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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mental task-induced strain and its after-effect assessed through variations in plasma cortisol levels
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 21 (1985), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0301-0511(85)90010-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma catecholamines and pituitary adrenal hormones related to mental task demand under quiet and noise conditions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 10 (1980), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0301-0511(80)90037-X
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct modes of melatonin secretion in normal men (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: As for many hormones, melatonin levels in the blood suggest that it is discharged from the pineal gland in a pulsatile manner. Recently, the existence of short-term episodes, superimposed on the circadian pattern of circulating melatonin, has been questioned. Because plasma melatonin levels reflect not only the secretory process, but also the effects of distribution and degradation, secretory rates were estimated from peripheral levels, using a deconvolution procedure. Fourteen healthy volunteers were studied during the night, while sleeping in the dark (2300–0700), and seven of them subsequently were used in a replicate study. Plasma melatonin levels were measured at 10-min intervals by a direct, specific radioimmunoassay. Pulse analysis was performed using the computer program ULTRA. Approximately 30% more pulses were detected on the overall secretory profiles than on plasma profiles. The pulses occurred at random intervals and were often superimposed on tonic basal secretion. Their number, amplitude, and distribution over time were variable depending on subjects. Also the mean melatonin secretory rate varied more than threefold across individuals. Despite the large interindividual variability, the subjects, who were used in replicate experiment, displayed a rather similar secretory profile. We conclude that in normal adult men, melatonin secretion undergoes two distinct secretory modes, in which episodic secretion is superimposed on tonic secretion in subject-dependent variable proportions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00151.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial oscillations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide in man (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 769-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Plasma glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; meals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles were studied in eight normal subjects, in the afternoon or in the evening. Two to five synchronous oscillations, with a mean period of 51 to 112 min were detected. The oscillations were highest after meals and were then damped, reverting to fasting levels after up to 340 min. Additional short-term oscillations, with periods of 20–30 min and 9–14 min, were observed. Cross-correlation studies of glucose and insulin and of insulin and C-peptide revealed a high correlation in the frequency bands considered. The synchronous oscillations of insulin and C-peptide suggest cyclic variations in pancreatic secretion rather than cyclic changes in insulin degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275742
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration in the temporal organisation of insulin secretion in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients under continuous enteral nutrition (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; diabetic ; ultradian rhythm ; enteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concomitant oscillations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels with a period of about 80 min between peak levels have been identified in normal man. To determine whether these oscillations persist in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, peripheral plasma levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured at 10 min intervals over 12 h in six patients and in six matched control subjects during continuous enterai nutrition (90 kcal.h−1; 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein). The insulin secretion rate was estimated from peripheral C-peptide levels using an open two-compartment model. For the control subjects, mean plasma glucose, insulin and insulin secretion profiles rose sharply and then attained a steady-state; in contrast, for the diabetic patients, the mean insulin and insulin secretion profiles were characterized by a slow ascending trend throughout the day. Mean glucose levels rose sharply and reached higher levels than in the control subjects. The individual 12 h profiles revealed synchronous oscillations of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin secretion in the control subjects. In the diabetic patients, the number of plasma insulin and insulin secretion pulses was significantly lower; they had a smaller amplitude and were less frequently associated with the glucose pulses. However, plasma glucose levels had a similar oscillatory pattern in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects, albeit with a higher absolute amplitude. The poor association between glucose and insulin secretion pulses in the diabetic patients suggests that insulin pulses are insufficient to account for the glucose pulses. Slowness in the dynamics of insulin secretion may explain the large initial rise in glucose in the diabetic patients under continuous enteral nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403183
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Head-down tilt bed rest and immune responses (2000)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 441 (2000), S. R79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Bed rest Cell subpopulations Cytokines Hormones Hypokinesia Immune system Spaceflight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) is used as a model for studying the physiological changes occurring in weightlessness during spaceflight. In the present study, eight volunteers were subjected to a strict HDT of –6° for 42 days. Blood samples were obtained 37 and 13 days before, at days 13, 34, and 41 during, and 12, 33, and 47 days after HDT. FACScan analysis was used to determine cell subpopulations. Plasma was used to quantify various circulating hormone levels. Whole blood and reconstituted blood were stimulated with various activators such as phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA), PHA combined with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), anti-CD2, anti-CD3, and lipopolysaccharide. Supernatants were collected and analysed for the interleukins IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The total number of T lymphocytes and monocytes did not change significantly, whereas the number of polymorphonuclear cells increased during HDT. The percentage of CD2+ and CD3+ cells was increased at day 35 of HDT. The percentage and total number of natural killer cells (CD2+/CD3–/CD56+) was increased 12 days before and 14 days after HDT. TNF-α secretion did not change significantly during HDT. IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased at day 34 of HDT. IL-1β levels were increased before and during HDT compared to post-HDT measurements. No significant changes were observed in plasma immunoglobulin, complement factors and other factors of the inflammatory system. Prolactin levels increased slightly but significantly at day 35 of HDT, thyreotropin and growth hormone levels remained virtually unchanged. Cortisol decreased slightly but significantly over the entire duration of the study. The changes observed during HDT do not indicate that the immune system is blunted, and these changes do not seem to correlate with the duration of HDT. Taken together these results show that a HDT does not reproduce the changes in immune responses observed after spaceflight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240000349
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in atrial natriuretic peptide in response to physical exercise (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart rate ; Muscular exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level was determined during physical exercise to investigate the correlation between changes in ANP level and heart rate increases. Six subjects exercised at a work level of 75% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} }$$ for 30 min, two also performed two successive exercises at 75% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} }$$ while two more exercised for longer at 55% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} }$$ · Plasma ANP levels and heart rate increased in all the exercising subjects. At the end of the exercise, the ANP level fell immediately, suggesting an immediate reduction in ANP secretion by the heart. Pre-exercise values were reached after 30 min. Successive exercises gave the same heart rate related ANP patterns without previous secretory episodes having any effect. These results lead to the conclusion that ANP intervenes in the cardiovascular adjustments to exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640656
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of alcohol on the hydromineral hormone responses to exercise in a warm environment (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 72 (1995), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Arginine vasopressin ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Exercise ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alcohol consumption at rest is associated with disturbed water and salt regulation reflected by changed responses in the hydromineral hormones. This study investigated the effect of alcohol on endocrine systems involved in body fluid and electrolyte regulation under conditions of physical exercise in the heat, a situation in which under normal circumstances, the hydromineral hormones are stimulated in an attempt to preserve physiological homeostasis. Eight healthy male volunteers participated in two trials, which differed only in the presence or absence of alcohol (1.2 g alcohol · kg−1 body mass) in a cocktail drink. After consuming the cocktail, the subjects exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer (45% maximal oxygen consumption) at 35°C. Compared to the control situation alcohol consumption (maximal plasma concentrations reaching about 1.08 g · l−1) produced an increase in body fluid loss (P 〈 0.05), but did not induce significant differences in plasma volume changes. Plasma volume decreased in both sessions during exercise (P 〈 0.01) and a significant rebound (P 〈 0.001) occurred during recovery. Osmolality was significantly higher (P 〈 0.001) during rest, exercise and recovery periods compared to the placebo trials, but no effect of alcohol on plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations was observed. In the alcohol test conditions, the arginine vasopressin (AVP) response to exercise was significantly dampened (P 〈 0.05). In contrast, alcohol had no effect on aldosterone or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). These results demonstrated that alcohol ingestion augmented body fluid losses due to a suppressive effect on AVP during physical exercise conducted in a warm environment. The increase in osmolality due to alcohol did not influence the aldosterone and ANP responses, which would suggest that total osmolality does not play a major role in the regulation of these hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma catecholamines and pituitary adrenal hormones in response to noise exposure (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 43 (1980), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Noise ; Plasma catecholamines ; Pituitary adrenal hormones ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the immediate effect of exposure to a high level of noise on the sympatho-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems, measurements were made of circulating catecholamines, growth hormone, ACTH, and cortisol in seven normal male subjects. They were studied on two random experimental days: a control day and a noise-exposure day with an intermittent noise alternating between 99 dB (A) and 45 dB (A) for 2 h. Analysis did not reveal any variation in the plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) or dopamine (D), measured every 20 min, which might have been related to noise exposure. Similarly, analysis of the 2-h urine samples collected from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. revealed no significant changes in urinary catecholamine excretion. Plasma levels of GH and ACTH did not differ significantly from those for control days, but cortisol showed a brief, significant levelling-off in its pattern during the exposure period. The data demonstrate that exposure to a high level of noise, although considered as “unpleasant”, does not induce any important endocrinological changes in man. These conclusions differ from those for studies on animals where reactions to noise may be related to a more general stressing situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421839
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydration during exercise (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Fluid intake ; Heart rate ; Plasma volume ; Plasma osmolarity ; Gastric emptying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five young unacclimatised subjects were exposed for 4 h at 34
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714992
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