scavenging enzymes, a chemical scavenger, sodium benzoate, also had a protective effect. These results suggest that oxygen radicals are important in the toxic action of C. marina.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356297
