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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • global convergence  (3)
  • thermal decomposition  (3)
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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiphoton ionization study of water and ammonia elimination from dipeptides with pulsed rapid heating and laser desorption for sample vaporization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 116 (1992), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1176
    Keywords: dipeptides ; laser desorption ; multiphoton ionization ; pulsed rapid heating ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-1176(92)80123-I
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Zn(II) Complex with Norfloxacin in Static Air Atmosphere (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: non-isothermal kinetics ; norfloxacin ; thermal decomposition ; Zn(II) complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of Zn[NFA]2⋅5H2O (NFA=C16H18FN3O3, norfloxacin) and its kinetics were studied under non-isothermal conditions in air by TG-DTG and DTA methods. The intermediate and residue for each decomposition were identified from the TG curve. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed by means of the Achar method and the Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan (MKN) method. The possible reaction mechanisms were investigated by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for the second stage can be expressed as dα/dt=Aexp(−E/RT)(1−α).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010142928608
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Non-isothermal Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Eu2(BA)6(bipy)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 747-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: benzoic acid ; europium complex ; kinetics ; non-isothermal ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of Eu2(BA)6(bipy)2 (BA=C2H5N– 2, benzoate; bipy=C10H8N2, 2,2'-bipyridine)and its kinetics were studied under the non-isothermal condition by TG-DTG, IR and SEM methods. The kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the TG-DTG curves by the Achar method, the Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan (MKN) method, the Ozawa method and the Kissinger method. The most probable mechanism function was suggested by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for the first stage can be expressed as: dα/dt=Aexp(–E/RT)3(1–α)2/3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026785727479
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Globally Convergent Inexact Generalized Newton Method for First-Order Differentiable Optimization Problems (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 106 (2000), S. 551-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: nonsmooth optimization ; inexact Newton methods ; generalized Newton methods ; global convergence ; superlinear rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Motivated by the method of Martinez and Qi (Ref. 1), we propose in this paper a globally convergent inexact generalized Newton method to solve unconstrained optimization problems in which the objective functions have Lipschitz continuous gradient functions, but are not twice differentiable. This method is implementable, globally convergent, and produces monotonically decreasing function values. We prove that the method has locally superlinear convergence or even quadratic convergence rate under some mild conditions, which do not assume the convexity of the functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004605428858
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical activity based on macromolecular asymmetryPart XXVI of Haloaldehyde Polymers; Part XXV : E.G. Brame, A. M. Raevsky, G. K. Semin, G. D. Jaycox, and O. Vogl, Polymer Bulletin 10(11/12), 521 (1983) (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 13 (1985), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optically active isotactic polychloral was prepared in which the optical activity comes exclusively from molecular asymmetry (i.e., helical conformation). Molecular asymmetry requires a high conformational energy barrier for the polymer backbone, and an asymmetric initiator to induce a predominance of one helical screw-sense. Polychloral meets the criteria. Asymmetric initiators used to obtain optically active polychloral include tetramethyl ammonium (+)- or (-)-0-acetylmandelate, tetramethylammonium (+)- or (-)-0-methylmandelate, the lithiumalkoxides of methyl (+)- or (-)-mandelate, lithium cholesten-3β-oxide, lithium cholestan-3β-oxide, and lithium (+)- or (-)-2-octanoxide. Using the above initiators at 0.5 mol %, a maximum specific rotation of [α] D25 = 5000 was obtained for polychloral. Errors in specific rotation were typically ±7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.020131985102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaled Optimal Path Trust-Region Algorithm (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 102 (1999), S. 127-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Trust-region methods ; unconstrained optimization ; Bunch–Parlett factorization ; optimal paths ; global convergence ; local convergence rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Trust-region algorithms solve a trust-region subproblem at each iteration. Among the methods solving the subproblem, the optimal path algorithm obtains the solution to the subproblem in full-dimensional space by using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system. Although the idea is attractive, the existing optimal path method seems impractical because, in addition to factorization, it requires either the calculation of the full eigensystem of a matrix or repeated factorizations of matrices at each iteration. In this paper, we propose a scaled optimal path trust-region algorithm. The algorithm finds a solution of the subproblem in full-dimensional space by just one Bunch–Parlett factorization for symmetric matrices at each iteration and by using the resulting unit lower triangular factor to scale the variables in the problem. A scaled optimal path can then be formed easily. The algorithm has good convergence properties under commonly used conditions. Computational results for small-scale and large-scale optimization problems are presented which show that the algorithm is robust and effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021846613163
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projected quasi-Newton algorithm with trust region for constrained optimization (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 67 (1990), S. 369-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Two-sided projected Hessians ; trust regions ; differentiable penalty functions ; global convergence ; two-step Q-superlinear rate ; constrained optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In Ref. 1, Nocedal and Overton proposed a two-sided projected Hessian updating technique for equality constrained optimization problems. Although local two-step Q-superlinear rate was proved, its global convergence is not assured. In this paper, we suggest a trust-region-type, two-sided, projected quasi-Newton method, which preserves the local two-step superlinear convergence of the original algorithm and also ensures global convergence. The subproblem that we propose is as simple as the one often used when solving unconstrained optimization problems by trust-region strategies and therefore is easy to implement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940481
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of carbon dioxide laser stereolithography in epoxy-based materials (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 491-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We present in this article the use of infrared laser radiation to achieve localized curing in thermosensitive epoxy resin compounds. In stereolithography, the objective is to cure a localized region in a material by precisely confining the laser energy to the area that is to be cured. Industry already uses ultraviolet laser radiation at 352 nm to fabricate three-dimensional structures. Via infrared laser curing, we demonstrate the viability of a completely thermal localized curing process. In our experiment, we have focused the beam from a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser onto a sample composed of epoxy resin, diethylene triamine, and silica powder. Such resins typically cure, or solidify, when heated to moderately high temperatures, and our results show that we can confine the heating of the material, and, therefore, its curing in all three dimensions. We present a physical and a chemical model to describe the process and measure the curing rate as a function of temperature. In order to model the flow of heat in our sample as a result of infrared laser irradiation, we solved the time-dependent heat equation in cylindrical coordinates using the Crank-Nicholson finite-difference method. The results allow us to predict the curing behavior of the sample as a function of laser irradiation conditions, and we find good agreement with our preliminary experimental observations. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ studies of epitaxial silicon growth by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 7 (1997), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: silicon ; epitaxy ; kinetics ; dynamics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The value of in situ monitoring to study growth dynamics and surface reaction kinetics in a gas source molecular beam epitaxy process is illustrated with reference to the growth of Si films on Si(001) substrates using a beam of disilane (Si2H6). By using a combination of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), we show first how morphological (long-range order) and local electronic structure effects can be separated in the evaluation of growth dynamics. This involves the measurement of step density changes by RHEED concomitantly with the variation in domain coverage on the Si(001) (2×1)+(1×2) reconstructed surface by RAS. This approach is then extended to investigate the kinetics of hydrogen desorption, which is the rate-limiting step in Si growth from Si2H6. It is shown that over a significant temperature range, zeroth-order kinetics are obeyed and this is explained on the basis of a step-mediated desorption process. Finally we show how this influences the growth rate on substrates of differing degrees of vicinality. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-size interactions in epoxy-glass fibers composites in relation to mechanical relaxations and effects of thermal aging (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1771-1777 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was carried out to examine the effect of removing the size from the surface of glass fibers in order to determine its role with respect to thermoxidative aging. Dynamic mechanical relaxation data have revealed that mechanical losses were always greater than the calculated upper bound values. The effects of removing the size from the surface glass fibers for epoxy matrix composites were found to be completely different when a fluoroligomer was used to modify the resin. Contrary to the case of the conventional epoxy resin, the characteristics of the composites containing fluoroligomer-modified resin were found to be insensitive to the removal of the size from the glass fibers surface. The presence of the size on the surface of the fibers provides an interlayer that degrades through the formation of more lightly crosslinked products than the matrix, thereby providing a large increase in dynamic mechanical losses after thermal aging. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551307
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