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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 11194-11202 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1157-1168 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermomechanical behavior of microelectronic interconnect lines under pulsed electric excitation is studied by laser interferometry and reflectometry. An original data processing method and an analytical stationary thermoelastic model are proposed to derive data of interest. The experimental techniques allow one to measure the local transient temperature change at surface and the normal surface displacement produced by Joule heating in the interconnects under normal operating conditions. The proposed data processing method exploits the temporal behavior of the surface temperature change of the interconnects as an "identifying characteristic'' to analyze the surface displacement. It separates the thermal dilatation which follows "instantaneously'' the temperature change from the one related to the heat diffusion in the resultant normal surface displacement. After the separation operation, a stationary thermoelastic model for a metallic line bonded to a thick and rigid substrate subject to a uniform temperature change is used to interpret the transient surface displacement measurement. Consequently, the operating temperature, one of the major factors limiting the quality and reliability of the interconnects and other related parameters can be estimated in a simple way. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 792-795 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel wavelength-resolved stimulated photon echo measurements on a dye molecule in solution are presented. Data are simulated within the multimode Brownian oscillator model using the spectral density of de Boeij et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 100, 11806 (1996)] for the same solute–solvent system. For photon echo population times 〈50 fs there are considerable differences between the measured and calculated data. Aided by further simulations, we conclude that these discrepancies result from dephasing dynamics of high frequency intramolecular vibrational modes not included in the previously derived spectral density. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 19 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Untreated and bleached hair samples were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Cysteic acid and cysteine-S-thiosulphate were analysed by different data manipulations and various sampling techniques. Single-fibre analysis was achieved using the IR-microscope attachment to the FTIR instrument (transmission mode). An ATR diamond crystal was also used for both single fibres and tresses; this sampling technique was compared to a contact sample ATR cell based on a ZnSe crystal. The microscope was found to be very useful for the analysis of small portions of hair fibres; the effect of weathering along the length of the fibres and the extent of variability among the single fibres was assessed by this technique. The results clearly show a trend in the cysteic acid content increasing from the mid-point to the tip; it was found that hair samples are very heterogeneous. A standard variation of up to 11% is reported for the mean value of the intensity of absorption of cysteic acid in untreated fibres belonging to the same tress sample. The value of the variation decreases when the tress is bleached – the longer the bleaching process the lower the value of the standard variation (4.5% for hair fibres bleached for 60 min using hydrogen peroxide). The contact sample ATR cell gave poor reproducibility as only poor sample-crystal contact was achieved and the level of noise recorded was too high to allow accurate detection. However the ATR diamond crystal was found to give sensitive and reproducible spectra since much higher levels of transmittance were achieved (better sample-crystal contact); this technique allowed measurements of groups of seven to nine hair fibres at once, but did not provide reproducible spectra of single fibres. Different data manipulations have been assessed; these include derivatization and calculation of peak heights and areas (ratioed by the intensity of absorption of the peaks chosen as internal standards to the amide III 1232–1242 cm−1 and CH2 stretching 1451 cm−1), normalization, averaging spectra and spectral subtraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aesthetic plastic surgery 20 (1996), S. 135-136 
    ISSN: 1432-5241
    Keywords: Endoscopy ; Regional lipectomy ; Buttocks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the advances in endoscopic surgery, reconstructive surgeons search for applications in the field of soft tissue contouring. The improvements in endoscopic surgery in other fields are based on surgery within well-contained spaces that allow insufflation. However, minimally invasive surgery in the soft tissue planes has been limited by the relative inability to control separation of the tissue planes to allow a working space for instrumentation. This animal model shows the ability to open up and elevate any soft tissue space by means of external traction elevation and exact separation of tissue layers to allow endoscopic surgery without the need for insufflation. With the use of endoscopic equipment, the removal of fat from any area of the body becomes a much more precise art because of visualization and illumination and the ability to gain immediate hemostasis while exact contouring through removal of layers of fat can be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 100 (1999), S. 259-276 
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):11E39, 16K20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract: The involutions in this paper are algebra anti-automorphisms of period two. Involutions on endomorphism algebras of finite-dimensional vector spaces are adjoint to symmetric or skew-symmetric bilinear forms, or to hermitian forms. Analogues of the classical invariants of quadratic forms (discriminant, Clifford algebra, signature) have been defined for arbitrary central simple algebras with involution. In this paper it is shown that over certain fields these invariants are sufficient to classify involutions up to conjugation. For algebras of low degree a classification is obtained over an arbitrary field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 3127-3128 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 963-967 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 111-111 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Although we have come to expect, but not readily tolerate, teleological language in television programmes on wildlife (including those of Sir David Attenborough) and in popular scientific writing, such a style should certainly not appear in Nature. Zooplankton do not "migrate to greater ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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