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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variable incidence of hip fracture in Southern Europe: The MEDOS study (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Doubling time ; Excess female morbidity ; Gonadal function ; Hip fracture ; Incidence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We assessed the incidence of hip fracture and ecological correlates in residents of 14 communities in six countries of Southern Europe. Hip fracture cases were recorded prospectively in defined catchment areas over a 1-year interval. A retrospective questionnaire was used to assess ecological differences between communities. During a 1-year period of observation a total of 3629 men and women over the age of 50 years were identified with hip fracture from a catchment of 3 million. In all communities the fracture rate increased exponentially with age. There were large and significant differences between centres in the doubling time for hip fracture risk with age and in crude and age-standardized rates. Greater than 4-fold and 13-fold differences in age-standardized risk were found amongst men and women respectively. The lowest rates were observed from Turkey and the highest from Seville, Crete and Porto. Fractures were significantly more frequent among women than men with the exception of three rural Turkish centres. Indeed, in rural Turkey the normal female/male ratio was reserved. Variations in incidence between regions were greater than the differences within centres between sexes, and there was a close and significant correlation between incidence rates for men and those for women in the regions studied. Excess female morbidity increased progressively from the age of 50 years but attained a plateau after the age of 80 years, suggesting a finite duration of the effect of the menopause. The retrospective questionnaire completed by 80% of cases suggested that differences in incidence between the communities studied could not be explained by differences in gonadal status in women. In both men and women cross-cultural associations were found with factors related to age or socioeconomic prosperity, the majority of which disappeared after adjustment for age. We conclude that there are marked and sizeable differences in the incidence rates of hip fracture throughout Southern Europe. The reasons for these differences are not known but affect both men and women, and are likely to be related to lifestyle or genetic factors rather than to differences in endocrine status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623349
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebral osteoporosis as painted by vittore carpaccio (1465): Reflections on paleopathology of osteoporosis in pictorial art (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 321-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 1α-vitamin D3 on bone strength and composition in growing rats with and without corticosteroid treatment (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mechanics ; Bone composition ; Vitamin D3 ; Corticosteroid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 1α-vitamin D3 were studied for 6 months in 2-month-old male and female rats on a moderately low calcium diet with or without low-dose prednisolone treatment. Both cortical bone mechanical and biochemical properties were examined. Femoral bone specimens were subjected to torsional loading tests. With age, bone strength and stiffness increased in both sexes, accompanied by an increased degree of mineralization (bone ash and calcium concentrations). During growth, strength and stiffness increased more in male than in female rats. When 1α-vitamin D3 (0.5 μg/kg/day) was given alone, bone mechanical competence improved significantly whereas insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and calcium concentrations in the bone matrix were significantly reduced. Treatment with low-dose prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) alone did not influence bone mechanical properties compared with intact control rats (without prednisolone) although a significant reduction in calcium concentration and an increased phosphorus concentration were measured. A combined therapy with prednisolone and 1α-vitamin D3 significantly increased bone strength, toughness, and stiffness compared with control bones. Both mineralization degree (ash and calcium concentration) and IGF-I concentration were decreased. We conclude that (1) mechanical properties of rat cortical bones improve relatively more in males compared with agematched females during growth which is related to increased bone mass and size, (2) low-dose prednisolone treatment does not change mechanical properties in males, and altered them only nonsignificantly in females despite a change in mineralization degree in both sexes; (3) treatment with 1α-vitamin D3 results in a consistent increase in mechanical competence of the bone accompanied by a significant decrease in IGF-I concentration in the bone matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298558
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total body mineral mass measured with dual photon absorptiometry in healthy children (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 807-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Total body bone mineral content ; Total body bone mineral density ; Total body bone mineral mass ; Dual photon absorptiometry Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using dual photon absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body and the lumbar spine were assessed in 97 healthy, Caucasian children aged 3–14 years. Excellent correlations were found between BMC and BMD on the one hand and age, body height and body weight on the other. No differences were found between boys and girls. There was a strong correlation between lumbar spine measurement as compared to those of the total body. Regression equations for total body and the different parts of the skeleton were calculated with either BMC or BMD as the dependent variable, and age, body height and body weight as independent variables. High variation coefficients were obtained in these multiple regressions, except for the head. For total body BMC and total body BMD, growth charts were constructed using Tanner and Whitehouse data on body height and body height and body weight. The increase in total body mineral content is an important feature of normal growth. Normal data for BMC and BMD in childhood are essential for bone mineralistation abnormalities in paediatric patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972888
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total body mineral mass measured with dual photon absorptiometry in healthy children (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 807-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Total body bone mineral content ; Total body bone mineral density ; Total body bone mineral mass ; Dual photon absorptiometry ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Using dual photon absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body and the lumbar spine were assessed in 97 healthy, Caucasian children aged 3–14 years. Excellent correlations were found between BMC and BMD on the one hand and age, body height and body weight on the other. No differences were found between boys and girls. There was a strong correlation between lumbar spine measurement as compared to those of the total body. Regression equations for total body and the different parts of the skeleton were calculated with either BMC or BMD as the dependent variable, and age, body height and body weight as independent variables. High variation coefficients were obtained in these multiple regressions, except for the head. For total body BMC and total body BMD, growth charts were constructed using Tanner and Whitehouse data on body height and body height and body weight. Conclusions     The increase in total body mineral content is an important feature of normal growth. Normal data for BMC and BMD in childhood are essential for bone mineralistation abnormalities in paediatric patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050221
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Rheumatology in its tenth year (1991)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 10 (1991), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mediterranean osteoporosis (MEDOS) study questionnaire (1991)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 10 (1991), S. 54-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Mediterranean osteoporosis study (MEDOS) questionnaire was designed by a group of specialists in bone disease from Southern Europe (MAB Group) and the WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology of Rheumatic Conditions, assisted by experts from WHO in Geneva and from the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. The purpose of the questionnaire was to identify putative risk factors for hip fracture in a retrospective case control study applied during a prospective study of the incidence of hip fracture in 14 regions of Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208034
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative risk factors for osteoporotic fracture: A pilot study of the MEDOS questionnaire (1991)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 10 (1991), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Osteoporotic Fracture ; Questionnaire ; Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study tested selected elements of a questionnaire devised to detect risk factors for osteoporosis in a large case-control study of hip fracture. The questions were applied to two separate studies. The first utilised a hospital sample of postmenopausal women with established vertebral osteoporosis, and responses were compared to woman with primary osteoarthritis. In a second study, the questionnaire was applied to apparently healthy women participating in a study of bone density. Significant differences between patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis were observed in body mass index, the prevalence of appendicular fractures, the degree of immobilisation, the age of menarche, exposure to sunlight and indices of physical activity. Significant differences were found in bone mass in healthy women divided according to the age of menarche, parity and duration of lactation. These data identify previously established risk factors for osteoporosis and suggest that the MEDOS questionnaire will provide a powerful tool for the future assessment of risk factors in osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 282-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high dose (up to 200 mg) tolerance and efficacy study of intra-articular rimexolone (Org 6216) in rheumatoid synovitis of the knee (1994)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 13 (1994), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis ; Intra-articular Injection ; Rimexolone ; Clinical Trial ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis received one intra-articular injection of 40, 80, 120, 160 or 200 mg rimexolone (Org 6216) into one knee joint. Rimexolone was well tolerated and the incidence of side-effects was low. A beneficial effect was sustained over the study period of 94 days and a long-lasting effect was observed in 84% of the patients after one year and in 79% after 2 years. Safety parameters remained unaffected. Individual changes in adrenal response to ACTH and morning cortisol levels did not correlate with the dose or with serum levels of rimexolone. Rimexolone showed linear kinetics. The mean residence time in the intra-articular depot was 44 days (SD±53) with a median of 26 days. Ninety percent was absorbed after 4 months. Outside the intra-articular depot the mean residence time was less than 0.1 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229875
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