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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential deposition growth of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems observed using in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 654-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal growth mechanism in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films has been revealed by sequential deposition with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) oxygen plasma using in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) observation. A series of RHEED patterns presents clear evidence that the unit cell of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O structure is completed as the Bi layers have sandwiched Sr, Ca, and Cu layers. This crystalline process is not an atomic layer by atomic layer growth but a "unit cell by unit cell'' growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extreme ultraviolet radiation source for the simulation of the ionosphere (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1721-1726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source for space simulation of plasma and other related phenomena in the laboratory has been developed. A total of forty-eight small EUV lamps are put together to give a radiation diameter of more than 30 cm. The intensity of this lamp at the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line is more than twenty five times stronger than sunlight at the same wavelength and at a distance of about 30 cm from the source. The source is capable of emitting EUV radiations from 110 nm to the longer wavelengths, either continuously or in pulses, and has been used to produce a plasma of 105 els/cm3 when the pressure of NO gas in the chamber was 10−4 Torr. Since this plasma is extremely calm and fairly Maxwellian, it can be used to study the electron collection mechanism of a probe in a collision dominant medium. The source was also utilized to study the interaction between vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules and thermal electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phorbol Myristate Acetate Corrects Impaired NK Function of Old Mice (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies indicated that natural killer (NK) activity in mice declined with age. In this report, we investigated the basis for the decreased activity of NK cells in older mice. Our results demonstrated that phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)–an activator of protein kinase C(PKC)– corrects the impaired NK function of older animals. The per cent increase of NK activity post treatment with PMA is 226 261 % at effector: target (E:T) ratio= 100:1 compared with control untreated cells. The effect of PMA was shown lo be dose dependent. A maximum increase in NK activity was achieved at approximately 10–15 nm PMA. Treatment with PMA does not result in increased binding of NK cells to YAC-1 targets as demonstrated by single-cell assay, in addition, treatment of young NK cells with l-(5–isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2–methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7). a very potent PKC inhibitor, significantly suppressed NK activity (65% of control). Therefore, we conclude that the age-related decline in murine NK activity may reside in the early signalling events leading to triggering of PKC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01562.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superoxide dismutase in psoriasis, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell epithelioma: an immunohistochemical study (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 124 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies against human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD were used to stain frozen sections of normal and abnormal human skin. In normal human epidermis, the Cu, Zn-SOD antibody almost exclusively stained the basal cells. Mn-SOD antibody weakly stained the whole of the epidermis but more predominantly the basal cell layer. In psoriasis, Cu, Zn-SOD antibody mainly stained the basal cells of the lowest parts of the elongated rete ridges. Basal cells corresponding to the tip of the dermal papillae were weakly stained. Mn-SOD staining was considerably decreased in the psoriatic epidermis. In squamous cell carcinoma, staining with both Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD antibodies was decreased, and single cells positive for Cu, Zn-SOD were scattered throughout the tumour nests. In basal cell epithelioma, Cu, Zn-SOD staining was intense and diffusely distributed throughout the tumour nests, while Mn-SOD staining was absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb04950.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete Association of CD3 and CD4 Molecules in T-Cell Stimulation Acting Through the Autologous Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction and the CD3/T-CelI Receptor Complex in Human Autoreactive T-Cell Clones (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 33 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate autologous antigen recognition, we developed two autoreactive CD4+ T-cell clones. A2 and A10, maintained with non-T cells and IL-2. Autologous non-T-cell stimulation of the T-cell clones resulted in a decrease in cell surface expression of CD4, whereas the expression of CD2, CD3, and WT31 was unchanged. Activation of the autoreactive T-cell clones by cell surface binding anti-CD3 MoAb, as a specific antigen stimulator of the T-cell receptor complex, induced cell surface antigen comodulation of CD3, CD4, and WT31. These data suggest a discrete association of CD3 and CD4 molecules in T-cell stimulation, acting through the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and the CD3/T-cell receptor complex. PMA treatment resulted in concomitant down-regulation of CD3 and CD4 but calcium ionophore treatment did not. Thus, it appears that phosphorilation of CD3 leads to the down-regulation of surface antigens of CD4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb03744.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA ploidy pattern of flat adenomas of the large bowel (1991)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 696-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Flat adenoma ; Colonic arcinoma ; DNA pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clarify the nature of “flat adenomas,” DNA content was measured by means of microspectrophotometry. Thirty-nine flat adenomas (FA), 13 with mild, 22 with moderate, and 4 with severe atypia, were collected for this study. In FA, diploidy (D), polyploidy (P), and aneuploidy (A) were found 100, 0, and 0 percent in mild atypia, 41.9, 4.5, and 54.5 percent in moderate atypia, and 0, 0, and 100 percent in severe atypia, respectively. It is assumed that FA have a much higher malignancy potential than previously expected since, histologically, benign-appearing FA with moderate atypia have already contained malignant DNA patterns. In particular, those more than 5 mm in diameter show aneuploidy in 80 percent. These data suggest that FA with moderate atypia play an important role in the pathogenesis of small colonic carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050353
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of silicate on the membrane-type chlor-alkali cell (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 781-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of silicate in the electrolyte solution in a chlor-alkali cell on a fluorocarbon ionomer, Nafion® 901, was studied. Calcium silicate precipitated and damaged the membrane during electrolysis when the anolyte and/or the catholyte was contaminated with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The service lifetime of the membrane was thus shortened greatly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402814
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unique pattern of astrocytosis in the primary motor area in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 456-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Primary motor area ; Betz cell ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the primary motor area (PMA, Brodmann area 4) from 23 cases of adult-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with immunocytochemistry using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. There was astrocytosis in the middle of the pyramidal cell layer in all cases except for one that did not present any upper motor neuron signs clinically. The astrocytosis was characterized by multiple clusters of astrocytes, some of which showed a close association with macrophages. In about a half of the cases, these multiple clusters of astrocytes became confluent and presented as a laminar astrocytosis in the middle of the pyramidal cell layer. Our studies demonstrate a unique pattern of astrocytosis in the PMA in ALS. This pattern of astrocytosis may be useful not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for a better understanding of the pathological process involving the PMA in ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293379
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 408-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Werdnig-Hoffmann disease ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal alterations in two cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (WH) were investigated immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. Ballooned neurons (BNs) were found in anterior horn, Clarke's column, dorsal root ganglion and thalamus. Anti-phosphorylated neurofilament antibodies preferentially stained the peripheral perikarya and proximal neuronal processes of BNs, whereas anti-ubiquitin antibodies preferentially stained the central perikarya of BNs. Ultrastructurally, BNs showed degenerative changes ranging from a diffuse increase of neurofilaments to a centrally accentuated accumulation of mitochondria and vesicular or membranous profiles. Our studies suggest that ubiquitinated degradation products accumulate in the center of the BN's perikaryon and displace aberrantly phosphorylated neurofilaments to the periphery. BNs in WH probably reflect an intrinsic alteration in the metabolism of neurofilaments that is associated with regressive changes in the neuron and eventually neuronal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293462
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onion bulb formation in the initial complex of neurons in human dorsal root ganglion: their significance and alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 462-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dorsal root ganglion ; Onion bulbs ; Initial segment ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Friedreich's ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have demonstrated onion bulb-like structures in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These onion bulbs morphologically consist of non-continuous layers of supporting-cell cytoplasms that encase thinly myelinated axons and are immunocytochemically recognized by anti-S-100 protein and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. These structures are present in normal controls and preferentially involve the initial complex of the large, light, neurofilament-rich neurons. The number of onion bulbs and their average number of lamellae reach a peak in the third decade and then decline. In three cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the onion bulbs involve non-myelinated axons as well as the thinly myelinated portion of the initial complex and are increased both in frequency and in average number of lamellae. Our studies suggest that these onion bulbs represent a normal biological process or DRG neurons that may be accentuated in ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293380
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