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  • Electronic Resource  (8)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
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  • Electronic Resource  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and optical properties of ruthenium-related defects in silicon (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2495-2500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical and optical properties of defects due to ion implantation of ruthenium in silicon have been studied by means of junction space-charge techniques. Two energy levels were observed with energy positions at Ec−0.184 eV (A-level) and EV+0.265 eV (B-level), respectively, at 77 K. The changes in enthalpy due to the capture of electrons and holes were −8 meV (A-level) and 1 meV (B-level). Gibb's free energies at different temperatures were calculated for both levels. Good agreement with the corresponding optical threshold energy was found for the B-level suggesting a small Frank–Condon shift. A tentative model for the origin of the observed defects is discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of optical properties of the deep sulfur center in silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5312-5317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral distributions of the hole photoionization cross section of the deep sulfur center in silicon have been measured at 10 different temperatures within the range 75 K≤T≤297 K applying the steady-state photocurrent technique. Zero-phonon hole binding energies of the deep donor level have been determined at these temperatures by using a detailed numerical fitting procedure. The temperature dependence of the hole binding energy is well described by a novel analytical formula with a zero-temperature binding energy of 557 meV. Further analysis of our data resulted in a lattice adjustment energy (Franck–Condon shift) of 51 meV and an associated average phonon energy of 33 meV. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb effects on charged, buried metal disks at room temperature (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2610-2612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Capacitance transients caused by capture and emission of electrons from buried metal disks are investigated. A single layer of tungsten disks, arranged in a square lattice, is introduced into GaAs by epitaxial overgrowth and a depleted layer is formed around the disks due to the metal–semiconductor Schottky barrier. The number of captured electrons on each disk is measured by the capacitance associated with the width of the depletion layer, whereas the capacitance transients reflect the changes in the number of excess electrons on the disks. By investigating the emission time constants for varying numbers of electrons in excess on the disks, the Coulomb effect is studied. In combination with a temperature-dependent capture, a Coulomb charging energy of only 4 meV is shown to shift the measured activation energies erroneously by hundreds of meV. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121433
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case study of an InAs quantum dot memory: Optical storing and deletion of charge (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in an InP matrix using photocapacitance and photocurrent spectroscopy. These dots are potentially promising for memories due to the large confinement energy for holes. In this work we have realized simple quantum dot memory by placing the dots in the space–charge region of a Schottky junction. Our measurements reveal that a maximum of about one hole can be stored per dot. We also find that illumination for an extended period deletes the stored charge. We show that these limitations do not reflect the intrinsic properties of the dots, but rather the sample structure in combination with deep traps present in the sample. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1382628
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical therapy and imaging outcome measures in a haemophilia population treated with factor prophylaxis: current status and future directions (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Routine infusions of factor VIII to prevent bleeding, known as prophylaxis, and other intensive therapies are being more broadly applied to patients with haemophilia. These therapies differ widely in replacement product usage, cost, frequency of venous access and parental effort. In order to address residual issues relating to recommendations, implementation, and evaluations of prophylaxis therapy in persons with haemophila, a multinational working group was formed and called the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG). The group was comprised of haemophilia treaters actively involved in studies of prophylaxis from North America and Europe. Two expert committees, the Physical Therapy (PT) Working Group and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Working Group were organized to critically assess existing tools for assessment of joint outcome. These two committees independently concluded that the WFH Physical Examination Scale (WFH PE Scale) and the WFH X-ray Scale (WFH XR Scale) were inadequately sensitive to detect early changes in joints. New scales were developed based on suggested modifications of the existing scales and called the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and the International MRI Scales. The new scales were piloted. Concordance was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient of variation. Reliability of the HJHS was excellent with an inter-observer co-efficient of 0.83 and a test-retest value of 0.89. The MRI study was conducted using both Denver and European scoring approaches; inter-reader reliability using the two approaches was 0.88 and 0.87; test-retest reliability was 0.92 and 0.93. These new PT and MRI scales promise to improve outcome assessment in children on early preventive treatment regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00978.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new magnetic resonance imaging scoring method for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  In a European multicentre study, 39 ankles in 28 haemophilic boys were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A new MRI score was developed in the format A(e:s:h) for evaluating haemophilic arthropathy. This scheme provides high resolution and allows separation of different pathological components. The factor A is calculated as the sum of scores for subchondral cysts (maximum value 6), irregularity/erosion of subchondral cortex (maximum 4) and chondral destruction (maximum 6); e, s and h, respectively, represent effusion/haemarthrosis, synovial hypertrophy and haemosiderin deposition, and they are separately evaluated on a scale of 0–4. Working independently, two radiologists scored the 39 ankles twice using both this new ‘European’ scoring method and a previously published ‘Denver’ scoring scheme. Final classification was achieved by consensus. The reproducibility of the readings was assessed, and for both scoring methods the results indicated good or moderate intraobserver agreement, and good, moderate or fair interobserver agreement. These findings suggest that MRI can be useful for semiquantitative evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy, providing the examination is performed according to an appropriate protocol, and the images are evaluated by specially trained radiologists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00902.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser transillumination of breast tissue phantoms using time-resolved techniques (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 387-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Time resolve ; Transillumination measurements ; Breast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate a pulsed laser transillumination technique based on time-resolved detection on breast-tissue-like phantoms. Experiments have been performed on tissue-like plastic phantoms with different scattering characteristics. The effects of time-gate width, size, localisation and refractive index of hidden objects have been scrutinised. Our study showed that the shorter the time-gate the higher the contrast. The contrast is very dependent on the size of the hole, whereas the full width half maximum is not. Furthermore, the investigation showed that the changes of early detected light in an experimental setting is due to scattering, and not to a higher speed of the transmitted light
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180619
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition and characterization of screen-printed porous multi-layer thick film structures from semiconducting and conducting nanomaterials for use in photovoltaic devices (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three-layer structures of thick (〉5 μm) films of nanosized titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, and carbon have been screen-printed on a semi-production level for use in photosensitized photovoltaic devices. The films have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The rheology of the screen-printing pastes has been measured, and qualitatively matched to the quality of the resultant film. Three titanium dioxide candidates were evaluated for performance. At low light levels (〈300 lux, i.e., typical indoor light levels), photosensitized photovoltaic modules made from these screen-printed structures exhibited equal or superior performance to a commercially available amorphous silicon module.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008989601919
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