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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (19)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organelle assortment and mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in Brassica somatic hybrids and cybrids (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Protoplast fusion permits manipulations of organelle genomes not readily achieved by other in vitro procedures or sexual crosses. Although considerable information is now available about the fate of chloroplasts and mitochondria in fusion products of various genera, many additional questions about factors affecting organelles after fusion remain to be answered. Brassica species are particularly favorable materials for such studies. Organelle assortment, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination, and plant phenotypes observed after fusion of protoplasts from cytoplasmic male sterile B. oleracea with protoplasts from B. campestris, B. oleracea or B. napus are described. The somatic hybrids and cybrids obtained at Cornell have been used for detailed studies of recombinant mtDNA, including correlation of a specific mtDNA region with the ogura type of cytoplasmic male sterility, and have provided plant materials for possible use in hybrid breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04742.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of male sterile, triazine-resistant Brassica napus by somatic hybridization between cytoplasmic male sterile B. oleracea and atrazine-resistant B. campestris (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Protoplast fusion ; Triazine resistance ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fusion of leaf protoplasts from an inbred line of Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower, n=9) carrying the Ogura (R1) male sterile cytoplasm with hypocotyl protoplasts of B. campestris ssp. oleifera (cv “Candle”, n=10) carrying an atrazine-resistant (ATR) cytoplasm resulted in the production of synthetic B. napus (n=19). Thirty-four somatic hybrids were produced; they were characterized for morphology, phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes, ribosomal DNA hybridization patterns, chromosome numbers, and organelle composition. All somatic hybrids carried atrazine-resistant chloroplasts derived from B. campestris. The mitochondrial genomes in 19 hybrids were examined by restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analyses. Twelve of the 19 hybrids contained mitochondria showing novel DNA restriction patterns; of these 12 hybrids, 5 were male sterile and 7 were male fertile. The remaining hybrids contained mitochondrial DNA that was identical to that of the ATR parent and all were male fertile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265310
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro selection for methomyl resistance in CMS-T maize (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 672-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Methomyl (Lannate) resistance ; In vitro selection ; Maize (Zea mays L.) tissue culture ; Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) ; Mitochondrial mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many plants resistant to methomyl (Lannate), an insecticide which selectively damages maize with the Texas (T) type of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-T), were obtained by in vitro selection and also without selection. The selection procedure used 0.6–0.7mM methomyl and callus from CMS-T versions of several field and sweet corn genotypes (W182BN, Wf9, P39, MDM1, SW1 and hybrids of SW1, IL766A1, IL766A2, and 442 with W182BN-N). Addition of 1 mM methomyl to the regeneration medium greatly reduced recovery of methomyl-sensitive escapes. Resistance was linked with reversion to male fertility and maternally inherited. Most progeny of resistant plants exhibited stable maternally inherited resistance for two generations in field tests. First-generation progeny of seven culture-derived plants segregated for resistance and sensitivity; this suggests that ears of these seven regenerants were cytoplasmically chimeral. Resistance to methomyl was associated with resistance to T toxin from Helminthosporium maydis race T and with changes in mitochondrial physiology. Prolonged culture (14–16 months versus 6–8 months) increased the frequency of resistance among both selected and non-selected regenerants. Little or no resistance was found among regenerants from certain genotypes. Selection with methomyl may be useful for production of improved sweet corn lines and as a source of mitochondrial mutants. This system is also convenient for studies of the effects of nuclear background and of culture and selection systems on the generation of cytoplasmic mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262563
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect-resistant plants with improved horticultural traits from interspecific potato hybrids grown in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum berthaultii ; Insect resistance ; Introgression ; Potato somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from petiole calli of interspecific hybrids of Solanum tuberosum x S. berthaultii, an insect-resistant wild species. Callus culture was used to generate genetic changes to overcome the restricted recombination between the two genomes. Two plants out of 58 (3.5%) from calli of hybrid J114-1 showed stable and heritable differences from the hybrid over two cycles of evaluations in the field. Replicated trials were conducted in 1987 and 1988, using two populations of plants propagated by nodal cuttings from the original regenerates maintained in vitro. One regenerate showed insect resistance and increased marketable yield (approximately two fold) in the field. The other had higher levels of phenolic exudate in one of the two types of foliar trichomes associated with the insect resistance mechanism. Some desirable changes were discernible only in sexual progeny of regenerates, not in the regenerates themselves. In a backcross to S. tuberosum, 7 of 14 (50%) regenerates from hybrid F743-4 showed more progeny (up to 15-fold) with improved trichome traits and horticultural characteristics than the original hybrid. The variations were not associated with changes in ploidy. Fifteen plants obtained from these crosses are currently being incorporated into breeding lines. These results suggest that a period of callus culture followed by plant regeneration may aid in the introgression of desirable traits from wild species into crop plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrazine-resistant cytoplasmic male-sterile-nigra broccoli obtained by protoplast fusion between cytoplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea and atrazine-resistant Brassica campestris (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1991), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Atrazine resistance ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Protoplast fusion ; CMS-nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplast fusion was used to combine the cytoplasmic traits of atrazine resistance and male sterility in Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli). Leaf protoplasts from broccoli with the petaloid B. nigra type of cytoplasmic male sterility were fused with hypocotyl protoplasts from an atrazine-resistant biotype of B. campestris var. oleifera cv Candle (oilseed rape). A total of 19 colonies regenerated shoots, all of which were broccolilike in phenotype, i.e., lacked trichomes. Four shoots, all from one colony, were atrazine resistant, surviving and growing in the presence of 25 μM atrazine. A leaf piece assay also confirmed that they were atrazine resistant. Molecular analysis showed that they contain chloroplasts from the atrazine-resistant B. campestris parent and mitochondria from the B. nigra parent. No recombination or rearrangement of the mitochondrial genomes in the fusion products was detected. These four plants and their progeny all showed the petaloid B. nigra type of male sterility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226252
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the fungal phytotoxin victorin: Structures of three novel amino acids from the acid hydrolyzate (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1370-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cochliobolus victoriae ; Helminthosporium ; Bipolaris ; Avena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The host-selective phytotoxin victorin, produced by the fungusCochliobolus victoriae, was found to be at least partially peptidic in nature, and did not contain victoxinine. The exact mass of the M-H ion was measured by FABMS as 795.1877. Derivatives of three major acid hydrolysis products were isolated. The structures of the corresponding amino acids were assigned as 2S,3R-3-hydroxyleucine, 5,5-dichloroleucine, and 3-hydroxylysine. A into victorin by the fungus in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01949994
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal biological activities of the cyclic tetrapeptides chlamydocin and HC-toxin (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 348-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chlamydocin ; HC-toxin ; phytotoxin ; cytostatic agent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chlamydocin, a potent cytostatic agent against cultured mammalian cells, and HC-toxin, a host-specific phytotoxin, are cyclic tetrapeptides containing the same epoxide α-amino acid. We show here that these compounds have reciprocal biological activity; HC-toxin is cytostatic against cultured mastocytoma cells, and chlamydocin has host-specific toxin activity against maize. Chlamydocin and another related cyclic peptide, Cyl-2, are less host-specific than HC-toxin because maize tolerant to HC-toxin is more sensitive to chlamydocin and Cyl-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004498
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel mitochondrial genomes in Brassica napus somatic hybrids (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Brassica ; Somatic hybrids ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial genomes of nine male-fertile and two Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) Brassica napus somatic hybrids were probed with 46 mitochondrial DNA fragments. The distribution of information obtained from each fusion partner was not random. Several regions, including the coxI gene and a major recombination repeat sequence, were always derived from the Brassica campestris fusion partner, and some regions were always derived from the Ogura mitochondrial genome. Novel fragments occurred in seven distinct regions. Some of the rearrangement breakpoints were located near the evolutionary breakpoints relating the mitochondrial genomes of the Brassica species. The sizes of the mitochondrial genomes in the somatic hybrids ranged from 224.8 to 285.3 kb. A direct correlation between a specific gene and the cms phenotype was not observed; however, a possible cms-associated region was identified. It corresponds to a region that was identified through analysis of fertile revertants from a cms B. napus cybrid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351732
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of callus formation ability in anther cultures of rice, Oryza sativa L. (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Microspore ; Anther culture ; Callus formation ; Diallel analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of ability to form callus in rice anther culture was studied using the diallel technique. Anthers containing uninucleate microspores from two japonica cultivais (‘Minehikari’ and ‘Taipei 309’), two indica cultivars (‘Mingolo’ and ‘Suweon 290’), and 12 F1's of the diallel crosses involving these four parents were cultured on Chaleffs R2 medium and evaluated for callus induction. The parents showed significant differences in anther callus formation, from 41.9% (‘Taipei 309’) to 0% (‘Suweon 290’). Callus induction ability was inherited as a recessive character conditioned by a single block of genes. Additive gene effects were predominant. The japonica types seemed to be good combiners for callus induction. The order of dominance among the four parents was ‘Suweon 290’, ‘Mingolo’, ‘Minehikari’ and ‘Taipei 309’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertility restoration and mitochondrial nucleic acids distinguish at least five subgroups among cms-S cytoplasms of maize (Zea mays L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 5-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; cms-S ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Double-stranded RNA ; Gametophytic restoration of fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Differences in fertility restoration and mitochondrial nucleic acids permitted division of 25 accessions of S-type male sterile cytoplasm (cms-S) of maize into five subgroups: B/D, CA, LBN, ME, and S(USDA). S cytoplasm itself (USDA cytoplasm) was surprisingly not representative of cms-S, since only two other accessions, TC and I, matched its mitochondrial DNA pattern. CA was the predominant subgroup, containing 18 of the 25 accessions. The B/D and ME subgroups were the most fertile and LBN the most sterile. The exceptional sterility of LBN cytoplasm makes it the most promising of the 25 cms-S accessions for the production of hybrid seed. The most efficient means of quantifying the fertility of the subgroups was analysis of pollen morphology in plants having cms-S cytoplasm and simultaneously being heterozygous for nuclear restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes. This method took advantage of the gametophytic nature of cms-S restoration. The inbred NY821LERf was found to contain at least two restorer genes for cms-S. Fertility differences were correlated with mitochondrial nucleic acid variation in the LBN, ME, and S (USDA) subgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278246
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