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  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 2002  (5)
  • 1970  (1)
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  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Pemphigus is an antidesmoglein (Dsg) autoimmune disease that is divided into two major subtypes: pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). We previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using recombinant Dsg1 and Dsg3 to detect IgG autoantibodies in patients with pemphigus. The protocol for the ELISAs was optimized for serological diagnosis, but under the conditions used, these assays were not particularly useful for monitoring disease activity in certain patients. That is, the sera from some patients with high-titre antibodies continued to show high index values in the ELISA after clinical improvement. Objectives In the study reported here, we modified the ELISA protocol to obtain ‘true’ index values that exhibit a better correlation with disease activity. Methods We tested two cases of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and four cases of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), each with ELISA index values greater than 150 for Dsg1 or Dsg3. We ran an ELISA with sera from these patients serially diluted from 1 : 100 to 1 : 12,800. We then performed ELISA with a series of PV No. 1 sera diluted to 1 : 800 and PV No. 2–4 and PF No. 1–2 sera diluted to 1 : 1600, after which we plotted the ELISA index values against the time course of disease activity. Results In each of these cases, there was no apparent decline, over the course of the disease activity, in the ELISA index values at a serum dilution of 1 : 100, probably because the antigen–antibody reaction was saturated at that dilution. After running an ELISA with sera serially diluted from 1 : 100 to 1 : 12,800 we found that a linear dose-dependency between the dilution value and the index value was only observed when sera were diluted to 1 : 800 or more in one case (PV No.1) and to 1 : 1600 or more in the other five cases (PV No. 2–4, PF No. 1–2). After performing ELISA with these series as outlined above we plotted the ELISA index values against the time course of disease activity and found that the index values obtained from these appropriately diluted sera fluctuated in parallel with disease activity, and declined with clinical improvement. Conclusions These findings indicate that when appropriate dilutions are used in Dsg1 and Dsg3 ELISA, these assays can provide useful serological information for assessing disease activity in PF and PV.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal injury is controversial.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To examine the effect of the interaction between H. pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastric mucosal injury.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori were treated with indometacin at 8 mg/kg for 2 days or 7 days. Mucosal damage was assessed by macroscopic and histological examination, and myeloperoxidase activity was measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration. The expression levels of cyclo-oxygenase proteins were determined by Western blot analysis and cyclo-oxygenase activity.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:A 2-day course of indometacin did not cause an increase in gastric damage in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils compared to uninfected gerbils, while a 7-day course of indometacin caused additive gastric damage in H. pylori-infected animals. H. pylori infection induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in the stomach. Treatment with indometacin for 2 days did not significantly affect cyclo-oxygenase activity in H. pylori-infected animals, while treatment for 7 days inhibited both cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 activities. Pre-treatment with a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor aggravated mucosal injury in H. pylori-infected animals treated or not treated with indometacin for 2 days.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Our results suggest that cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein induced by H. pylori infection may be involved in the defence of the gastric mucosa against damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity may enhance non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-caused gastric damage in H. pylori-infected animals.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Helicobacter pylori eradication markedly improves histological inflammation and decreases peptic ulcer recurrence, but little is known about the subsequent development of gastric mucosal injury.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate whether acid suppression treatment after eradication influences the development of gastric erosions.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Eighty-one patients (gastritis or peptic ulcer) after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into two groups: 40 received an H2-blocker for 6 months (H2-blocker-positive) and 41 received no treatment (H2-blocker-negative). Endoscopy was performed before, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of eradication.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions in the H2-blocker-positive group was significantly lower than in the H2-blocker-negative group, 25% vs. 42%, respectively. In the H2-blocker-negative group but not the H2-blocker-positive group, the cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions after eradication was higher in patients with less severe corpus atrophy or more severe corpus gastritis.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Development of gastric erosions after H. pylori eradication may be controlled by acid suppression treatment. Less severe atrophy or more severe gastritis in oxyntic glands before eradication may be involved in the development of gastric erosions. These results support the idea that recovery of acid secretion may be one of factors for development of gastric mucosal erosions after successful eradication.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The chronic food shortage that was feared after the rapid expansion of the world population in the 1960s was averted largely by the development of a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety of rice known as IR8, the so-called rice 'green revolution'. The short stature of IR8 is due to a mutation in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 6 (1970), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On établit une relation exprimant l'évolution de la ductilité des métaux et alliages en fonction de la pression hydrostatique. Dans l'expression: $$\left( {\frac{P}{{\sigma _n }}} \right) = \tfrac{1}{2}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{locale} (P)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} - \varepsilon _{locale} (O)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} \} + \tfrac{1}{3}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{locale} (P) - \varepsilon _{locale} (O)\} + \tfrac{1}{2}\{ \varepsilon _{locale} (P)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} - \varepsilon _{locale} (O)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} \}$$ P désigne la pression hydrostatique, ɛlocale la déformation accumulée entre le debut de la striction et la rupture, σ n la contrainte de striction et dσ-/dɛ le coefficient d'écrouissage linéaire. Cette relation est établie en se basant sur un nouveau critère de la rupture ductile, à savoir la constance des tensions hydrostatiques, qui rend compte que l'évolution de la ductilité avec la pression hydrostatique obéit à une loi de puissance trois demi. L'accroissement de ductilité que l'on a observé sur des métaux et alliages de caractéristiques très diffèrentes soumis à des pressions allant jusqu'à 10.000 kg/mm2, confirme la pertinence du critère proposé. On montre également que la ductilité de certains alliages de cuivre á faible énergie de défauts d'empilement-tels que les alliages Cu-Zn et Cu-Ge-augmente an début de la mise sous pression, mais que, á partir de pressions relativement basses, à savoir 3500 à 4000 kg/cm2, l'accroissement cesse de se manifester, et la ductilité demeure sensiblement indépendante de la pression. Pour expliquer ce comportement des alliages á faible énergie d'empilement, on suggère que la rupture ductile de ces métaux résulte d'un processus où n'interviennent pas les composantes de contraintes hydrostatique, mais uniquement les contraintes de cisaillement.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Formel aufgestellt, welche den Verlauf der Verformbarkeit von Metallen und Legierungen in Abhängigkeit des hydrostatischen Druckes angebt. In der Gleichung: $$\left( {\frac{P}{{\sigma _n }}} \right) = \tfrac{1}{2}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} - \varepsilon _{local} (O)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} \} + \tfrac{1}{3}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P) - \varepsilon _{local} (O)\} + \tfrac{1}{2}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} - \varepsilon _{local} (O)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} \}$$ Bruch, σn die Einschnurungsspannung und dσ/dn den Koeffizienten der linearen Verformungshartnung. Diese Abhängigkeit wurde abgeleitet auf Grund einer neuen Kenngröße des Dehnbruchverhaltens, nähmlich der Konstanz der hydrostatischen Spannungen, welche angibt, daß der Verlauf der Dehnbarkeit mit dem hydrostatischen Druck einem Gesetz der Potenz drei halbe folgt. Der Anstieg der Verformbarkeit unter Drücken bis zu 10000 kg/cm2 welcher für zahlreiche Metalle and Legierungen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften beobachtet wurde bestätigt die Aussagekraft des vorgeschlagenen Kennwertes. Es wird ferner gezeigt, daß die Verformbarkeit verschiedenen Legierungen mit geringer Fehlbaustellenenergie-wie z.B. die Legierungen Cu-Zn and Cu-Ge-sich zuerst mit steigendem Druck erhöht, daß dann ober schon ob relative niedrigen Drucken d.h.: bei 3500–4000 kg/cm2 ein weiterer Ausbieg der Verformbarkeit nicht mehr auftritt und dieselbe annahernd konstant bleibt and dies unabhängig von dem aufgegebenen Druck. Um dieses Verhalten der Legierungen mit geringer Fehlbaustellenenergie zu erklären wird vermutet, daß der Verformungsbruch dieser Metalle durch einen Vorgang hervorgerufen wird bei dem die Komponenten der hydrostatischen Spannung nicht beteiligt sind sondern nur die Scherspannungen wirken.
    Notes: Abstract A law governing the change in the ductility of metals and alloys under pressure is given: $$\begin{gathered} \left( {\frac{P}{{\sigma _n }}} \right) = \tfrac{1}{2}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} - \varepsilon _{local} (O)^{\tfrac{3}{2}} \} + \tfrac{1}{3}\frac{1}{{\sigma _n }}\frac{{d\sigma }}{{d\varepsilon }}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P) - \varepsilon _{local} (O)\} + \hfill \\ {\text{ }} + \tfrac{1}{2}\{ \varepsilon _{local} (P)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} - \varepsilon _{local} (O)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} \} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ where P is the hydrostatic pressure, ɛlocal is the strain accumulated from the start of necking to fracture, σ n necking stress and (dσ/dɛ) the coefficient of linear work hardening. This relation is derived from a newly proposed criterion of ductile fracture, viz. “constancy of hydrostatic tensile stress”, which indicates that the change of ductility with pressure obeys a three halves power law. The observed increase in ductility of widely differing metals and alloys under pressure up to 10,000 kg/cm4 has confirmed that the proposed criterion is acceptable. It is further shown that the ductilities of some copper alloys with low stacking fault energy, such as Cu-Zn and Cu-Ge alloys, increases with pressure at the beginning but the increase stops at fairly low pressure, i.e. 3,500 ∼ 4,000 kg/cm2, and their ductilities become almost insensitive to the pressure applied. It is suggested that ductile fracture of metals with low stacking fault energy is dominated by a process which occurs not by the hydrostatic stress component but by shear stress only.
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