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  • Digitale Medien  (9)
  • 1995-1999  (9)
  • Triticum aestivum  (3)
  • Amiloride  (2)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • -Sekretion  (1)
  • CT  (1)
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  • Digitale Medien  (9)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ionentransporte über die Nasen- und Nasennebenhöhlenschleimhaut bei Mukoviszidose und chronischer Sinusitis (1999)
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Mukoviszidose ; Zystische Fibrose ; Menschliches Nasalepithel ; Epithelialer Na+-Kanal ; Cl ; -Sekretion ; Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Human nasal epithelium ; Epithelial Na+ channels ; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ; Cl ; secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most commonly inherited disease in Caucasians and is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding a membrane transport protein. This cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is thought to be an apical Cl– channel activated by intracellular cAMP. Most recent findings suggest that CFTR is more than a pure Cl– channel and might be involved in the regulation of other transport systems. In the present study we show that CFTR as a Cl– channel plays only a minor role in primary cultured human nasal epithelium derived from non-CF and CF patients. These findings are especially of interest for non-CF human nasal epithelia in which CFTR is correctly inserted. In both tissues Cl– secretion is negligible as compared with Na+ absorption. We confirm and expand our previous observations that Na+ absorption in human nasal epithelium is the dominant ion transport process and that Cl– secretion is detectable in both CF and non-CF tissue. Moreover, we show that cAMP and ATP were not able to stimulate any silent Cl– channels in CF or non-CF human nasal epithelial cells. We further give evidence that in human nasal CF and non-CF epithelium Na+ absorption is mediated by epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) that are either different from those of other epithelia or which exhibit altered regulation. These differences between Na+ channels of human nasal epithelium and ”classical” epithelial Na+ channels include lack of activation by the intracellular second messenger cAMP and the steroid hormone aldosterone. We show further that human nasal Na+ channels are inhibited by Cl–-channel blockers and exhibit a different pharmacology towards common Na+ channel blockers.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Mukoviszidose [zystische Fibrose (CF)] ist die häufigste Erbkrankheit in der kaukasischen Bevölkerung. Sie wird hervorgerufen durch Mutation eines Gens, welches für ein membranständiges Transportprotein kodiert, den „cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator” (CFTR). Dieser CFTR ist in der apikalen Membran von Epithelzellen lokalisiert und fungiert dort als cAMP-aktivierbarer Cl–-Kanal. Neuere Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß der CFTR mehr als ein normaler Cl–-Kanal ist und wahrscheinlich in die Regulation einer Reihe weiterer Transportsysteme involviert ist. In dieser Studie zeigen wir, daß der CFTR in seiner Rolle als Cl–-Kanal nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in primärkultivierten menschlichen Nasenepithelzellen von CF- und Nicht-CF-Patienten spielt. Dieses Ergebnis ist besonders für das Nasenepithel von Nicht-CF-Patienten erstaunlich, da hier der CFTR korrekt eingebaut wird. In beiden Geweben spielt also eine Cl–-Sekretion verglichen mit der Na+-Absorption eine vergleichsweise geringe Rolle. Wir bestätigen mit dieser Untersuchung unsere früheren Beobachtungen, daß im menschlichen Nasenepithel Na+-Absorption der dominierende Ionentransportprozeß ist und eine Cl–-Sekretion weder in CF- noch in Nicht- CF-Geweben in relevantem Maße vorhanden ist. Zudem zeigen wir, daß weder cAMP noch ATP irgendeine Cl–-Sekretion in CF- oder Nicht-CF-Nasenepithelzellen stimulieren können. Desweiteren ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, daß sich die epithelialen Na+-Kanäle (ENaC) im Nasenepithel, welche für einen Teil der Na+-Absorption zuständig sind, von den epithelialen Na+-Kanälen in anderen Geweben unterscheiden. Diese Unterschiede zwischen den Na+-Kanälen im menschlichen Nasenepithel und den „klassischen” epithelialen Na+-Kanälen bestehen einerseits in ihrer fehlenden Aktivierbarkeit durch den intrazellulären Botenstoff cAMP und das Steroidhormon Aldosteron. Wir zeigen weiterhin, daß menschliche nasale Na+-Kanäle durch Cl–-Kanal-Blocker gehemmt werden können und eine andere Pharmakologie auf gebräuchliche Na+-Kanal-Blocker aufweisen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050375
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after inhaling heroin vapour (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Leucoencephalopathy ; Heroin ; Cerebellum ; CT ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. This is a report of clinical, CT and MRI findings in a patient with toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after heroin ingestion. The disease is observed in drug addicts who inhale pre-heated heroin. The clinical onset, which usually occurs some days or even longer after the last heroin consumption, is characterized by a cerebellar syndrome. The cerebellar hemispheres, the cerebellar and cerebral peduncles and the pyramidal tract may be affected. Spongiform demyelination is the morphological substrate of the lesions, which are not contrast enhancing, hypodense on CT and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. The frequently perfect symmetry of the affection of functional systems points to a toxic and/or metabolic pathophysiological mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050467
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    cAMP-activation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels from guinea-pig colon expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 913-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsXenopus oocytes ; Guinea-pig colon ; Na+ channel ; Single-channel analysis ; Amiloride ; Benzamil ; cAMP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Guinea-pig distal colonic mRNA injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in expression of functional active epithelial Na+ channels in the oocyte plasma membrane. Poly(A)+ RNA was extracted from distal colonic mucosa of animals fed either a high-salt (HS) or a low-salt (LS) diet. The electrophysiological properties of the expressed amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductances were investigated by conventional two-electrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp measurements. Injection of poly(A)+ RNA from HS-fed animals [from hereon referred to as HS-poly(A)+ RNA] into oocytes induced the expression of amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductances. On the other hand, oocytes injected with poly(A)+ RNA from LS-fed animals [LS-poly(A)+ RNA] expressed a markedly larger amount of amiloride-blockable Na+ conductances. LS-poly(A)+ RNA-induced conductances were completely inhibitable by amiloride with a K i of 77 nM, and were also blocked by benzamil with a K i of 1.8 nM. 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA), even in high doses (25 μM), had no detectable effect on the Na+ conductances. Expressed amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels could be further activated by cAMP leading to nearly doubled clamp currents. When Na+ was replaced by K+, amiloride (1 μM) showed no effect on the clamp current. Single-channel analysis revealed slow gating behaviour, open probabilities (P o) between 0.4 and 0.9, and slope conductances of 3.8 pS for Na+ and 5.6 pS for Li+. The expressed channels showed to be highly selective for Na+ over K+ with a permeability ratio P Na/P K 〉 20. Amiloride (500 nM) reduced channel P o to values 〈 0.05. All these features make the guinea-pig distal colon of LS-fed animals an interesting mRNA source for the expression of highly amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in Xenopus oocytes, which could provide new insights in the regulatory mechanism of these channels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050085
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cystic fibrosis and non-cystic-fibrosis human nasal epithelium show analogous Na+ absorption and reversible block by phenamil (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Human nasal epithelium ; Primary culture ; Epithelial Na+ channel ; Amiloride ; Phenamil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Transepithelial short-circuit current (I SC), potential (V T) and resistance (R T) of confluent monolayers of human nasal epithelium cultured from patients with and without cystic fibrosis (CF) were measured. In our Ussing chamber experiments with monolayers derived from non-CF and CF patients neither I SC (non-CF: 14.1 ± 1.0 μA/cm2, n = 77; CF: 16.7 ± 1.5 μA/cm2, n = 42), nor R T (non-CF: 288 ± 15 Ω· cm2; CF: 325 ± 20 Ω· cm2) showed any significant differences, only V T showed moderate but significant different values (non-CF: –3.6 ± 0.4 mV; CF: –5.6 ± 0.7 mV, respectively). Total I SC in CF cells was nearly completely inhibited by amiloride (92 ± 9.6%), while in non-CF tissue amiloride-insensitive conductances mediated a considerable amount of the I SC (36.3 ± 6.1%), indicating a lower activity of amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductances in non-CF cells. In both tissues the amiloride-sensitive I SC could also be blocked by the amiloride analogues benzamil, phenamil and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)2’,4’-amiloride (EIPA) with different affinities. However, amiloride had a significant lower affinity in CF tissue (half-maximal blocker concentration, K 1/2 = 586 ± 59 nM) compared with non-CF tissue (K 1/2 = 294 ± 22 nM). Astonishingly, phenamil, a blocker which irreversibly blocks all epithelial Na+ channels hitherto described, inhibited the Na+ conductances of human nasal epithelium in a completely reversible way, but nevertheless with high affinity (non-CF: K 1/2 = 12.5 ± 1.2 nM; CF: K 1/2 = 17.1 ± 1.1 nM). Even in high doses none of these blockers had any effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentration as measured with Fura-2. From these findings, we conclude that the epithelial Na+ conductances of human CF nasal epithelium show modified regulation or are functionally different from those of other tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050358
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The application of wheat microsatellites to identify disomic Triticum aestivum-Aegilops markgrafii addition lines (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 138-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Aegilops markgrafii ; Triticum aestivum ; Addition lines ; Chromosome markers ; Homoeology ; Wheat ; Wheat microsatellites
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We describe the use of wheat microsatellites for the discrimination of Aegilops markgrafii chromosomes. Twenty out of eighty eight wheat microsatellites (WMS) tested were able to distinguish Triticum aestivum-Ae. markgrafii addition lines. Six, three, three, one and six of 18 WMS can be used as markers for single Ae. markgrafii chromosomes B, C, D, F and G, respectively. Addition line A is not available but additional bands, appearing only in Ae. markgrafii and the T. aestivum-Ae. markgrafii amphiploid and not in any of the available addition lines, indicate that three WMS detect markers for Ae. markgrafii chromosomes A. Addition line E could not be detected by any of the WMS markers applied, although the 20 WMS represented all the homologous groups of wheat. All three WMS located on the short arm of group-2 chromosomes were located on Ae. markgrafii chromosome B; three of four WMS, located on the long arm of wheat group-2 chromosomes, were specific to Ae. markgrafii chromosome G and three of four WMS, specific to group-5 chromosomes, were markers for Ae. markgrafii chromosome C, indicating the homoeology of these wheat chromosome arms with the respective Ae. markgrafii chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050720
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPDs as molecular markers for the detection of Aegilops markgrafii chromatin in addition and euploid introgression lines of hexaploid wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 934-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Aegilops markgrafii ; Triticum aestivum ; RAPD ; Addition lines ; Leaf rust ; Powdery mildew
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Aegilops markgrafii contains resistance genes to powdery mildew, leaf rust and stripe rust, and also has high crude protein and lysine contents, which can be useful for wheat improvement. These important traits are localized on different chromosomes. Disomic Triticum aestivum-Ae. markgrafii addition lines and euploid introgression lines showing leaf-rust and powdery mildew resistance were screened with RAPDs to detect chromosome-specific markers which can accelerate the breeding process. RAPD markers for all six available disomic addition lines were obtained. The additional chromosomes B, C, D, E, F and G were identified by three, three, three, two, one and seven primers, respectively. All three chromosome-B-specific RAPD markers demonstrated the presence of alien chromatin in the leaf-rust-resistant 42-chromosome introgression lines as well as in the segregating progeny. The three chromosome-C-identifying primers also demonstrated the presence of that chromosome in powdery mildew-resistant euploid introgression lines. The substitution lines (5A)5C and (5D)5C with different genetic backgrounds for both parents, in comparison to the lines mentioned above, showed the chromosome C-specific band with only two of the three primers. The chromosome F-specific primer and a primer evident on all the Ae. markgrafii chromosomes analysed did not generate the expected fragments on the chromosome Fdel addition line, indicating that the markers are located on the deleted part of chromosome F.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050498
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aneuploids as a key for new molecular cloning strategies: development of DNA markers by microdissection using Triticum aestivum-Aegilops markgrafii chromosome addition line B (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 89 (1996), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Aegilops markgrafii ; aneuploids ; chromosome specific library ; DOP-PCR ; microdissection ; molecular markers ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary We established a chromosome specific DNA library of the Aegilops markgrafii chromosome B. Eight microdissected chromosomes B obtained from a monosomic T. aestivum-Aegilops markgrafii addition line were PCR-amplified and the DNA was cloned in Escherichia coli DH5α. Clones were characterized by dot blot hybridization with total Ae. markgrafii DNA. 62% of clones represented repetitive sequences and 38% low or single copy sequences. The estimated length of excised inserts varied between less than 200 bp and more than 500 bp. The average size of inserts was 310 bp.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015717
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Ammonolyse von (NH4)2GeF6. Darstellung und Struktur von NH4[Ge(NH3)F5] (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1529-1534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Formation of NH4[Ge(NH3)F5] ; structure ; ammonolysis ; ir spectrum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ammonolysis Reaction of (NH4)2GeF6. Synthesis and Structure of NH4[Ge(NH3)F5](NH4)2GeF6 reacts with ammonia to yield NH4[Ge(NH3)F5] at 280°C. The reaction path was elucidated by in situ time and temperature resolved X-ray powder diffraction. NH4[Ge(NH3)F5] crystallizes isostructurally to NH4[Si(NH3)F5] in the tetragonal space group P4/n (No. 85) with lattice constants a = 619.41(1) pm and c = 724.70(1) pm. The germanium atom is coordinated by five fluorine atoms and the nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule. The ammonium cation is located on the Wyckoff position (2 a) in P4/n. The crystal structure is stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding.
    Notizen: (NH4)2GeF6 reagiert mit Ammoniak bei 280°C zu NH4[Ge(NH3)F5]. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde in situ mit Hilfe der zeit- und temperaturaufgelösten Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie verfolgt. Das so dargestellte NH4[Ge(NH3)F5] kristallisiert isostrukturell mit NH4[Si(NH3)F5] in der tetragonalen Raumgruppe P4/n (Nr. 85) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 619,41(1) pm und c = 724,70(1) pm. Dabei ist das Germaniumatom verzerrt oktaedrisch von fünf Fluoratomen und dem Stickstoffatom des Ammoniakmoleküls koordiniert. Das Ammoniumion liegt auf der Tetraederpunktlage (2 a) in P4/n. Die Verbindung wird durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen stabilisiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19976231010
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zeit- und temperaturaufgelöste Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie: Die Reaktion von (NH4)2SnF6 mit Ammoniak (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 617-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Formation of Sn(NH3)2F4 ; ammonolysis ; thermal decomposition of (NH4)2SnF6 ; time and temperature resolved x-ray diffractometry ; in situ x-ray diffractometry ; solid state reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Time and Temperature Resolved in situ X-Ray Powder Diffractometry. The Reaction of (NH4)2SnF6 with AmmoniaThe thermal decomposition of (NH4)2SnF6 under an atmosphere of ammonia is reported. The complicated reaction paths were illucidated by time and temperature resolved in situ x-ray powder diffractometry. It is shown that this technique is a powerful tool to observe structural changes during reaction. It offers also a valuable access to thermodynamic and kinetic data for solid state and gas phase reactions. (NH4)2SnF6 decomposes under ammonia below room temperature to NH4F and amorphous SnF4 · x NH3. At a temperature of 80°C an intermediate product, (NH4)4SnF8, is formed, which decomposes at 140°C into (NH4)2SnF6 and NH4F. At 250°C (NH4)[Sn(NH3)F5] and Sn(NH3)2F4 are formed. The latter crystallises C-centered monoclinic with lattice constants a = 844.1(5) pm, b = 630.5(3) pm, c = 520.2(3) pm and b̃ = 114.02(7)°. At 330°C a further decomposition yields SnF2(NH2)2 with a C-centered monoclinic cell and lattice constants a = 1 069(7), b = 325.3(2), c = 504.8(3) pm and b̃ = 105.83(7)°. Finally above 500°C tin metal is formed.
    Notizen: Der komplizierte Verlauf der Reaktion von NH3 mit (NH4)2SnF6 wird mit der zeit- und temperaturaufgelösten Röntgendiffraktometrie verfolgt. Dabei erweist sich diese Methode als ideale Technik, um Veränderungen in der Struktur während der Reaktion aufzuzeichnen und ebenfalls thermodynamische und kinetische Daten zu gewinnen. (NH4)2SnF6 zersetzt sich schon bei 25°C unter trockenem NH3-Gas zu NH4F und einem röntgenamorphen Ammoniakat SnF4 · x NH3. Ab 80°C bildet sich (NH4)4SnF8 als Zwischenprodukt, das sich ab 140°C wieder in (NH4)2SnF6 und NH4F zersetzt. Bei 250°C entstehen NH4[Sn(NH3)F5] und Sn(NH3)2F4. Letzteres kristallisiert monoklin C-zentriert mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 844,1(5) pm, b = 630,5(3) pm, c = 520,2(3) pm und b̃ = 114,02(7)°. Ab 330°C erhält man SnF2(NH2)2. Aus dem Pulverdiffraktogramm ergibt sich eine C-zentrierte monokline Elementarzelle mit a = 1 069(7), b = 325,3(2), c = 504,8(3) pm und b̃ = 105,83(7)°. Bei noch höheren Temperaturen erfolgt die Zersetzung zu Zinn.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210419
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