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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (62)
  • 2000-2004  (18)
  • 1990-1994  (36)
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discontinuity of B-diffusion profiles at the interface of polycrystalline Si and single crystal Si (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3800-3804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron diffusion in polycrystalline Si-on-single crystal Si systems has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The extrapolated B-diffusion profiles in polycrystalline Si and in the single crystal Si substrate reveal a discontinuity at the polycrystalline Si-single crystal Si interface. The discontinuity in the B profiles is believed to occur due to the blockage of B-defect complexes by the interfacial oxide between polycrystalline Si and the single-crystal Si substrate, as well as the immobility of these defect complexes in single crystal Si. The B in the implant peak region above the B solid solubility limit is found to be immobile in single crystal Si during annealing due to the formation of electrically inactive B-defect complexes. In polycrystalline Si, however, our results show that the B in the peak region spreads out more rapidly than in single crystal Si possibly due to the diffusion of B-defect complexes along grain boundaries. The B-defect complexes are electrically inactive as determined by spreading resistance analysis. If the B concentration is lowered below the solid solubility limit, either by decreasing the dose or by raising the anneal temperature, no discontinuity is observed in the B profile across the polycrystalline Si-single crystal Si interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352886
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiphonon hopping conduction in nonconventional chromium-doped Bi3Pb1Sr3Ca3Cu4−nCrnOx (n=0.025–0.2) glasses with nanocrystalline particles and clusters (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5033-5042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transport properties of Cr containing multicomponent oxide glasses Bi3Pb1Sr3Ca3Cu4−nCrnOx (n=0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) dispersed with nanocrystalline particles (5–20 nm depending on the values of n) have been reported in the temperature range of 250–450 K. Conductivity of this glass-nanocrystal composite system shows little decrease with increasing Cr content. Above θD/2 (θD is the Debye temperature), conductivity data can be analyzed with small polaron hopping models. Interestingly, unlike undoped Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4Ox (or Bi-4334) glasses [showing nonadiabatic small polaron hopping (SPH) conduction at T〉θD/2], the Cr doped glasses supports adiabatic SPH conduction mechanism above θD/2 indicating change of glass network structure due to partial substitution of Cu by Cr. But below this temperature Mott's or Greaves' variable range hopping models can be consistently used to fit the experimental conductivity data only with larger (compared to the usual transition metal oxide glasses) values of the density of states at the Fermi level N(EF). The most probable transport mechanism for the entire range of temperature and glass compositions is concluded to be due to multiphonon tunneling of large polarons between the nanoclusters present in the glasses which is also in sharp contrast to the behavior of the undoped (Bi-4334) glass. All the glass samples (except n≥0.2) are found to become superconductors by annealing at higher temperatures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1317237
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size and magnetic field dependent resistivity and thermoelectric power of La0.5Pb0.5MnO3 above and below metal–insulator transition (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5125-5134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of particle size on the transport properties (resistivity and thermopower) of La0.5Pb0.5MnO3 has been investigated both in the presence and in the absence of magnetic field B=0.0–1.5 T (maximum). Grain size, dc conductivity; and the metal–insulator transition temperature Tp of the sample increase with increasing annealing time. Grain size has, however, comparatively little effect on the Seebeck coefficient S. Magnetoresistance is higher for the samples with smaller grain sizes. dc magnetic susceptibility also increases with increasing grain size. High temperature (T〉θD/2) resistivity data well fit the small polaron hopping model. Polaron hopping energy WH decreases but polaron radius rp increases with the increase of grain size. In the metallic regime (for T〈Tp), resistivity data fit well with ρ=ρ0+ρ2.5 T2.5 and the transport mechanism is attributed mainly to the magnon-carrier scattering (∼T2.5). In all the samples with different grain sizes, S changes sign below Tp. In contrast to magnetoresistance, application of magnetic field increases S at low temperature (T〈Tp) for these samples. Thermopower data in the metallic phase (both for B=0.0 and 1.5 T) can be analyzed by considering a spin-wave fluctuation term (∼T4) in addition to the magnon-scattering term similar to the case of resistivity data. Although the variable range hopping mechanism is supported from the resistivity data (for Tp〉T〉θD/2), it is hard to justify this model from the temperature dependent thermopower data. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of optical response in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films and grain-boundary weak links (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5829-5838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical response of single grain-boundary weak links in superconducting YBCO thin films has been investigated. At temperatures well below the transition temperature, the grain boundary exhibits an optical response which is qualitatively different from transition edge response. Using a resistively shunted-junction model for the grain-boundary weak link, we find that the optical response below the transition temperature can be described by radiation induced thermal modulation of the critical currents of the weak links. The dependence on the bias current and the temperature distinguishes the weak-link optical response from the transition edge optical response. We discuss novel aspects of a potential radiation detector based on grain-boundary weak-link junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358396
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women's perceptions of decision-making about hysterectomy (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 111 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  To explore women's views of decision-making relating to hysterectomy.Design  Structured questionnaire and in-depth interview surveys.Setting  A teaching hospital and a district general hospital in northeast Scotland.Sample  Women scheduled for hysterectomy for benign menstrual problems.Methods  Pre-operative questionnaires were sent to a consecutive sample of women booked for hysterectomy. A purposive sample was interviewed post-operatively.Main outcome measures  Women's experiences of, and satisfaction with, information provision, communication and decision-making processes; the relationship between views of decision-making processes and decisions made.Results  One hundred and four women (66%) returned questionnaires. Most responded positively to structured questions about the process by which the decision to have a hysterectomy was reached. Almost all (97%) reported satisfaction with the decision made. Twenty women were interviewed post-operatively. A number, including some who had responded positively on the questionnaire, described aspects of the decision-making process that were suboptimal. Women's perceptions of the decision-making process, including the way their doctors communicated with them, did impinge on their views of the course of action selected. Some women had residual doubts about the appropriateness of hysterectomy.Conclusions  In a significant minority of women, there are important shortcomings in current patterns of information provision and communication relating to decision-making. These are unlikely to be picked up by conventional structured patient feedback surveys. Further efforts are required to ensure that women are adequately informed and involved in decisions about gynaecological treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.00027.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x/Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−y bilayer thin films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2425-2427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bilayers of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x(YBCO)/Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−y(NCCO), in which both layers were superconducting, were fabricated in situ by pulsed laser deposition. Using N2O as the reactive gas, we were able to meet the conflicting processing requirements, oxygenation for YBCO, and reduction for NCCO, in the same sample with a specific cooling procedure. The bilayer thin films were c-axis oriented with a transition temperature, Tco, of 88.5 K for YBCO and 18.5 K for NCCO. Supercurrent was observed across the interface of the YBCO and NCCO superconducting layers, indicating the phase coherence between these superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109385
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High critical current densities in ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−δ films sandwiched between (PrxY1−x)Ba2Cu3O7−δ layers (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1289-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films with nominal thicknesses of 1–4 unit cells were grown by pulsed laser deposition using (PrxY1−x)Ba2Cu3O7−δ [(PrxY1−x)BCO] (1≥x≥0) as buffer layers and cap layers. The films of 1 unit cell thick were superconducting for all the x values while Tc increased when x was reduced. For adjacent layers of (Pr0.6Y0.4)BCO which is semiconducting, a Tc of 43 K and Jc of 2×106 A/cm2 for B(parallel)ab and 4×105 A/cm2 for B⊥ab at B=7 T and 4.2 K were obtained in a one-unit cell thick YBCO layer. The Jc values of a few unit cell thick YBCO layers nearly approached that of thick YBCO films. The results suggest the absence of significant weak-link effects in these films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108710
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition and reduction of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−y superconducting thin films (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2356-2358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting thin films of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−y (NCCO) were grown at 720–820 °C by pulsed laser deposition in N2O atmosphere. The reduction subsequent to the deposition was found to be critical, and was studied systematically for various temperature, atmosphere, and duration. An ac susceptibility technique was used to stringently characterize the film quality. Very high quality films were made with optimized reduction conditions which showed a Tc(R=0) of 22.4 K, with a transition width of 0.2 K and a Jc (4.2 K) of 8×105/cm2 at zero field. Microwave surface resistance Rs was measured at 9.6 GHz and a value of ∼3 mΩ was obtained at 4.2 K in a 5000 A(ring) thick NCCO film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108242
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field effect in high Tc superconducting ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−x films (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3470-3472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A multilayer high Tc superconducting field-effect transistor-like structure was made from ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−x films. An epitaxially grown dielectric SrTiO3 insulation layer, which had a forward bias breakdown voltage of about 20 V, allowed an electric field induced change in the channel layer of 1.25×1013 carrier/cm2 per volt of the gate voltage. A significant modulation of the normal state and superconducting properties was observed in samples with YBa2Cu3O7−x channel layers of a few unit cells thick. By applying gate voltage of different polarities, Tc was both suppressed and enhanced by ∼1 K. The resistance was modulated by as much as 20% in the normal state and by over 1500% near the zero resistance temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105656
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical response of an ultrathin film and a large-angle grain-boundary in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3510-3512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the optical response of epitaxial ultrathin (3 nm) YBa2Cu3O7−δ film on NdGaO3 substrate and thin (50 nm) film of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on a bicrystal SrTiO3 substrate. While the current-voltage characteristics of the ultrathin film indicate a Kosterlitz–Thouless transition (associated with vortex–antivortex unbinding) at a temperature TKT, we do not observe any optical response at or below TKT. An enhanced optical response with nonbolometric characteristics was observed from the grain-boundary as compared to the bolometric optical response of the epitaxial film at the resistive transition. These results indicate that the grain-boundary weak links play a significant role in the enhanced optical response near Tc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109011
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