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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (35)
  • Electronic Resource  (35)
  • 1995-1999  (29)
  • 1970-1974  (6)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (35)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (35)
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Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 459-470 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die viskoelastischen Eigenschaften einer Reihe von Pfropf-Kopolymeren von Polymethylacrylat mit Styrol, die sich im Grad der Pfropfung und damit folgerichtig in der heterogenen Struktur unterscheiden, wurden mit der mechanischen Relaxation im Bereich von Glas-bis zum Gummi-Verhalten untersucht. Das Relaxationsverhalten der entsprechenden Homopolymeren war zuvor in Form von 4 verschiedenen Relaxationsmechanismen festgelegt worden; lokalisierte Relaxation verknüpft mit dem sek. Glasübergang, zwei Arten von intramolekularer Relaxation entsprechend kooperativer thermischer Diffusion von Kettensegmenten im Kurz- und Langbereich, beide verknüpft mit dem prim. Glas-Gummi-Übergang und zwischen-molekularer Relaxation, ebenfalls aufgrund kooperativer thermischer Bewegung von Kettensegmenten, aber über weite Bereiche einschl. der sog. Kettenverhakungen. Das Relaxationsverhalten des heterogenen Systems der Pfropf-Kopolymeren wurde auf Grundlage einer homogenen Spannung sowohl für das System als für die 4 verschiedenen Relaxationsmechanismen der bei-den Komponenten analysiert. Es traten zwei Typen von zusätzlichen Relaxations-mechanismen auf, die mit Grenzflächenphänomenen und mit dem Fließen ganzer Pfropfketten (Abbau) in Domänen-Strukturen zusammenhängen, sie wurden als charakteristisch für das System betrachtet.
    Notes: Summary The viscoelastic properties of a series of graft copolymers of poly(methyl acrylate) with styrene differing in the degree of grafting and, consequently, in the heterogeneous structure, were investigated in terms of the relaxation modulus function in a range from glassy to rubber flow consistencies. The relaxation behavior of the corresponding homopolymers was first analyzed in terms of the four different relaxation mechanisms; localized relaxation mechanism associated with the secondary glass transition, two types of intra-molecular relaxation mechanisms due to cooperative thermal diffusion of chain segments in short and long ranges, respectively, both associated with the primary glass-rubber transition, and inter-molecular relaxation mechanisms due to also the cooperative thermal diffusion of chain segments but in further long range including the so-called chain entanglements. The relaxation behavior of the heterogeneous system of the graft copolymers was then analyzed on the bases of the homogeneous strain hypothesis for the system as well as of the four different relaxation mechanisms for both of the two components. Two types of additional relaxation mechanisms associated with the grain boundary phenomena and with the flow of entire graft copolymer chains after melting (disintegration) of the domain structures, respectively, were investigated as characteristics of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 12 (1971), S. 104-117 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cosmic soft X-rays in the energy range between 0.14 and 7 keV were observed with thin polypropylene window proportional counters on board a sounding rocket. The field of view crossed the galactic plane in the Cygnus-Cassiopeia region at a large angle and reached the galactic latitudes of −55° and +30°. Referring also to the result with Be window counters, we obtained the energy spectrum of Cyg XR-2, the flux from the Cas A region and the distribution of the intensity of diffuse X-rays over the scanned region. The turn-over of the Cyg XR-2 spectrum at about 1 keV indicates that the distance of the Cyg XR-2 source lies between 600 and 800 pc, if the turn-over is due entirely to interstellar absorption. The flux from the Cas A region is obtained as 0.23±0.05 photons cm−2 sec−1 in the energy range between 1.1 and 4.1 keV. The intensity of diffuse soft X-rays depends on the galactic latitude more weakly than expected from the interstellar absorption of extragalactic X-rays and shows asymmetry with respect to the galactic equator, thus suggesting a contribution of galactic X-rays. The spectrum of extragalactic X-rays is approximately represented by a power lawE −1.8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 273-275 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autoradiographic studies on spleen of rats show — compared with results after cryosurgery on liver and kidney of rats — that local deep tissue freezing induces irreversible cell injuries, but the localized spleen freezing is followed by an exceptionally fast healing process. After 3 weeks, there are no proliferative mesenchymal activities in the granulation tissue 4 weeks after cryonecrosis, only a small scar can be detected on the spleen surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 351-356 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Hyperthermia ; Glioma ; Rat ; c-Jun
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hyperthermia has been shown to inhibit glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo, and has been reported to induce apoptosis of a variety of cells. We investigated the role of apoptosis in tumor cell death following hyperthermia in a rat glioma model representing human glioblastoma. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. We also examined c-Jun expression immunohistochemically. Apoptotic cell death in rat brain tumors that grew after implantation of C6 glioma cells showed regional differences. In all rats, apoptotic cells, characterized by extreme chromatin condensation and fragmented nuclei with apoptotic bodies in H & E-stained sections, were observed in the gliomas’ necrotic cores. TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the border zones between necrotic and vital tumor cells. Before hyperthermia, TUNEL-positive cells were sporadically distributed in the vital tumor tissue. After hyperthermia, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the peripheral region of the tumor mass increased significantly, reached a peak after 6 h and returned to the basal level within 24 h (P 〈 0.01). C-Jun protein immunoreactivity was not observed in the cells at the tumor periphery. These data indicate that significantly apoptotic cell death unrelated to c-Jun expression occurs after hyperthermia, and that this form of cell death may be the mechanism of tumor regression following hyperthermia treatment of intracranial gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.35.Fx ; 68.60.Dv ; 68.65. + g
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Platinum-carbon multilayer mirrors with a bilayer spacing of 50 Å were fabricated in an ultrahigh vacuum electron beam evaporator. The thermal stability of these multilayers was studied under vacuum annealing using X-ray reflectivity and X-ray diffraction. Up to 450°C, the bilayer spacing increases monotonically accompanied by a gradual increase in crystallite size and grain texture. At 500°C multilayer reflection vanishes, platinum crystallites grow abruptly, and there is a strong texture of platinum in the [220] -plane. Possible reasons for thermally induced structural modifications in these multilayers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.35.Fx; 68.60.Dv; 68.65.+g
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Platinum-carbon multilayer mirrors with a bilayer spacing of 50 AÅ were fabricated in an ultrahigh vacuum electron beam evaporator. The thermal stability of these multilayers was studied under vacuum annealing using X-ray reflectivity and X-ray diffraction. Up to 450 °C, the bilayer spacing increases monotonically accompanied by a gradual increase in crystallite size and grain texture. At 500 °C multilayer reflection vanishes, platinum crystallites grow abruptly, and there is a strong texture of platinum in the [220] -plane. Possible reasons for thermally induced structural modifications in these multilayers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Glucagon ; insulin secretion ; exendin (9 ; 39) ; GLP-1 ; pancreas perfusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide (7–37) (GLP-1) has been found to be a potent insulinotropic hormone, it has been postulated that glucagon stimulates insulin secretion from islet beta cells through the GLP-1 receptor. We therefore examined the effects of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin (9–39) amide, on glucagon- or GLP-1-stimulated insulin release from isolated perfused rat pancreas. When infusion of 100 nmol/l exendin (9–39) amide was started 5 min before that of 1 nmol/l glucagon, the stimulation of insulin release by glucagon was similar to that found in the control situation (preinfusion with vehicle alone). By contrast, when 0.3 nmol/l GLP-1 was used in the same experimental setting, exendin (9–39) amide clearly inhibited insulin release. These results indicate that glucagon stimulates insulin release mainly through glucagon receptors but not GLP-1 receptors on islet beta cells. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 274–276]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Transgenic mice ; aldose reductase ; diabetic angiopathies ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic nephropathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the role of human aldose reductase (hAR) in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, we generated transgenic mice carrying hAR cDNA driven by the murine MHC class I molecule promoter (hAR-Tg). Northern and Western blot analyses and immunoassay of hAR revealed that both hAR mRNA and the protein were expressed in all tissues tested. Thrombosis in renal vessels and fibrinous deposits in Bowman's capsule were observed in 6-week-old hAR-Tg mice fed a normal diet. Ingestion of a 30% glucose diet for 5 days caused sorbitol concentrations in the liver, kidney, and muscle of hAR-Tg mice to be elevated significantly. Seven-week-old hAR-Tg mice fed a 20% galactose diet for 7 days developed cataracts and occlusion of the retinochoroidal vessels, in addition to pathological changes in the kidney. Despite an elevated aldose reductase level in hAR-Tg mice and their intake of an aldose diet, no histopathological changes were found in other tissues, including the brain, lungs, heart, thymus, spleen, intestine, liver, muscle, spinal cord, or sciatic nerve. Results suggest that target organs of diabetic complications, such as the kidney, lens, and retina are sensitive to damage associated with a high level of AR expression, but other organs are not; the susceptibility of each organ to diabetic complications is determined by not only hAR but also other factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon ; insulin secretion ; exendin (9–39) ; GLP-1 ; pancreas perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide (7–37) (GLP-1) has been found to be a potent insulinotropic hormone, it has been postulated that glucagon stimulates insulin secretion from islet beta cells through the GLP-1 receptor. We therefore examined the effects of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin (9–39) amide, on glucagon- or GLP-1-stimulated insulin release from isolated perfused rat pancreas. When infusion of 100 nmol/l exendin (9–39) amide was started 5 min before that of 1 nmol/l glucagon, the stimulation of insulin release by glucagon was similar to that found in the control situation (preinfusion with vehicle alone). By contrast, when 0.3 nmol/l GLP-1 was used in the same experimental setting, exendin (9–39) amide clearly inhibited insulin release. These results indicate that glucagon stimulates insulin release mainly through glucagon receptors but not GLP-1 receptors on islet beta cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1493-1494 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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