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  • 1
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    Provincetown, Mass., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 35 (1928) 522-545 
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 74 (1969), S. 109-122 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 211 (1968), S. 51-67 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An extended array of emulsion and lead plates has been exposed at Zugspitze for 6 months. The results of the measurements carried out on individual high energy cascades, and families of cascades allow the following conclusions to be drawn: a) The vertical intensity of electrons andγ-quanta with energy 〉 1000 GeV on Zugspitze (2900 m) is 4.5/8.8 × 10−10 cm−2sec−1ster−1. b) The energy spectrum of these particles has the shape of a power law with exponent — 1.85. c) The production spectrum of secondary particles in individual interactions is derived, and it steepens with increasing primary energy. Using other evidence one may then conclude that this is due to an increase of multiplicity with primary energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1127-1133 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thirst regulation ; Vasopressin ; Renin-angiotensin-system ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Endstage renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of hemodialyzed patients are suffering from chronic fluid overload despite advice to restrict the oral fluid intake. To investigate the cause of the abnormal drinking behaviour a clinical study was performed in 51 non-diabetic patients with endstage renal disease exhibiting lower interdialytic weight gain (〈3 kg,n=17) and increased interdialytic weight gain (〉3 kg,n=34). Blood pressure, body weight self-estimated thirst intensity before and after hemodialysis were analyzed. Biochemical and behavioral variables were measured including hormonal factors of water and sodium metabolism. Significant differences of dry weight, creatinine, urea nitrogen and thirst intensity were found between the two groups. Catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide exhibited a similar pattern in both groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide decreased during hemodialysis in both groups, angiotensin II, however, and norepinephrine showed an exaggerated response to ultrafiltration rate in polydipsic patients. These results suggest that changes in serum osmolality during hemodialysis did not contribute to thirst and drinking behaviour. It seems that postdialytic hypovolaemia together with higher plasma-angiotensin II-levels is responsible for increased oral intake of fluid and excessive weight gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 715-726 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Stress ; Emotion ; Hypertension ; Central Nervous System ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Catecholamines ; Streß ; Emotion ; Hypertonie ; Zentralnervensystem ; Sympathicus ; Katecholamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der multifaktoriellen Genese der Hypertonie wird dem Streß eine wichtige ursächliche Bedeutung zugeschrieben, die Vielfalt der Stressoren, die Komplexität der Streßreaktion sowie die vor allem dem Menschen eigene Fähigkeit der Streßreduktion modifizieren jedoch seinen Stellenwert. In dieser Übersicht werden das Konzept des Stresses, sein Erscheinungsbild und seine zentralnervösen Abläufe eingehender analysiert, die Rolle der Emotion als streßbegleitende Reaktion wird herausgestellt. Als wichtiges funktionelles Bindeglied zwischen Streßreaktion und Hypertonie kann das sympathische Nervensystem angesehen werden, da es auch bei der Borderline-Hypertonie eine übergeordnete Rolle spielt. Die naheliegende Annahme einer direkten ursächlichen Verknüpfung von Streß und Hypertonie wird vor dem Hintergrund experimenteller und epidemiologischer Daten durchleuchtet; offenbar hat Streß nur in der Initialphase der essentiellen Hypertonie einen pathogenetischen Stellenwert, bei manifester Hypertonie jedoch kann er als Auslöser intermittierender Blutdruckanstiege therapeutische Bedeutung erlangen.
    Notes: Summary In current literature stress is assumed to be an import factor in the multifactorial pathogenesis of hypertension. The cardiovascular response might be dependent on the type and severity of stressors, the complexity of stress reaction and the ability of man to counteract stress. In this review the concept of stress, its nature and the participation of the central nervous system are elucidated. The role of emotion is also discussed, as well as a connection to stress mechanisms. The sympathetic nervous system acts as link between stress and hypertension, especially borderline-hypertension. Based on various experimental models as well as epidemiological investigations the hypothesis that stress is a causative factor in the initiation of hypertension is critically discussed. In patients with a genetic predisposition to hypertension, stress may play an important role in early manifestations of chronic blood pressure elevation, and in established hypertension, however, psychological stress contributes to temporary or longer lasting increases of blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocyte lysosomal factors ; Elastase ; Acute and chronic uremia ; Catabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insights into the underlying mechanisms the lysosomal factors of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and the plasma elastase-α 1-proteinase inhibitor complex were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Lysosomal activity was evaluated in peripheral blood smears by the lysis of erythrocytes and plasma (halo formation) around each neutrophil induced by 0.25 M NaCl borate buffer. In about half of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency on dietary treatment lysosomal activity of PMN leukocytes was reduced. The plasma concentration of elastase-α 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was normal in most subjects, but increased in three patients with the highest serum creatinine levels (〉13 mg/dl). In the patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of various origin (postoperatively, septicemia, pancreatitis, or dye-induced) halo formation was either reduced or absent. The plasma elastase-α 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was increased in 5/6 of the patients by a factor of two to four. Also in the patients on regular hemodialysis treatment halo formation of PMN leukocytes was substantially reduced, whereas the plasma levels of elastase-α 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was slightly increased. The finding of reduced lysosomal activity of PMN neutrophils in uremia may be partly due to an enhanced release of neutral proteinases into the circulation as indicated by the elevated plasma levels of elastase-α 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in some patients. This release might be in part due to the effect of “uremic toxins”. In the patients on hemodialysis treatment the contact of the blood with the dialyzer (cuprophane) membrane might be an additional factor. Moreover, in the patients with acute renal failure the underlying disease (infection, shock, trauma) contributes to the release of proteinases. These disturbances may be harmful to the patient if the blood concentration or function of the most important proteinase inhibitors (α 1-proteinase inhibitor,α 2-macroglobulin) is reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 575-577 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glomerular haematuria ; Glomerulonephritis ; Diuresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation between glomerular and non-glomerular haematuria by phase-contrast microscopy has proved to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of marked diuresis on the altered red cell morphology in patients with biopsy proven glomerulonephritis, urinary sediments were examined following water or furosemide-induced diuresis. In both diuretic states urine flow increased, urine osmolality decreased and the percentage of glomerular erythrocytes was significantly reduced in the urinary sediment. These data demonstrate that the alteration in urinary red cells in glomerulonephritis is mainly caused by tubular forces. The diagnostic significance is reduced during increased diuresis and the evaluation of urinary red cell morphology should not be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 948-958 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Genitourinary tract malformations ; Phosphate and magnesium depletion ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Acute renal failure ; Hypertension ; Alkohol ; Alkoholische Embryopathie ; Urogenitaltraktschädigung ; Phosphatund Magnesiumdepletion ; Rhabdomyolyse ; Akutes Nierenversagen ; Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nephrologisch wichtige Störungen des schwereren Alkoholismus manifestieren sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Eine direkte Schädigung der Nieren und abführenden Harnwege ist bislang ausschließlich bei alkoholischer Embryopathie nachgewiesen. Beim Erwachsenen dominieren unspezifische und komplexe Elektrolytstörungen mit Akzentuierung im Alkohol-Entzugssyndrom. Die Niere ist nicht selten primäre Ursache verschiedener Störungen, sie trägt ferner zur — oft inadäquaten — Kompensation extrarenal entstandener Stoffwechselstörungen (z.B. Phosphatmangel, Hypoglykämie) bei. Der alkoholassoziierten Uratretention, hervorgerufen durch Hyperlaktatämie oder Erhöhung derβ-Hydroxybuttersäure, kommt — wegen meist mäßiger Ausprägung — für die Entwicklung einer hyperurikämischen Nephropathie nur geringe Bedeutung zu. Alkoholexzeß (akut oder chronisch) prädisponiert zur Rhabdomyolyse mit konsekutivem Nierenversagen. Möglicherweise ist bei schwerem Alkoholismus und Myopathie die Vulnerabilität der Nieren für andere Noxen gesteigert. Bei der Ratte wird das Glyzerin-induzierte akute Nierenversagen durch Alkoholvorbehandlung verstärkt. Alkohol begünstigt ferner bei Normotonikern und Hypertonikern einen Blutdruckanstieg, der seinerseits das Risiko einer Nierenschädigung erhöht.
    Notes: Summary Different nephrological derangements are observed in severe alcoholics. Until now the direct toxicity of ethanol is only shown in the fetal alcohol syndrome with various malformations of the genitourinary tract. In the adult the kidney is often involved in the development, maintenance and counterregulation of complex electrolyte disturbances like phosphate and potassium hypoglycemia etc. The alcohol associated retention of urate, induced by hyperlactatemia and/or increasedβ-hydroxybutyrate concentration is only rarely complicated by urate nephropathy. Alcohol intoxication (acute and chronic) predisposes to rhabdomyolysis with the risk of acute renal failure. There are some hints that chronic alcoholism with myopathy increases the vulnerability of the kidney for further toxic agents. In rats glycerol induced renal failure is enhanced by alcohol pretreatment. Finally, regular alcohol consumption raises the blood pressure, which per se is a risk factor for renal damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 633-640 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcium antagonists ; Nifedipine ; Verapamil ; Diltiazem ; Effects in experimental and essential hypertension ; Side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcium antagonists (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) are potent vascular smooth muscle relaxants. Experimental and clinical investigations provide growing evidence that they are effective in acute and (sub)chronic therapy of arterial hypertension by lowering peripheral vascular resistance and improvement of altered hemodynamics — independent from pathogenesis of hypertension. Due to its prompt and profound hypotensive action, sublingual or oral nifedipine has been used successfully in hypertensive crises. The hypotensive effect usually correlates closely with the severity of hypertension and is nearly absent in normotensive controls. Since the blood pressure drop may occasionally result in absolute or relative hypotension, the initial dose should be as low as possible. The activation of the adrenergic and renin angiotensin systems seen after nifedipine administration is less pronounced after chronic administration of the drug and is nearly absent after verapamil and diltiazem. Plasma aldosterone concentrations remain constant or are slightly decreased. In contrast to classic vasodilators, the long-term administration of calcium antagonists usually does not result in tachycardia (nifedipine), but slight sinus bradycardia (verapamil, diltiazem). Peripheral edema may occasionally occur after nifedipine. A tolerance has been observed during long-term treatment of hypertension. Combining these drugs (verapamil, diltiazem) with betablockers is not recommended due to the negative inotropic and bathmotropic effects. Simultaneous administration of nifedipine and beta-blockers enhances the hypotensive action, but favours the development of peripheral edema and in rare cases (especially in severe coronary heart disease) results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure and/or congestive heart failure. Further clinical evaluation and long-term trials of calcium antagonists as antihypertensive agents will be needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 88 (1970), S. 137-147 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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