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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 898-906 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Awareness ; cognition ; language ; mind modules ; neural network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The object of the neurosurgeons daily endeavour, the human brain, is less well understood in its overall organization than any other organ. This puts the neurosurgeon in a very difficult position. However, a substantial body of knowledge has been accumulated during recent years, and scientists from a variety of different disciplines have worked out theoretical frameworks to accomodate the available data. Here we present some of the evolving concepts on the organization of the substrate of the mind. Review of the literature shows that application of mathematical neural network models to the nervous system is very successful in explaining function. An implicit aspect of neural network models is that information storage is not localized in certain neurons but that the information is stored as the global pattern of activity in the network. Because networks of the brain involve often millions of neurons, exact identification and comparison with the theoretical models is not possible today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Psychophysiology 11 (1991), S. 67 
    ISSN: 0167-8760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Psychophysiology 11 (1991), S. 78 
    ISSN: 0167-8760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gliom ; Astrozytom ; Oligodendrogliom ; Kavernom ; Metastase ; Kortex ; Motorik ; Sprache ; Neuromonitoring ; Neuropsychologie ; Key words Glioma ; Astrocytoma ; Oligodendroglioma ; Cavernoma ; Metastasis ; Brain ; Cortex ; Sensorimotor ; Language ; Speech ; Neuromonitoring ; Neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report on 30 cases where we have used cortical stimulation mapping to define the areas representing sensorimotor, language and speech functions under local anesthesia to facilitate resection of space-occupying lesions near these areas. Under the simplistic concept that Broca’s area lies in the frontal operculum (inferior frontal gyrus) and that Wernicke’s area is located in the posterior perisylvian area (superior temporal, angular and supramarginal gyri), we found language and speech function to be represented outside these areas in up to 4 stimulation sites of 15 patients. The results of cortical stimulation mapping were therefore essential to decide on the optimal access route to the lesions that were located subcortically and on the optimal resection plane in gliomas. After the limits of these areas and of the lesions had been established with stimulation mapping and with intrasurgical microscopic smear preparations, respectively, lesions were safely removed under continuous monitoring of sensorimotor, language and speech function. Immediately after surgery we encountered language and speech deficits in 9 patients (30%), which resolved completely in 5 and inclompletely in 4 instances. Thus, language functions were normal in 26 patients (87%) at the end of the follow-up period. It is concluded that use of this technique allows safe and extensive resection of lesions that would otherwise have been considered hazardous to remove or inexcisable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1990 bis 1994 haben wir 30 Patienten mit Prozessen nahe den kortikalen Sprachzentren in Lokalanästhesie mit Analgosedierung operiert. Die kortikalen Zentren von Sensomotorik, Sprache und Sprechen wurden mittels elektrischer Reizung (kortikales Mapping) identifiziert, die Raumforderung während der selben Operation mikrochirurgisch entfernt. Geht man von der vereinfachten Vorstellung aus, daß das Broca-Sprachzentrum im frontalen Operkulum und das Wernicke-Sprachzentrum um die hinteren Anteile der Sylvischen Fissur liegen, so fand sich bei 15 Patienten auch Sprachrepräsentation an bis zu 4 Reizorten ausserhalb dieser Sprachzentren. Die Ergebnisse des kortikalen Mapping waren deshalb entscheidend für die Wahl des Zugangsweges zu Prozessen unter der Hirnoberfläche und für die Wahl der Resektionsgrenzen bei den Gliomen. Die Tumorresektion wurde beendet, wenn die Resektionsränder zytologisch tumorfrei waren, der Prozeß zu nahe an „eloquente” Hirnareale heranreichte oder wenn Störungen von Sprache, Sprechen oder Körpermotorik auftraten. Unmittelbar postoperativ kam es bei 9 Patienten (30%) zu einem variabel ausgeprägten neuropsychologischen Defizit, das sich bis zur Abschlußuntersuchung bei 5 dieser Patienten normalisierte. Mithin fand sich bei 26 (87%) der 30 Patienten am Ende der Nachuntersuchungszeit kein faßbares neuropsychologisches Defizit. Dies bedeutet, daß die Resektion bis an die Grenzen des funktionell Statthaften gegangen war, daß diese Grenzen aber zumeist nicht überschritten wurden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epilepsiechirurgie ; Prächirurgische Diagnostik ; Nichtinvasives Protokoll ; Key words Epilepsy surgery ; Presurgical evaluation ; Noninvasive protocol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We present a non-invasive epilepsy surgery protocol, which includes EEG-video-monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interictal positron emission tomography (PET) and ictal single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). According to this non-invasive protocol 50 of 173 patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy underwent resective surgery. The localization of the epileptogenic zone was based on the congruence of the localizing results of EEG-video-montoring, MRI, interictal PET and ictal SPECT. 46 (92%) of the patients had temporal and 4 (8%) had extratemporal epilepsies. 78% (n=39) of all patients operated according to our non-invasive protocol were postoperatively completely or almost seizure free. Extramesiotemporal resections could be carried out without invasive EEG-recording if the epileptogenic zone was not adjacent to the eloquent cortex. We conclude from our results that in a considerable number of patients with medically intractable particularly temporal focal epilepsies, resective epilepsy surgery can be based on non-invasive EEG-evaluations and the risk of invasive recordings can be avoided.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir stellen ein nichtinvasives Protokoll für die epilepiechirurgische Diagnostik vor, demzufolge bei 50 von 173 Patienten mit pharmakoresistenten fokalen Epilepsien ein resektiver epilepsiechirurgischer Eingriff durchgeführt wurde. Die lokalisatorische Übereinstimmung von Befunden des nichtinvasiven EEG-Video-Monitorings, der Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie (MRT), der interiktalen Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) und der iktalen SPECT (Single-Photon-Emissions-Computer-Tomographie) bildete die Grundlage der Fokuslokalisation. Bei 46 (92%) der Patienten lagen temporale und bei 4 (8%) extratemporale Epilepsien vor. 78% (n=39) aller 50 Patienten wurden anfallsfrei oder hatten nur noch sehr selten Anfälle. Extratemporale Resektionen konnten ohne invasive EEG-Untersuchungen erfolgen, wenn umschriebene MRT-Läsionen vorlagen und die Resektionen in ausreichendem Abstand vom eloquenten Kortex durchgeführt werden konnten. Anfallsfreiheit konnte so bei insgesamt 3 der 4 extratemporalen Patienten erreicht werden. Wir folgern aus unseren Ergebnissen, daß bei einer Reihe von ausgewählten Patienten mit pharmakoresistenten fokalen, insbesondere temporalen Epilepsien nichtinvasive EEG-Ableitungen in der prächirurgischen Diagnostik ausreichen und so das Risiko invasiver EEG-Untersuchungen vermieden werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 73 (1986), S. 743-744 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 762-763 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Brain timing ; rhythmic acoustical stimulation ; stimulus anticipation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subjects followed rhythmic acoustical sequences by finger-tapping. Tapping onset preceded stimulus onset by a value close to 30 ms. It is suggested that this temporal difference might correspond to one cycle of a hypothetical timing mechanism in the brain which has been observed with other experimental paradigms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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