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  • Electronic Resource  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (17)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1999  (6)
  • 1995  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron–anode interactions in particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3369-3387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes using the QUICKSILVER code [D. B. Seidel et al., in Proceedings of the Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics, Amsterdam, 1990, edited by A. Tenner (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), p. 475] have been augmented with Monte Carlo calculations of electron–anode interactions (reflection and energy deposition). Extraction diode simulations demonstrate a link between the instability evolution and increased electron loss and anode heating. Simulations of radial and extraction ion diodes show spatial nonuniformity in the predicted electron loss profile leading to hot spots on the anode that rapidly exceed the 350 °C–450 °C range, known to be sufficient for plasma formation on electron-bombarded surfaces. Thermal desorption calculations indicate complete desorption of contaminants with 15–20 kcal/mole binding energies in high-dose regions of the anode during the power pulse. Comparisons of parasitic ion emission simulations and experiment show agreement in some aspects, but also highlight the need for better ion source, plasma, and neutral gas models. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosing plasma conditions in light ion beam fusion experiments using inner-shell x-ray line emission (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 564-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Kα emission spectroscopy is an important diagnostic technique used for plasmas created in intense light ion beam experiments.b),c) Emission lines can be produced as 2p electrons drop down to fill 1s vacancies created by the ion beam. Bailey et al.b) reported the first spectroscopic measurements of Kα x-ray satellites in intense proton beam experiments on PBFA-II at Sandia. Kα emission spectra have also recently been observed in intense Li-beam experiments on PBFA-II.d) Two approaches are used to analyze time-integrated x-ray spectra. In the first, CRE calculations are performed to compute synthetic time-integrated spectra using plasma conditions predicted from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. In the second approach, plasma conditions are deduced from Kα satellite line intensity ratios measured from the highest ionization stages observed in the experiments. Results will be presented from our analysis of recent PBFA-II x-ray spectra. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146353
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target diagnostics for intense lithium ion hohlraum experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A review of the diagnostics used at Sandia National Laboratories to measure the parameters of intense lithium ion-beam hohlraum target experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of x-ray spectral and imaging diagnostics that enable measurements of target temperature and x-ray output. The x-ray diagnostics include time-integrated and time-resolved pinhole cameras, energy-resolved one-dimensional streaked imaging diagnostics, time-integrated and time-resolved grazing incidence spectrographs, a transmission grating spectrograph, an elliptical crystal spectrograph, a bolometer array, an 11- element x-ray diode array, and an 11-element PIN diode detector array. The incident Li beam symmetry and an estimate of incident Li beam power density can be measured from ion beam-induced characteristic x-ray line emission and neutron emission. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146334
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ gettering of edge-defined film-fed growth silicon in a CO ambient (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) Si grown with carbon monoxide (CO) added to the Ar ambient during crystal growth yields solar cells with higher efficiencies than when grown without CO. This increase in cell efficiency is not fully understood. Surface photovoltage, deep-level transient spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the minority carrier diffusion lengths, impurity distributions, and defect structures in uncontaminated, Cr contaminated, and V contaminated EFG material grown with and without CO added to the Ar ambient. We conclude that "SiC-like'' complexes in the near-surface region of the CO ambient material act as gettering sites during crystal growth, and that this gettering action results in lower bulk impurity levels and higher solar cell efficiencies. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359332
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual orientation revolution (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 11 (1995), S. 353-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Dean Hamer's 1993 report of linkage between X chromosomal markers and male sexual orientation1–2 has surely inspired more controversy than any other linkage finding to date. Some gay individuals were delighted that the finding seemed to confirm intuitions that their sexuality reflected innate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1295-353
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/990031
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorometric measurement of poly-β hydroxybutyrate in Alcaligenes eutrophus by flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1995), S. 653-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two fluorometric assays for the determination of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) inside intact cells are presented in this paper, a spectrofluorometric method and one based on a laser flow cytometer. The principles of these assays are given, and the results of these methods are compared with those of a gas chromatographic assay. All assays were used for the monitoring of batch cultivations of Alcaligenes eutrophus. The correlation between all methods was very good; however, the fluorometric analysis was the fastest while the cytometric assay gave a direct insight into the PHB distribution over the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171939
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorometric measurement of poly-β hydroxybutyrate in Alcaligenes eutrophus by flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1995), S. 653-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Two fluorometric assays for the determination of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) inside intact cells are presented in this paper, a spectrofluorometric method and one based on a laser flow cytometer. The principles of these assays are given, and the results of these methods are compared with those of a gas chromatographic assay. All assays were used for the monitoring of batch cultivations of Alcaligenes eutrophus. The correlation between all methods was very good; however, the fluorometric analysis was the fastest, while the cytometric assay gave a direct insight into the PHB distribution over the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of three genes expressed primarily during development in Physarum polycephalum (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 364-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Slime moulds ; Physarum polycephalum ; Plasmodium development ; Differential gene expression ; Myosin ; Calcium-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum, uninucleate amoebae develop into multinucleate syncytial plasmodia. These two cell types differ greatly in cellular organisation, behaviour and gene expression. Classical genetic analysis has identified the mating-type gene, matA, as the key gene controlling the initiation of plasmodium development, but nothing is known about the molecular events controlled by matA. In order to identify genes involved in regulating plasmodium formation, we constructed a subtracted cDNA library from cells undergoing development. Three genes that have their highest levels of expression during plasmodium development were identified: redA, redB (regulated in development) and mynD (myosin). Both redA and redB are single-copy genes and are not members of gene families. Although redA has no significant sequence similarities to known genes, redB has sequence similarity to invertebrate sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins. The mynD gene is closely related to type II myosin heavy-chain genes from many organisms and is one of a family of type II myosin genes in P. polycephalum. Our results indicate that many more red genes remain to be identified, some of which may play key roles in controlling plasmodium formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050773
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature wear of cemented tungsten carbide tools while machining particleboard and fiberboard (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 45 (1999), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Cemented tungsten carbide ; Machining ; Wear mechanism ; Particleboard ; Fiberboard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Published research on the wear processes of cemented tungsten carbide tools used for machining reconstituted wood products was reviewed, and the current state of knowledge in this area was evaluated. Underlying assumptions and conclusions regarding high-temperature oxidation/corrosion wear during machining were examined in view of known reaction kinetics of cemented tungsten carbide alloys in oxidative and corrosive environments at temperatures that may occur at the cutting edge. This examination indicated that some wear mechanisms other than high-temperature oxidation/corrosion are likely to be rate-controlling when machining reconstituted wood products such as particleboard and fiberboard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538952
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