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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of interface traps in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices during isochronal annealing after irradiation at 78 K (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 7434-7442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the mechanisms of interface trap (Nit) formation in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices during isochronal annealing after irradiation at 78 K. Two distinct Nit formation processes are observed at 120 and 250 K. After irradiation but before annealing, some samples were injected with electrons to remove all the radiation-induced positive oxide charges. In these samples, the Nit formation process at 250 K is nearly eliminated, in agreement with previous reports, but the lower-temperature 120 K process increases substantially. Results are explained using a hydrogen model. We also discuss the use of substrate hot-electron injection, which is used to annihilate the radiation-induced positive charge, in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349739
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration profiles of a colloidal mixture near a charged wall (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 2006-2011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of a model two-component colloidal mixture in the vicinity of a charged wall is studied in the framework of the Derjaguin–Landau–Verweg–Overbeek potential and the hypernetted-chain approximation for the particle–particle and wall–particle direct correlation functions as the closure for the bulk and wall–particle Ornstein–Zernike equations. It is found that for strongly repulsive walls the structure of the inhomogeneous mixture near the wall only depends on the bulk parameters. For neutral and attractive walls, a monolayer of colloidal particles adjacent to the wall is formed. Depending on the charge asymmetry between the two colloidal species, the composition of this monolayer indicates a preferential electrostatic adsorption of the more highly charged species. For large charge asymmetry between the two species, a distinct segregation effect is predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding colloidal charge renormalization from surface chemistry: Experiment and theory (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 9924-9936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we report on the charging behavior of latex particles in aqueous suspensions. We use static light scattering and acid–base titrations as complementary techniques to observe both effective and bare particle charges. Acid–base titrations at various ionic strengths provide the pH dependent charging curves. The surface chemical parameters (dissociation constant of the acidic carboxylic groups, total density of ionizable sites and Stern capacitance) are determined from fits of a Stern layer model to the titration data. We find strong evidence that the dissociation of protons is the only specific adsorption process. Effective particle charges are determined by fits of integral equation calculations of the polydisperse static structure factor to the static light scattering data. A generalization of the Poisson–Boltzmann cell model including the dissociation of the acidic surface groups and the autodissociation of water is used to predict effective particle charges from the surface chemical parameters determined by the titration experiments. We find that the light scattering data are best described by a model where a small fraction of the ionizable surface sites are sulfate groups which are completely dissociated at moderate pH. These effective charges are comparable to the predictions by a basic cell model where charge regulation is absent. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467894
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction rate determinations of vinyl radical reactions with vinyl, methyl, and hydrogen atoms (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 3218-3224 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100161a047
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of modes in dynamic scattering from ternary polymer mixtures and interdiffusion (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4408-4422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a025
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precision measurement of two iodine lines at 585 nm and 549 nm (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 348 (1994), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 06.20.Hq ; 42.50.Wm ; 29.20.Dh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transition frequencies of thei-component of the R(99)15-1 and thew-component of the R(85)26-0 transition in the B-X system of molecular127I2 have been determined with an overall relative standard uncertainty of 1.3 · 10−10. For this purpose a commercial linear dye laser has been modified and stabilized to the corresponding iodine line. This dye laser serves as a transportable frequency standard which is compared with the wavelength standards of the PTB. The evaluation of an experiment for testing special relativity at the test storage ring (TSR) in Heidelberg is based on the precision of the reported interferometric wavelength comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01289603
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on antibodies to nucleoli and 5-hydroxytryptamine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome ; Fibromyalgia syndrome ; Anti-serotonin antibodies ; Anti-ganglioside antibodies ; Anti-phospholipid antibodies ; Anti-nucleolar antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been related to intake of “contaminated” L-tryptophan, and an alteration in tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) metabolism has been reported in EMS patients. Recently we found that a defined autoantibody pattern consisting of antibodies to nucleoli, gangliosides, and phospholipids is closely related to the fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) which clinically resembles the EMS. We were therefore interested to see whether these antibodies can also be detected in patients with EMS. Studied were 27 patients with acute EMS (13 of whom were also examined 2 years after acute onset), 100 patients with FS, and 40 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). As controls, sera from 100 blood donors were analyzed. Antibodies to nucleoli were demonstrated by immunofluorescence test on cell cultures in 52% of patients with acute EMS, 62% of patients with chronic EMS, and 37% of FS patients. Western blotting with a nuclear extract from HeLa cells revealed in both diseases the same epitopes at 63, 57, and 53 kDa. Antibodies to 5-HT, gangliosides (Gm1), and phospholipids were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among patients with FS 73% had antibodies to 5-HT, in contrast to only 19% of patients with acute EMS. However, 77% of the 13 EMS patients analyzed 2 years later had become anti-5-HT antibody positive during that time. Also the incidence of antibodies to Gm1 increased from 37% at acute onset to 69% in patients with chronic EMS (30%). The various antibodies were detected in only 18% of healthy controls. Serum 5-HT levels were decreased in patients with acute EMS compared to those with chronic EMS or FS. In patients with PSS they were significantly increased. It is concluded that EMS may have been developed in patients with FS who may have reacted in an allergic manner to a more immunogenic (“contaminated”) L-tryptophan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207485
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A test of special relativity with stored lithium ions (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 03.30.+p ; 29.20Dh ; 42.50.Wm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser spectroscopy at the heavy ion storage ring TSR in Heidelberg allows for precision experiments testing the limits of the special theory of relativity. With an opticalΛ-type three-level system of7Li+ the Doppler shift has been measured by saturation spectroscopy as a test of the time dilatation factor γ = (1 −β 2)−1/2 at an ion velocity ofυ = 6.4% c. A precision ofΔν/ν 〈 9 × 10−9 has been obtained, which sets a second-order limit of 1.1 × 10−6 for any deviation from the time dilatation factor. The fourth-order limit of this deviation is set below 2.7 × 10−4 by the present experiment. These limits are given at a 1 σ confidence level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081163
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and sedimentation velocity in charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 963-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Colloids ; Statistical theories of liquid structure ; Time-dependent properties ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Charge-stabilized suspensions are characterized by the strong electrostatic interactions between the particles so that rather dilute systems may exhibit strong correlation resulting in a well-developed short-range order. This microstructure, quantitatively described by the pair distribution functiong(r), is rather different from that of (uncharged) hard spheres. It is shown how this difference affects the «hydrodynamic function»H(k), which appears in the expression for the first cumulant Γ(k)=k 2 D eff(k)=k 2 H(k)/S(k) of the dynamic autocorrelation function. Without hydrodynamic interaction,H(k)=D 0, which is the free-diffusion coefficient. Using pairwise additive hydrodynamic interaction and the lowest-order many-body theory of hydrodynamic interaction, it is found thatH(k) can deviate considerably fromD 0 even for systems of volume fractions ϕ as low as 10−3. These effects are more pronounced for collective diffusion than for self-diffusion. SinceH(k=0) is closely related to the sedimentation velocity, we have studied this quantity as a function of volume fraction. It is found that (H(0)/D 0) −1 scales asφ 1/3 at low ϕ in salt-free suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458782
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 5′ insulin gene polymorphism and the genetics of vascular complications in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 680-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; diabetic nephropathy ; 5′ insulin gene polymorphism ; heredity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent data suggest genetic contributions to the microvascular complications of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Most research has focused on the HLA region, and the potential role of other genetic loci has not been adequately explored. We examined the possible relationship between DNA polymorphisms in the region 5′ to the insulin gene on chromosome 11 and diabetic nephropathy. This was done by comparison of those diabetic patients homozygous for class 1 alleles at the 5′ insulin gene polymorphism locus to 1/3 heterozygotes in a well-characterized series of 324 insulin-requiring diabetic patients from the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Proteinuria (defined as ≥0.3 g protein/l urine), was used as suggestive evidence for diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension, a frequent associated finding in diabetic patients with nephropathy, was defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90 or a history of previous treatment of hypertension. The two genotypically defined groups did not differ from each other in regard to sex ratio, age at diagnosis, age at examination, duration of diabetes, body mass, HbAlc or C-peptide. The 1/1 group had a higher prevalence of proteinuria, 29% as compared to 16.2 % in other genotypes (p〈0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of hypertension between the two genotypic groups. This finding suggests that the 5′ insulin gene polymorphism may be associated with risk for nephropathy, but the pathophysiologic mechanism remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400999
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