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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Tetanus toxin  (2)
  • Hypothalamic stimulation  (1)
  • Inhibitory Descending Pathways  (1)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relations between the effect of tetanus toxin on the neuromuscular transmission and histological functional properties of various muscles of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Neuromuscular transmission ; Fast and slow muscles ; White, red, and intermediate muscle fibres ; End-plate structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various doses of tetanus toxin were injected into three hind leg and two fore leg muscles of the rat. The neuromuscular transmission was tested by recording the mass action potential of the muscles elicited by a single electrical stimulus to the motor nerve after strong symptoms of local tetanus had developed. The muscle responses were depressed and blocked at lower toxin doses in the fast tibialis anterior than in the mixed gastrocnemius latemlis, while blocking of the slow soleus required the highest dose. The extensor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles showed medium sensitivity. In all five muscles the contraction time was measured and correlated with its individual minimal blocking dose. The more phasic (i.e., the faster) the muscle, the more sensitive its neuromuscular transmission was to tetanus toxin. The proportional distribution of red, white, and intermediate fibres, which are associated with specific end-plate types, was evaluated for the five muscles. The percentage of white fibres in the muscles displayed a very good negative correlation with the blocking dose. The relation between structures of end-plates and effects of tetanus toxin were analysed and it is suggested that the differences in sensitivity to tetanus toxin in the neuromuscular transmission in the five muscles is determined by a differential distribution of endplates with varying sensitivities to this toxin due to structural properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236739
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulbar inhibition of spinal and supraspinal sympathetic reflex discharges (1971)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 326 (1971), S. 324-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal Sympathetic Reflex ; Spinal Sympathetic Reflex ; Supraspinal Sympathetic Reflex ; Noradrenaline ; Baroceptor Afferent Stimulation ; Inhibitory Descending Pathways ; Sympathische Reflexe ; Spinale sympathische Reflexe ; Supraspinale sympathische Reflexe ; Noradrenalin ; Bulbäre depressorische Reizung ; Hemmende absteigende Fasern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In chloralose anesthetized cats, the sympathetic reflex discharge was recorded from the renal sympathetic nerve. 2. The early-spinal and late-supraspinal sympathetic reflex discharges were elicited by single electrical stimulation of the thoracic dorsal roots. 3. Increased excitation of the baroceptor afferents produced by a rise of blood pressure after injection of noradrenaline caused strong inhibitition of the latesupraspinal reflex discharge. The early-spinal reflex discharge was only rarely affected. 4. Electrical stimulation of the medullary depressor area caused inhibition of the spinal and supraspinal reflex discharges. 5. It is concluded that spinal reflex pathways receive some inhibitory descending influences from the medulla oblongata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586996
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation and inhibition of muscle and cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hindlimb during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and atropine-sensitive vasodilation (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vasoconstrictors ; Vasodilators ; Muscle ; Hypothalamic stimulation ; Atropinesensitive vasodilation ; Single unit analysis ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Discharge patterns in postganglionic neurones to muscle and to hairy skin of the hindlimb of chloralose anaesthetized cats were investigated during electrical hypothalamic stimulation which induced either vasoconstriction or atropine sensitive vasodilation in the skeletal muscle. 2. Spontaneously active postganglionic neurones to muscle were activated both during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and active vasodilation. Stimulation of the hypothalamic vasodilator area induced mostly a sequence of activation-depression-activation in these neurones. Stimulation of cutaneous Group IV afferents elicited reflexes in these neurones; repetitive high frequency stimulation of large diameter afferents in the vago-depressor nerve produced depression of spontaneous activity followed by a postinhibitory excitation. The characteristics of these neurones fit those that would be expected of vasoconstrictors. 3. Normally inactive postganglionic neurones to skeletal muscle could only be activated during hypothalamically induced atropine sensitive vasodilation. These neurones exhibit no reflexes on somatic stimulation. The axons of these neurones conduct faster than those of the spontaneously active postganglionic neurones. It is likely that they are cholinergic vasodilator neurones. 4. Most of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hairy skin were activated during stimulation of both the hypothalamic vasoconstrictor and the vasodilator areas. These neurones have the characteristics of cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones. Part of the cutaneous not spontaneously active postganglionic neurones could neither be activated from the hypothalamus nor by somatic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587287
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tetanus toxin on the monosynaptic reflex (1983)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 323 (1983), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Local tetanus ; Spinal cord ; Monosynaptic reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tetanus toxin was injected at various doses (0.1–10,000 mouse MLD/kg) into the gastrocnemius muscle of the left hind leg of the cat. The relative excitability of the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) was increased in the very early period of the intoxication decreased in the later period, during which the MSR of the gastrocnemius was either partially or totally depressed at doses as low as 10 mouse MLD/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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