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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma is elevated in HIV-1 infected patients with retinal microangiopathic syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 288-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV-1 ; Endothelins ; Endothelin-1 ; Cytokine ; Retinal microangiopathic syndrome ; Vascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin-1 is a recently identified cytokine with potent vasoconstrictor activity which is associated with various diseases involving blood vessels. HIV-1 related retinal microangiopathic syndrome is a frequent finding in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, presenting predominantly with retinal cotton-wool spots. We investigated 55 HIV-1 infected patients by ophthalmoscopy and for endothelin-I immunoreactivity in plasma and an additional 76 HIV-1 infected patients only for endothelin-1 levels. For reference values 13 age-matched healthy subjects were studied. In 18 of 55 patients (33%) investigated ophthalmoscopically we found evidence of microangiopathic syndrome. Overall, the mean endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma of HIV-1 infected patients was significantly elevated as compared to controls (4.28 ± 3.62 versus 2.72 ± 0.67 fmol/ml, P 〈 0.0001). HIV-1 infected patients with retinal microangiopathic syndrome had significantly higher plasma levels of endothelin-1 immunoreactivity (4.59 ± 1.38 fmol/ ml) compared to HIV-1 infected patients without microangiopathic syndrome (3.18 ± 1.64 fmol/ml, P = 0.003). Correlation analysis revealed that endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma had no significant association with disease progression, CD4 cell count, β2-mi-croglobulin, neopterin, or age. Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma was correlated exclusively with retinal microangiopathic syndrome in one or both eyes (r = 0.45, P = 0.0006) and with the number of cotton-wool spots (r = 0.50, P = 0.0001). In conlusion, HIV-1 related retinal microangiopathic syndrome is associated with elevated plasma levels of endothelin-1. By virtue of its potent vasoconstrictor activity endothelin-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 related vascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumes and Na+/H+ antiporter activity of lymphocytes in patients with congestive heart failure (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 985-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cell volume ; Na+/H+ antiporter activity ; Human mononuclear leukocytes ; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ; Diuretic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) treated with diuretics and/or digoxin have shown abnormalities of cellular volume and electrolytes in biopsies of skeletal muscle. These abnormalities seem to play an important role with regard to the dysregulation of peripheral vascular resistance and characteristic clinical features of CHF, for example, muscular weakness. This study assessed the effect of angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy on cell volume and cell volume regulation in patients with CHF. Cell diameters of human mononuclear leukocytes (HML) were determined electronically by a Coulter Counter. Cell diameters for 19 patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (determined via levocardiography) on therapy with ACE inhibitors (group 1) were compared to those of HML from patients on diuretics alone (group 2,n = 16). The activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter was determined by cell swelling in isotonic propionate. The control group consisted of 20 normal, age- and sex-matched volunteers. HML diameters were significantly increased from 7.16 ± 0.07 in normals to 7.24 ± 0.08 μm (group 1;P 〈 0.01) and 7.23 ± 0.11 μm (group 2;P 〈 0.05), indicating an abnormal regulation of cell volume. There were no statistically significant correlations between the individual ejection fraction or digoxin therapy and average cell diameters. In both patient groups ethylisopropylamiloride-sensitive swelling rates were normal compared to the control group indicating a normal activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter. In conclusion, increased cell sizes reflect a structural change in HML rather than a rapidly reversible functional abnormality which was not affected different by ACE inhibition and diuretic therapy. The pathomechanisms underlying abnormal cell sizes in CHF patients remain to be determined but could be similar to those responsible for muscular changes in CHF. Further studies should show whether HML, being easily accessible, are a valid cell model to reflect these muscular abnormalities in CHF, and whether a normal cell size can be achieved therapeutically by normalized neurohumoral activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577741
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term effects of oral enoximone on hemodynamics, exercise capacity, anaerobic threshold, and arrhythmias in congestive heart failure (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 430-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Congestive heart failure ; PDE inhibition ; Positive inotropic action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase-inhibitor, is a potent inotropic vasodilator agent that causes a marked improvement in hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure. The acute effects of oral enoximone on rest and exercise hemodynamics, ejection fraction, aerobic metabolism, exercise capacity, and arrhythmias were studied in 11 patients with moderate to moderately severe dilative cardiomyopathy after 8 days of enoximone (100 mg tid) in addition to baseline therapy (diuretics and digitalis). The cardiac index increased from 2.44±0.45 to 2.72±0.50 l/min/m2 (p〈0.01) at rest and from 4.00±0.96 to 4.75±0.95 l/min/m2 (p〈0.005) during exercise. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 16.8±7.3 to 12.5±6.5 mmHg (p〈0.005) at rest and from 28.2±8.0 to 24.5±10.3 mmHg (p〈 0.05) during exercise. Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1608±243 to 1495±300 dynes*sec*cm−5 (p〈0.05) at rest and from 1152±155 to 1027±236 dynes*sec*cm−5 (ns) during exercise. The anaerobic threshold, which was recorded simultaneously, increased from 13.2±2.7 to 15.5± 2.5ml/kg/min VO2 (p〈0.02). The radionuclide ventriculography ejection fraction improved from 21.7±5.0 to 28.1±9.1% (p〈0.01) during exercise; the changes at rest were not significant (20.8±6.2 vs 25.8±8.4%). Exercise tolerance showed an increase of 16% (492±133 to 573±135 sec, p〈 0.005). The resting heart rate remained unchanged (81.8±13.4 vs 81.8±11.9). Interestingly, 24-h Holter monitoring revealed more or new repetitive arrhythmias in 9/11 patients. Short-term therapy with oral enoximone enhances ventricular performance by increasing cardiac contractility and lowering vascular resistance, both of which extend exercise tolerance and improve aerobic metabolism. Potential proarrhythmic effects need further evaluation, however.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666828
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three step protocol for the treatment of idiopathic subfertility (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 255 (1994), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Idiopathic subfertility ; Infertility ; Intrauterine insemination ; In vitro fertilization ; Ovarian stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  650 couples with idiopathic subfertility (mean duration: 5.7 year, range 2–21 years) were treated during 2870 cycles by three assisted conception methods (each involving mild ovarian stimulation): I timed intercourse (TI), II intrauterine insemination (IUI), III in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET). Treatment started with TI in most cases and then changed to IUI after three to six cycles. Couples who failed to conceive were treated after another 3–9 cycles by IVF/ET. An overall cumulative pregnancy rate of 80.2% was reached after 18 treatment months. The pregnancy rates per treatment cycle were: TI 5.3%, IUI 6.9%, IVF/ET 15.8% (per oocyte retrieval).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three step protocol for the treatment of idiopathic subfertility (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 255 (1994), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Idiopathic subfertility ; Infertility ; Intrauterine insemination ; In vitro fertilization ; Ovarian stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 650 couples with idiopathic subfertility (mean duration: 5.7 year, range 2–21 years) were treated during 2870 cycles by three assisted conception methods (each involving mild ovarian stimulation): I timed intercourse (TI), II intrauterine insemination (IUI), III in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET). Treatment started with TI in most cases and then changed to IUI after three to six cycles. Couples who failed to conceive were treated after another 3–9 cycles by IVF/ET. An overall cumulative pregnancy rate of 80.2% was reached after 18 treatment months. The pregnancy rates per treatment cycle were: TI 5.3%, IUI 6.9%, IVF/ET 15.8% (per oocyte retrieval)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02335082
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrequent detection of HIV-1 components in tears compared to blood of HIV-1-infected persons (1992)
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neben der Infektionsgefahr durch HIV-haltiges Blut interessiert Ophthalmologen vor allem auch die Möglichkeit einer Infektion über die Tränenflüssigkeit. Wir haben deshalb versucht, HIV-1 aus der Tränenflüssigkeit von 50 HIV-1-infizierten Personen in unterschiedlichem Stadium der Erkrankung zu isolieren und über Reverse Transkriptase (RT) sowie p24-Antigen (p24-AG) im Kulturüberstand nachzuweisen. Parallel hierzu wurde aus dem Kulturüberstand peripherer Blutlymphozyten (PBL) der jeweiligen Personen eine Virusisolierung versucht. Dies gelang in 32 der 50 Fälle. Dagegen konnte in keinem Fall HIV-1 aus den Tränen der entsprechenden Personen isoliert werden. Zusätzlich wurde versucht, bei 10 HIV-1-infizierten Patienten in Tränenflüssigkeit und PBL provirale Sequenzen (gag, pol, env) von HIV-1 mittels der Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion (PCR) nachzuweisen. Während dies in allen 10 Fällen mit PBL gelang, konnte nur in einem Fall HIV-DNA über gag- und pol-Amplifikate in der Tränenflüssigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für einen niedrigen Gehalt der Tränenflüssigkeit an gewebeinfektiösen Einheiten von HIV-1 im Vergleich mit dem Blut HIV-1-infizierter Personen. Damit scheint eine Infektion über den Kontakt mit Tränenflüssigkeit HIV-1-Infizierter weiter unwahrscheinlich.
    Notes: Summary Beside the risk of infection via HIV-1-contaminated blood, ophthalmologists are especially interested in the possibility of HIV-1 infection via tears. Therefore we tried to isolate HIV-1 from tears of 50 HIV-1-infected persons in different stages of disease by reverse transcriptase (RT) and by p24-antigen (p24-AG) in the cultures. Simultaneously we tried to isolate HIV-1 in the supernatant from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), which was successful in 32 of the 50 examined specimens. HIV-1 could not be isolated from the tears of these persons. In addition, polymerasechain-reaction (PCR) was performed to detect proviral sequences (gag, pol, env) of HIV-1 in tears and blood of ten HIV-1-infected patients. While in all the examined patients gag, pol and env could be detected in the blood samples, only one tear sample was found positive for gag and pol DNA fragments. These results indicate that tears of HIV-1-positives contain extremely low quantities of tissue culture infectious doses (TCID) of HIV-1 in contrast to PBL. HIV-1 infection via tears therefore appears to be unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01710788
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