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  • 1995-1999  (90)
  • 1997  (39)
  • 1996  (51)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of quasielastic light scattering of a ternary solution consisting of two homopolymers with arbitrary optical, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic properties (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 3675-3683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temporal dependence of the time correlation function detected by quasielastic light (QEL) scattering in solution consisting of two homopolymers with arbitrary hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties is investigated. New results appropriate for the ternary polymer solution in various concentrations are obtained. These new results should facilitate the analysis of the QEL scattering data of a ternary solution in any concentrations. Information about tracer diffusion coefficients of the constitutive polymers and their excluded volume interaction parameter is shown to be obtainable from the QEL experiment of the ternary polymer solution. Applications to ternary polymer solutions with one polymer isorefractive with the solvent, solutions with two polymers differing only in molecular weight, and solutions with two polymers having arbitrary refractive index increments are discussed. Clarification in regard to the ternary solution under the zero average contrast (ZAC) condition is also made. It is shown that under the ZAC condition, the autocorrelation function of the composition fluctuation in general decays with two exponentials, even at 1:1 symmetric composition. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474723
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasielastic light scattering study of ternary polymer solutions of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in dioxane (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 3775-3781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of the mixture polystyrene (PS)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–dioxane in the semidilute concentration regime has been investigated by quasielastic light scattering. Two types of PS–PMMA–dioxane solution have been studied: One at a fixed composition but with different total polymer concentrations, and the other at a fixed total polymer concentration but with different compositions. For each solution, two distinct modes have been observed in the autocorrelation function of the scattered light; their relaxation times and relative amplitudes are studied as functions of composition and total polymer concentration. The present method differ from the previous one by not requiring one polymer to be isorefractive with solvent. By using the experimental results and with the help of theory, the self-diffusion coefficients of PS and PMMA and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χF have been deduced. The χF values obtained in this work are in good agreement with that obtained by other methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473430
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of external electric field on semidilute polymer solutions probed by dynamic light scattering (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2819-2823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dynamic light scattering studies of polystyrene (PS) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in 1,4-dioxane (DO) and in THF/DO mixed solvent, subject to an external dc field, have been carried out. In THF the rate constant for the decay of the intensity autocorrelation function (IACF) is found to increase with increasing the external applied electric field; in DO, the electric field is found to have only a negligible effect on the IACF; in the mixed solvent it exhibits an intermediate effect, depending on the THF content. A hydrodynamic theory is proposed to account for the observed electric field induced effect in THF. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Ti multilayer thin films (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7301-7305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructural and magnetic properties of amorphous Co/Ti multilayer films and their variation with temperature are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and thermomagnetic measurements. Thermomagnetic curves showed two peaks at about 400 and 520 °C. The evolution of the structure monitored in the hot stage of the TEM was found to be consistent with the magnetic changes. The first peak of the saturation magnetization Ms at 400 °C was associated with the transformation from amorphous ferromagnetism to paramagnetism due to the amorphous Co existing in the film. Ms began to increase corresponding to the crystallization point of the ferromagnetic Co phase, which decreased with increasing amounts of Co in the film. Ms reached its maximum at 520 °C and then decreased because the phase transition occurred at a temperature greater than 520 °C and approached completion at 650 °C. The amorphous phase and crystalline phase formation and phase transition during annealing were observed in Co/Ti multilayer thin films and successfully explained the thermomagnetic properties of the film. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365328
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion and dipolar orientational effects on the linear electroabsorption and electro-optic responses in a model guest/host nonlinear optical system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6602-6609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Linear electroabsorption (LEA) and linear electro-optic (LEO) measurements are demonstrated using a model guest/host system consisting of disperse red 1 (DR1) doped in poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA). The LEA response is measured over a wavelength range of 300–700 nm. Electro-optic measurements of the real and imaginary parts of the electric field-induced Pockels coefficient are carried out at wavelengths near and far from the resonant absorption. A shift in the absorption maximum and change in the band shape of the LEA spectrum are related to the linear Stark effect and dipolar orientation. Expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the Pockels coefficient derived from the two experiments are provided. Induced dipolar order as a result of the contact poling process is investigated by the LEA measurement. Information concerning the relaxation of the induced dipolar order, investigated by the LEA measurement, is compared to the relaxation results obtained by using the second-harmonic generation technique. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperpolarizabilities of the m-substituent phenyl amine based chromophores determined from the hyper-Rayleigh scattering and two photon absorption induced fluorescence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5996-6001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The technique of hyper-Rayleigh scattering is used to determine and compare the first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of five structurally similar m-substituent phenyl-amine based chromophores using both internal and external standards. Contribution from the two photon absorption induced fluorescence to the observed signal is carefully removed. The chromophores with the m-substituted phenyl ring, that stabilizes the maximal charge-transfer state through resonance effect, are found to have larger static β values and redshifted electronic absorption peaks (λmax) compared with the para-nitroaniline (pNA) chromophore. The electron-withdrawing m-substituent of the chromophore is found to have the effect of reducing both the β and λmax values. Its effect on β is less pronounced when the π-electron reservoir is large. The enhancement of β value and the redshift λmax are observed to be consistent with the extent of the π electron delocalization. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363597
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postgrowth annealing effects of TiO2 thin films grown on InP substrate at low-temperature by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4459-4461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural and electrical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films grown on n-type InP(100) substrate by low-pressure metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition have been studied with postannealing. The thin films of TiO2 were deposited at a low temperature of 350 °C using titanium isopropoxide and oxygen. After a postgrowth annealing by the rapid thermal annealing method at a temperature of 850 °C for 15 s, the TiO2/InP structure of only the anatase phase with (101) and (200) peaks was observed by x-ray diffraction analysis. No interface reaction between TiO2 and InP was detected by Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling. From capacitance–voltage measurement of the Al/TiO2/n-InP structure, the interface density of states at midgap energy and the dielectric constant were approximately low 1012 eV−1 cm−2 at midgap energy and about 50, respectively. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361757
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of epitaxial and polycrystalline Fe/Si multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4772-4774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe/Si multilayers with antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling have been grown via ion-beam sputtering on both glass and single-crystal substrates. High-angle x-ray diffraction measurements show that both sets of films have narrow Fe peaks, implying a large crystallite size and crystalline iron silicide spacer layers. Low-angle x-ray diffraction measurements show that films grown on glass have rougher interfaces than those grown on single-crystal substrates. The multilayers grown on glass have a larger remanent magnetization than the multilayers grown on single-crystal substrates. The observation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in hysteresis loops and (hkl) peaks in x-ray diffraction demonstrates that the films grown on MgO and Ge are epitaxial. The smaller remanent magnetization in Fe/Si multilayers with better layering suggests that the remanence is not an intrinsic property. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361926
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging effect of Co/C soft x-ray multilayer mirrors (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of aging on Co/C multilayer x-ray mirrors is presented. One significant result is the enhancement of the reflectivity at grazing incidence with time for the Co/C multilayers with C-on-top stored in air or argon and Co-on-top stored in argon. This can be interpreted in terms of a Co–C phase-separation at Co–C interfaces due to the positive enthalpy of Co–C mixing. Results also show that oxidation of the surface of Co-on-top Co/C multilayers plays an important role in the decrease of reflectivity. The oxidation can be prevented by storing the multilayers in an oxygen-free atmosphere or by depositing amorphous carbon as the top layer. The reflectivity of tarnished multilayers can be restored by removing the oxides by wet chemical methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363839
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal evolution of carbon in annealed Co/C soft x-ray multilayers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1428-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structures of the carbon sublayers in the annealed Co/C soft x-ray multilayers fabricated using a dual-facing-target sputtering system have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The results suggest that the structural variations in the carbon layers can be roughly divided into three stages, i.e. ordering, crystalline and grain growth stages. In the ordering stage with annealing temperatures below 400 °C, the upward shift of D and G lines in Raman spectra indicates that the amorphous carbon layers are changing from ones with bond-angle disorder and fourfold-bonding only to ones containing threefold-bonding. In the crystalline stage, the amorphous carbon layers in the as-deposited multilayers crystallize to graphite crystallites in the annealing temperature range of 500–600 °C. The rapid increase in the intensity ratio of D line to G line and dramatic decrease in linewidth further confirm this substantial structural change. In the grain growth stage, the specimens are annealed at temperatures higher than 700 °C. The decrease in the intensity ratio implies a growth in the graphite crystallite dimensions, which is consistent with the XRD and TEM results. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363010
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