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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Modeling of {110} Adjacent Reentry of Polyethylene Molecules (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 27 (1994), S. 656-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00081a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of Mediterranean plum pox virus isolates by coat protein analysis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six isolates of plum pox potyvirus from different Mediterranean countries were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), peptide mapping and Western blotting after improved purification of virions using a protease inhibitor cocktail that reduced coat protein degradation. One isolate (Spanish isolate 3.3 from plum) differed from the others in possessing a smaller coat protein (approximately 34 instead 36 kDa) with a possible deletion in the surface-exposed amino-terminal region. Infectivity of the viruses after proteolysis, assessed using a local lesion host, was significantly reduced. Protease digestion conditions were established to generate a 28 kDa resistant core of the viral coat protein. Such conditions (longer incubation times or an increase in the enzyme concentration) differed from the milder ones reported for other potyviruses. Implications of the results in relation to the production and screening of virus-specific monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00566.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on protein crystal growth by the gel acupuncture method (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 484-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In this work we explore the possibilities of the gel-acupuncture technique, proposed previously for the growth of protein single crystals [García-Ruiz, Moreno, Viedma & Coll (1993). Mater. Res. Bull. 28, 541–546]. The main advantage of the technique is that the crystals are obtained inside an X-ray capillary and, unlike classical microdiffusion techniques, it involves a very simple and accurate technical arrangement that permits the continuous monitoring of the crystals in their growth environment. In particular, we describe the growth of single crystals of lysozyme, concanavalin A and ribonuclease A. Different starting conditions have been used to grow single crystals of these proteins into different types of capillaries at several protein and precipitating-agent concentrations. It is demonstrated that the technique works for a wide range of precipitating agents commonly used in protein crystal growth, such as large polymers (PEG 4000 and PEG 6000), organic solvents (from methanol to butanol) and salts [NaCl, (NH4)2SO4]. The range of inner diameter of the capillaries for which the technique works correctly has been also studied. The growth process and possible crystal movement was followed by video microscopy. Lysozyme crystals up to 3.1 mm were obtained but the average maximum linear crystal sizes were 2.0 mm for lysozyme, 0.4 mm for concanavalin A and 1.2 mm for ribonuclease, respectively. The waiting times to reach such a size, measured from the set-up of the experiments, were 72 h, 10 d and 5 d, respectively. Gels of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, sodium silicate, agar, high-strength agar and gel-gro have been tested in relation to their mechanical properties and their chemical interaction with the reactants. Finally, we discuss briefly the advantages of the gel-acupuncture technique and plausible applications other than crystal growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444993014350
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic electron scattering from rare gases with exact exchange: a new correlation-polarisation potential (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The many-body correlation forces which act between the impinging electron and the bound electrons of the target atoms are treated here using a newly developed correlation-polarisation potential that originates from the calculation of correlation energies in electronic bound states of atoms and molecules. The new formulation of such forces is shown to be particularly effective for the present systems once all the other forces at play are treated exactly within the Hartree-Fock scheme. The calculations of this paper compare our new density functional theory (DFT) approach (Gianturco and Rodriguez-Ruiz, 1993) with an earlier homogeneous electron gas (FEG) model for correlation forces (O'Connell and Lane, 1983) and clearly indicate the superior quality of a more realistic Hartree-Fock description of the density functional for the bound electrons. Excellent accord is obtained between experimental cross-sections and theoretical results, both for differential and integral elastic electron scattering cross-sections, over a very broad range of collision energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463778
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary heart disease in NIDDM patients. Relationship with apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words NIDDM, lipoprotein(a), apo(a) isoforms, coronary heart disease, lipids, lipoproteins, cardiovascular risk factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a strong and independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. We assessed the potential relationship between plasma Lp(a) levels, apo(a) phenotypes and coronary heart disease in a population of NIDDM patients. Seventy-one patients with coronary heart disease, who previously have had transmural myocardial infarction, or significant stenosis on coronary angiography, or positive myocardial thallium scintigraphy, or in combination, were compared with 67 patients without coronary heart disease, who tested negatively upon either coronary angiography, myocardial thallium scintigraphy or a maximal exercise test. The prevalence of plasma Lp(a) levels elevated above the threshold for increased cardiovascular risk (〉0.30 g/l) was significantly higher (p =0.005) in patients with coronary heart disease (33.8 %) compared to the control group (13.4 %). The relative risk (odds ratio) of coronary heart disease among patients with high Lp(a) concentrations was 3.1 (95 % confidence interval, 1.31–7.34; p =0.01). The overall frequency distribution of apo(a) phenotypes differed significantly between the two groups (p =0.043). However, the frequency of apo(a) isoforms of low apparent molecular mass (≤ 700 kDa) was of borderline significance (p =0.067) between patients with or without coronary heart disease (29.6 % and 16.4 %, respectively). In this Caucasian population of NIDDM patients, elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with coronary heart disease, an association which was partially accounted for by the higher frequency of apo(a) isoforms of small size. In multivariate analyses, elevated levels of Lp(a) were independently associated with coronary heart disease (odds ratio 3.48, p =0.0233). [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 585–591]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403377
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary heart disease in NIDDM patients. Relationship with apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: NIDDM ; lipoprotein(a) ; apo(a) isoforms ; coronary heart disease ; lipids ; lipoproteins ; cardiovascular risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a strong and independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. We assessed the potential relationship between plasma Lp(a) levels, apo(a) phenotypes and coronary heart disease in a population of NIDDM patients. Seventy-one patients with coronary heart disease, who previously have had transmural myocardial infarction, or significant stenosis on coronary angiography, or positive myocardial thallium scintigraphy, or in combination, were compared with 67 patients without coronary heart disease, who tested negatively upon either coronary angiography, myocardial thallium scintigraphy or a maximal exercise test. The prevalence of plasma Lp(a) levels elevated above the threshold for increased cardiovascular risk (〉0.30 g/l) was significantly higher (p=0.005) in patients with coronary heart disease (33.8%) compared to the control group (13.4%). The relative risk (odds ratio) of coronary heart disease among patients with high Lp(a) concentrations was 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.31–7.34;p=0.01). The overall frequency distribution of apo(a) phenotypes differed significantly between the two groups (p=0.043). However, the frequency of apo(a) isoforms of low apparent molecular mass (≤700 kDa) was of borderline significance (p=0.067) between patients with or without coronary heart disease (29.6% and 16.4%, respectively). In this Caucasian population of NIDDM patients, elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with coronary heart disease, an association which was partially accounted for by the higher frequency of apo(a) isoforms of small size. In multivariate analyses, elevated levels of Lp(a) were independently associated with coronary heart disease (odds ratio 3.48, p=0.0233).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403377
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastroparesis of digestible and indigestible solids in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or functional dyspepsia (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 1409-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastroparesis ; functional dyspepsia ; diabetes mellitus ; gastric emptying ; Helicobacter pylori
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric emptying of a solid meal and of 10 indigestible radiopaque solids was measured with scintigraphic and radiological techniques in 50 healthy volunteers (controls), 41 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 50 patients with functional dyspepsia. Gastroparesis was found in 51% of our diabetic patients and 74% of our patients with dyspepsia. The values ofT lag,T 1/2 and the percentage of isotope remaining in the stomach at 105 min were 14.9 min, 59.4 min and 25.3% in control subjects; 21.4 min, 88.1 min, and 46.9% in diabetic patients (P〈0.05 vs the control group); and 23.2 min, 114.6 min, and 58.7% in dyspeptic patients (P〈0.05 vs the control group). Whereas all healthy volunteers emptied all 10 indigestible solids in less than 4 hr, only 51% and 32% of diabetics and dyspeptics, respectively, achieved this emptying time (P〈0.01). Their respective values ofT 1/2 were 81 min, 212 min, and 203 min (P〈0.01 for diabetics and dyspeptics vs controls). We found no correlation between the findings for gastric emptying of digestible and indigestible solids. We conclude that gastroparesis affecting digestive and interdigestive motility is present in a high percentage of diabetics and functional dyspeptics and that conscientious evaluation of gastroparesis in both groups requires studies designed specifically to characterize each type of motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088042
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic activities after intracerebroventricular administration of prolactin (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 96 (1994), S. 63-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Prolactin ; striatum ; limbic forebrain ; dopamine ; DOPAC ; tyrosine hydroxylase ; D1 and D2 receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of prolactin (PRL) on the presynaptic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the effects of PRL onin vitro release of dopamine (DA) from perifused striatal fragments were examined. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and D2 receptor density in the striatum decreased after i.c.v. PRL administration; this was accompanied by an increase in D2 receptor affinity. These effects occurred after i.c.v. administration of PRL to normoprolactinemic rats, although normally they did not appear after administration to animals with pituitary grafting-induced hyperprolactinemia. Thus, in these animals, i.c.v. PRL failed to decrease TH activity and D1 and D2 receptor densities to a significant extent. In the case of D2 receptors, this was probably due to the fact that pituitary grafting-induced hyperprolactinemia itself was able to reduce the density of this receptor. No changes were observed in DA or L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC) contents after i.c.v. administration of PRL to both normo- and hyperprolactinemic animals. Basal and K+-evoked DA releasein vitro from perifused striatal fragments of normoprolactinemic rats were not affected by the addition of PRL, whereas this hormone enhanced K+-evoked DA release when added to perifused striatal fragments from hyperprolactinemic animals. In the limbic forebrain, i.c.v. administration of PRL to normoprolactinemic animals produced a decrease in DA and DOPAC contents and D1 receptor density. Interestingly, none of these effects appeared when PRL was injected to hyperprolactinemic animals. In summary, our results suggest a possible inhibitory role of PRL on the activity of both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronal systems. These inhibitory effects were reflected in the decreases elicited in a set of neurochemical parameters, indicating either presynaptic activity or postsynaptic sensitivity, after i.c.v.-administered PRL. This observation supports the hypothesis of a possible neuromodulatory role for an extrapituitary PRL on the activity of these neurons, although the fact that most of these effects did not appear when i.c.v. administration was performed in hyperprolactinemic rats also suggests that they are influenced by peripheral PRL levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01277929
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface laser treatment of ductile irons (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 4216-4224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the laser surface treatment of three types of ductile iron (Grades 60-40-18, 80-55-06 and 100-70-03) was studied. Using a continuous CO2 laser with a square 10 mm × 10 mm beam and uniform power density, the effect of beam scan rate at 2.5 and 5 kW power output was investigated. At each power rate, a range of scan rates was used to produce treatments with and without surface melting. The microstructure and hardness of the different zones of the treated material were analysed. It was found that layers of white iron of the same depth were produced in the three test irons when the operating conditions melted the surface material. Surface porosity can be eliminated by melting, although transverse cracks appeared on the surface with this treatment. Surface martensitic hardening produced a layer of uniform hardness only in the case of the grade 100-70-03 ductile iron with a perlitic matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414201
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue performance and residual stresses in laser treated 50CrV4 steel (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 5213-5218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of continuous CO2 laser surface quenching of one side of a rectangular section of 50CrV4 steel samples are studied. The treatment is carried out in one or several passes, working with a square beam with a uniform power density of 2550 W cm−2 at scan rates between 700 and 1400 mm min−1, with either a single or overlapped sweep of the beam. The magnitude and distribution of internal longitudinal stresses created by the uniform treatment of the surface, relating them to the harness gradients created in depth, conditioned by structural variations, are considered. The uniform treatment of the surface leads to considerable improvement in fatigue performance. In the presence of the thermally affected zones produced by successive sweeps of the beam, however, the noted improvement is largely lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01151119
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