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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 5. Herbage production, quality and intake in years 4–6 (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Herbage characteristics were studied over years 4–6 (1988–90) in three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties as grass-only (200 kg N ha-1) and grass/clover (Trifolium repens L.) swards which received 75kg N ha-1 in 1988 and 0kg N ha-1 in 1989 and 1990 when continuously stocked with sheep. Mean total annual herbage production of Aurora, a very early flowering variety, was 11% more than that of late-flowering Aberystwyth S23 due to 21% higher growth as grass/clover pasture. The grass/clover sward of Meltra, a tetraploid late-flowering variety, out-yielded S23/clover by 17%. Herbage production of grass/clover was 86% of that of grass only in 1988 but only 54% of the grass-only swards averaged for 1989 and 1990. In vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Meltra was 38g kg-1 OM and 27g kg-1 OM higher than that of S23 and Aurora respectively. OMD of grass/clover was 15g kg-1 OM higher than that of grass only during the post-weaning period. Herbage intake was positively correlated with OMD of herbage.The herbage attributes were related to lamb performance reported previously. Lamb output was positively correlated with intake of digestible organic matter.Differences between the three varieties in herbage characteristics were greater as grass/clover than as grass-only swards, reflecting their compatibility with white clover. In this respect Meltra was the best and S23 the poorest variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01854.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated emission pumping studies of energy transfer in highly vibrationally excited molecules (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 3944-3955 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100118a005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urodynamic evaluation of urethral opening area in females with stress incontinence (1993)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 4 (1993), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Urethral compliance ; Urethral modeling ; Urinary diagnostics ; Urodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Urodynamic evaluation has been helpful in the diagnosis of stress incontinence in female patients. We evaluated two new parameters using standard urodynamic measures that were recorded during micturition. These two parameters were obtained by fitting a classic fluid dynamic equation for flow through short rigid tubes to published data of voiding, videourodynamics. This formula, an area equivalent factor female (AEFf) indicates urethral cross-sectional opening area based on bladder pressure and flow measures. The first parameter, maximal urethral opening or maximal AEFf, was observed at maximal flow, and this value further divided by the detrusor pressure determined the second parameter, the urethral total compliance. A preliminary retrospective study was conducted using detrusor pressure and urine flow data from stress incontinent (n=14) and continent (n=5) female patients. There was a trend toward greater maximal urethral opening at 14.2±5.9 mm2 in the stress incontinent group compared to the continent group, 9.2±2.9 mm2 (p=0.09). The stress incontinent group also showed a strong trend (p=0.09) toward greater total compliance values of 0.78±0.5 mm2/ cmH2O, compared to 0.35±0.2 mm2/cmH2O in the continent group. These parameters may have potential in the evaluation and understanding of stress incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387381
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration following cardio-pulmonary bypass (1993)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 290-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute renal failure ; Cardio-pulmonary bypass ; Haemofiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To study the impact of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on survival in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) following cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Design A retrospective study of all patients requiring haemofiltration after CPB over a 2 year period. Setting A 20 bedded, adult cardothoracic intensive care unit in a postgraduate teaching hospital. Patients 35 patients (26 male, age range 24–74 years) required haemofiltration (2.7% of the total number of patients undergoing CPB). Main results Cardiovascular failure post CPB was the commonest causes of ARF (n=16). Indications for haemofiltration were ureamia (21), oligo-anuria (11), volume overload (2) and hyperkalaemia (1). Mean time from CPB to the initiation of haemofiltration was 8 days (range 0–15 days). Mean urea was 30 mmol/l and creatinine 362 μmol/l immediately prior to treatment. Urea was well-controlled in all patients, although 2 needed haemodiafiltration. Twenty-six patients died during their admission to the ICU (74% mortality). A further 3 patients died during their hospital admission, following discharge from ICU. Outcome was particularly poor in patients with cardiovascular failure following CPB (16 cases, 0 survivors). Survivors tended to commence filtration earlier (mean of 4 vs 7 days for non-survivors) and required treatment for a mean period of 8 days (range 1–26 days). Survival was determined by the number of failed organ systems at the start of haemofiltration. Thus, 100% of patients with single system failure survived, compared to only 10% with 3 or more system failure. Conclusions Despite the theoretical advantages of haemofiltration and the effective control of uraemia the mortality associated with ARF following CPB remains high and is probably determined by the number of failed organs systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690550
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination of the cell-specific distribution of the four subunits of glycine decarboxylase and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in leaves of C3-C4 intermediate species from different genera (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 468-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3-C4 intermediate species (Flaveria, Moricandia, Panicum) ; C4 evolution ; Glycine decarboxylase (localization) ; Photorespiration ; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (localization)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell-specific distribution of the four subunit proteins (P, L, T and H) of glycine decarboxylase (GDC) and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) has been studied in the leaves of C3-C4 intermediate and C4 species of three genera (Flaveria, Moricandia and Panicum) using immunogold localization. Antibodies raised against these proteins from pea leaf mitochondria were used to probe Western blots of total leaf proteins of F. linearis Lag., M. arvensis (L.) DC and P. milioides Nees ex Trin. (C3-C4), and F. trinervia (Spring.) Mohr and P. miliaceum (L.) (C4). For all species, each antibody recognised specifically a protein of similar molecular weight to that in pea leaves. In leaves of M. arvensis the P protein was present in the mitochondria of the bundle-sheath cells but was undetectable in those of the mesophyll, whereas the L, T and H proteins and SHMT were present in both cell types. The density of immunogold labelling of SHMT on the mitochondria of mesophyll cells was less than that on those of the bundle-sheath cells, which correlates with the relative activities of SHMT in these cell types. These data reveal that the lack of functional GDC in the mesophyll cells of M. arvensis, which is the principal biochemical reason for reduced photorespiration in this species, is due to the loss of a single subunit protein. This lack of coordinate expression of the subunit proteins of GDC within a photosynthetic cell represents a clear difference between M. arvensis and other C3 and C3-C4 species. None of the GDC proteins was detectable in the mesophyll cells of the C3-C4 and C4 Flaveria and Panicum species but all were present in the bundle-sheath cells. The differences in the distribution of the GDC proteins in leaves of the C3-C4 species studied are discussed in relation to the evolution of photosynthetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine — facilitated acoustic startle reflex in humans (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Noradrenergic ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preclinical studies have suggested the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) may be a useful animal model to investigate the neurochemical basis of anxiety and fear states. This work has revealed that the anxiogenic alpha-2 receptor antagonist, yohimbine, increases the amplitude of the ASR in laboratory animals. The present investigation evaluated the effects of yohimbine on the ASR in healthy subjects. Seven healthy subjects received IV yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline placebo on two separate days in a randomized double blind placebo control design. A trial of 2 tone frequencies with varied intensity (90, 96, 102, 108, 114 dB) white noise, instantaneous rise time, was delivered binaurally through headphones. Tones were delivered every 25–60 sec, for a 30 ms duration. Startle testing was done 80 minutes post infusion and lasted 15–20 minutes. Sign rank testing indicated yohimbine caused an overall increase in startle amplitude, as well as significant augmentation of startle amplitude at 96, 102, 108, 114 decibels but not at the 90 dB intensity. Sign rank tests indicated a significant reduction of startle latency by yohimbine at only the 96 dB intensity. Significant correlations were observed between startle and peak anxiety, startle and plasma MHPG, peak anxiety and plasma MHPG. This study demonstrates in healthy human subjects an excitatory effect of yohimbine on the mangnitude of the ASR and a decrease in its latency. In the context of the key role of this reflex in the alarm response, this finding adds to the array of documented behavioral, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of yohimbine in humans which support the relationship between increased noradrenergic function and anxiety states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251291
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