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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 179-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytes ; Microglia ; Motor neuron ; Regeneration ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsy case of severe peripheral facial nerve paresis with disconnection of synapses from facial motor neurons is reported. A 77-year-old man presented with left-sided otitis media and subsequent development of facial nerve paresis. Three months later, the patient died of an acute gastrointestinal bleeding from a chronic duodenal ulcer. Gross inspection of the brain revealed non-stenosing arteriosclerotic vascular changes and a single small cystic lesion in the right putamen. Microscopically, marked chromatolytic changes were observed in the left facial nucleus. Immunocytochemistry for synaptophysin revealed a marked loss of afferent synaptic contacts from somatic and stem dendritic surface membranes of all chromatolytic motor neurons. Wrapping of a number of neurons by newly formed glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytic cell processes could be detected in the regenerting facial motor nucleus. In addition, expression of HLA-DR was increased on a small number of microglia and pertivascular cells. These changes were absent from the contralateral, normal-appearing facial nucleus. To our knowledge, this case provides the first evidence for disconnection of synapses following peripheral nerve lesioning in humans. Occurrence of synaptic stripping is likely to explain nuclear hyperexcitability and failure of recovery of complex fine motor movements that are commonly observed following peripheral injury to the facial nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prolactinoma ; Hormone-active metastasis ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 44-year-old woman developed acute severe visual field defects and was operated on a macroprolactinoma. Since complete resection of the tumor was not possible, radiotherapy was performed and in addition to hormone replacement therapy, bromocriptine (up to 60 mg daily) was started without however complete normalization of PRL levels. Four years later PRL levels increased to 105 µU/ml despite continuation of dopamin agonist (mesulergin) treatment. As shown by ophthalmological examination and computer tomography there were no signs of regrowth of the pituitary tumor. At that time the patient complained of severe lumbar pain and myelography revealed a tumor mass in the spinal cord (L1–L2). Since the spinal tumor was not removable, laminectomy was performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a metastasis of the prolactinoma. Radiotherapy and bromocriptine in extreme doses (140 mg daily) together with an antiestrogen were not able to improve the neurological deficits (paraparesis) and to lower the PRL levels. This case of a metastasis of a prolactinoma after operation, radiotherapy, and dopamin agonist treatment stresses the importance of close surveillance of patients with prolactinomas without PRL normalization during dopamin agonist therapy and shows for the first time the possibility of ectopic PRL production due to an intradural spinal metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The CT and MRI findings in a case of an intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma are reported. Pathological correlation was demonstrated and tumour vascularization was best seen at angiography. Despite its low incidence in brain. MFH is of special interest because of its ubiquitous location and poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 215-217 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 1213-1222 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Low-grade astrocytoma; extent of surgery; histology; outcome.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Objective. There are divergent opinions about the prognostic value of the extent of surgery and of different histological subtypes in supratentorial astrocytomas WHO grade II.  Methods. We reviewed 75 consecutive patients (36 females, 39 males) with supratentorial astrocytomas WHO grade II (59 primary and 16 recurrent tumours) operated on between 1991 and 1995.  Results. Gross total resection could be achieved in 40 astrocytomas, subtotal resection (including biopsy) was performed in 35 cases. Histological assessment confirmed 60 fibrillary, 6 gemistocytic, 9 oligo-astrocytic and no protoplasmic astrocytomas. There were no postoperative deaths. Early outcome 6 to 12 weeks after surgery according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale was good in 46 patients, 24 patients had moderate, and 5 had severe neurological deficits. Survival rates 1, 2, 3, and 4 years following surgery were 100%, 96%, 96%, 96% for patients who underwent gross total tumour resection and 86%, 77%, 77%, 64% for patients with subtotal tumour resection. The cumulative recurrence or progression rates after 4 years were 26% after gross total resection and 80% after subtotal resection, and this result is statistically significant. Recurrences after gross total resection or progressions after subtotal resection occurred more often in gemistocytic astrocytomas (40% and 100%, respectively) than in other subtypes. Dedifferentiation to a more malignant tumour seems to be more prominent in the gemistocytic subtype.  Conclusion. Gross total resection should be the leading therapeutic option for patients with astrocytomas WHO grade II. For the gemistocytic subtype further studies will have to prove whether additional radiotherapy is of any benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gliom ; Astrozytom ; Oligodendrogliom ; Kavernom ; Metastase ; Kortex ; Motorik ; Sprache ; Neuromonitoring ; Neuropsychologie ; Key words Glioma ; Astrocytoma ; Oligodendroglioma ; Cavernoma ; Metastasis ; Brain ; Cortex ; Sensorimotor ; Language ; Speech ; Neuromonitoring ; Neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report on 30 cases where we have used cortical stimulation mapping to define the areas representing sensorimotor, language and speech functions under local anesthesia to facilitate resection of space-occupying lesions near these areas. Under the simplistic concept that Broca’s area lies in the frontal operculum (inferior frontal gyrus) and that Wernicke’s area is located in the posterior perisylvian area (superior temporal, angular and supramarginal gyri), we found language and speech function to be represented outside these areas in up to 4 stimulation sites of 15 patients. The results of cortical stimulation mapping were therefore essential to decide on the optimal access route to the lesions that were located subcortically and on the optimal resection plane in gliomas. After the limits of these areas and of the lesions had been established with stimulation mapping and with intrasurgical microscopic smear preparations, respectively, lesions were safely removed under continuous monitoring of sensorimotor, language and speech function. Immediately after surgery we encountered language and speech deficits in 9 patients (30%), which resolved completely in 5 and inclompletely in 4 instances. Thus, language functions were normal in 26 patients (87%) at the end of the follow-up period. It is concluded that use of this technique allows safe and extensive resection of lesions that would otherwise have been considered hazardous to remove or inexcisable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1990 bis 1994 haben wir 30 Patienten mit Prozessen nahe den kortikalen Sprachzentren in Lokalanästhesie mit Analgosedierung operiert. Die kortikalen Zentren von Sensomotorik, Sprache und Sprechen wurden mittels elektrischer Reizung (kortikales Mapping) identifiziert, die Raumforderung während der selben Operation mikrochirurgisch entfernt. Geht man von der vereinfachten Vorstellung aus, daß das Broca-Sprachzentrum im frontalen Operkulum und das Wernicke-Sprachzentrum um die hinteren Anteile der Sylvischen Fissur liegen, so fand sich bei 15 Patienten auch Sprachrepräsentation an bis zu 4 Reizorten ausserhalb dieser Sprachzentren. Die Ergebnisse des kortikalen Mapping waren deshalb entscheidend für die Wahl des Zugangsweges zu Prozessen unter der Hirnoberfläche und für die Wahl der Resektionsgrenzen bei den Gliomen. Die Tumorresektion wurde beendet, wenn die Resektionsränder zytologisch tumorfrei waren, der Prozeß zu nahe an „eloquente” Hirnareale heranreichte oder wenn Störungen von Sprache, Sprechen oder Körpermotorik auftraten. Unmittelbar postoperativ kam es bei 9 Patienten (30%) zu einem variabel ausgeprägten neuropsychologischen Defizit, das sich bis zur Abschlußuntersuchung bei 5 dieser Patienten normalisierte. Mithin fand sich bei 26 (87%) der 30 Patienten am Ende der Nachuntersuchungszeit kein faßbares neuropsychologisches Defizit. Dies bedeutet, daß die Resektion bis an die Grenzen des funktionell Statthaften gegangen war, daß diese Grenzen aber zumeist nicht überschritten wurden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 112 (1986), S. 111-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Experimental gliomas ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunotherapy ; Serotherapy ; Block of metastasis ; Growth inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 14AC1 monoclonal antibody (McAb) on 79FR-G-41 rat glioma cells in vitro, on the formation of metastases in lung by antibody coated glioma cells, and on the growth of glioma grafts in BALB/c-nu/nu mice were investigated. The 14AC1 antibodies — isotyped as IgG2a — were obtained from a hybridoma clone established after fusion of X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells of BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with 79FR-G-41 glioma cells. Antibody treatment of glioma cells in vitro caused evident cell surface alterations and pronounced growth depression of most cells. However, a few tumor cells remained unchanged in morphology and continued to proliferate. Moreover, 14AC1 antibodies drastically reduced lung metastasis by pretreated and i.v. delivered glioma cells. Additionally, 14AC1 antibodies suppressed the growth of transplanted rat gliomas in nude mice as evidenced by a longer latency period and a smaller volume of glioma grafts in treated than in control tumor bearers. Nevertheless, glioma grafts showed accelerated growth after termination of antibody treatment. Further experimental investigation is required in order to identify the precise mechanisms of the effects of McAbs on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Keywords: Alzheimer disease, amyloid plaques, amyloid precursor protein gene, apolipoprotein E gene, neurofibrillary tangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT In 1911, Alois Alzheimer published a detailed report (Zbl. ges. Neurol. Psych. 4: 356–385) on a peculiar case of the disease that had been named after him by Emil Kraepelin in 1910. Alzheimer describes a 56-year-old male patient (Johann F.) who suffered from presenile dementia and who was hospitalized in Kraepelin's clinic for more than 3 years. Post-mortem examination of the patient's brain revealed numerous amyloid plaques but no neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex, corresponding to a less common form of Alzheimer disease which may be referred to as ‘plaque only’. We have identified well-preserved histological sections of this case and performed mutational screening of exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein gene and genotyping for apolipoprotein E alleles. The patient was shown to be homozygous for apolipoprotein allele ε3 and lacked APP mutations at codons 692, 693, 713 and 717. This case is of historical importance as it may have convinced Kraepelin to name the disease after his co-worker, Alois Alzheimer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 103-114 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger-) syndrome ; Morphological diagnosis ; Ultrastructure ; Peroxisomes ; Autopsy ; Catalase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A female newborn, the second child of healthy non consanguineous parents, exhibited muscular hypotonia, areflexia, apathy, seizures, hepatomegaly and failure to thrive since birth. The peculiar skull shape was lacking. In the urine pipecolic acid and trihydroxycoprostanoic acid were excreted. At the age of seven weeks she died of bronchopneumonia. Lightmicroscopy revealed malformations and deficiency of myelinisation in the brain, renal cysts and fatty metamorphosis in the enlarged liver, which showed only minimal siderosis. Ultrastructurally no peroxisomes could be found in liver and kidney. No peroxisomes were detected by histochemical demonstration of catalase in frozen liver tissue which was taken immediately after death and stored for three months. Absence of peroxisomes is pathognomonic for the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger and occurs in the liver irrespective of duration and degree of liver damage. It is best demonstrated by enzymehistochemical electron microscopy. With this method peroxisomes can be visualized even 30 h post mortem. In deep frozen normal liver tissue the activity of catalase remains very stable and enables the identification of peroxisomes even after a 12 months period of storage. In the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, frozen liver tissue should be stored for biochemical and diagnostic enzymehistochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoma ; meningeal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tumours ; intracranial ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningeal sarcomas are very rare, highly aggressive tumours affecting children more frequently than adults. The clinical course and MRI of meningeal sarcomas in two cases are discussed with special regard to possible misinterpretation. In one case MRI demonstrated a circumscribed mass in contact with the meninges, with central areas of haemorrhage. In the other, a case of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis, several MRI examinations over the course of almost a year were unhelpful, despite severe neurological complaints. Then MRI revealed meningeal contrast enhancement all over the brain and spinal canal, together with cerebral infarcts. MRI of meningeal sarcomas has not been discussed in the literature. MRI did not permit specific diagnosis, but enabled visualisation of the extent of the tumour and/or meningeal involvement. Early histological diagnosis is indispensable for adequate treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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