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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors participate in the regulation of bone cell proliferation and differentiation. We report here a potent AP-1-related regulator of osteoblast function: ΔFosB, a naturally occurring truncated form of FosB that arises from alternative splicing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 214-223 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Bone metastasis • Osteoclast • Differentiation • Bone resorption • Protooncogenes c-src ; c-cbl ; c-fos ; c-fms • Cell biology • Cytokines ; Schlüsselwörter Knochenmetastasen • Osteoklast • Knochenresorption • Protoonkogene c-src ; c-cbl ; c-fos ; c-fms • Zytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Skelettsystem ist ein häufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren. Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische, gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Läsionen. Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten, als der einzigen Zelle mit der Fähigkeit, Knochen zu resorbieren, eine besondere Bedeutung für die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu. Die Entwicklung möglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte für die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhängen, die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten. Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwärtigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption. Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten, Mechanismen der Mobilität bzw. Adhäsion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme. Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders berücksichtigt.
    Notes: Summary Bone is a common site for metastasis of malignant tumors. These can be recognized radiologically as either lytic or sclerotic lesions since the tumor cells stimulate resident bone cells to cause excessive local resorption or new bone formation. The osteoclast, as the only cell being capable of resorbing bone, is of major importance for the homing of tumor cells in bone and progression of metastasis due to bone destruction. Thus, the improvement of our means of therapeutic intervention towards prevention of tumor progression and pathological fractures will depend on our better understanding of both the molecular basis of bone resorption and the cellbiology of the osteoclast. This article presents our current opinion of the molecular mechanisms of bone resorption by the osteoclast. After describing the morphological features of the osteoclast, aspects such as cell mobility, attachment, enzymes synthesis, transmembrane transport, osteoclast differentiation and function, as well as the protooncogenes c-src and c-cbl and their role in bone resorption are presented in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density (BMD); Calcaneus; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Osteoporosis; Trabecular bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to quantify the heterogeneity in the trabecular bone structure in the calcaneus. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the calcaneus were obtained in the sagittal plane at an inplane resolution of 195 μm and a slice thickness of 1000 μm in 12 young normal subjects. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected to cover the calcaneus using a grid of square boxes (10 mm per side). A thresholding technique based on the regional intensity histogram was used to segment the images into trabecular bone and marrow phases and to calculate measures such as apparent trabecular bone area fraction, apparent trabecular spacing, apparent trabecular thickness and apparent trabecular number. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Histological sections of three calcanei were also analyzed using transmission light illumination, and the results used to calibrate our computational software. For a relatively narrow inter-subject variation in posterior BMD, a significant inter-subject variation was seen in MRI-derived structural parameters. Furthermore, the spatial heterogeneity of the structural parameters in the posterior region was as high as 40%. Thus, the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus, a typical site for BMD and single-point ultrasound assessments, can demonstrate significant regional variation in trabecular bone structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Calcifying solitary bone cyst ; Bone tumour ; Cementoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen solitary bone cysts (SBC) with large areas of calcification (7 in the femur, 4 in the humerus, and 1 each in the pelvis, the tibia and the scapula) and 402 SBC from the Hamburg Bone Tumour Registry were reviewed in a retrospective study. The analysis was done with emphasis on the clinical, radiological and histological appearances. SBC are well known lesions, but calcifying SBC (CSBC) or extensive extragnathic cement-like bone productions are rare. The clinical and radiological differential diagnosis includes fibrous dysplasia, chondroma, low-grade chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Bits of this cement-like matrix are detectable within the wall of approximately 70% (278 of 402) of SBC from the registry. CSBC are changed SBC. The intraoperative confirmation of the diagnosis on a frozen section by the bone pathologist leads to curettage which is currently the most common therapy in this benign lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 115 (1996), S. 262-269 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the structure of cancellous bone and its significance for vertebral fractures. Therefore, the complete spinal column from 40 autopsy cases (18 without diseases affecting the skeleton and 12 osteoporotic) was removed and sectioned in the sagittal plane to a thickness of 1 mm. A surface-stained block grinding technique allowed combined two- and three-dimensional histomorphometric analysis, which included an evaluation of the trabecular bone volume (BV/TV in %) and the trabecular interconnection (TBPf, in mm). In addition, qualitative investigation of the structure of trabecular bone was done. The distribution of trabecular bone volume within the spinal column of a normal skeleton shows a curve, with the highest values in the cervical spine and a decline in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Osteoporosis presents itself with a pathologically diminished trabecular bone volume, whereas the distribution within the spine is comparable to that of the controls. Osteoporotic patients show an apparently reduced trabecular interconnection. It is important that the measured values for TBPf are not only in general higher, but also more widely dispersed. The age-related decrease of trabecular bone mass is due to the transformation from plates to rods. This is quantitatively indicated by the close correlation of BV/TV and TBPf (P 〈 0.001, r = 0.85). The bone loss in osteoporosis is a loss of structure and a loss of whole trabeculae, which is caused by perforations. It involves a gradual change from normal bone. However, the polyostic heterogenity in osteoporosis is immense. These structural differences demonstrate the development of regions of least resistance within the spine, serving as an explanation of osteoporotic fractures. Due to the polyostotic heterogeneity it is impossible to define a threshold mineral content for crash fractures by diagnostic measurements at any reference site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Renale Osteopathie – Wirbelsäule – Beckenkammbiopsie – Knochenstruktur – Knochenvolumen – Spongiosa – Niereninsuffizienz – Hämodialyse ; Key words: Renal osteodystrophy – Spine – Iliac crest biopsy – Bone structure – Bone volume – Spongiosa – Renal insufficiency – Hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Characteristic skeletal changes occur in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was comprehensively to record bone volume changes in the spine, from C2 to L5, after a long history of hemodialysis. The spinal columns of nine autopsy cases who had undergone 4 to 15 years of dialysis were thoroughly examined. The age-related control group consisted of 26 autopsy cases with intact skeletons. A iliac crest biopsy facilitated a direct comparison of the diagnostic biopsy location and the spinal column. A newly developed preparation technique enables a combined two- and three-dimensional analysis to be made, so that in addition to the histologic image, the directly underlying three-dimensional structure can be analyzed. The spine deformity index (SDI), the bone volume (BV/TV), and the trabecular interconnection (TBPf) was quantitatively evaluated. The SDI shows vertebral fractures in renal osteodystrophy (ROD) types I and II in spite of a trabecular bone volume within normal limits. The trabecular bone volume shows a distribution throughout the spinal column familiar from the skeletally intact control group. The plateaulike curve line, decreasing from the cervical spine to the lumbar spine is, however, 5% lower in ROD. BV/TV values of 51.2% and 74.1% in the 2nd lumbar vertebra are clearly lower than in the corresponding iliac crest biopsy. Cases with a longer history of hemodialysis show higher BV/TV values irrespective of age and sex. Normal BV/TV does not mean physiological linking. Three-dimensional analysis in ROD shows, in comparison to the controls, a much stronger restructuring of the architecture than can be assumed from the two-dimensional histological sections. These findings thus indicate the relevance of an effective prophylaxis to preserve an ordered and functional spongiosa architecture.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz kommt es zu charakteristischen Skelettveränderungen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen war es, die Knochenmasseveränderungen der Wirbelsäule bei langjähriger Hämodialyse von C2 – L5 komplett zu erfassen. Von 9 Autopsiefällen mit einer Dialysedauer von 4 bis 15 Jahren wurden Wirbelsäulen komplett untersucht. Als altersentsprechendes Kontrollkollektiv dienten 26 skelettgesunde Autopsiefälle. Eine Beckenkammbiopsie ermöglichte den unmittelbaren Vergleich von diagnostischem Biopsieort und Wirbelsäule. Mit einer neu entwickelten Präparationstechnik ist die kombinierte zwei- und dreidimensionale Analyse möglich, so daß neben dem histologischen Bild unmittelbar die zugrunde liegende dreidimensionale Struktur analysiert werden kann. Quantitativ ausgewertet wurden die Wirbelkörperhöhen (SDI), das Knochenvolumen (BV/TV) und die intertrabekuläre Verknüpfung (TBPf). Der "spine deformity index" (SDI) zeigt Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei den Typen I und II der renalen Osteopathie (ROP), trotz eines trabekulären Knochenvolumens (BV/TV) im Normalbereich. BV/TV zeigt eine aus dem skelettgesunden Kontrollkollektiv bekannte Verteilung über die Wirbelsäule. Der von der HWS zur LWS abnehmende plateauartige Kurvenverlauf liegt jedoch bei den ROP um 5% niedriger. Das BV/TV des 2. LWK beträgt zwischen 51,2% und 74,1% des in der korrespondierenden Beckenkammbiopsie gemessenen Wertes. Die Fälle mit längerer Hämodialyse weisen unabhängig von Lebensalter und Geschlecht höhere BV/TV-Werte auf. Normales BV/TV ist nicht gleichbedeutend mit physiologischer Vernetzung der Spongiasa und funktioneller Statik. Die dreidimensionale Analyse bei ROP ergibt im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen eine sehr viel stärkere Umstrukturierung der Architektur als dies auf den 2-D-Schnittebenen und den trabekulären Knochenvolumina abgeleitet werden kann. Die Befunde unterstreichen die Bedeutung einer wirkungsvollen Prophylaxe zum Erhalt einer geordneten und somit funktionsfähigen Spongiosaarchitektur bei Patienten unter chronischer Hämodialyse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mikrokallusformationen ; Wirbelsäule ; Histomorphometrie ; Mikroarchitektur ; Osteoporose ; Key words Microcallus formation ; Spine ; Histomorphormetry ; Microarchitecture ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Microcallus formations are demonstrable in nearly all cancellous bones by means of suitable preparation techniques. Histologically, these structures are immature fibrous bone formed in local overloaded parts of the trabeculae. Using a preparation technique that allows combined two- and threedimensional analysis, 26 normal human spines and 11 osteoporotic spines were investigated for microcallus. Microcallus formations occur frequently in people over 45 years of age. They are mainly localized in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine and occur significantly more frequent in females than in males. The number of microcallus formations depends more on the microarchitecture of the cancellous bone than on individual trabecular parameters. In about 33 % of cases microfractures are demonstrable in the centre of the microcallus formation. In noninvasive studies the bone mass could be misinterpreted due to microcallus. Although it indicates instability of the bone structure, microcallus formation is not a purely negative mechanism. It stabilizes and regenerates the bone tissue. Furthermore, complete new trabeculae can be formed due to bridges of microcallus between residual trabeculae. Osteoporosis is not the result of an inability to form microcallus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mikrokallusformationen lassen sich in nahezu allen Skelettabschnitten der Spongiosa nachweisen. Mikrokallus besteht aus Geflechtknochen, der sich an lokal überbelasteten Stellen in der Spongiosa bildet. Mit Hilfe einer speziellen Präparationstechnik wurden 26 skelettgesunde und 11 Wirbelsäulen von Fällen mit Osteoporose untersucht. Mikrokallusformationen finden sich bevorzugt bei Frauen älter als 45 Jahre in den unteren Wirbelsäulenabschnitten. Dabei hat die Mikroarchitektur der Spongiosa (TBPf) einen stärkeren Einfluß auf die Anzahl der Mikrokalli, als individuelle Trabekelparameter (Tb.N, BV/TV und Tb.Th). Nur in 33 % der Formationen lassen sich Frakturspalten nachweisen. Mikrokallusformationen können nichtinvasive Knochenmassemessungen verfälschen. Auch wenn Mikrokallusformationen Indikatoren für eine Instabilität der Spongiosa sind, tragen sie zur Knochenregeneration bei, und die Entstehung neuer Trabekel ist durch sie möglich. Die Vorstellung, daß Osteoporose das Resultat einer verminderten Mikrokallusbildung ist, trifft nicht zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Apoptose ; bcl-2 ; Programmierter Zelltod ; Protoonkogene ; Onkogenese ; Knochentumoren ; Key words Apoptosis ; bcl-2 ; Programmed cell death ; protooncogenes ; oncogenesis ; bone tumors review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The realization that malignant tumors may grow not only due to proliferation but also because cells don't die when they should provides absolute new directions in basic and clinical tumor research. Thus, apoptosis, the programmed cell death is very hot now in the scientific community. In the center of interest are the regulation mechanisms of apoptosis and its significance in different tumor entities. Recently, numberous studies on apoptosis during embryogenesis, different stages of tissue development and in epithelial and hormone dependent tumors have been published. The data suggested an important role of bcl-2 in regulation of apoptosis. In this view the demonstration of bcl-2 oncogene expression in osteosarcoma, a mesenchymal tumor, is of potential great interest.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Realisation, daß Tumorwachstum nicht nur durch Zellproliferation, sondern auch durch ein längeres Zellüberleben bedingt sein kann, eröffnet vollständig neue Perspektiven in der Grundlagenforschung wie in der klinischen Tumorforschung. Die Apoptose ist deshalb heute Kernpunkt wissenschaftlicher Diskussion. Im Zentrum des derzeitigen Interesses ist neben den Steuermechanismen des programmierten Zelltodes auch der Nachweis seiner klinischen Bedeutung für die verschiedenen Tumorentitäten. Aktuelle Untersuchungen zur Embryogenese, zum physiologischen Zellumsatz und zu epithelialen und hormonabhängigen Tumoren weisen das Protoonkogen bcl-2 als einen wichtigen Regulator der Apoptose aus. Nach eigenen Untersuchungen hat der Pathomechanismus Apoptose auch für maligne mesenchymale Tumoren eine Bedeutung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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