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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced histidine decarboxylase in endotoxic shock: Identification of the enzyme in rat liver and influence of its inhibitors on survival parameters (1986)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 18 (1986), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis of a causal relationship between a progressive and unrestrained increase of tissue histamine formation by activation of an inducible histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and lethality in endotoxic shock (Schayer's ‘induced histamine concept’) was tested in a standardized rat endotoxic shock model. Initial enzyme identification studies in the rat shock liver (8 hrs after endotoxin challenge) clearly demonstrate that the ‘induced’ histidine decarboxylase is an acid (specific) HDC. The succeeding randomized, controlled study with appropriate inhibitors of the enzyme, α-methyl-histidine (competitive inhibitor) and α-fluoromethyl-histidine (irreversible inhibitor) using doses of 2, 20 or 100 mg/kg showedno significant effect on the survival rate of rats in endotoxin shock. The survival rate of the non-treated endotoxin control group (NaCl) was 25%; all methylprednisolone treated rats (50 mg/kg) survived. Thus, the ‘induced’ histamine isnot a predominant factor (necessary or sufficient determinant) for the lethal outcome in rat endotoxic shock. The protective effect of MP isnot predominantly due to the inhibition of the ‘induced’ histidine decarboxylase. The use of HDC-inhibitors as the appropriate instruments for evaluation of the significance of this mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987973
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflexes in postganglionic fibres within skin and muscle nerves after noxious stimulation of skin (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somato-sympathetic reflexes ; Cutaneous and muscle postganglionic neurones ; Noxious stimulation of skin ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Somomato-sympathetic reflexes in postganglionic neurones to skin and muscle induced by noxious stimulation of skin were studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The reflexes were elicited by mechanical damaging stimuli and by temperature stimuli of more than 45°C. 2. In most cutaneous units the spontaneous activity was depressed during noxious stimulation of skin. Some cutaneous units were excited or showed mixed responses. The depression of the spontaneous activity was maximal from the skin area which was innervated by the cutaneous postganglionic neurones and much weaker or not elicitable from other skin areas. 3. Most muscle units were excited during noxious stimulation of skin. This excitation could be elicited from all over the body surface. 4. The effective cutaneous afferent fibres which are involved in these reflexes are the Group III axones which are excitable by mechanical damaging stimuli and the Group IV axones which are excitable by mechanical damaging and/or by thermal noxious stimuli. 5. These investigations reveal that the somato-sympathetic reflexes have opposite organization in cutaneous and muscle postganglionic fibres. The reflex patterns are discussed in relation to a possible central organization of the sympathetic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflex activity in postganglionic fibres within skin and muscle nerves elicited by somatic stimuli in chronic spinal cats (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somato-sympathetic reflexes ; Chronic spinal cats ; Cutaneous and muscle postganglionic neurones ; Noxious and nonnoxious stimulation of skin ; Recovery of reflexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Reflex and spontaneous activity in cutaneous and muscle postganglionic neurones of the hind leg were investigated in 10 chloralose anaesthetized cats which were spinalized at Th8 7 to 96 days before the experiments. The reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of cutaneous Group II to Group IV afferent fibres in the sural nerve and by natural stimulation of hairs and of cutaneous nociceptors. 2. Electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferent fibres elicited the same reflex pattern in both cutaneous and muscle postganglionic neurons. Group II fibres had — if any effects — mostly inhibitory effects on the postganglionic neurones. Stimulation of Group III and Group IV fibres induced excitation followed by a depression of the spontaneous activity in the postganglionic neurones. 3. Natural stimulation of hairs by air jets induced depression of the spontaneous activity in both types of postganglionic neurones. Noxious mechanical or thermal stimuli to the skin induced excitation in both types of postganglionic neurones. The spontaneous activity in cutaneous postganglionic neurones could additionally be depressed by noxious stimuli applied to the skin area which is very close to the area innervated by these neurones. 4. Reflexes and spontaneous activity recovered partially in cutaneous postganglionic neurones in about 10 weeks after spinalization. Those in muscle postganglionic neurones recovered partially after about 4 weeks. They were stronger in muscle postganglionic neurones than in cutaneous postganglionic neurones. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the central organization of the sympathetic nervous system in the neuraxis and in relation to other investigations of the somato-sympathetic reflexes in spinal animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflexes in postganglionic fibres within skin and muscle nerves after mechanical non-noxious stimulation of skin (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somato-sympathetic reflexes ; Postganglionic fibres to skin and muscle ; Natural stimulation of skin ; Hair-follicle receptors ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Somato-sympathetic reflexes in postganglionic neurones to hairy skin and to muscle produced by mechanical non-noxious stimulation of skin were studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Most of the postganglionic fibres investigated were spontaneously active and had presumably vasoconstrictor function. 2. In 60% of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones stimulation of hairs induced predominantly excitation. This excitation was mostly followed by a slight depression of the spontaneous activity. In 30% of the neurones the spontaneous activity was depressed or predominantly depressed by these stimuli. 3. In most muscle postganglionic neurones the spontaneous activity was depressed by stimulation of hairs. 4. In both types of neurones the reflexes were produced by activity in hair follicle receptors with Group II afferents. Hair follicle receptors with Group III afferents most probably also contributed to this effect. Except for a slight depression of the spontaneous activity in some cutaneous postganglionic neurones by slowly adapting receptors, mechanical stimulation of other types of receptors with Group II afferents had no effect on the postganglionic neurones. 5. Reflexes in postganglionic neurones could be elicited by stimulation of hairy skin all over the body surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylaxis of recurrent goiter by high-dose L-thyroxine (1981)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 5 (1981), S. 855-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 64 patients after bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy, a high dosage of 1.0 mg L-thyroxine taken once a week was compared to the usual intake of 0.1 mg L-thyroxine daily for prevention of recurrent goiter. During a follow-up study for 52 weeks, the effectiveness and acceptability of an intermittent high dosage was assessed clinically and also by measuring basal TSH, stimulated TSH, iT4, and iT3. In both groups, postoperative elevated TSH levels could be reduced to subnormal levels by L-thyroxine intake. iT3 and iT4 levels remained in the normal range after either daily or intermittent therapy. The weekly high dosage of 1.0 mg L-thyroxine has proved to be at least as effective as the usual therapy with no apparent disadvantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01657975
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die „spannungsfreie“ Reparation der Leistenhernie: laparoskopisch (TAPP) versus offen (Lichtenstein) (1996)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 67 (1996), S. 1036-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic hernia repair (TAPP) ; Lichtenstein-procedure ; Tension-free inguinal hernia repair.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden im Zeitraum Juni 1992 bis Februar 1994 94 Patienten mit 100 Leistenhernien laparoskopisch (TAPP) und von März 1993 bis November 1994 100 Patienten mit 108 Leistenhernien offen mit einem Lichtenstein-Patch versorgt. In bezug auf Operationsdauer, postoperative Schmerzen und Komplikationen sowie Krankenstand wurden nur geringe Unterschiede festgestellt. Aufgrund der schwierig erlern- und lehrbaren Technik wurde die TAPP-Operation nur von einem Operateur, die Lichtenstein-Operation von allen 11 Mitarbeitern durchgeführt, was die Einfachheit des offenen Vorgehens demonstriert. Bislang zeichnet sich eine höhere Rezidivhäufigkeit für die TAPP-Gruppe (8 vs. 0) ab, wobei jedoch die Lernphase zu berücksichtigen ist. Die Lichtenstein-Operation ist in Lokalanaesthesie einfach auszuführen, leicht erlern- und lehrbar, sicher, effizient und kostensparend (DM 750,–) und deshalb der laparoskopischen Methode überlegen. Eine geplante randomisierte Studie wurde verworfen, laparoskopische Hernienreparationen werden in unserer Klinik seither nicht mehr durchgeführt.
    Abstract: Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische Hernienreparation (TAPP) – Lichtenstein-Operation – spannungsfreie Leistenbruchoperation.
    Notes: Summary. In a prospective study, from June 1992 to February 1994 94 patients with 100 hernias were treated laparoscopically (TAPP) and from March 1993 to November 1994 100 patients with 108 hernias were treated with a Lichtenstein patch. Concerning duration of operation, postoperative outcome, complications and return to work, only minor differences were noted. Because of the more demanding and difficult technique, all TAPP procedures were performed by one surgeon, whereas all 11 surgeons of the department performed the Lichtenstein procedure without any learning curve, which demonstrates the simplicity of the procedure. A higher recurrence rate was found for the TAPP procedure (8 vs 0), however the learning curve has to be considered. The Lichtenstein operation is easy to learn and perform, safe, efficient, cheaper (750 DM) and therefore superior to the TAPP procedure. A planned randomized study was cancelled; laparoscopic hernia repair is no longer carried out in our department.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050100
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    295. Langfristige totale parenterale Ernährung und Tumorwachstum; experimentelle Untersuchungen am Walker-Tumor-Modell der Ratte (1981)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 644-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Long-term parenteral nutrition ; Tumor growth ; Walker 256 carcinosarcoma ; Langfristige parenterale Ernährung ; Tumorwachstum ; Walker-Ca-256
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um den Einfluß verschiedener Ernährungsregime auf das Tumorwachstum zu bestimmen, wurden Ratten mit einer celluldren Suspension (0.1 ml) des Walker-Ca-256 inoculiert und randomisiert in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: Gruppe I: Orale Standardkost (Altromin); Gruppe II: Totale parenterale Ernährung (Kohlenhydrate 26 %, Aminosäuren 4,25 %); Gruppe III: Parenterale Ernährung mit Kohlenhydraten (30 %). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine aminosdurenfreie parenterale Ernährung das Tumorwachstum vermindert. Oral und total parenteral ernährte Tiere weisen keinen Unterschied im Tumorwachstum auf.
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the influence of various nutritional regimes on tumor growth, rats were inoculated s.c. with a cellular suspension (0.1 ml) of Walker-Ca-256 and randomly divided in 3 groups: Group I: oral standard food (Altromin); group II : total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (carbohydrate 26 %, aminoacids 4.25 %); group III parenteral nutrition with glucose (30 %) exclusively. Results indicate that amino-acid free parenteral nutrition diminishes the tumor growth. No obvious differences in tumor or body weight were observed between oral and totally parenteral feeded rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287129
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation and inhibition of muscle and cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hindlimb during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and atropine-sensitive vasodilation (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vasoconstrictors ; Vasodilators ; Muscle ; Hypothalamic stimulation ; Atropinesensitive vasodilation ; Single unit analysis ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Discharge patterns in postganglionic neurones to muscle and to hairy skin of the hindlimb of chloralose anaesthetized cats were investigated during electrical hypothalamic stimulation which induced either vasoconstriction or atropine sensitive vasodilation in the skeletal muscle. 2. Spontaneously active postganglionic neurones to muscle were activated both during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and active vasodilation. Stimulation of the hypothalamic vasodilator area induced mostly a sequence of activation-depression-activation in these neurones. Stimulation of cutaneous Group IV afferents elicited reflexes in these neurones; repetitive high frequency stimulation of large diameter afferents in the vago-depressor nerve produced depression of spontaneous activity followed by a postinhibitory excitation. The characteristics of these neurones fit those that would be expected of vasoconstrictors. 3. Normally inactive postganglionic neurones to skeletal muscle could only be activated during hypothalamically induced atropine sensitive vasodilation. These neurones exhibit no reflexes on somatic stimulation. The axons of these neurones conduct faster than those of the spontaneously active postganglionic neurones. It is likely that they are cholinergic vasodilator neurones. 4. Most of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hairy skin were activated during stimulation of both the hypothalamic vasoconstrictor and the vasodilator areas. These neurones have the characteristics of cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones. Part of the cutaneous not spontaneously active postganglionic neurones could neither be activated from the hypothalamus nor by somatic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587287
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    208. Erfahrungen mit dem Langzeit-Silicon-Katheter nach Hickman (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 364 (1984), S. 534-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Hickman catheter ; Hickmann-Katheter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Intravenöse Chemotherapie und langfristige parenterale Ernährung erfordern einen sicheren zentral-venösen Zugang. Von 7/82 bis 11/83 Implantation eines Hickman-Katheters bei 39 Patienten mit folgenden Grundleiden: Hämatologische Systemerkrankung (n=23/59%), solides Malignom (n=10/26%), entzündliche Darmerkrankung (n=6/15%). Risikofaktoren: Anämie 50%, Leukopenie 26%, Thrombopenie 44%. Durchschnittliche Katheterverweildauer $$\bar x = 89$$ Tage, (7–258); längste Verweildauer 380 Tage. Komplikationen: Subclaviavenenthrombosen=2, Hautinfektionn =1. Die niedrige Komplikationsrate rechtfertigt eine breite Anwendung des Hickman-Katheters.
    Notes: Summary Intravenous chemotherapy and long-term parenteral nutrition demand a secure central venous catheter. We inserted a cuffed silicone catheter (Hickman catheter) in 39 patients between July 1982 and November 1983, who had been diagnosed as having: systemic hematologic illness (n=23/59%), metastasized neoplasia (n= 10/260, and inflammatory bowel disease (n=6/15%). The risk factors were: anemia 50%, leukopenia 26%, and thrombopenia 44%. The mean period of catheter function was $$\bar x = 89$$ days (7–258 days), the longest lasting for 380 days. The complications were: subclavian vein thrombosis,n=2; wound infection,n= l. The low complication rate justifies an increase in the use of Hickman catheters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01823382
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    137. Zur Wundheilungsstörung in der Allgemeinchirurgie —eine prospektiv kontrollierte Studie (1982)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 358 (1982), S. 478-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Wound infection ; Wundheilungsstörung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiv kontrollierten Studie wurden konsekutiv die Wundheilungsstörungsraten bei 1099 Patienten eines nicht ausgewählten allgemein- und unfallchirurgischen Krankengutes in einem 4monatigen Zeitraum untersucht. Bei einer Gesamtwundheilungsstörungsrate von 7,6 % ergeben sich aufgeschlüsselt nach Art des Eingriffes folgende Infektionsraten: Gruppe I (“sauber”): 4,5%, Gruppe II (“sauber-kontaminiert”): 8,1 %, Gruppe III („kontaminiert”): 13,5 %, Gruppe IV („schmutzig”): 42,5 %. Die mittlere stationäre Verweildauer verlängerte sich von 9,9 Tage auf 39 Tage bei Vorliegen einer Wundheilungsstörung.
    Notes: Summary In a prospective controlled trial over a 4-month period the rate of wound infection in 1099 patients was investigated. According to the Cruse wound classification, the infection rate was as follows: group I (“clean”) was 4.5 %, group II (“clean-contaminated”) 8.1 %, group III (“contaminated”) 13.5 %, and group IV (“dirty”) 42.5 %, with a total of 7.6 % wound infections. Wound infection prolonged the duration of hospitalization from 9.9 to 39 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271883
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