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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 985-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cell volume ; Na+/H+ antiporter activity ; Human mononuclear leukocytes ; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ; Diuretic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) treated with diuretics and/or digoxin have shown abnormalities of cellular volume and electrolytes in biopsies of skeletal muscle. These abnormalities seem to play an important role with regard to the dysregulation of peripheral vascular resistance and characteristic clinical features of CHF, for example, muscular weakness. This study assessed the effect of angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy on cell volume and cell volume regulation in patients with CHF. Cell diameters of human mononuclear leukocytes (HML) were determined electronically by a Coulter Counter. Cell diameters for 19 patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (determined via levocardiography) on therapy with ACE inhibitors (group 1) were compared to those of HML from patients on diuretics alone (group 2,n = 16). The activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter was determined by cell swelling in isotonic propionate. The control group consisted of 20 normal, age- and sex-matched volunteers. HML diameters were significantly increased from 7.16 ± 0.07 in normals to 7.24 ± 0.08 μm (group 1;P 〈 0.01) and 7.23 ± 0.11 μm (group 2;P 〈 0.05), indicating an abnormal regulation of cell volume. There were no statistically significant correlations between the individual ejection fraction or digoxin therapy and average cell diameters. In both patient groups ethylisopropylamiloride-sensitive swelling rates were normal compared to the control group indicating a normal activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter. In conclusion, increased cell sizes reflect a structural change in HML rather than a rapidly reversible functional abnormality which was not affected different by ACE inhibition and diuretic therapy. The pathomechanisms underlying abnormal cell sizes in CHF patients remain to be determined but could be similar to those responsible for muscular changes in CHF. Further studies should show whether HML, being easily accessible, are a valid cell model to reflect these muscular abnormalities in CHF, and whether a normal cell size can be achieved therapeutically by normalized neurohumoral activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV-1 ; Endothelins ; Endothelin-1 ; Cytokine ; Retinal microangiopathic syndrome ; Vascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin-1 is a recently identified cytokine with potent vasoconstrictor activity which is associated with various diseases involving blood vessels. HIV-1 related retinal microangiopathic syndrome is a frequent finding in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, presenting predominantly with retinal cotton-wool spots. We investigated 55 HIV-1 infected patients by ophthalmoscopy and for endothelin-I immunoreactivity in plasma and an additional 76 HIV-1 infected patients only for endothelin-1 levels. For reference values 13 age-matched healthy subjects were studied. In 18 of 55 patients (33%) investigated ophthalmoscopically we found evidence of microangiopathic syndrome. Overall, the mean endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma of HIV-1 infected patients was significantly elevated as compared to controls (4.28 ± 3.62 versus 2.72 ± 0.67 fmol/ml, P 〈 0.0001). HIV-1 infected patients with retinal microangiopathic syndrome had significantly higher plasma levels of endothelin-1 immunoreactivity (4.59 ± 1.38 fmol/ ml) compared to HIV-1 infected patients without microangiopathic syndrome (3.18 ± 1.64 fmol/ml, P = 0.003). Correlation analysis revealed that endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma had no significant association with disease progression, CD4 cell count, β2-mi-croglobulin, neopterin, or age. Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma was correlated exclusively with retinal microangiopathic syndrome in one or both eyes (r = 0.45, P = 0.0006) and with the number of cotton-wool spots (r = 0.50, P = 0.0001). In conlusion, HIV-1 related retinal microangiopathic syndrome is associated with elevated plasma levels of endothelin-1. By virtue of its potent vasoconstrictor activity endothelin-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 related vascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 215-217 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 17 (1983), S. 1827-1830 
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 17 (1983), S. 1743-1750 
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neben der Infektionsgefahr durch HIV-haltiges Blut interessiert Ophthalmologen vor allem auch die Möglichkeit einer Infektion über die Tränenflüssigkeit. Wir haben deshalb versucht, HIV-1 aus der Tränenflüssigkeit von 50 HIV-1-infizierten Personen in unterschiedlichem Stadium der Erkrankung zu isolieren und über Reverse Transkriptase (RT) sowie p24-Antigen (p24-AG) im Kulturüberstand nachzuweisen. Parallel hierzu wurde aus dem Kulturüberstand peripherer Blutlymphozyten (PBL) der jeweiligen Personen eine Virusisolierung versucht. Dies gelang in 32 der 50 Fälle. Dagegen konnte in keinem Fall HIV-1 aus den Tränen der entsprechenden Personen isoliert werden. Zusätzlich wurde versucht, bei 10 HIV-1-infizierten Patienten in Tränenflüssigkeit und PBL provirale Sequenzen (gag, pol, env) von HIV-1 mittels der Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion (PCR) nachzuweisen. Während dies in allen 10 Fällen mit PBL gelang, konnte nur in einem Fall HIV-DNA über gag- und pol-Amplifikate in der Tränenflüssigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für einen niedrigen Gehalt der Tränenflüssigkeit an gewebeinfektiösen Einheiten von HIV-1 im Vergleich mit dem Blut HIV-1-infizierter Personen. Damit scheint eine Infektion über den Kontakt mit Tränenflüssigkeit HIV-1-Infizierter weiter unwahrscheinlich.
    Notes: Summary Beside the risk of infection via HIV-1-contaminated blood, ophthalmologists are especially interested in the possibility of HIV-1 infection via tears. Therefore we tried to isolate HIV-1 from tears of 50 HIV-1-infected persons in different stages of disease by reverse transcriptase (RT) and by p24-antigen (p24-AG) in the cultures. Simultaneously we tried to isolate HIV-1 in the supernatant from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), which was successful in 32 of the 50 examined specimens. HIV-1 could not be isolated from the tears of these persons. In addition, polymerasechain-reaction (PCR) was performed to detect proviral sequences (gag, pol, env) of HIV-1 in tears and blood of ten HIV-1-infected patients. While in all the examined patients gag, pol and env could be detected in the blood samples, only one tear sample was found positive for gag and pol DNA fragments. These results indicate that tears of HIV-1-positives contain extremely low quantities of tissue culture infectious doses (TCID) of HIV-1 in contrast to PBL. HIV-1 infection via tears therefore appears to be unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. 606-611 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Adult congenital cardiac disease ; contraception ; birth control ; pregnancy ; Schlüsselwörter Angeborene Herzfehler ; Erwachsene mit angeborenen Herzfehlern ; Kontrazeption ; Schwangerschaft
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Zahl der Frauen, die mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler das Erwachsenenalter erreicht, nimmt zu. Leider existieren zu den verschiedenen kontrazeptiven Möglichkeiten und ihren Risiken speziell für diese Patientinnen keine prospektiven Daten. Die meisten Frauen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern können gefahrlos orale Kontrazeptiva anwenden, besonders die modernen niedrig-dosierten Präparate. Hoch-Risikopatientinnen sind solche Patientinnen, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für thrombembolische Komplikationen aufweisen (besonders bei Zyanose, pulmonaler Hypertonie, Eisenmenger-Reaktion, Herzrhythmus-Störungen), die zu Flüssigkeitsretention neigen (vor allem bei eingeschränkter Ventrikelfunktion und Herzinsuffizienz), eine arterielle Hypertonie haben (z.B. Aortenisthmusstenosen), ein erhöhtes Endokarditis-Risiko aufweisen oder bei denen Lipidstoffwechselstörungen vorliegen. Orale Kontrazeptiva sollten bei Frauen mit erhöhtem thromboembolischen Risiko vermieden werden. Intrauterin-Pessare (IUP) haben keine metabolischen Effekte und nur ein geringes Endokarditis-Risiko, besonders neue gestagenhaltige Pessare. Subdermale Gestagen-Implantate (Norplant, Implanon) werden im Ausland bereits erfolgreich verwendet und könnten in den kommenden Jahren in Deutschland auch bei Patientinnen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern breitere Anwendung finden. Barrieremethoden sind nebenwirkungsarm, haben aber besonders bei jungen Patientinnen hohe Versagerquoten, was bei Patientinnen für die eine Schwangerschaft kontraindiziert ist (z.B. Eisenmenger-Reaktion) inakzeptabel ist. In diesen Fällen ist weiterhin eine Tubensterilisation anzuraten. Die nachfolgende Übersicht stellt die heute möglichen Verfahren der Kontrazeption vor, wobei speziell auf deren Wirkungen und potentielle Risiken für Frauen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern eingegangen wird.
    Notes: Summary The number of women with congenital cardiac disease, who mature into adulthood is increasing. Unfortunately, there are no prospective data published about the relative risk of different forms of contraception for these patients. Most women with congenital cardiac disease can safely use oral contracetives, especially low-estrogen combination or progestin-only preparations, with the exception of those, who are at particular risk because of thrombembolic complications (especially in cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension, Eisenmenger reaction, rhythm disturbances), fluid retention (especially in reduced ventricular function and congestive heart failure), arterial hypertension (important in coarctation), infectious complications (endocarditis) or hyperlipidemia. Oral contraceptives should be avoided in patients at increased risk for thrombembolic events. Intrauterine devices are very effective, have no metabolic side effects and merely cary a small risk of endocarditis. Newer devices containing progesterone only may put the patients at a still smaller risk. Contraceptive subdermal implants (e.g. levonorgestrel) are used with good results in the United States for patients with contraindications to estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and may well become more widely accepted in patients in Germany in the coming years. Barrier methods can be used, but have a higher failure rate, which may be inacceptable in patients at risk (e.g. Eisenmenger‘s). Especially in Eisenmenger‘s, permanent sterilisation should be advised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Dobutamine stress echocardiography – normal values – heart transplantation – cardiac allograft vasculopathy ; Schlüsselwörter Dobutamin-Streßechokardiographie – Normalwerte – Herztransplantation – Transplantatvaskulopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a major problem after heart transplantation. This prospective study was performed to analyze the value of quantitative dobutamine stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of CAV compared with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In 80 patients late (≥ 12 months) after cardiac transplantation, a total of 144 studies were evaluated. In addition to the usually performed regional wall motion analysis of 2D-echocardiograms, systolic thickening of septum and left ventricular posterior wall was quantified by M-mode echocardiography. In patients with CAV by invasive angiography and/or IVUS, systolic thickening of the septum and posterior wall was significantly lower at rest and at maxuimum dobutamine infusion than in patients without CAV. From a subgroup of 23 studies in transplant recipients without TVP or other cardiac complications, normal values for the M-mode parameters were calculated. The lower limits were: systolic thickening of septum at rest, 〈 17.2 %, at maximum stress, 〈 45,9 %; systolic thickening of left ventricular posterior wall at rest, 〈 41,6 %, at maximum stress, 〈 67,6 %. Regional wall motion analysis of 2D-echocardiograms had a sensitivity of 76 % (specificity 82 %) for diagnosis of CAV defined by invasive methods, evaluation of wall thickening by M-mode alone had a sensitivity of 63 % (specificity 76 %). The combined 2D- and M-mode-echocardiographic analysis yielded a sensitivity of 85 % (specificity 71 %). In summary, dobutamine stress echocardiography is a useful method for the noninvasive diagnosis of CAV. The quantitative M-mode analysis improves the sensitivity of the 2D-analysis. The calculated normal values for the M-mode parameters in heart transplant recipients may serve as reference for other studies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Hauptproblem im Langzeitverlauf nach Herztransplantationen stellt die Entwicklung einer Transplantatvaskulopathie dar. In dieser prospektiven Studie wurde die Wertigkeit der quantitativen Dobutamin-Streßechokardiographie zur Diagnostik der Transplantatvaskulopathie (TVP) mit der Koronarangriographie und dem intravaskulären Ultraschall verglichen. Insgesamt wurden bei 80 Patienten in der Spätphase nach Herztransplantation (≥ 12 Monate postoperativ) 144 Dobutamin-Streßechokardiogramme durchgeführt. Neben der üblichen regionalen Wandbewebungsanalyse im 2D-Echokardiogramm wurde auch die systolische Wanddickenzunahme von Septum und linksventrikulärer Hinterwand im M-Mode-Echokardiogramm ausgewertet. Bei Patienten mit invasiv bestätigter TVP war die Wanddickenzunahme von Septum und Hinterwand in Ruhe wie auch unter maximalem Streß signifikant niedriger als bei Patienten ohne TVP. Bei einer Untergruppe von Patienten ohne TVP und ohne sonstige kardiale Auffälligkeiten (n = 23) wurden Normwerte für die M-Mode-Parameter erstellt und folgende Untergrenzen ermittelt: systolische Wanddickenzunahme des Septums in Ruhe 〈 17,2 %, unter maximaler Dobutaminzufuhr 〈 45,9 %; systolische Dickenzunahme der Hinterwand in Ruhe 〈 41,6 %, unter maximalem Streß 〈 67,6 %. Im Vergleich zu den invasiven Verfahren zeigte die 2D-Analyse eine Sensitivität von 76 % (Spezifität 82 %) zur Erkennung der TVP. Die alleinige M-Mode-Auswertung der Wanddickenzunahme hatte eine Sensitivität von 63 % (Spezifität 76%), die Kombination beider echokardiographischer Verfahren ergab eine Sensitivität von 85 % (Spezifität 71 %). Zusammenfassend stellt die Dobutamin-Streßechokardiographie eine zuverlässige nichtinvasive Methode zur Diagnostik der TVP dar; die M-Mode-Analyse verbessert die Sensititvität der 2D-Auswertung. Die beschriebenen Normwerte der M-Mode-Streßechokardiographie können als Referenz bei anderen Untersuchungen herzplantierter Patienten dienen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. IX45 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Intravascular ultrasound – coronary allograft vasculopathy – progression – prognostic impact – indications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the major factor limiting the long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) markedly improved our knowledge about in vivo morphology of CAV by precise determination of vessel morphology. In vivo studies with IVUS demonstrated that transplant vasculopathy may present with a very hetereogeneous morphology suggesting a dual etiology of transplant coronary artery disease. The high incidence of donor-transmitted atherosclerosis and its role in further progression of CAV could be demonstrated by the use of IVUS. Beside intimal hyperplasia, adaptive remodeling processes of vessel and lumen geometry may have physiologic and prognostic importance. IVUS is so far the only method that allows the evaluation of compensatory enlargement and shrinkage of coronary vessels in CAV. IVUS investigations allow the assessment of CAV progression in early angiographically not visible stages. The influence of different medical treatment regimens on CAV progression can be quantified. Further studies showed that IVUS parameters may have prognostic impact on subsequent clinical events and angiographic progression of CAV. However, besides all the diagnostic information provided by IVUS, the main application of this method is currently in the field of clinical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 255 (1994), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Idiopathic subfertility ; Infertility ; Intrauterine insemination ; In vitro fertilization ; Ovarian stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  650 couples with idiopathic subfertility (mean duration: 5.7 year, range 2–21 years) were treated during 2870 cycles by three assisted conception methods (each involving mild ovarian stimulation): I timed intercourse (TI), II intrauterine insemination (IUI), III in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET). Treatment started with TI in most cases and then changed to IUI after three to six cycles. Couples who failed to conceive were treated after another 3–9 cycles by IVF/ET. An overall cumulative pregnancy rate of 80.2% was reached after 18 treatment months. The pregnancy rates per treatment cycle were: TI 5.3%, IUI 6.9%, IVF/ET 15.8% (per oocyte retrieval).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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