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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed excimer laser etching of La0.75Ca0.25MnOx thin films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3644-3646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulsed (λ=248 nm, pulse width=20 ns) KrF-excimer-laser-induced etching of La0.75Ca0.25MnOx (LCMO) thin films exhibiting giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been studied. The variation of etch depth as a function of the number of laser pulses shows a linear dependence in the fluence range between 0.15 and 4 J cm−2. The threshold fluence for ablation is found to be 0.07 J cm−2. The photoetching process is seen to follow the Beer–Lambert's relation based on a linear absorption model with an absorption length of 28.3 nm. The nanomorphology of the laser etched surface as revealed by atomic force microscopy shows significant improvement in the surface smoothness of the deposited films for etching at low energy densities (typically 0.17 J cm−2) and enhanced roughness at higher energy densities (typically 0.86 J cm−2). Changes in the resistivity and GMR effect due to laser treatment are also examined. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115345
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman Spectroscopic Observation of a Conformational Change at the Heme-Protein Linkage in Myoglobin at High Pressure (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 10149-10150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00145a041
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative two-dimensional dopant profile measurement and inverse modeling by scanning capacitance microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Quantitative dopant profile measurements are performed on a nanometer scale by scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). An atomic force microscope is used to position a nanometer scale tip at a semiconductor surface, and local capacitance change is measured as a function of sample bias. A new feedback method has been demonstrated in which the magnitude of the ac bias voltage applied to the sample is adjusted to maintain a constant capacitance change as the tip is scanned across the sample surface. A quasi-1D model is used to extract dopant density profiles from the SCM measurements. The inverted SCM dopant profiles are compared with profiles obtained by process simulation and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurement. Good agreement was found between the SCM measured profile and the lateral profile predicted by SUPREM 4 over the concentration range from 1017 to 1020 cm−3. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic ordering of GaInP studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1264-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The atomic ordering of GaInP has been established and studied by a variety of methods, including transmission electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, and photoluminescence. In this work, a Kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM) has been employed to image several GaInP samples previously characterized by these established techniques. The results of our study clearly show that the KPFM is capable of distinguishing between ordered and disordered regions in GaInP, and that the KPFM contrast strongly depends on the amplitude of the applied ac bias voltage of the KPFM. The measurements indicate that ordering in GaInP modifies the density and/or lifetime of the surface states. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113257
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromachined submicrometer photodiode for scanning probe microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2309-2311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A submicrometer photodiode probe with a sub-50 nanometer tip radius has been developed for optical surface characterization on a nanometer scale. The nanoprobe is built to detect subwavelength optical intensity variations in the near field of an illuminated surface. The probe consists of an Al–Si Schottky diode constructed near the end of a micromachined pyramidal silicon tip. The process for batch fabrication of the nanoprobes is described. Electrical and optical characterization measurements of the nanoprobe are presented. The diode has a submicrometer optically sensitive area with a 150 fW sensitivity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114223
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear force microscopy with capacitance detection for near-field scanning optical microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1432-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shear force microscopy is very useful for distance regulation in near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). However, the optical method used to detect the shear force can cause problems when imaging photosensitive materials, i.e., the shear force detection beam can optically pump the sample. We present here a new approach to shear force detection based upon capacitance sensing. The design, operation, and performance of the capacitance detection are presented. Shear force topographic images of hard and soft surfaces are shown using tungsten and NSOM fiber tips. The closed loop vertical sensitivity achieved is 0.01 nm/(square root of)Hz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113269
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of treatment on lymphokine-secreting cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with Crohn's disease (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Recent studies have shown both interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN) to be elevated in patients with active Crohn's disease compared to ulcerative colitis or non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. However the effect of treatment on these lymphokines has not been studied. Patients and methods: Using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay the percentage of lymphokine-secreting cells was determined in the intestinal mucosa of children with Crohn's disease before and after 8 weeks of treatment with either enteral nutrition, cyclosporin or steroids. Results: Before treatment, a high percentage of cells isolated from mucosal biopsies secreted IL-2 or interferon-gamma. Eight weeks’treatment with the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin, or with corticosteroids, produced a significant reduction in the percentage of IL-2 secreting cells, although only for the former was there also a reduction in interferon-gamma secreting cells. Enteral nutrition however, produced a reduction in lymphokine-secreting cells equivalent to cyclosporin and produced the best histological and clinical improvement. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition and cyclosporin can down-regulate lymphokine secretion in the gut in Crohn's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00419.x
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  • 8
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    Lee, D. A. "The Symbolic Narratives of the Fourth Gospel" (Book Review) (1995)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of theological studies. n.s.:46 (1995) 640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-5185
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: AUTHORS AND BOOKS REVIEWED OR NOTICED
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:f198-1995-046-00-000152
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonographic imaging of the hand and wrist in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 591-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Musculoskeletal ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To assess ultrasound findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the hand and wrist compared to normal volunteers. Design Metacarpophalangeal and carpal articulations were imaged ultrasonically. Two readers reviewed static images for synovial, cartilaginous, and bony abnormalities using severity and probability scales. Ultrasound findings were correlated with disease activity. Patients Ten normal volunteers and 29 patients with known rheumatoid arthritis. Results Synovial abnormalities and erosions were most commonly identified in the rheumatoid hand and wrist (p〈0.01). Criteria used for normal and abnormal cartilage did not predict normal and disease states. Significant differences in synovial abnormalities and erosions were observed between the inactive and mildly active disease groups as well as the active and mildly active disease groups (p〈0.01). Conclusion Ultrasound can detect abnormalities of the hand and wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to normal volunteers. Normal articular anatomy is well demonstrated ultrasonically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204858
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  • 10
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    Introduction: Agribusiness and International Agriculture (1995)
    Chicago : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Agricultural History. 69:2 (1995:Spring) 133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-1482
    Topics: History , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Special Issue on Agribusiness and International Agriculture: The New Farmers
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:3013-1995-069-02-000001
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