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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-emission of deuterium from graphite as a function of D+ flux density (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4511-4515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experiment was performed in order to determine whether a first-order or second-order mechanism governs the re-emission of deuterium molecules from graphite during D+ bombardment. The order of the release mechanism should be reflected in the dependence of the re-emission on the incident flux density. No flux density dependence was observed, indicating a first-order process, in agreement with a hydrogen transport model where the rate of molecule release is determined by a first-order process involving H diffusion within graphite crystallites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial roughness in InAs/GaSb superlattices (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3476-3478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), we have studied InAs/GaSb superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Our HRTEM observations indicate that the apparent interface width is on the order of 1 monolayer for InSb-like interfaces, and on the order of 2 monolayers for GaAs-like interfaces. The combination of these results with x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements leads us to conclude that these interface widths are principally due to roughness rather than to interfacial diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111245
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of an X-pinch plasma (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1238-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of a dynamic X-pinch plasma, formed by two or more intersecting crossed copper wires, is investigated theoretically and numerically in two dimensions to determine the behavior at the point of intersection. An X-pinch plasma for conditions corresponding to (a) pure hydrodynamic and (b) nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiation hydrodynamic simulations are considered when driven by an externally applied current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859263
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Portable Air-Minipermeameter for Rapid In Situ Field Measurements (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Measurements of air-permeability in outcrops provide a means of obtaining numerous spatially distributed measurements for statistical analysis and subsequent parameterization of ground-water flow and transport modeling. The air-minipermeameters previously used for such studies generally consist of a compressed air source, rotameters, and diaphragm gauges. We present a lightweight syringe-based air-minipermeameter (LSAMP) design that is significantly more portable than previous instruments. The prototype model is contained in a 12.7 × 15.2 × 23 centimeter (5 × 6 × 9 inch) electrical box and weighs approximately 2 kilograms. The prototype LSAMP has a sampling range of 0.5 to 200 darcys. Individual measurements in this range require less than one minute. Permeability measured with the LSAMP closely correspond to permeability measured with a traditional minipermeameter and those measured on cores. Measurement error caused by soil moisture is less than 5 percent for volumetric water contents less than 5 percent. An analysis of variance on 38 triplicate measurements indicates that the variability associated with measurement error is much less than the range of measured values. Repeated permeability measurements under field conditions on two standard cores indicate that while the measurement error is greater under field conditions, the prototype device field performance is consistent with laboratory calibration results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00640.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic considerations for scaling Z-pinch x-ray emission with atomic number (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1725-1735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two energies are identified that define the x-ray emission characteristics of Z-pinch array implosions. One, the kinetic energy per ion, is intensive, and the other, the kinetic energy per centimeter, is extensive. From a series of one-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic calculations, we have calculated the dependence of the x-ray emission from aluminum implosions above 1 keV on these energies. These calculations are carried out for a specially chosen theoretical case where the kinetic energy that is generated during implosion is converted to thermal energy and x rays during the plasma collision on axis in the absence of current. In this case, we determine the I4 to I2 transition of the scaling of emission with peak current, I, as a parametric function of the kinetic energy per ion. We also determine a functional dependence of the emission on this energy when the mass of the imploded aluminum array is held fixed. It is seen that the ability of the plasma to radiate large amounts of energy in either I4 or I2 regimes is strongly dependent on the mass loading. Finally, some arguments are presented on how the breakpoint between I4 and I2 scaling is expected to scale when the atomic number of the array load is varied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345642
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically enhanced self-sputtering of carbon (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1976-1977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New results obtained for graphite self-sputtering, in the presence of thermal atomic hydrogen, show that chemically enhanced self-sputtering (CES) can exceed unity erosion yield even at normal angles of incidence. CES yields were found to depend on the φC+/φH0 flux ratio and graphite temperature, with peak erosion occurring at about 800 K. No dependence on angles of incidence was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103984
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imploding neon puff-gas plasmas. II (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1698-1705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of atomic and radiation modeling on the dynamics and energetics of imploding neon gas-puff plasmas is investigated using a one-dimensional nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiation hydrodynamic model. Results using a simplified description of the atomic physics and radiation transport are contrasted with those from a detailed description. Two configurations are considered: an imploding hollow cylindrical gas puff, both with and without a low density central core plasma. It is found that, in both cases, the expanded atomic model simulations predict a larger fraction of the total energy lost to radiation; the radiative efficiency is greater both because of the enhanced L-shell structure and because of greater compressions obtained as a consequence of the enhanced cooling. For each case, the energy history of the implosion and representative emission spectra are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859442
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of a laterally variable lower mantle structure from P- and S-waves (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 102 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Examples of Gräfenberg-array data showing anomalous P-waves which typically arrive 3–5 s after the direct P-wave and which have a slowness 0.7–0,8 s deg-1 smaller than direct P are presented. This additional phase is most frequently observed for events located in the NE portion of the southern Kurile Island subduction zone 73°-80° from Gräfenberg, but systematically disappears for events in the SW portion of this zone.Because of the magnitude of the slowness difference, these observations cannot be attributed to a complex source rupture process nor to multipathing through the descending slab. Likewise, they may not be accounted for by near-receiver structure because these phases are not seen for all Kurile events. If present they appear at all stations of the array but they follow direct P too closely to be a multiple from the Mono. Therefore, we conclude they are very likely caused by lower mantle velocity structure.The most likely explanation is the presence of a P velocity jump of about 3 per cent approximately 290km above the core-mantle boundary, since such a reflector in the lowermost mantle not only gives a good fit of traveltimes and slowness but is also able to model the waveform and the amplitudes of this additional P phase. the distribution of bounce points on this reflector for the Kurile events indicates a lateral extension of this velocity anomaly under northern Siberia of about 150 km by at least 200 km. the best fitting S-wave model has a reflector in the same depth, but the velocity contrast seems to be only about 2 per cent suggesting a different behaviour of the P and S velocity in D″.Few events from other regions in this distance range are suitable for a definitive analysis of this kind. From among this group some observations indicate a lower mantle anomaly under the Lomonosow Ridge and under northern Greenland; but since the lower mantle under western Siberia, northern Novaya Zemlya, the Azores Islands region and the USSR-Afghanistan border region does not produce an additional phase in the Gräfenberg recordings it is very unlikely that such a velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle is a global feature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00544.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faecal enzymes: in vivo human skin irritation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 30 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Digestive enzymes in faeces have been reported to posses skin irritation potential. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo irritant potentials of faecal concentrations of proteolytic and lipolytic digestive enzymes in bile salt mixtures. In a 21-day cumulative irritation assay, clinical evaluation and noninvasive bioengineering techniques were used. 5 days occlusive exposure to phosphate buffer (pH = 8) caused no visual skin damage but reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated significant vasodilation (p 〈 0.01) and increases in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH were also observed (p 〈 0.01). These increases were still present at days 12 and 19. Occlusive exposure to physiologic concentrations of faecal enzymes resulted in significant visual and objective scores at day 5, 12, and 19, with increased readings as a function of exposure time (p 〈 0.01). The enzyme mixture containing lipase caused delayed onset of skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption compared to elastase and chymotrypsin containing solutions. Prolonged occlusive exposure to digestive enzymes in faecal concentrations caused severe skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption in a human model, suggesting a possible etiologic role of digestive enzymes in perianal, circumstomal or diaper dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00696.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Extraction of Lycopene and β-Carotene from Reconstituted Tomato Paste and Pink Grapefruit Homogenates (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples were extracted in Erlenmeyer flasks with hexane-ethanol-acetone (50:25:25). After extraction, 15 mL of water were added to separate the solution into polar and nonpolar layers. Lycopene was concentrated in the upper nonpolar phase while other components and polar pigments were contained in the lower polar phase. The lycopene phase was analyzed using isocratic HPLC with a C-18 column and methanol-THF-water (67:27:6) mobile phase. Lycopene and (β-caro-tene eluted as chromatographically pure peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb03958.x
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