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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of internal magnetic field pitch using Li pellet injection on TFTR (invited) : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2908-2913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A diagnostic technique which measures the direction of the internal magnetic field pitch angle has been used successfully on TFTR. The technique requires the injection of high-speed Li pellets. The magnetic field direction is measured by observing the polarization direction of the intense visible line emission from Li+ (λ≈5485 A(ring), 1s2p 3P0,1,2→1s2s 3S0) in the pellet ablation cloud. The presence of the large (primarily toroidal) magnetic field causes the line to be split due to the Zeeman effect, and the unshifted π component is polarized with its polarization direction parallel to the local magnetic field. In devices with sufficiently strong fields (B(approximately-greater-than)4.5 T), the Zeeman splitting of the line is large enough, relative to the linewidth of each Zeeman component, that enough residual polarization remains. Because the pellet moves about 1 cm before the Li+ is ionized (τionization(approximately-less-than)10 μs), the time history of the polarization direction (as the pellet penetrates from the outside toward the plasma center) yields the local magnetic field direction. In the TFTR experiment, spatial resolution of the measurement is typically ∼7 cm, limited by the requirement that a large number of photons must be collected in order to make the measurement of the polarization angle. Typically, the pitch of the field is measured with an accuracy of ±0.01 rad, limited by the photon statistics. The measurements of the internal field pitch angle, combined with external magnetic measurements, have been used in a code which finds the solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation, yielding the equilibrium which is the best fit to the measured inputs. The q profile constructed from this equilibrium is believed to be accurate to ∼±10% over the region where there are internal magnetic measurements. Internal field measurements and equilibrium reconstructions have been performed for a variety of TFTR discharges, including 1.6 MA ohmic plasmas where the internal field is measured at the beginning of the current flat top (before the onset of sawteeth) and 2 s into the flat top (with sawteeth), and in extremely high βp(Ip=0.3 MA, βp≈4.5) discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141775
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Destruction of Listeria monocytogenes in a Meat Slurry and in Ground Beef (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal destruction of Listeria monocytogenes cells was determined in phosphate buffer, a meat slurry (20% ground beef/80% water) and in ground beef. D-values at 60°C, 65°C and 70°C in phosphate buffer, and in the meat slurry were 0.63, 0.29 and 0.15, and 2.54, 0.75 and 0.23 min, respectively. Heating of ground beef (80% lean) in a 75°C water bath to 50°C, 60°C or 65°C required 6.2, 8.4 and 10.6 min, respectively, and resulted in 0.2-0.9, 1.6-3.4 and 4.4-6.1 log reductions in L. monocytogenes cells, from the initial inoculation level of 8.08 log CFU/g. Viable cells were also detected after cold (21 days) or selective enrichment (24 hr) in eight out of nine samples of ground beef inoculated with 7.84-8.08 log CFU/g and cooked to 70°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06754.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1990)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 162-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719714
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemolymph juvenile hormone titers and growth of terminal oocytes throughout the first gonadotrophic cycle inAiolopus thalassinus (1990)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 194-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131169
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verletzungen der Schädelbasiscondylen bei tödlichen Straßenverkehrsunfällen (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 103 (1990), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Fractures of the occipital condyles ; Traffic fatalities ; Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen bei Verkehrsunfällen ; Derkehrsunfall, Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter 600 tödlichen Verkehrsunfällen beobachteten wir Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen bei 10 Zweiradfahrern, 12 Pkw-Fahrern und 3 Fußgängern. Die Kollisionsgeschwindigkeiten lagen meistens zwischen 70–100 km/h. In 18 Fällen mit direktem Kopfanstoß lag die schwerere Verletzung häufig auf der Gegenseite, beim indirekten Seitenanstoß (Schleudertrauma) auf der gleichen Seite. Häufigste Bruchformen waren 12mal horizontale Abtrennungen und 4mal Innenkantenabbrüche. 9mal waren die Condylenverletzungen einseitig, 16mal beidseitig lokalisiert.
    Notes: Summary Among 600 deads of traffic accidents we found injuries of the occipital condyles in 10 cyclists, 12 car drivers and 3 pedestrians. In most cases the collision speed ranged from 70 to 100 km/h. In 18 cases of direct head impact the more severe injury was on the opposite side, in 4 cases of indirect side impact (whiplash injury) on the same side. Most types of fractures were 12 horizontal disconnections and 4 fractures of the inner edges. In 9 cases the condyle fractures were on one side, in 16 cases on both sides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209158
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verletzungen der Schädelbasiscondylen bei tödlichen Straßenverkehrsunfällen (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 103 (1990), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Fractures of the occipital condyles ; Traffic fatalities ; Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen bei Verkehrsunfällen ; Verkehrsunfall, Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter 600 tödlichen Verkehrsunfällen beobachteten wir Schädelbasiscondylenverletzungen bei 10 Zweiradfahrern, 12 Pkw-Fahrern und 3 Fußgängern. Die Kollisionsgeschwindigkeiten lagen meistens zwischen 70–100 km/h. In 18 Fällen mit direktem Kopfanstoß lag die schwerere Verletzung häufig auf der Gegenseite, beim indirekten Seitenanstoß (Schleudertrauma) auf der gleichen Seite. Häufigste Bruchformen waren 12mal horizontale Abtrennungen und 4mal Innenkantenabbrüche. 9mal waren die Condylenverletzungen einseitig, 16mal beidseitig lokalisiert.
    Notes: Summary Among 600 deads of traffic accidents we found injuries of the occipital condyles in 10 cyclists, 12 car drivers and 3 pedestrians. In most cases the collision speed ranged from 70 to 100 km/h. In 18 cases of direct head impact the more severe injury was on the opposite side, in 4 cases of indirect side impact (whiplash injury) on the same side. Most types of fractures were 12 horizontal disconnections and 4 fractures of the inner edges. In 9 cases the condyle fractures were on one side, in 16 cases on both sides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiration und mitochondrienverteilung im fettkoerper woehrend der kastendifferenzierung vonFormica polyctena (Foerster) (1990)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 37 (1990), S. 294-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The respiration of both castes ofFormica polyctena (Foerster) during the larval development was investigated manometrically. The distribution of mitochondria and their structure in the fat body cells were measured simultaneously by electron-microscopy to ascertain if caste-specific differences of the intensity of respiration were recognizable by the content of mitochondria. The following results were obtained: At 20°C larvae of sexuals weighing 1 to 5 mg per individual consumed 860–910 μl O2/g/h, which was double the oxygen amount used by larvae of workers weighing up to 1.5 mg per individual. At the end of the larval development this difference disappeared, with values stabilizing at 410–420 μl O2/g/h. The volume density of mitochondria in 8 mg-sexual larvae was 12.2%, and in 60 mg-larvae or 1.9 mg — and 12.5 mg — worker larvae only 8.2–8.6% of the cytoplasm (without nucleus). The numeric density of the mitochondria was calculated as 840 per mm3 in larvae of 8 mg-sexuals, and in those of 60 mg or in 1.9 mg — and 12,5 mg — worker larvae only as 570–625 per mm3. No caste-specific and stage-dependent differences could be found in the size and microstructure of the mitochondria. An increased respiration was associated with a higher numeric and volume density of the mitochondria.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Atmung wurde während der Larvalentwicklung beider Kasten vonFormica polyctena (Foerster) manometrisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde nach elektronenoptischer Präparation die Mitochondrienverteilung und Mitochondrienstruktur in Fettkörperzellen ermittelt, um festzustellen, ob kastenspezifische Unterschiede in der Atmungsintensität auch im Mitochondriengehalt zu erkennen sind. Folgende Resultate wurden erhalten: Geschlechtstierlarven von 1–5 mg/Tier verbrauchten mit 860–910 μl O2/g/h bei 24°C mehr als doppelt so viel Sauerstoff wie Arbeiterinlarven bis 1,5 mg/Tier. Am Ende der Larvalentwicklung war dieser Unterschied bei 410–420 μl O2/g/h ausgeglichen. Die CO2-Abgabe verhielt sich ähnlich. Die Volumendichte der Mitochondrien betrug bei 8 mg-Geschlechtstierlarven 12,2%, bei solchen von 60 mg sowie Arbeiterinlarven von 1,9 mg und 12,5 mg nur 8-2-8,6% des Cytoplasmas (ohne Kern). Die numerische Dichte der Mitochondrien betrug bei 8 mg-Geschlechtstierlarven 840/mm3, bei solchen von 60 mg sowie Arbeiterinlarven von 1,9 mg und 12,5 mg nur 570–625/mm3. In der Größe und Feinstruktur der Mitochondrien konnten keine kastenspezifischen und stadiumabhängigen Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Eine erhöhte Atmungstätigkeit war verbunden mit höherer numerischer und Volumendichte der Mitochondrien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02225994
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von CrSO4 · 3 H2O (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 586 (1990), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of CrSO4 · 3 H2OEvaporating a solution of Cr2+ in dilute sulphuric acid at 70°C light blue crystals of CrSO4 · 3 H2O were grown. Its x-ray powder diffraction pattern is quite similar to that of CuSO4 · 3 H2O. The crystal structure refinement of CrSO4 · 3 H2O (space group Ce, a = 5.7056(8) Å, b = 13.211(2) Å, c = 7.485(1) Å, β = 96.73(1)°, Z = 4) from single crystal data, using the parameters of the copper compound as starting values, results in a final R-value of R = 3.8%.The surrounding of the Cr2+ ion can be described as a strongly elongated octahedron. The basal plane of the CrO6-octahedron consists of three hydrate oxygen atoms and one sulphate oxygen atom. The two more distant axial oxygen atoms also belong to sulphate groups. Thus they are forming chains of alterning CrO6-octahedra and SO4-tetrahedra along [110] and [1-10] linked via common corners. These chains are connected via sulphate groups and by bridging hydrogen bonds to a 3-dimensional network.
    Notes: Durch Kristallisieren aus einer schwefelsauren Lösung von Chrom(II)-Sulfat (T ≈ 70°C) ist das hellblaue Trihydrat CrSO4 · 3 H2O erhältlich. Die Verbindung ist isotyp zu CuSO4 · 3 H2O. Die Strukturverfeinerung anhand von Einkristalldaten erfolgte in der Raumgruppe Cc mit a = 5,7056(8) Å, b = 13,211(2) Å, c = 7,485(1) Å, β = 96,73(1)°, Z = 4 und konvergierte bei R = 3,8%.Cr2+ ist verzerrt oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Basisfläche des Oktaeders wird von drei Hydratsauerstoffatomen und einem Sulfatsauerstoffatom aufgespannt. Zwei weitere Sauerstoffatome von Sulfatgruppen vervollständigen in einem größeren Abstand die elongierten Oktaeder. Diese sind untereinander über gemeinsame Sulfatpolyeder verknüpft. Dadurch ergeben sich Ketten, in denen CrO6-Oktaeder und SO4-Tetraeder abwechseln. Diese Ketten, deren Orientierung jeweils [110] und [1-10] in c-Richtung wechselt, sind über Sulfatgruppen und Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen miteinander verbunden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905860119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von CrSO4 · 3 H2O (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 580 (1990), S. 224-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905800127
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