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  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (15)
  • 1974  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SODIUM-DEPENDENT EFFLUX AND EXCHANGE OF GABA IN SYNAPTOSOMES (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The influx and efflux of [3H]GABA were investigated in synaptosomes. Two efflux components were detected. The first, termed spontaneous efflux, was not affected by the external sodium chloride concentration. The second, termed GABA-stimulated efflux, was observed when low levels of GABA were added to the incubation medium and was found to require external sodium chloride. The rate of spontaneous efflux at 0°C was about 37 per cent of the rate at 27°C but both GABA-stimulated efflux and GABA influx were completely inhibited at 0°C. The stimulation of efflux by external GABA followed simple Michaelis–Menten kinetics with respect to external GABA. The concentration of external GABA required for half-maximal stimulation was 4·9 ± 1·4 μm and the Vmax for efflux was 1·0 ± 0·6 nmol. min-1.mg-1 of protein. A similar stimulation of efflux was observed with GABA analogue l-2,4-diamino-butyric acid which is a competitive inhibitor of influx. The concentration of external l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid required for half-maximal stimulation of efflux was 51 ± 12 μm and the Vmax for efflux was 0·8 ± 0·5 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein. Since the sodium-dependency, temperature sensitivity, and kinetic properties of the GABA-stimulated efflux system were similar to the influx system, GABA-stimulated efflux was attributed to carrier-mediated exchange diffusion. Measurement of efflux and influx in the same preparation showed there was a net efflux when total fluxes were considered and that the exchange ratio (influx to GABA-stimulated efflux) was 0·9 when carrier-mediated fluxes were considered. The effect of the temperature of the fluid used to rinse synaptosomes collected on filters in influx experiments was investigated. There was no detectable difference in measured values of influx between samples rinsed with cold fluid (0°C) and warm fluid (27°C). The endogenous GABA content of synaptosomes was found to be 20·3 ± 2·5 nmol GABA per mg of protein. From this value, the cytoplasmic concentration of GABA in synaptosomes was estimated to be a maximum of 40 mm. About 5 per cent of total cerebral cortical GABA was found in the synaptosomal fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb10750.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asquith, Bonar Law and the First Coalition (1974)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @historical journal 17 (1974), S. 813-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-246X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The debate over the reasons for the establishment of the Coalition Government in May 1915 continues to resist a conclusion despite the use of new collections of private papers. Unless the papers not so far available to researchers happen to contain an unusually convincing letter in the hand of one of the three mens responsible for the decision, this question seems well placed to defy solution indefinitely. It is the purpose of this article, therefore, to attempt a clarification of the immediate causes by taking a slightly wider perspective than is normally done. In this way one can recognize the Coalition of 1915 for what in essence it was, an attempt to avoid a ‘ Khaki Election ’ on the pattern of 1900.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X00007925
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of selected surfactants on the growth characteristics of Gymnodinium breve (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth studies of Gymnodinium breve in nutrient enriched and unenriched medium showed that anionic surfactants have the most deleterious effects on initial response, growth rate, and maximum cell numbers as compared with cationic and non-ionics. Degradation rates were determined, and the surfactant with the most favorable rate (C12 alkyl-benzene sulfonate) was further tested. The growth constant, K e , and maximum cell number, N max , decreased with increasing amount of surfactant added to G. breve cultures (enriched sea-water media); a minimum was observed at 12.5 ppb. Above this concentration the values of K e and N max increased to approach control values. This profile was ascribed to the formation of surfactant micelles that are ineffective. The surfactant produced mortality of G. breve (90% mortality versus 12% in untreated samples) in natural red-tide samples, but other algae and zooplankton were undisturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388492
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of Gymnodinium breve to municipal waste materials (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 24 (1974), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of the unarmored dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve, which is the causative organism in catastrophic fish kills along the Florida Gulf coast, to enrichment with selected inorganic nutrients, municipal waste materials, and various detergent components has been determined. The biostimulatory effects of the various enrichments were determined by a modification of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication. Inorganic nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrate, and ammonia) were added individually and in combination, and the results were compared to equivalent enrichments with the effluent from a secondary sewage-treatment plant. The maximum cell population, Nmax, attained could be increased 3-fold by the sew-age-treatment plant effluent or by the equivalent combination of inorganic nutrients; individually, however, the inorganic nutrients had no pronounced effect on maximum cell population, Nmax (except for a 30% increase produced by slight orthophosphate enrichment). The results of these studies indiccate that, at concentrations of orthophosphate typical of Florida coastal waters (ca. 0.10 ppm), the growth-promoting potential (as reflected by Nmax) of the medium was a linear function of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration (0.01 to 0.11 ppm). The sewage-treatment plant effluent was presumably low in detergent phosphate, having been obtained from a treatment plant some 6 months after the enactment of a ban on phosphate-containing detergents. Additions of orthophosphate or detergent-phosphate to the treatment-plant effluent did not significantly increase the observed biostimulatory effect of the waste material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391897
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosmogony of the asteroidal belt (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 634-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] If a rotating body has an axisymmetric dipole field and is surrounded by a plasma, and if the electrical conductivity of the body and of the plasma is infinite, the plasma will rotate with the same angular velocity ? as the body; the magnetic field lines are 'frozen-in'. This idealised model is, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250634a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turtle drift (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 351-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,?It occurs to me that the origin of the peculiar migration pattern of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas may be otherwise than suggested by Carr and Coleman1. They argued that since the early Cainozoic certain turtles have inherited a tendency to swim a particular WNW?ESE path from Brazil to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250351a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNESCO and Trieste (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 629-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,?Your leader of November 8 was critical of the line you thought the United Kingdom would be taking on the question of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, at the recent 18th General Conference of UNESCO, and attributed this probable attitude largely to Sir Harold Thompson ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252629a0
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  • 8
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    Length Constraints, Reduction Rules, and Holophrastic Processes in Children's Word Combinations (1974)
    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Memory and Language. 13:4 (1974:Aug.) 448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-596X
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:b180-1974-013-04-000010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of apomorphine and nigrostriatal lesions on aggression and striatal dopamine turnover during morphine withdrawal: Evidence for dopaminergic supersensitivity in protracted abstinence (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine Addiction ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine Receptors ; Receptor Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Abstinence ; Nigrostriatal Lesion ; Medial Forebrain Bundle Lesion ; Protracted Abstinence ; Dopamine Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reliable aggression was seen in rats which were grouped 30 days after undergoing continuous withdrawal from morphine. This withdrawal aggression, associated with long-lasting effects of morphine dependence, was blocked by morphine or lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle, but not by lesions of the median forebrain bundle. When the nigrostriatal lesioned rats were treated with a small dose of apomorphine, the aggression was reinstated. Apomorphine reduced the turnover of dopamine in the 30-day withdrawn rats at doses which were ineffective in similarly housed non-dependent rats. These results suggest that animals undergoing protracted morphine abstinence show aggression due to a latent dopaminergic supersensitivity, similar to that previously reported during acute narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421218
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acute deprivation of smoking on aggression and hostility (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 35 (1974), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoking ; Deprivation ; Aggression ; Reaction Time ; Hostility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Smokers and non-smokers were tested on the Buss aggression-machine to determine their aggression scores and visual reaction times during two sessions. The mean aggression scores of the non-smokers did not differ significantly between sessions whereas there was a significant increase in aggression scores for the chronic smokers in their non-smoking (deprivation) session compared with their smoking session, This increase in aggression in deprived smokers is discussed as a factor in the continuance of the smoking habit and is positively correlated to rated hostility scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421562
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